JP6599096B2 - Filtration basin cleaning method and water treatment apparatus - Google Patents
Filtration basin cleaning method and water treatment apparatus Download PDFInfo
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本発明はろ過池の洗浄方法および水処理装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a filtration basin cleaning method and a water treatment apparatus.
浄水場におけるろ過池において、洗浄はろ過水質を確保する上で非常に重要な項目である。
一般的に逆洗が行われるタイミングは、浄水場がこれまでの運用経験に基づいて、あるいは浄水場の水道水生産計画に基づいて定めた「ろ過継続時間」終了後、あるいは、ろ過池内水位が規定値に到達した時点である（この洗浄を「ろ抗洗浄」という）。
これまでの浄水場では、前記２種類の洗浄タイミングのどちらか、あるいは両方を併用することで運用されてきた。しかし、近年目立ってきた自然及び社会環境の変化によって、従来の運用方法のままでは問題が生じる可能性が出てきた。
下記に浄水場を取巻く自然及び社会環境の変化を述べる。
Washing is a very important item for ensuring the quality of filtered water in filtration ponds at water treatment plants.
In general, the timing of backwashing is determined after the “filtration duration” set by the water treatment plant based on past operational experience or based on the tap water production plan of the water purification plant, or when the water level in the filter basin is It is the time when the specified value is reached (this cleaning is called “filter cleaning”).
Conventional water purification plants have been operated by using one or both of the two types of cleaning timings. However, due to changes in the natural and social environments that have been conspicuous in recent years, there has been a possibility that problems may arise if the conventional operation method is used.
The following describes changes in the natural and social environment surrounding the water treatment plant.
・自然環境の変化
近年は、ゲリラ豪雨などの突発的に起きる集中豪雨が問題となっている。ゲリラ豪雨は、河川水の急激な水質悪化（濁度上昇）を引き起こすため、特に表流水を水源とする浄水場では原水水質が急激に悪化することとなる。ゲリラ豪雨の場合は水質変化が急激であるため、混和池における凝集条件の変更（薬品注入率など）が間に合わずに、濁質が沈殿池をキャリーオーバーして、ろ過池に負担を掛けることが想定される。その結果、通常時の運用であれば、まだろ過を継続することが可能だったろ過池が、流入した濁質で閉塞してろ過池内の水位が上昇し、ろ過を継続できなくなることとなる。浄水場において、予定外の急激なろ過池の閉塞は、計画的な水道水生産の上では好ましくない。逆洗に入ると、当該ろ過池は水道水を生産できなくなり、さらに生産した水道水の一部が逆洗に使用されるため、水道水の生産計画に大きな支障を来たすこととなるためである。
・ Changes in the natural environment In recent years, sudden torrential rains such as guerrilla heavy rain have become a problem. Since guerrilla heavy rain causes rapid water quality deterioration (turbidity increase) of river water, the quality of raw water will deteriorate rapidly especially at water purification plants that use surface water as the water source. In the case of guerrilla rainstorms, the water quality changes rapidly, so changes in the agglomeration conditions in the mixing pond (chemical injection rate, etc.) are not in time, and turbidity can carry over the sedimentation pond and put a burden on the filtration pond. is assumed. As a result, in normal operation, the filtration pond that was still able to continue filtration is blocked by the inflowing turbidity, the water level in the filtration pond rises, and filtration cannot be continued. In the water purification plant, unexpected unplanned clogging of the filtration basin is not preferable for planned tap water production. When backwashing is started, the filter basin cannot produce tap water, and part of the tap water produced is used for backwashing, resulting in a major hindrance to the tap water production plan. .
・社会環境の変化
上水道事業において近年顕著に現れてきた（あるいは声高に予想される）傾向として、節水意識の高まり、節水器具の普及及び人口減少などの原因による長期的な水道料金収入の低迷がある。この事業環境の中で、将来に渡って安定した上水道事業を継続して行くには、浄水場の効率的な運用で水道水製造単価を下げることが肝要であり、その必要性は今後さらに高まってくる。例えば、ろ過池における効率的な運用方法の一つに、逆洗方法及び頻度の最適化が挙げられる。ろ過池の逆洗は、安全なろ過水質の確保のために、ろ過水質が悪化する前に行われることが一般的であり、その頻度及び方法は「最適」よりも「確実に安全なろ過水質を得るために最適よりはやや過剰」になる傾向がある。
前記の事業環境の中で上水道事業を安定的に継続して行くためには、逆洗頻度及び方法の最適化は今後必要となってくる。
下廃水分野におけるろ過池の洗浄方法としては、例えば特許文献１が挙げられる。
・ Changes in the social environment As a trend that has emerged prominently in the water supply business in recent years (or is expected to be loud), there is a long-term slump in water tariff due to increased water-saving awareness, the spread of water-saving equipment, and population decline. is there. In this business environment, in order to continue a stable water supply business for the future, it is important to lower the unit price of tap water production through efficient operation of the water treatment plant, and the necessity will increase further in the future. Come. For example, one of the efficient operation methods in the filtration basin includes backwashing method and frequency optimization. In general, backwashing of the filtration basin is performed before the quality of the filtered water deteriorates in order to ensure a safe filtered water quality. Tend to be a little over-optimal to get.
In order to continue the waterworks business stably in the business environment described above, it is necessary to optimize the frequency and method of backwashing in the future.
An example of a method for cleaning a filtration pond in the field of sewage wastewater is Patent Document 1.
近年の自然及び社会環境の変化に伴って、これからの浄水場には（１）急激な原水水質の悪化によって予定外のろ過池の閉塞が生じても水道水生産計画への影響を最小限に抑えることができ、また、（２）浄水場の効率的な運用に資することができる逆洗方法が必要となるが、現状それらを満たすろ過池の逆洗方法は存在しない。本発明では、それを満たす簡便な逆洗方法およびそれを実施することができる水処理装置を提供することを課題とする。 Along with recent changes in natural and social environments, future water treatment plants will (1) minimize the impact on the tap water production plan even if unplanned clogging of the filtration pond occurs due to sudden deterioration of raw water quality. (2) Although there is a need for a backwashing method that can contribute to the efficient operation of the water purification plant, there is no backwashing method for the filtration basin that satisfies them at present. An object of the present invention is to provide a simple backwashing method that satisfies the requirements and a water treatment device that can carry out the same.
本発明は上記課題を鑑みて成されたものである。
本発明は、ろ層を構成するろ材に少なくとも砂が含まれている浄水用ろ過池の洗浄方法であって、空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用する洗浄を実施した後、次の該併用洗浄を実施するまでの間に、空気洗浄を行わずに水洗浄のみの洗浄を行うことを特徴とするろ過池の洗浄方法である。
このような洗浄方法を、以下では「本発明の方法」ともいう。
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems.
The present invention is a cleaning method of a filter basin for water purification in which at least sand is contained in the filter medium constituting the filter layer, and after performing cleaning using both air cleaning and water cleaning, the following combined cleaning is performed. In the meantime, the cleaning method of the filtration basin is characterized by performing only water cleaning without air cleaning.
Hereinafter, such a cleaning method is also referred to as “the method of the present invention”.
本発明の方法は、空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用する洗浄を実施した後、次の該併用洗浄を実施するまでの間隔が８００時間以内であることが好ましい。 In the method of the present invention, it is preferable that the interval between the cleaning using both air cleaning and water cleaning is 800 hours or less after the next combined cleaning is performed.
本発明の方法は、予定したろ過継続時間よりも短い時間で、ろ過池内の水位がろ過の可能な限界水位に到達したときに、空気洗浄を行わずに水洗浄のみの洗浄を行うことが好ましい。 In the method of the present invention, when the water level in the filter basin reaches a limit water level that can be filtered in a time shorter than the scheduled filtration duration time, it is preferable to perform only water cleaning without air cleaning. .
本発明の方法は、前記ろ過池のろ層が複数のろ材で構成されていることが好ましい。
ここで、複数のろ材とは、材質が複数であっても良いし、粒径が複数であっても、その混合であっても良い。
In the method of the present invention, it is preferable that the filter layer of the filter basin is composed of a plurality of filter media.
Here, the plurality of filter media may be a plurality of materials, a plurality of particle sizes, or a mixture thereof.
また、本発明は、ろ層を構成するろ材に少なくとも砂が含まれているろ層に、空気を吹き込んで空気洗浄を行う空気洗浄手段と水洗を行う水洗浄手段を有する水処理装置であって、空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用する洗浄か、あるいは、水洗浄のみの洗浄かを選択可能な制御を行う制御部を有することを特徴とする水処理装置である。
このような水処理装置を、以下では「本発明の装置」ともいう。
Further, the present invention is a water treatment apparatus having air cleaning means for performing air cleaning by blowing air into a filter layer in which at least sand is contained in the filter medium constituting the filter layer and water cleaning means for performing water cleaning. The water treatment apparatus is characterized by having a control unit that performs control capable of selecting whether the cleaning is a combination of air cleaning and water cleaning or only water cleaning.
Hereinafter, such a water treatment apparatus is also referred to as “the apparatus of the present invention”.
本発明の装置は、前記制御部はろ過池内の水位が、予定したろ過継続時間よりも短い時間で、ろ過が可能な限界水位に到達したときに、空気洗浄を行わずに水洗浄のみを行う制御を選択することを可能とした制御部であることを特徴とすることが好ましい。 In the apparatus of the present invention, when the water level in the filtration basin reaches a limit water level at which filtration is possible in a time shorter than the scheduled filtration continuation time, the control unit performs only water washing without performing air washing. It is preferable that the control unit is capable of selecting control.
以下において、単に「本発明」と記す場合、本発明の方法と本発明の装置との両方を意味するものとする。 In the following, simply referring to “the present invention” means both the method of the present invention and the apparatus of the present invention.
本発明者らは鋭意研究を進めた結果、通常の洗浄方法として空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用するろ過池において、空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用する洗浄と、空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用する洗浄との間に、空気洗浄を行わずに、水洗浄のみで洗浄を実施しても、ろ過水質及びろ抗の推移に直ちには影響を与えないことを見出した。これは、通常用いる洗浄方法よりも簡略化した洗浄でも、ある一定期間は、ろ過池の機能を維持できることを示している。そのため、上記の課題の解決手段として用いることが可能となった。
ここで、本発明における「空気洗浄と水洗浄の併用」とは、空気と水を同時に使用した洗浄のことのみならず、１回の洗浄の中で、空気洗浄と水洗浄を行うことも「空気洗浄と水洗浄の併用」である。すなわち、１回の洗浄の中で、空気洗浄を行って、その後に水洗浄を行う場合も空気洗浄と水洗浄の併用であるし、空気と水を同時に使用する空気・水同時洗浄の後に、水洗浄を行うことも空気洗浄と水洗浄の併用である。また、空気洗浄を行った後に、空気・水同時洗浄を行い、その後に水洗浄を行うことも空気洗浄と水洗浄の併用である。
As a result of diligent research, the inventors of the present invention, as a normal cleaning method, in a filtration pond that uses both air cleaning and water cleaning, cleaning that uses both air cleaning and water cleaning, and cleaning that uses both air cleaning and water cleaning In the meantime, it was found that even if washing was carried out only with water washing without air washing, the transition of filtered water quality and resistance was not immediately affected. This shows that the function of the filter basin can be maintained for a certain period of time even with cleaning that is simpler than the commonly used cleaning method. Therefore, it can be used as means for solving the above problems.
Here, “combined use of air cleaning and water cleaning” in the present invention includes not only cleaning using air and water simultaneously, but also performing air cleaning and water cleaning in one cleaning. "Combination of air cleaning and water cleaning". In other words, air cleaning is performed in one cleaning, and then water cleaning is also a combination of air cleaning and water cleaning. After air / water simultaneous cleaning using air and water simultaneously, Performing water cleaning is a combination of air cleaning and water cleaning. Further, after air cleaning, simultaneous air / water cleaning, and then water cleaning is a combination of air cleaning and water cleaning.
本発明のろ過池の洗浄方法を用いると、下記の効果を得ることができる。
ろ過池の洗浄方法には、一般的に逆流洗浄（本発明では、逆流洗浄と水洗浄は同義で用いている）と表面洗浄を組み合わせる方法、逆流洗浄と空気洗浄を組み合わせる方法がある。例えばろ材の粒径が比較的大きいアンスラサイトを用いた複層ろ過方式では、ろ層の内部まで侵入した懸濁物を除去するために、逆流洗浄と空気洗浄を併用する例が多い。
The following effects can be obtained by using the filtration basin cleaning method of the present invention.
In general, there are two methods for cleaning the filtration basin: backflow cleaning (in the present invention, backflow cleaning and water cleaning are used synonymously) and surface cleaning, and backflow cleaning and air cleaning. For example, in a multi-layer filtration method using anthracite having a relatively large particle size of the filter medium, there are many examples in which back-flow cleaning and air cleaning are used in combination in order to remove a suspension that has penetrated to the inside of the filter layer.
通常、空気洗浄工程を有する洗浄の場合、空気洗浄によるろ材の流出を防ぐために、空気洗浄の前に排水トラフまで池内水位を下げる排水工程が必要となる（この間は、洗浄を行う前の待機時間であり、ろ過池の洗浄は行われていない。この間は、洗浄もろ過も行われていないため、ろ過池にとっては完全な時間のロスとなる）。特に、ろ層の閉塞によって、ろ過が可能な限界の水位まで到達したろ過池内の水を排水するためには多くの時間を必要とする。これは原水の急激な悪化による予定外のろ過池洗浄を行う場合には、重大な時間のロスとなる。予定外のろ過池の洗浄の場合には、早期に洗浄を終了して、速やかに水道水の生産に移行し、水道水生産計画への影響を最小限に抑えることが求められるためである。 Usually, in the case of washing with an air washing process, a drainage process is required to lower the water level in the pond to the drainage trough before air washing in order to prevent the filter medium from flowing out due to air washing (during this time, the waiting time before washing is performed) The filter basin is not washed, and during this time, neither washing nor filtration is performed, which is a complete loss of time for the filter basin). In particular, it takes a lot of time to drain the water in the filter basin that has reached the water level where filtration is possible due to the clogging of the filter layer. This is a significant loss of time when performing unscheduled filter basin cleaning due to rapid deterioration of raw water. In the case of unscheduled filtration basin cleaning, it is necessary to end the cleaning at an early stage and immediately shift to the production of tap water to minimize the impact on the tap water production plan.
一方で、本発明を用いて予定外の洗浄を行うと、通常洗浄であれば空気洗浄と水洗浄を行うところを、多くの排水時間を要する空気洗浄工程を省略して水洗浄のみを行うために、早期のろ過工程への復帰が可能となり、水道水生産計画への影響を最小限に抑えることが可能となる。具体的には、例えば、自然平衡型ろ過池の場合、排水サイフォンで排水するにしたがって自然に逆洗が開始されるので、排水トラフ下まで完全に排水をしないと洗浄を開始できない空気洗浄に比べて、早期に洗浄を開始できる。
空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄を行うろ過池において、毎回の洗浄で空気洗浄を行わなくてもろ層の再生が可能であること、またろ過水濁度においても空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した場合と変わらない水質を得られることを発明者らは確認している（後述する実施例１）。そのため、浄水場の効率化を達成するための洗浄及び予定外の洗浄に本発明の適用が可能となる。ただし、空気洗浄を行わない洗浄は、その後のろ過水質及びろ抗推移に直ちに影響を与えないが、空気洗浄を行わない洗浄の回数を重ねて行くにつれて、徐々に空気洗浄でしか除去できない濁質がろ層に蓄積されるため、適宜空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄を行うことが必要である。
On the other hand, if unscheduled cleaning is performed using the present invention, in the case of normal cleaning, air cleaning and water cleaning are performed, and an air cleaning process that requires a lot of drainage time is omitted and only water cleaning is performed. In addition, it is possible to return to the early filtration process and minimize the influence on the tap water production plan. Specifically, for example, in the case of a natural equilibrium filter basin, backwashing starts naturally as it drains with a drainage siphon, so compared to air washing where cleaning cannot be started without draining completely under the drainage trough. Cleaning can be started early.
In filtration ponds that perform washing using both air washing and water washing, it is possible to regenerate the filter layer without air washing every time washing, and also air washing and water washing are used in combination with filtered water turbidity. The inventors have confirmed that the same water quality as the case can be obtained (Example 1 described later). Therefore, the present invention can be applied to cleaning for achieving efficiency of the water purification plant and unscheduled cleaning. However, washing without air washing does not immediately affect the quality of filtered water and the subsequent resistance change, but as the number of washings without air washing is repeated, turbidity that can be removed only by air washing gradually. Since it accumulates in the filter layer, it is necessary to carry out cleaning using a combination of air cleaning and water cleaning as appropriate.
また、本発明の方法を用いると、ろ過池の稼働率（全時間に占めるろ過している時間の割合）、水回収率（ろ過池に流入した水量のうち、ろ過水として回収できた水量の割合。このとき、水洗浄用に使用したろ過水は回収できた水量から除く）が向上することでランニングコストの削減ができるため、浄水場の効率的な運用に貢献することができる。具体的に削減できるランニングコストは、空気洗浄で使用するブロワの電力費や空気洗浄前に水位を降下させる際に発生する捨水を着水井に返送する排水返送ポンプの電力量の他、ろ過池の稼働率が向上することで一日で生産できるろ過水量が増加して浄水場の効率が上がり、結果として水道水製造単価を低減することができる。 In addition, when the method of the present invention is used, the operating rate of the filter basin (the ratio of the filtering time in the total time), the water recovery rate (of the amount of water recovered as filtered water out of the amount of water flowing into the filter pond) In this case, the running cost can be reduced by improving the filtered water used for water washing (excluding the amount of recovered water), which can contribute to the efficient operation of the water purification plant. The running cost that can be specifically reduced includes the power consumption of the blower used for air cleaning, the amount of power of the drainage return pump that returns wastewater generated when the water level is lowered before air cleaning to the landing well, and the filtration basin. As a result, the amount of filtered water that can be produced in one day is increased and the efficiency of the water purification plant is increased. As a result, the unit price of tap water can be reduced.
さらには、原水の一時的な悪化ではない原因で、予定外の洗浄が必要となり、かつ水道水の生産量を減らせないときに、本発明のろ過池の洗浄方法を用いると、空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用する場合と比べて短時間でろ層の再生が可能となり、早期に水道水の生産を復旧させることができる。 Furthermore, when the cleaning method of the filtration basin of the present invention is used when unscheduled cleaning is necessary and the production amount of tap water cannot be reduced because it is not a temporary deterioration of raw water, air cleaning and water The filter layer can be regenerated in a shorter time than when washing is used in combination, and production of tap water can be restored at an early stage.
さらに、空気洗浄方式の課題として、ろ材の流出が多いこと、すなわち、空気洗浄時にろ層に吹き込まれ、そのまま、ろ層内に滞留した空気が水洗浄時に流出し、ろ材を巻き上げて越流することが挙げられる。しかし、本発明を用いると、ろ材が流出するリスクを大幅に軽減して、ろ材（アンスラサイト等）の補充頻度及び補充量を低減するとともに、排水池底部に滞留した、流出ろ材の浚渫作業の頻度を低減でき、その結果、労務費や産業廃棄物処理費の削減につながる。 Furthermore, as a problem of the air cleaning method, there is a large amount of outflow of the filter medium, that is, air is blown into the filter layer at the time of air cleaning, and the air staying in the filter layer flows out at the time of water cleaning, winds up the filter medium and overflows Can be mentioned. However, when the present invention is used, the risk of the filter medium flowing out is greatly reduced, the frequency and amount of filter medium replenishment (anthracite, etc.) is reduced, and dredging work of the spilled filter medium staying at the bottom of the drainage basin is reduced. The frequency can be reduced, resulting in a reduction in labor costs and industrial waste disposal costs.
本発明の装置について、好適例を挙げて説明する。
図１は、本発明の装置の好適態様を示す概略断面図である。
図１において本発明の装置８０は自然平衡型ろ過装置であり、沈殿池（図示せず）から延びる流入渠１と、この流入渠１の下方に配置されて水をろ過処理するろ過池２と、ろ過池２を通過したろ過水が流れ込むろ過水渠３と、ろ過池２に隣接して設置された排水流出部４とを有している。
The apparatus of the present invention will be described with a suitable example.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, an apparatus 80 of the present invention is a natural equilibrium filtration apparatus, and an inflow trough 1 extending from a settling basin (not shown), and a filter basin 2 disposed below the inflow trough 1 and filtering water. , A filtered water tank 3 into which filtered water that has passed through the filtration basin 2 flows, and a drainage outflow portion 4 that is installed adjacent to the filtration basin 2.
流入渠１の内部には、垂直堰５と溢流堰６が設けられていると共に、この垂直堰５を跨いで逆Ｕ宇状の流入サイフォン管７が配置される。この流入サイフォン管７の両端部は、水没させた状態におかれている。そして、この流入サイフォン管７の頂部には、流入サイフォン形成弁１１と流入サイフォン破壊弁１２とを有する流入サイフォン形成管１０が連結される。流入サイフォン形成弁１１は、図示しない真空ポンプなどの真空源に接続されている。 A vertical weir 5 and an overflow weir 6 are provided inside the inflow trough 1, and an inverted U-shaped inflow siphon tube 7 is disposed across the vertical weir 5. Both ends of the inflow siphon tube 7 are placed in a submerged state. An inflow siphon forming tube 10 having an inflow siphon forming valve 11 and an inflow siphon breaking valve 12 is connected to the top of the inflow siphon tube 7. The inflow siphon forming valve 11 is connected to a vacuum source such as a vacuum pump (not shown).
流入サイフォン形成弁１１を開き、流入サイフォン破壊弁１２を閉じると、流入サイフォン管７内が真空状態となって、この内部を水が流れ、溢流堰６を溢流した水が流入管８を通じてろ過池２内に流れ込む。流入サイフォン形成弁１１を閉じた状態で、流入サイフォン破壊弁１２を開くと、流入サイフォン管７内が大気圧状態になって、この内部の水流が失われ、流入渠１内の水は、垂直堰５と溢流堰６に堰き止められるようになっている。
なお、流入サイフォン形成弁１１および流入サイフォン破壊弁１２の開閉は、制御部１５によって制御される。
When the inflow siphon forming valve 11 is opened and the inflow siphon breaking valve 12 is closed, the inside of the inflow siphon tube 7 is in a vacuum state, water flows through the inside, and the water overflowing the overflow weir 6 passes through the inflow tube 8. It flows into the filtration pond 2. When the inflow siphon forming valve 11 is closed and the inflow siphon breaking valve 12 is opened, the inside of the inflow siphon tube 7 becomes an atmospheric pressure state, and the water flow in the inside is lost. The dam 5 and the overflow dam 6 can be dammed up.
The opening and closing of the inflow siphon forming valve 11 and the inflow siphon breaking valve 12 are controlled by the control unit 15.
ろ過池２は、仕切壁２０によって排水室２１とろ過室２２とに仕切られる。ろ過室２２の内部には、排水室２１に連通する逆洗排水トラフ３０と、ろ材（例えば、アンスラサイトや珪砂）からなるろ材層４０が設けられ、このろ材層４０の下部に集水装置４１が配置される。集水装置４１は、ろ材層４０を通過したろ過水を通水するための装置であり、集水装置４１として、有孔ブロック型、ストレーナ型、多孔管型、多孔板型などの各種集水装置を用いることができる。 The filtration pond 2 is partitioned into a drainage chamber 21 and a filtration chamber 22 by a partition wall 20. Inside the filtration chamber 22, a backwash drainage trough 30 communicating with the drainage chamber 21 and a filter medium layer 40 made of a filter medium (for example, anthracite or silica sand) are provided, and a water collecting device 41 is provided below the filter medium layer 40. Is placed. The water collection device 41 is a device for passing filtered water that has passed through the filter medium layer 40. As the water collection device 41, various types of water collection such as a perforated block type, a strainer type, a porous tube type, and a porous plate type are used. An apparatus can be used.
また、ろ過池２は空気洗浄手段７１を有している。空気洗浄手段７１は空洗ブロワ、空気供給管、バルブ、散気部材等を含み、バルブを開けてブロワを駆動することで、外部の空気を、空気供給管を通じて散気部材からろ過池２内へ供給して、ろ材層４０を洗浄できるように構成されている。散気部材として最も採用される場合が多いのは空気洗浄用の有孔ブロックで、多孔管型の場合もある。なお、空洗ブロワの駆動およびバルブの開閉は制御部１５によって制御される。 Further, the filter basin 2 has an air cleaning means 71. The air washing means 71 includes an air washing blower, an air supply pipe, a valve, a diffuser member, and the like. By opening the valve and driving the blower, external air is passed from the diffuser member through the air supply pipe into the filtration tank 2. It is comprised so that the filter medium layer 40 can be wash | cleaned. Often used as a diffuser member is a perforated block for air cleaning, and may be a perforated tube type. The driving of the flushing blower and the opening / closing of the valve are controlled by the control unit 15.
このろ過池２は、そのろ材層４０の下方において、ろ過水渠３に連通する。また、集水装置４１とろ過水渠３と繋ぐ流路に連通弁７２が配置されている。この連通弁７２によって集水装置４１とろ過水渠３と繋ぐ流路の開閉を行うことが可能であり、また、開度を変更して流量を調整することもできるように構成されている。また、連通弁７２は開閉台の上に設置されたモータ７４の作用によって動作可能に構成されている。モータ７４の動作は制御部１５によって制御されており、ろ過処理を行っている時は、連通弁７２は全開とされる。
そして、ろ過水渠３は、ろ過水溢流堰４５を介してろ過水流出路４６に連通する。
The filtration pond 2 communicates with the filtered water tank 3 below the filter medium layer 40. In addition, a communication valve 72 is disposed in a flow path connecting the water collecting device 41 and the filtered water tank 3. The communication valve 72 can open and close the flow path connecting the water collecting device 41 and the filtered water tank 3, and the flow rate can be adjusted by changing the opening. The communication valve 72 is configured to be operable by the action of a motor 74 installed on the opening / closing platform. The operation of the motor 74 is controlled by the control unit 15, and the communication valve 72 is fully opened during the filtration process.
The filtered water tank 3 communicates with the filtered water outflow passage 46 via the filtered water overflow weir 45.
上記したように流入サイフォン管７を動作させることにより、流入管８からろ過池２内に水が流れ込み、当該流入水でろ過池２内の水位は上昇していく。そして、ろ過池２内の水位がろ過水溢流堰４５よりも高い位置に達した時にろ過が開始される。水はろ材層４０および集水装置４１を通過し、ろ過水渠３に流入する。ろ材層４０でろ過されたろ過水は、ろ過水溢流堰４５を溢流して、ろ過水流出路４６から外部に流出する。 By operating the inflow siphon tube 7 as described above, water flows from the inflow tube 8 into the filter basin 2, and the water level in the filter basin 2 rises due to the inflow water. Then, the filtration is started when the water level in the filtration pond 2 reaches a position higher than the filtered water overflow weir 45. The water passes through the filter medium layer 40 and the water collecting device 41 and flows into the filtered water tank 3. The filtered water filtered by the filter medium layer 40 overflows the filtered water overflow weir 45 and flows out from the filtered water outflow passage 46 to the outside.
このような本発明の装置８０におけるろ材層４０の水洗浄による洗浄について説明する。ろ過池２の排水室２１と排水流出部４は、排水手段である逆Ｕ字状の排水サイフォン管５０で繋がれており、この排水サイフォン管５０の両端部は水没するようになっている。そして、排水サイフォン管５０の頂部に、排水サイフォン形成弁６１と排水サイフォン破壊弁６２とを有する排水サイフォン形成管６０が連結される。排水サイフォン形成弁６１は、図示しない真空ポンプなどの真空源に接続されている。また、排水サイフォン形成弁６１および排水サイフォン破壊弁６２の開閉は、制御部１５によって制御される。 The cleaning by the water cleaning of the filter medium layer 40 in the apparatus 80 of the present invention will be described. The drainage chamber 21 and the drainage outflow part 4 of the filtration pond 2 are connected by an inverted U-shaped drainage siphon pipe 50 as a drainage means, and both ends of the drainage siphon pipe 50 are submerged. A drainage siphon forming pipe 60 having a drainage siphon forming valve 61 and a drainage siphon breaking valve 62 is connected to the top of the drainage siphon pipe 50. The drainage siphon forming valve 61 is connected to a vacuum source such as a vacuum pump (not shown). In addition, opening and closing of the drainage siphon forming valve 61 and the drainage siphon destruction valve 62 are controlled by the control unit 15.
排水サイフォン形成弁６１を開き、排水サイフォン破壊弁６２を閉じると、排水サイフォン管５０内が真空状態となって、この内部をろ過池２内の水が流れ、排水流出部４に導かれる。ろ過池２内の水を排水流出部４に導くことにより、一且ろ過したろ過水渠３内のろ過水が逆流する。ここで連通弁７２の開度を調整して、逆流洗浄水の流量を調整することができる。 When the drainage siphon forming valve 61 is opened and the drainage siphon breaking valve 62 is closed, the inside of the drainage siphon pipe 50 is in a vacuum state, and the water in the filtration basin 2 flows through this inside and is led to the drainage outflow part 4. By guiding the water in the filtration basin 2 to the drainage outflow part 4, the filtered water in the filtered water tank 3 that has been filtered once flows backward. Here, the flow rate of the backwash water can be adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the communication valve 72.
これにより逆流するろ過水がろ材層４０の内部を通過し、当該逆流水は、逆洗排水トラフ３０、排水室２１、および排水サイフォン管５０を通って排水流出部４内に導入される。このようにして、ろ材層４０の逆流洗浄が行われる。排水サイフォン形成弁６１を閉じた状態で、排水サイフォン破壊弁６２を開くと、排水サイフォン管５０内が大気圧状態になって、このろ過水の流れが失われる。排水流出部４に導入された排水は、排水流出渠９から外部に排水される。 As a result, the filtered water flowing back passes through the inside of the filter medium layer 40, and the backflow water is introduced into the drainage outflow portion 4 through the backwash drainage trough 30, the drainage chamber 21, and the drainage siphon pipe 50. In this manner, the backwashing of the filter medium layer 40 is performed. When the drainage siphon forming valve 61 is closed and the drainage siphon breaking valve 62 is opened, the inside of the drainage siphon pipe 50 is in an atmospheric pressure state, and the flow of this filtered water is lost. The drainage introduced into the drainage outflow portion 4 is drained to the outside from the drainage outflow trough 9.
このような本発明の装置８０において制御部１５は、空気洗浄を行わずに水洗浄のみを行う制御を行うことができる。
制御部１５における制御フローについて、図２に好適例を挙げて説明する。
制御部１５では、ろ過を開始する際にろ過タイマーをリセットし、タイマーの積算を始め、また、水洗浄のみの洗浄カウンターの積算を始める（Ｓ１）。ここでろ過タイマーおよび水洗浄のみの洗浄カウンターの設定値は任意に定めることができ、処理対象水（原水）の種類等によって適した値を設定する。ここで、水洗浄のみの洗浄カウンターは、回数をカウントする。
そして、ろ過が進行し（Ｓ２）、ろ過タイマーの積算時間が設定時間に達した場合（Ｓ３、Ｙｅｓ）、水洗浄のみの洗浄カウンターが設定値に達したか否かを判断する（Ｓ４）。そして、水洗浄のみの洗浄カウンターが設定値に達した場合（Ｓ４、Ｙｅｓ）、空気洗浄と水洗浄の併用洗浄を行い（Ｓ５）、その後、初め（Ｓ１）に戻る。一方、水洗浄のみの洗浄カウンターが設定値に達していない場合（Ｓ４、Ｎｏ）、水洗浄のみの洗浄を行い（Ｓ６）、その後、水洗浄のみの洗浄のカウンターを＋１とし、ろ過タイマーをリセットして（Ｓ７）、ろ過工程（Ｓ２）へ戻る。
制御部１５は、例えばこのような制御フローを備えるので、空気洗浄を行わない制御を行うことができる。
In such an apparatus 80 of the present invention, the control unit 15 can perform control to perform only water cleaning without performing air cleaning.
A control flow in the control unit 15 will be described with reference to FIG.
The control unit 15 resets the filtration timer when the filtration is started, starts the integration of the timer, and starts the integration of the cleaning counter for only the water cleaning (S1). Here, the set values of the filtration timer and the washing counter for only water washing can be arbitrarily determined, and values suitable for the type of water to be treated (raw water) are set. Here, the washing counter only for water washing counts the number of times.
Then, when the filtration proceeds (S2) and the accumulated time of the filtration timer reaches the set time (S3, Yes), it is determined whether or not the washing counter for only water washing has reached the set value (S4). When the cleaning counter for water cleaning only reaches the set value (S4, Yes), the combined cleaning of air cleaning and water cleaning is performed (S5), and then the process returns to the beginning (S1). On the other hand, if the washing counter for water washing only does not reach the set value (S4, No), washing only for water washing is performed (S6), and then the washing counter for water washing only is set to +1 and the filtration timer is reset. (S7) and return to the filtration step (S2).
Since the control unit 15 includes such a control flow, for example, control without air cleaning can be performed.
また制御部１５は、予定したろ過継続時間よりも短い時間で、ろ過池内の水位がろ過継続が可能な限界の水位に到達した場合に、空気洗浄を行わずに水洗浄のみを行う制御をすることが好ましい。
このような制御を行うことができる制御部１５の制御フローについて、図３に好適例を挙げて説明する。
制御部１５では、ろ過を開始する際にろ過タイマーをリセットし、タイマーの積算を始める（Ｓ１１）。ここでろ過タイマーの設定時間は任意に定めることができ、処理対象水（原水）の種類等によって適した時間を設定する。
そして、ろ過が進行し（Ｓ１２）、ろ過タイマーのカウントが設定時間に達した場合（Ｓ１３、Ｙｅｓ）、空気洗浄と水洗浄の併用洗浄を行い（Ｓ１４）、初め（Ｓ１１）に戻る。また、ろ過タイマーのカウントが設定時間に達していない場合（Ｓ１３、Ｎｏ）は、池内水位がろ過可能限界水位に達したか否かをチェックし（Ｓ１５）、達していない場合（Ｎｏ）はろ過工程を継続し、達した場合（Ｙｅｓ）は水洗のみの水洗浄を行い（Ｓ１６）、初め（Ｓ１１）へ戻る。
制御部１５がこのような制御フローを備えると、予定したろ過継続時間よりも短い時間で、池内水位がろ過可能限界水位に到達した場合に、空気洗浄を行わずに水洗浄のみを行う制御を行うことができて好ましい。
Moreover, the control part 15 performs control which performs only water washing | cleaning, without performing air washing | cleaning, when the water level in a filtration pond reaches the limit water level in which filtration continuation is possible in the time shorter than the scheduled filtration continuation time. It is preferable.
A control flow of the control unit 15 capable of performing such control will be described with reference to a suitable example in FIG.
In the control part 15, when starting filtration, a filtration timer is reset and integration of a timer is started (S11). Here, the set time of the filtration timer can be arbitrarily determined, and a suitable time is set depending on the type of water to be treated (raw water).
Then, when the filtration proceeds (S12) and the count of the filtration timer reaches the set time (S13, Yes), the combined cleaning of air cleaning and water cleaning is performed (S14), and the process returns to the beginning (S11). In addition, when the count of the filtration timer has not reached the set time (S13, No), it is checked whether or not the water level in the pond has reached the filterable limit water level (S15), and if not reached (No), the filtration is performed. If the process is continued and reached (Yes), only water washing is performed (S16), and the process returns to the beginning (S11).
When the control unit 15 has such a control flow, when the water level in the pond reaches the filterable limit water level in a time shorter than the scheduled filtration continuation time, the control is performed to perform only water cleaning without performing air cleaning. It can be performed and is preferable.
本発明の装置について、別の好適例を挙げて説明する。
図４は、本発明の装置の別の好適態様を示す概略断面図である。
図４において本発明の装置８１は、ろ層８２に処理対象水（原水８３）を通過させてろ過するバルブ式ろ過装置であって、汚濁物質を除去するろ材８４と、ろ材８４を支える支持層８５と、その下方に配置される集水装置８６と、ろ層の洗浄を行うための水洗浄手段８７および空気洗浄手段８８と、制御部８９とを備える。
The apparatus of the present invention will be described with another preferred example.
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing another preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
In FIG. 4, the device 81 of the present invention is a valve-type filtration device that passes the water to be treated (raw water 83) through the filter layer 82 and performs filtration, and includes a filter medium 84 that removes contaminants and a support layer that supports the filter medium 84. 85, a water collecting device 86 disposed below the water collecting device 86, a water cleaning unit 87 and an air cleaning unit 88 for cleaning the filter layer, and a control unit 89.
ここで、ろ層８２はろ材８４（例えば、アンスラサイトや珪砂）が処理槽９０内に充填されてなるものであり、支持層８５は細かい砂利等が処理槽９０内に充填されてなるものである。また、支持層８５の下部に配置される集水装置８６は、ろ層８２を通過したろ過水を通水するための装置である。集水装置として有孔ブロック型、ストレーナ型、多孔管型、多孔板型などの各種集水装置を用いることができる。また、集水装置８６には後述する水洗浄手段８７および空気洗浄手段８８が接続されている。 Here, the filter layer 82 is formed by filling the treatment tank 90 with a filter medium 84 (for example, anthracite or silica sand), and the support layer 85 is formed by filling the treatment tank 90 with fine gravel or the like. is there. The water collecting device 86 disposed below the support layer 85 is a device for passing filtered water that has passed through the filter layer 82. As the water collecting device, various water collecting devices such as a perforated block type, a strainer type, a perforated pipe type, and a perforated plate type can be used. Further, a water cleaning means 87 and an air cleaning means 88 described later are connected to the water collecting device 86.
そして、処理槽９０内へ、その上部から原水供給管９１を通じて原水８３を供給し、下降流にて、その内部に充填されたろ材８４からなるろ層８２を通過させることによってろ過し、下部から処理水９２として流出するように構成されている。また、排水は排水弁および配管を含む排水手段９３から排出されるように構成されている。なお、排水弁の開閉は制御部８９によって制御される。 Then, the raw water 83 is supplied into the treatment tank 90 from the upper part thereof through the raw water supply pipe 91, and is filtered by passing through the filter layer 82 made of the filter medium 84 filled therein in the downward flow. It is configured to flow out as treated water 92. Further, the drainage is configured to be discharged from drainage means 93 including a drainage valve and piping. The opening and closing of the drain valve is controlled by the control unit 89.
水洗浄手段８７は、逆洗部材、逆洗用弁、洗浄水供給管および逆洗ポンプを備える。逆洗部材は多くの場合、集水装置８６であって、洗浄水供給管を介して逆洗ポンプと繋がっていて、逆洗用弁を開け、逆洗ポンプを駆動させることで、外部から洗浄水を洗浄水供給管を通じて、逆洗部材から処理槽９０内へ供給して、ろ材８４を洗浄できるように構成されている。 The water washing means 87 includes a back washing member, a back washing valve, a washing water supply pipe, and a back washing pump. In many cases, the backwashing member is a water collecting device 86, which is connected to the backwashing pump through the washing water supply pipe, opens the backwashing valve, and drives the backwashing pump to wash from the outside. The filter medium 84 can be cleaned by supplying water from the backwash member into the treatment tank 90 through the cleaning water supply pipe.
空気洗浄手段８８は、散気部材、空洗用空気弁、空気供給管および空洗ブロワを備える。散気部材は多くの場合、集水装置８６であって、空気供給管を介して空洗ブロワと繋がっていて、空洗用空気弁を開け、空洗ブロワを駆動することで、外部の空気を空気供給管を通じて、散気部材から処理槽９０内へ供給して、ろ材８４を洗浄できるように構成されている。 The air cleaning means 88 includes an air diffusing member, an air washing air valve, an air supply pipe, and an air washing blower. In many cases, the air diffuser is a water collecting device 86, which is connected to an air washing blower via an air supply pipe, opens an air washing air valve, and drives the air washing blower so that external air Is supplied from the diffuser member into the treatment tank 90 through the air supply pipe, and the filter medium 84 can be washed.
制御部８９は、空気洗浄手段８８における空洗ブロワおよび水洗浄手段８７における逆洗ポンプの駆動または停止、ならびに各弁の開閉を制御することができるように構成されている。 The control unit 89 is configured to be able to control the driving or stopping of the air washing blower in the air washing means 88 and the backwash pump in the water washing means 87 and the opening and closing of each valve.
このような本発明の装置８１において制御部８９は、空気洗浄を省略する制御を行うことができる。
制御部８９における制御フローは、前述の図２を用いて説明した好適例と同様であってよい。
In such an apparatus 81 of the present invention, the control unit 89 can perform control to omit air cleaning.
The control flow in the control unit 89 may be the same as the preferred example described with reference to FIG.
また制御部８９は、ろ過池内の水位がろ過の可能な限界の水位に到達した場合に、空気洗浄を省略した水洗浄のみを行う制御をすることが好ましい。
このような制御を行うことができる制御部１５は前述の図３を用いて説明した好適例と同様であってよい。
Moreover, it is preferable that the control part 89 performs control which performs only the water washing which abbreviate | omitted air washing | cleaning, when the water level in a filtration pond reaches the limit water level which can be filtered.
The control unit 15 capable of performing such control may be the same as the preferred example described with reference to FIG.
本発明は、主に凝集沈殿池の後に設置される、通常の急速ろ過池において使用されるが、オゾンや活性炭吸着池を通した後に設置される後ろ過池で使用することも可能である。後ろ過池の場合は、前段の処理で大部分の濁質が除去されているため、濁質負荷が低い。このように濁質負荷が低いろ過池において、本発明は更に効果を発揮する。濁質負荷が低いため、毎回の洗浄で空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用する洗浄を行わなくても、十分にろ層の再生が可能なためである。
本発明は、重力式のろ過装置に限らず、圧力式のろ過装置に用いても良い。
The present invention is mainly used in a normal rapid filtration basin installed after a coagulation sedimentation basin, but can also be used in a post filtration basin installed after passing through ozone or an activated carbon adsorption pond. In the case of the post-filtration pond, the turbidity load is low because most of the turbidity has been removed by the previous treatment. In such a filtration pond having a low turbidity load, the present invention further exhibits the effect. This is because the turbidity load is low, so that the filtration layer can be sufficiently regenerated without performing cleaning using both air cleaning and water cleaning in each cleaning.
The present invention is not limited to a gravity filtration device, and may be used for a pressure filtration device.
次に本発明の方法について説明する。
図１、図４に好適態様を挙げて説明した本発明の装置を用いると、水道水を生産するためのろ過池の洗浄方法であって、空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用する洗浄を実施した後、次の該併用洗浄を実施するまでの間に、空気洗浄を行わずに水洗浄のみの洗浄を行うことができる。すなわち、本発明の方法を行うことができる。
Next, the method of the present invention will be described.
1 and FIG. 4, the apparatus of the present invention described with reference to the preferred embodiment is a method for cleaning a filtration pond for producing tap water, after performing cleaning using both air cleaning and water cleaning. Until the next combined cleaning is performed, only water cleaning can be performed without air cleaning. That is, the method of the present invention can be performed.
また、本発明の方法では、通常の洗浄として、空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄を実施した後、次の空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄を実施するまでの間隔を８００時間以内とすることが好ましい。この間隔は２４〜２４０時間とすることがより好ましい。 Further, in the method of the present invention, as a normal cleaning, after performing cleaning using a combination of air cleaning and water cleaning, the interval until the next cleaning using a combination of air cleaning and water cleaning is performed is within 800 hours. It is preferable. This interval is more preferably 24 to 240 hours.
さらに、本発明の方法では、予定したろ過継続時間よりも短い時間で、ろ過池内の水位がろ過の可能な限界の水位に到達した場合に、水洗浄のみの洗浄を行うことが好ましい。このような好ましい本発明の方法は、図３に示したフローの制御を行うことができる制御部を備える本発明の装置を用いて実施することができる。 Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, when the water level in the filter basin reaches a limit level that allows filtration in a time shorter than the scheduled filtration duration, it is preferable to perform only water washing. Such a preferable method of the present invention can be carried out using the apparatus of the present invention provided with a control unit capable of controlling the flow shown in FIG.
本発明において、水洗時間は、ろ層内から効率よく濁質を排出できる時間を任意に設定すれば良く、制限はないが、洗浄効率と洗浄排水量の兼ね合いから、通水する洗浄水高さが、好ましくはろ層高さの最大２０倍、より好ましくは５．１〜１５．３倍、さらに好ましくは、６．９〜１３．２倍である。そして、洗浄排水の排出部の位置関係も考慮して洗浄時間を決定すると良い。ここで、洗浄水高さは洗浄ＬＶに洗浄時間を乗じることで求められる。 In the present invention, the water washing time may be arbitrarily set as long as the turbidity can be efficiently discharged from the filter bed, and is not limited. The maximum height of the filter layer is preferably 20 times, more preferably 5.1 to 15.3 times, and still more preferably 6.9 to 13.2 times. And it is good to determine cleaning time also considering the positional relationship of the discharge part of cleaning waste_water | drain. Here, the washing water height is obtained by multiplying the washing LV by the washing time.
また、水洗浄を行うときの通常洗浄の線速度は最大２．０ｍ／ｍｉｎであることが好ましく、０．３〜０．９ｍ／ｍｉｎであることがより好ましく、０．６〜０．８ｍ／ｍｉｎであることがさらに好ましい。さらに通常洗浄水の後には、剥離した濁度をすすぎだすためのスローダウン洗浄を行うことが望ましい。スローダウン洗浄は、通常洗浄より遅い速度で洗浄する。線速度は、最大０．３ｍ／ｍｉｎであることが望ましく、０．１〜０．２ｍ／ｍｉｎであることがさらに好ましい。 Further, the linear velocity of normal cleaning when performing water cleaning is preferably 2.0 m / min at the maximum, more preferably 0.3 to 0.9 m / min, and 0.6 to 0.8 m / min. More preferably, it is min. Furthermore, it is desirable to perform slow-down cleaning for rinsing the separated turbidity after the normal cleaning water. Slow-down cleaning is performed at a slower rate than normal cleaning. The linear velocity is desirably 0.3 m / min at the maximum, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.2 m / min.
また、水洗浄を行うときの洗浄時間は０〜２０分であることが好ましく、５〜１０分であることがより好ましく、５〜８分であることがさらに好ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable that the washing | cleaning time when performing water washing | cleaning is 0 to 20 minutes, It is more preferable that it is 5 to 10 minutes, It is further more preferable that it is 5 to 8 minutes.
水洗浄は定期的に行っても良いが、通水抵抗を根拠にして実施しても良い。通水抵抗の値に制限は無いが、通水抵抗で設定する場合は、水位をもとにするのが良く、通水開始時の水位に対して、好ましくは０〜５０００ｍｍ、より好ましくは１０００〜２０００ｍｍ、さらに好ましくは１５００〜２０００ｍｍ上昇した時点で実施するのが効果的である。 Water washing may be performed periodically, but may be performed on the basis of resistance to water flow. There is no restriction on the value of water flow resistance, but when setting with water flow resistance, the water level should be based on the water level at the start of water flow, preferably 0 to 5000 mm, more preferably 1000. It is effective to carry out at the time when it is increased to ˜2000 mm, more preferably 1500 to 2,000 mm.
なお、通常の洗浄としての空気洗浄における洗浄時間、線速度、洗浄時間等の洗浄条件は従来公知の範囲であってよい。 In addition, cleaning conditions such as cleaning time, linear velocity, and cleaning time in air cleaning as normal cleaning may be within a conventionally known range.
本発明において用いられるろ材は例えば従来公知のものを用いることができる。具体的には、砂、木炭、活性炭やアンスラサイト、珪砂、ガーネット、樹脂成型物、スポンジなどを用いることができる。
ろ材の仕様にも限定はないが、例えば、ろ材の有効径や均等係数で示すと、本発明の効果が顕著に現れるのは、有効径：０．３〜２ｍｍ、均等係数：１．０〜２．０のろ材である。
ここで有効径とは、ふるいわけ試験において、粒径累積曲線での１０％通過径をｍｍ単位で表したものであり、ＪＩＳ Ｋ １４７４（２００７年）に規定される方法で測定される値を意味するものとする。
また、均等係数とは、ふるいわけ試験において、粒径累積曲線での６０％通過径（ｄ60）と１０％通過径（ｄ10）との比（ｄ60／ｄ10）であり、ＪＩＳ Ｋ １４７４（２００７年）に規定される方法で測定される値を意味するものとする。
なお、均等係数の下限は１．０である。
For example, a conventionally known filter medium can be used in the present invention. Specifically, sand, charcoal, activated carbon, anthracite, silica sand, garnet, resin molding, sponge, and the like can be used.
Although there is no limitation on the specification of the filter medium, for example, when the effective diameter of the filter medium and the uniformity coefficient are indicated, the effect of the present invention is remarkably exhibited. Effective diameter: 0.3 to 2 mm, equality coefficient: 1.0 to 2.0 filter media.
Here, the effective diameter is a 10% passing diameter in the cumulative particle diameter curve expressed in mm in the screening test, and is a value measured by the method defined in JIS K 1474 (2007). Shall mean.
Further, the uniformity coefficient is a ratio (d 60 / d 10 ) between 60% passage diameter (d 60 ) and 10% passage diameter (d 10 ) in the particle size accumulation curve in the screening test. It shall mean a value measured by the method specified in 1474 (2007).
The lower limit of the uniformity coefficient is 1.0.
本発明では、ろ層が複層であることが好ましい。具体的には砂とアンスラサイトとを含むろ層であることが好ましい。この場合に、本発明の効果をより発揮する。 In the present invention, the filter layer is preferably a multilayer. Specifically, a filter layer containing sand and anthracite is preferable. In this case, the effect of the present invention is more exhibited.
本発明は、浄水場のろ過池に適用する。ただし、上水分野で用いられる生物活性炭ろ過池に適用することは好ましくない。 The present invention is applied to a filtration pond of a water purification plant. However, it is not preferable to apply it to biological activated carbon filtration ponds used in the water supply field.
本発明について実施例を用いて説明する。本発明は以下の実施例に限定されない。 The present invention will be described using examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples.
初めに通常の洗浄としての空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄を行い、その後、定期的に、空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄を行った場合と水洗浄のみの洗浄を行った場合とについて、ろ坑およびろ過水濁度を比較する実験を行った。 First of all, cleaning using both air cleaning and water cleaning as normal cleaning, and then periodically cleaning using both air cleaning and water cleaning and cleaning using only water cleaning Experiments were conducted to compare the filter mine and filtered water turbidity.
実験に用いた装置について図５を用いて説明する。図５は、実験装置の概略図である。
図５に示す実験装置１００は２つのろ過塔（ろ過塔１、ろ過塔２）を有しており、同一の原水を同時に供給することができるように構成されている。
The apparatus used for the experiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus.
The experimental apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 5 has two filtration towers (a filtration tower 1 and a filtration tower 2), and is configured so that the same raw water can be supplied simultaneously.
実験装置１００は原水槽１１０、ろ過塔１（１０１）、ろ過塔２（１０２）、ろ過水槽１２０および洗浄排水槽１３０を有している。そして、実験装置１００は原水槽１１０に貯留されている原水１１２が、原水ポンプ１１４の作用によって配管１１６を通って、ろ過塔１（１０１）およびろ過塔２（１０２）に供給され、ろ過塔１（１０１）およびろ過塔２（１０２）の内部のろ層１０３、１０４を上から下へ向かって通過することでろ過され、下部から流出し、ろ過水ライン１１８を通ってろ過水槽１２０へ到達するように構成されている。 The experimental apparatus 100 includes a raw water tank 110, a filtration tower 1 (101), a filtration tower 2 (102), a filtration water tank 120, and a washing drain tank 130. In the experimental apparatus 100, the raw water 112 stored in the raw water tank 110 is supplied to the filtration tower 1 (101) and the filtration tower 2 (102) through the pipe 116 by the action of the raw water pump 114. (101) and filtered by passing through the filter layers 103 and 104 inside the filtration tower 2 (102) from the top to the bottom, flowing out from the bottom, and passing through the filtrate line 118 to the filtrate tank 120. It is configured as follows.
ここでろ過塔１（１０１）およびろ過塔２（１０２）は、それらの下部から空気を供給してろ層を空気洗浄するための構成（空洗用ブロワ１０５および配管等）を有している。また、それらの下部からろ過水槽１２０に貯留されているろ過水１２２を供給して、ろ層を水洗浄するための構成（逆洗ポンプ１１９および逆洗ライン１０７等）を有している。
さらに、ろ過塔１（１０１）およびろ過塔２（１０２）は、それらの上部に、内部を水洗浄することで発生した洗浄排水を洗浄排水槽１３０へ向けて排出するための洗浄排水ライン１２５を有している。また、上部に表洗するための構成（表洗管１０８等）を有している。
Here, the filtration tower 1 (101) and the filtration tower 2 (102) have a configuration (air washing blower 105, piping, and the like) for supplying air from their lower portions to air-wash the filter layer. Moreover, it has the structure (backwash pump 119, backwash line 107 grade | etc.,) For supplying the filtrate 122 stored in the filtrate tank 120 from those lower parts, and carrying out the water washing of the filter layer.
Furthermore, the filtration tower 1 (101) and the filtration tower 2 (102) have a washing drainage line 125 for discharging the washing wastewater generated by washing the inside with water to the washing drainage tank 130 at the upper part thereof. Have. Moreover, it has the structure (surface washing pipe | tube 108 grade | etc.,) For surface washing at the upper part.
このような実験装置１００を用いて原水１１２をろ過処理した。そして、ろ過塔１（１０１）およびろ過塔２（１０２）について、同時に通常の洗浄としての空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄を行った。その後、ろ過塔１（１０１）については、通常の空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄を行い、一方、ろ過塔２（１０２）については、水洗浄のみの洗浄を行って、各々のろ過塔のろ坑およびろ過水濁度を常時測定して比較した。ここでろ坑は、ろ層１０３、１０４の表面付近に設置したろ坑計１０６（マノメーター）によって測定した。また、ろ過水濁度は各々のろ過塔のろ過水流出管に濁度計を設置して測定した。 The raw water 112 was filtered using such an experimental apparatus 100. And about the filtration tower 1 (101) and the filtration tower 2 (102), the washing | cleaning which used the air washing | cleaning and water washing | cleaning as normal washing | cleaning simultaneously was performed simultaneously. Thereafter, the filtration tower 1 (101) is washed using both normal air washing and water washing, while the filtration tower 2 (102) is washed only with water washing, Filter pits and filtered water turbidity were constantly measured and compared. Here, the filter mine was measured by a filter mine meter 106 (manometer) installed near the surface of the filter layers 103 and 104. Further, the filtrate turbidity was measured by installing a turbidimeter in the filtrate outlet pipe of each filtration tower.
実験条件の詳細を以下に記す。
・原水：ダム水を凝集沈殿処理した水
・原水濁度：０．０５〜０．３２度
・ろ層構成：アンスラサイト２００ｍｍ＋珪砂４００ｍｍ
・ろ過速度：３６０ｍ／ｄ
・洗浄間隔：４８時間毎
・ろ過塔１における洗浄条件：空水洗（空気洗浄０．８ｍ／ｍｉｎ＋水洗浄０．２ｍ／ｍｉｎ）３分→水洗（水洗浄０．６ｍ／ｍｉｎ）８分
・ろ過塔２における洗浄条件：水洗（水洗浄０．２ｍ／ｍｉｎ）３分→水洗（水洗浄０．６ｍ／ｍｉｎ）８分
・総ろ過時間：８００時間
Details of the experimental conditions are described below.
-Raw water: Water obtained by coagulating and precipitating dam water-Raw water turbidity: 0.05-0.32 degrees-Filter layer structure: Anthracite 200 mm + Silica sand 400 mm
-Filtration speed: 360 m / d
・ Washing interval: every 48 hours ・ Washing conditions in the filtration tower 1: air-washing (air washing 0.8 m / min + water washing 0.2 m / min) 3 minutes → water washing (water washing 0.6 m / min) 8 minutes Washing condition in tower 2: Washing with water (water washing 0.2 m / min) 3 minutes → Washing with water (water washing 0.6 m / min) 8 minutes Total filtration time: 800 hours
ろ坑およびろ過水濁度の測定結果を図６および図７に示す。
総ろ過時間８００時間においては、空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄を行う洗浄（図６、図７および後述する図８において「空気洗浄あり」と記す）（ろ過塔１）でも、水洗浄のみの洗浄（図６、図７および後述する図８において「空気洗浄なし」と記す）（ろ過塔２）でも、ろ抗の推移は同等であり、ろ過水質においても顕著な差は確認できなかった。
このことから、空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄から次の空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄までの間隔が、少なくとも８００時間においては、その間、水洗浄のみの洗浄だけを実施しても、ろ抗の推移およびろ過水質の観点からは十分にろ層の洗浄が成されていることが分かる。
したがって、本発明の場合（ろ過塔２において行った操作が相当）、通常の洗浄としての空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄の他に、空気洗浄を省いた、水洗浄のみの洗浄を行うことができるので、洗浄時間の短縮と洗浄に用いるエネルギーの縮減を図る事ができ、（１）急激な原水水質悪化によって予定外のろ過池の閉塞が生じても水道水生産計画への影響を最小限に抑えることができ、また、（２）浄水場の効率的な運用に資することができる。
The measurement results of the filter mine and filtered water turbidity are shown in FIGS.
In the total filtration time of 800 hours, even in the case of cleaning that uses both air cleaning and water cleaning (referred to as “with air cleaning” in FIGS. 6 and 7 and FIG. 8 to be described later) (filtration tower 1), only water cleaning is performed. 6 (FIG. 6, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 to be described later will be referred to as “no air cleaning”) (filter tower 2), the transition of the filter resistance is the same, and no significant difference in the filter water quality could be confirmed. .
From this, the interval from the cleaning using both air cleaning and water cleaning to the next cleaning using both air cleaning and water cleaning is at least 800 hours, during which only water cleaning only is performed. It can be seen that the filtration layer is sufficiently washed from the viewpoint of the transition of filtration resistance and the quality of filtered water.
Therefore, in the case of the present invention (corresponding to the operation performed in the filtration tower 2), in addition to cleaning using both air cleaning and water cleaning as normal cleaning, cleaning with only water cleaning is performed without air cleaning. Therefore, the cleaning time can be shortened and the energy used for cleaning can be reduced. (1) Even if the unplanned filtration pond clogging occurs due to sudden deterioration of raw water quality, the influence on the tap water production plan is minimized. And (2) can contribute to the efficient operation of the water treatment plant.
次に、ろ過塔１およびろ過塔２の各々について、総ろ過時間８００時間後に、下記の第１表に示す条件で３回の洗浄を連続して実施した場合の、洗浄による濁質排出量を測定した。結果を第２表および図８に示す。 Next, for each of the filtration tower 1 and the filtration tower 2, the turbidity discharge amount by washing when the washing is continuously performed three times under the conditions shown in Table 1 below after a total filtration time of 800 hours. It was measured. The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG.
第２表および図８に示す通り、空気洗浄を省いた、水洗浄のみの洗浄で８００時間ろ過を継続した場合は、ろ抗の推移やろ過水質への影響は無いものの、水洗浄のみでは除去することのできなかった濁質がろ層に蓄積されていたことが分かる。これは、十分にろ層を洗浄することを目的として行った３回目の洗浄での濁質排出量が、水洗浄のみの洗浄を繰り返したろ過塔２で多かったことから判断できる。したがって、適切な間隔で空気洗浄と水洗浄を併用した洗浄を実施することは必要なものの、総ろ過時間８００時間程度では、ろ抗の推移やろ過水質への影響は現れないことが分かった。 As shown in Table 2 and Fig. 8, when filtration is continued for 800 hours with only water washing without air washing, there is no change in filter resistance or influence on the quality of filtered water, but it is removed only with water washing. It can be seen that turbidity that could not be accumulated in the filter bed. This can be judged from the fact that the amount of turbidity discharged in the third washing performed for the purpose of sufficiently washing the filter layer was large in the filtration tower 2 in which washing with only water washing was repeated. Therefore, although it is necessary to carry out washing using both air washing and water washing at appropriate intervals, it was found that there is no change in filter resistance and no influence on the filtered water quality when the total filtration time is about 800 hours.
１：流入渠、２：ろ過池、３：ろ過水渠、４：排水流出部、５：垂直堰、６：溢流堰、７：流入サイフォン管、８：流入管、９：排水流出渠、１０：流入サイフォン形成管、１１：流入サイフォン形成弁、１２：流入サイフォン破壊弁、１５：制御部、２０：仕切壁、２１：排水室、２２：ろ過室、３０：逆洗排水トラフ、４０：ろ材層、４１：集水装置、４５：ろ過水溢流堰、４６：ろ過水流出路、５０：排水サイフォン管、６０：排水サイフォン形成管、６１：排水サイフォン形成弁、６２：排水サイフォン破壊弁、７１：空気洗浄手段、７２：連通弁、７４：モータ、８０：本発明の装置、８１：本発明の装置、８２：ろ層、８３：原水、８４：ろ材、８５：支持層、８６：集水装置、８７：水洗浄手段、８８：空気洗浄手段、８９：制御部、９０：処理槽、９１：原水供給管、９２：処理水、９３：排水手段、１００：実験装置、１１０：原水槽、１０１：ろ過塔１、１０２：ろ過塔２、１０３：ろ層、１０４：ろ層、１０５：空洗用ブロワ、１０６：ろ坑計、１０７：逆洗ライン、１０８：表洗管、１１０：原水槽、１１２：原水、１１４：原水ポンプ、１１６：配管、１１８：ろ過水ライン、１１９：逆洗ポンプ、１２０：ろ過水槽、１２２：ろ過水、１２５：洗浄排水ライン、１３０：洗浄排水槽 1: Inflow trough, 2: Filtration basin, 3: Filter drainage trough, 4: Drainage outflow section, 5: Vertical weir, 6: Overflow weir, 7: Inflow siphon pipe, 8: Inflow pipe, 9: Drainage outflow trough, 10 : Inflow siphon forming pipe, 11: Inflow siphon forming valve, 12: Inflow siphon breaking valve, 15: Control unit, 20: Partition wall, 21: Drainage chamber, 22: Filtration chamber, 30: Backwash drainage trough, 40: Filter medium Layer: 41: Water collecting device, 45: Filtration water overflow weir, 46: Filtration water outflow channel, 50: Drain siphon pipe, 60: Drain siphon formation pipe, 61: Drain siphon formation valve, 62: Drain siphon destruction valve, 71 : Air cleaning means, 72: communication valve, 74: motor, 80: device of the present invention, 81: device of the present invention, 82: filter layer, 83: raw water, 84: filter medium, 85: support layer, 86: water collection Apparatus, 87: water washing means, 88: air washing means, 89: Mibe, 90: treatment tank, 91: raw water supply pipe, 92: treated water, 93: drainage means, 100: experimental apparatus, 110: raw water tank, 101: filtration tower 1, 102: filtration tower 2, 103: filtration layer 104: Filtration bed, 105: Blower for air washing, 106: Filtration pit, 107: Back washing line, 108: Surface washing pipe, 110: Raw water tank, 112: Raw water, 114: Raw water pump, 116: Piping, 118 : Filtration water line, 119: Backwash pump, 120: Filtration water tank, 122: Filtration water, 125: Washing drainage line, 130: Washing drainage tank
Claims (6)
空気洗浄と水を用いた逆流洗浄とを併用して前記ろ層の内部まで侵入した懸濁物を除去するための併用洗浄を実施した後に、ろ過処理を行い、該ろ過処理後に、次の該併用洗浄を実施することを含み、
前記併用洗浄を実施した後、次の該併用洗浄が実施されるまでのろ過継続時間の間に、空気洗浄を行わずに水を用いた逆流洗浄のみの洗浄を行うことを特徴とするろ過池の洗浄方法。 A method for cleaning a filter basin for water purification, wherein at least sand is contained in a plurality of filter media constituting the filter layer of the filter pond,
After performing the combination washing to remove suspended matter having intruded in combination with backwashing with air cleaning and water to the interior of the filtration layer was filtered process, after the filtration treatment, the following Performing the combined cleaning ,
The filtration basin is characterized in that, after performing the combined cleaning, during the filtration continuation time until the next combined cleaning is performed , the cleaning is performed only by back-flow cleaning using water without performing air cleaning. Cleaning method.
（１）前記空気洗浄を行った後に前記水を用いた逆流洗浄を行う処理、(1) A process of performing back-flow cleaning using the water after the air cleaning,
（２）前記空気洗浄と前記水を用いた逆流洗浄とを同時に行う空気・水同時洗浄の後に、水を用いた逆流洗浄を行う処理、(2) A process of performing backflow cleaning using water after simultaneous air / water cleaning in which the air cleaning and the backflow cleaning using water are performed simultaneously;
（３）前記空気洗浄を行った後に、前記空気・水同時洗浄を行い、その後に水を用いた逆流洗浄を行う処理。(3) A process of performing the air / water simultaneous cleaning after the air cleaning, and then performing a back-flow cleaning using water.
前記ろ層に対し、水を用いた逆流洗浄を行う水洗浄手段と、
前記空気洗浄と水を用いた逆流洗浄を併用して前記ろ層の内部まで侵入した懸濁物を除去するための併用洗浄を行うか、あるいは、該併用洗浄後、次の該併用洗浄を実施するまでのろ過継続時間の間に水を用いた逆流洗浄のみの洗浄を行うかを選択可能な制御を行う制御部を有することを特徴とする水処理装置。 An air cleaning means comprising a plurality of filter media as a filter layer of the filtration pond for water purification, and performing air cleaning by blowing air into a filter layer containing at least sand in the filter media;
With respect to the filtration layer, and a water cleaning means for performing reverse flow washing with water,
Perform combined cleaning to remove suspended matter that has penetrated to the inside of the filter layer by using the air cleaning and back-flow cleaning using water , or after the combined cleaning , perform the next combined cleaning. A water treatment apparatus comprising a control unit that performs control capable of selecting whether or not to perform only back-flow washing using water during a filtration continuation time until completion .
前記ろ過池内に設けられ、ろ層を構成する複数のろ材に少なくとも砂が含まれているろ層と、
前記ろ過池に設けられ、外部の空気を空気供給管を介して前記ろ層に空気を吹き込んで前記ろ層の空気洗浄を行う空気洗浄手段と、
前記排水サイフォン管を介して前記ろ過池内の水を前記排水流出部に流すことにより前記ろ過池でろ過された前記ろ過水渠内のろ過水を逆流させ、前記ろ層に対し、水を用いた逆流洗浄を行う水洗浄手段と、
前記空気洗浄手段の空気供給管の通気及び前記排水サイフォン管の通水を制御して、前記空気洗浄と前記水を用いた逆流洗浄を併用して前記ろ層の内部まで侵入した懸濁物を除去するための併用洗浄を行うか、あるいは、該併用洗浄後、次の該併用洗浄を実施するまでのろ過継続時間の間に水を用いた逆流洗浄のみの洗浄を行うかを選択可能な制御を行う制御部と、
を有することを特徴とするろ過池の水処理装置。 In a water treatment device for a filtration basin comprising a filtered water tank, a drainage outflow part, and a drainage siphon pipe that guides the water in the filtration basin to the drainage outflow part,
A filter layer that is provided in the filtration basin and includes at least sand in a plurality of filter media constituting the filter layer;
An air cleaning means provided in the filtration basin, for blowing air into the filter layer through external air through an air supply pipe to perform air cleaning of the filter layer;
By flowing the water in the filtration basin through the drainage siphon pipe to the drainage outflow part, the filtered water in the filtered water tank filtered by the filtration basin is caused to flow backward , and the reverse flow using water is applied to the filtration layer. a water cleaning means for performing washing,
By controlling the ventilation of the air supply pipe of the air cleaning means and the water flow of the drainage siphon pipe, the suspension that has penetrated into the inside of the filter layer using the air cleaning and the backflow cleaning using the water together Control to select whether to perform combined cleaning to remove or only back-flow cleaning using water during the filtration duration after the combined cleaning until the next combined cleaning is performed A control unit for performing
A water treatment device for a filtration pond characterized by comprising:
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