JP7401233B2 - 焼結摩擦材及び焼結摩擦材の製造方法 - Google Patents
焼結摩擦材及び焼結摩擦材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7401233B2 JP7401233B2 JP2019174044A JP2019174044A JP7401233B2 JP 7401233 B2 JP7401233 B2 JP 7401233B2 JP 2019174044 A JP2019174044 A JP 2019174044A JP 2019174044 A JP2019174044 A JP 2019174044A JP 7401233 B2 JP7401233 B2 JP 7401233B2
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- Prior art keywords
- titanate
- sintered friction
- friction material
- copper
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- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 alkali metal titanate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OBTSLRFPKIKXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium potassium Chemical compound [Li].[K] OBTSLRFPKIKXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SWHAQEYMVUEVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium potassium Chemical compound [Mg].[K] SWHAQEYMVUEVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metatitanate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Ti](=O)O[Ti](=O)O[Ti]([O-])=O GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WEUCVIBPSSMHJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ca+2].[Ti+4] WEUCVIBPSSMHJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007582 slurry-cast process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62625—Wet mixtures
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
- C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D49/00—Brakes with a braking member co-operating with the periphery of a drum, wheel-rim, or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
- C04B2235/3234—Titanates, not containing zirconia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3258—Tungsten oxides, tungstates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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Description
<1>銅成分の含有量が0.5質量%以下であり、
マトリックスとして、銅以外の金属材料及びチタン酸塩を含有し、
前記銅以外の金属材料の含有量が10.0~34.0体積%である、焼結摩擦材。
<2>前記チタン酸塩が、チタン酸アルカリ金属塩、チタン酸アルカリ土類金属塩及びチタン酸複合塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の塩を含有する、<1>に記載の焼結摩擦材。
<3>前記チタン酸塩が、チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸ナトリウム、チタン酸カルシウム、チタン酸リチウムカリウム及びチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の塩を含有する、<1>又は<2>に記載の焼結摩擦材。
<4>前記銅以外の金属材料が鉄系材料を含有し、前記鉄系材料の含有量が8.0~32.0体積%である、<1>~<3>のいずれか1つに記載の焼結摩擦材。
<5>前記銅以外の金属材料がさらにタングステンを含有し、タングステンの含有量が1.0~15.0体積%である、<1>~<4>のいずれか1つに記載の焼結摩擦材。
<6>焼結摩擦材の製造方法であって、
銅以外の金属材料及びチタン酸塩を含有する原材料を混合する混合工程、
前記混合工程で混合された原材料を成形する成形工程、及び
前記成形工程で成形された成形体を900~1300℃で焼結する焼結工程を有し、
前記焼結摩擦材は、前記銅以外の金属材料及び前記チタン酸塩がマトリックスを構成し、前記銅以外の金属材料の含有量が10.0~34.0体積%である、焼結摩擦材の製造方法。
本発明の焼結摩擦材は、銅成分の含有量が0.5質量%以下であり、マトリックスとして、銅以外の金属材料及びチタン酸塩を含有し、前記銅以外の金属材料の含有量が10.0~34.0体積%であることを特徴とする。
本発明において、「マトリックス」とは、摩擦材の主骨格となるものを意味する。
本発明の焼結摩擦材は、マトリックスとして、銅以外の金属材料(以下、単に「金属材料」と称することがある。)を10.0~34.0体積%含有する。
本発明の焼結摩擦材は、マトリックスとして、チタン酸塩を含有する。チタン酸塩は高い耐摩耗性等を有する化合物であり、焼結摩擦材の耐摩耗性等を高めることに寄与する。
チタン酸塩の含有量が8.0体積%以上であると、チタン酸塩を含む原材料を成形及び焼結した際に、チタン酸塩が焼結されて、摩擦材のマトリックスを形成することができる。
チタン酸塩の含有量が60.0体積%以下であると、研削材及び潤滑材等の摩擦材として必要な成分を十分に含有させることができる。
また、作業環境衛生を考慮すると、球状、板状、鱗片状、柱状等の、いわゆるウィスカー(繊維)状ではない形状のチタン酸塩が好ましい。
本発明の焼結摩擦材は、研削材を含有することが好ましい。研削材を含有させることにより、本発明の焼結摩擦材に所望の摩擦性能を与えることができる。
本発明の焼結摩擦材は、潤滑材を含有することが好ましい。潤滑材を含有させることにより、本発明の焼結摩擦材の相手材との焼き付きを防止し、本発明の焼結摩擦材の耐摩耗性を向上させることができる。
これらの中でも、焼結性及び耐摩耗性の観点から、人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛、二硫化モリブデンが好ましい。
本発明の焼結摩擦材は、上記の各種成分を含有すればよいが、上記成分以外のその他の成分を含有してもよい。その他の成分としては、例えば、硫酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化カルシウム、バーミキュライト、マイカ、ムライト、窒化珪素、ジルコンサンド等の無機充填材等が挙げられる。これらは各々単独で、または2種以上組み合わせて用いられる。
本発明の焼結摩擦材中の銅成分の含有量は、環境負荷低減の観点から、銅元素換算で0.5質量%以下である。また、本発明の焼結摩擦材は銅成分を含有しないことが好ましい。
本発明の焼結摩擦材の製造方法は、
銅以外の金属材料及びチタン酸塩を含有する原材料を混合する混合工程、
前記混合工程で混合された原材料を成形する成形工程、及び
前記成形工程で成形された成形体を900~1300℃で焼結する焼結工程を有し、
前記焼結摩擦材は、前記銅以外の金属材料及び前記チタン酸塩がマトリックスを構成し、前記銅以外の金属材料の含有量が10.0~34.0体積%である。
成形工程では、一軸加圧成形、CIP成形(冷間静水圧成形)等の乾式成形法;射出成形、押出成形等の塑性成形法;泥漿鋳込み、加圧鋳込み、回転鋳込み等の鋳込み成形法;ドクターブレード法等のテープ成形法;冷間プレス等を適宜用いることができる。上記成形方法は単独で用いても、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
焼結工程では、ホットプレス法、雰囲気焼結法、反応焼結法、常圧焼結法、熱プラズマ焼結法等により成形体の焼結を行うことができる。
<実施例1-1~1-8、比較例1-1~1-4>
表1に示す配合組成(体積%)の各原材料を、混合機を用いて混合した。得られた各原材料混合物を、成形面圧520MPaで冷間プレスにて成形した。
焼結面圧:3MPa
焼結温度:950℃
焼結保持時間:120分
実施例1-1~1-8及び比較例1-1~1-4の焼結摩擦材について、下記の試験条件で、JASO C406を参考にしたダイナモメータ試験を行い、各焼結摩擦材の摩耗量および摩擦係数μの平均値を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
ディスク有効半径:250mm
摩擦材面積:15.2cm2
シリンダ径:40.45mm
慣性:7kg・m2
ダイナモメータ試験終了後の焼結摩擦材の摩耗量をマイクロメータで測定した。
以下の試験条件にて摩擦係数μを測定した。
初速度:100km/h
押付圧力:1.0MPa~10.0MPa(1.0MPa刻み)
回数:各押付圧力で1回(合計10回)
制動ディスク温度:95℃
○:焼結摩擦材の摩耗量が、6.50mm以下であった。
×:焼結摩擦材の摩耗量が、6.50mmより大きかった。
○:摩擦係数μの平均値が、0.20以上であった。
×:摩擦係数μの平均値が、0.20未満であった。
<実施例2-1~2-9、比較例2-1>
表2に示す配合組成(体積%)の各原材料を、混合機を用いて混合した。得られた各原材料混合物を、成形面圧520MPaで冷間プレスにて成形した。
焼結面圧:2MPa
焼結温度:950℃
焼結保持時間:120分
実施例2-1~2-9、比較例2-1の焼結摩擦材について、下記の試験条件でフェード試験を行い、各焼結摩擦材の摩耗量およびロータ摩耗量を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
初速度:240km/h
終速度:90km/h
減速度:8m/s2
1回目制動前ロータ温度:120℃
制動回数:25回(比較例2-1では19回)
インターバル:30秒
フェード試験終了後の焼結摩擦材の摩耗量をマイクロメータで測定し、制動回数1回あたりの摩耗量に換算した。
フェード試験終了後のロータの摩耗量をマイクロメータで測定し、制動回数1回あたりの摩耗量に換算した。
本発明の焼結摩擦材は、乗用車、商用車、二輪車、鉄道等の輸送機器全般や産業機械等のブレーキに用いることができる。
Claims (7)
- 銅成分の含有量が0.5質量%以下であり、
マトリックスとして、銅以外の金属材料及びチタン酸塩を含有し、
前記銅以外の金属材料の含有量が10.0~34.0体積%であり、
前記チタン酸塩がチタン酸複合塩を含有する、焼結摩擦材。 - 前記チタン酸複合塩が、チタン酸リチウムカリウム及びチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムの少なくとも一方を含有する、請求項1に記載の焼結摩擦材。
- 前記チタン酸塩が、チタン酸アルカリ金属塩およびチタン酸アルカリ土類金属塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の塩をさらに含有する、請求項1または2に記載の焼結摩擦材。
- 前記チタン酸アルカリ金属塩が、チタン酸カリウムおよびチタン酸ナトリウムの少なくとも一方を含み、
前記チタン酸アルカリ土類金属塩が、チタン酸カルシウムを含む、請求項3に記載の焼結摩擦材。 - 前記銅以外の金属材料が鉄系材料を含有し、前記鉄系材料の含有量が8.0~32.0体積%である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の焼結摩擦材。
- 前記銅以外の金属材料がさらにタングステンを含有し、タングステンの含有量が1.0~15.0体積%である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の焼結摩擦材。
- 焼結摩擦材の製造方法であって、
銅以外の金属材料及びチタン酸塩を含有する原材料を混合する混合工程、
前記混合工程で混合された原材料を成形する成形工程、及び
前記成形工程で成形された成形体を900~1300℃で焼結する焼結工程を有し、
前記焼結摩擦材は、前記銅以外の金属材料及び前記チタン酸塩がマトリックスを構成し、前記銅以外の金属材料の含有量が10.0~34.0体積%であり、
前記チタン酸塩がチタン酸複合塩を含有する、焼結摩擦材の製造方法。
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JP2008214727A (ja) | 2007-03-07 | 2008-09-18 | Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd | 焼結摩擦材 |
JP2017057312A (ja) | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | 摩擦材組成物及び摩擦材 |
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