JP6304984B2 - 摩擦材 - Google Patents
摩擦材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6304984B2 JP6304984B2 JP2013192144A JP2013192144A JP6304984B2 JP 6304984 B2 JP6304984 B2 JP 6304984B2 JP 2013192144 A JP2013192144 A JP 2013192144A JP 2013192144 A JP2013192144 A JP 2013192144A JP 6304984 B2 JP6304984 B2 JP 6304984B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- fiber
- friction
- titanates
- titanate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims description 86
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 alkaline earth metal titanate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OBTSLRFPKIKXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium potassium Chemical compound [Li].[K] OBTSLRFPKIKXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SWHAQEYMVUEVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium potassium Chemical compound [Mg].[K] SWHAQEYMVUEVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000224489 Amoeba Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSEDCEMCIJJSKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K].[Ti].[Mg] Chemical compound [K].[Ti].[Mg] HSEDCEMCIJJSKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical class O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940007424 antimony trisulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NVWBARWTDVQPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);trisulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[S-2].[Sb+3].[Sb+3] NVWBARWTDVQPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000260 carcinogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007670 carcinogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical class [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007918 pathogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metatitanate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Ti](=O)O[Ti](=O)O[Ti]([O-])=O GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000005748 tumor development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical class [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/013—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics containing carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/62204—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse
- C04B35/62209—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse using woody material, remaining in the ceramic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6269—Curing of mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62802—Powder coating materials
- C04B35/62805—Oxide ceramics
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Description
昨今の車両の高性能化、高速化に伴い、ブレーキの役割は益々過酷なものとなってきており、十分に高い摩擦係数(効き)を有することが必要である。さらに高速からの制動時には高温となることから、低温低速での制動時とは摩擦状態が異なり、温度変化による摩擦係数の変化が少ない、安定した摩擦特性が求められている。
現在、摩擦材に含まれる金属成分は主にスチール繊維や銅繊維といった金属繊維が多く、これらの繊維を多量に含有した場合、上述のディスクロータの異常摩耗を引き起こすおそれがある。
そこで特許文献3では、摩擦材中の銅成分の溶出を抑制する方法が開示されている。
なお本願明細書で、「銅成分を含まない」とは、銅繊維、銅粉、並びに銅を含んだ合金(真鍮又は青銅等)及び化合物のいずれも、摩擦材の原材料として配合していないことを言う。なお、環境負荷の観点から不純物として混入する銅成分は0.5質量%以下であることが好ましい。
[1] 2種以上のチタン酸塩とセラミック繊維とを含有し、かつ銅成分を含まない摩擦材。
[2] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩が2種以上のチタン酸アルカリ金属塩を含有する、前記[1]に記載の摩擦材。
[3] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸アルカリ土類金属・アルカリ金属塩とチタン酸アルカリ金属塩とを含有する、前記[1]に記載の摩擦材。
[4] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸リチウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、前記[1]又は[2]に記載の摩擦材。
[5] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、前記[1]又は[3]に記載の摩擦材。
[6] 前記セラミック繊維の繊維径が0.1〜10μm、繊維長が1〜1000μm、かつショット含有量が0.1〜70質量%である、前記[1]〜[5]のいずれか1に記載の摩擦材。
[7] 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩の摩擦材における含有量が合計で3〜40体積%である、前記[1]〜[6]のいずれか1に記載の摩擦材。
[8] 前記セラミック繊維の摩擦材における含有量が1〜6体積%である、前記[1]〜[7]のいずれか1に記載の摩擦材。
摩擦材とは一般的に、結合材、摩擦調整材、繊維基材及び潤滑材を含み、前記摩擦調整材として、有機充填材や無機充填材等の充填材、研削材、金属粉等を含有する。
本発明におけるチタン酸塩は充填材として用いられ、セラミック繊維は繊維基材として用いられる。
本発明に係る摩擦材は、2種以上のチタン酸塩を含有することを特徴とする。チタン酸塩としては、移着の程度を制御する目的で2種以上を使用することが好ましい。
中でも、鱗片状(層状)、柱状、板状又は扁平状と呼ばれる形状が、好ましく、これらの形状を有するチタン酸リチウムカリウム又はチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムがより好ましい。また、効力安定化の点から、形状は層状であることがさらに好ましい。
チタン酸マグネシウムカリウムの分子式は、KxMgyTizOwにおいてx=0.2〜0.7、y=0.4、z=1.6、w=3.7〜3.95などを使用することができる。
中でも、繊維状、球状、粉状、不定形状又は複数の凸部形状のチタン酸塩が、前記鱗片状(層状)、柱状、板状又は扁平状のチタン酸塩と形状が異なることから好ましく、これらの形状を有するチタン酸カリウムがより好ましく用いられる。中でも、複数の凸部形状のチタン酸塩は耐摩耗性の点からより好ましい。
凸部とは、光学乃至電子顕微鏡等による写真(投影図)に多角形、円、楕円等(基本図形)を当てはめ、それに対して突出した部分に対応する部分を言う。複数の凸部形状を有するチタン酸塩の具体的3次元形状としては、その投影図が、ブーメラン状、十字架状、アメーバ状、種々の動植物の部分(例えば、手、角、葉等)又はその全体形状、あるいはそれらの類似形状、金平糖状等が挙げられる。
移着被膜による凝着作用の補強効果を狙って、先述したチタン酸塩を多量に使用すると、形成される移着被膜の膜厚が厚くなりすぎる。厚すぎる被膜は亀裂やひび等が生じやすくなり、該亀裂等が引き金となって部分的に剥離しやすくなる。被膜が剥離すると、摩擦材(ブレーキパッド)と相手材(ディスクロータ)との接触が安定せず、効き(摩擦係数)が不安定となり、耐摩耗性が悪化するおそれがある。
一方、研削材が硬すぎて、移着被膜を削りすぎると、鳴き等が発生するおそれがある。そのため、本発明では移着被膜を適度な厚みに削るマイルドな研削材として、セラミック繊維を用いる。中でも、ショット(粒状物)を含むセラミック繊維がより好ましく用いられる。
繊維径及び繊維長は、それぞれJIS A9504により測定することができる。
なお、セラミック繊維とショットを製造過程で分離し、任意の比率で配合して使用することも可能である。また、セラミック繊維は、その表面にシランカップリング剤等により表面処理が施されていてもよい。
本発明に係る摩擦材に含まれるその他の成分として、結合材、摩擦調整材(充填材、研削材、金属粉)、繊維基材及び潤滑材について以下に述べる。
結合材としては通常用いられる結合材が含まれていればよい。
具体的には、フェノール樹脂(ストレートフェノール樹脂、各種変性フェノール樹脂を含む)、エラストマー変性フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂を挙げることができる。なお、各種変性フェノール樹脂には炭化水素樹脂変性フェノール樹脂、エポキシ変性フェノール樹脂等が挙げられる。
フェノール樹脂を変性させるエラストマーとしては、アクリルゴム、シリコーンゴム等が好ましく用いられる。
なお、本発明において、結合材は摩擦材全体中、通常は10〜30体積%、好ましくは10〜25体積%用いられる。
充填材として有機充填材やチタン酸塩以外の無機充填材を含むことができる。有機充填材としては、例えば、アクリルニトリルブタジエンゴム(NBR)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、ブタジエンゴム(BR)等からなる各種ゴムやタイヤトレッド、ゴムダスト、カシューダストなどの有機物ダスト等が挙げられる。
研削材の粒径は小さいほどマイルドな研削材となるが、小さすぎると研削材としての役目を果たさなくなる。一方、粒径が大きいほど相手材を研削して摩擦係数を向上させるが、大きすぎると相手材を過剰に研削する。研削材の種類や形状、モース硬度に応じて、粒径や含有量を調整することが必要である。
研削材全体の含有量は、摩擦材中通常1〜9体積%である。
金属粉としては、亜鉛、鉄、スズ、アルミニウム、Fe−Al金属間化合物等の銅以外の金属を使用することができる。金属粉の含有量は合計で、摩擦材中通常0.5〜3体積%である。
繊維基材としては、有機繊維として、芳香族ポリアミド(アラミド)繊維、セルロース繊維、ポリアクリル系繊維等が挙げられる。
また、セラミック繊維以外の無機繊維としては、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、ロックウール等が挙げられる。
金属繊維としては、スチール、アルミニウム、亜鉛、錫および錫合金、ステンレス等の繊維が挙げられる。
セラミック繊維も含んだ繊維基材全体の含有量は、摩擦材中通常1〜35体積%であり、好ましくは5〜30体積%である。
潤滑材としては、黒鉛、リン酸塩被覆黒鉛、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、硫化スズ、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化亜鉛、三硫化アンチモン等が挙げられる。
潤滑材全体の含有量は摩擦材中通常15体積%以下が好ましい。
潤滑材全体の含有量は摩擦材中通常1〜15体積%である。
本発明に係る摩擦材を製造するには、上記各成分を配合し、その配合物を通常の製法に従って予備成形し、熱成形、加熱、研摩等の処理を施すことにより製造することができる。上記摩擦材を備えたブレーキパッドは、以下の工程(1)〜(4)により製造することができる。
(1)鋼板(プレッシャプレート)を板金プレスにより所定の形状に成形する工程。
(2)所定の形状に成形された鋼板に脱脂処理、化成処理及びプライマー処理を施し、接着剤を塗布する工程。
(3)上記(1)および(2)の工程を経たプレッシャプレートと、上記摩擦材の予備成形体とを、熱成形工程において所定の温度及び圧力で熱成形して両部材を一体に固着する工程。
(4)その後アフタキュアを行い、最終的に研摩や表面焼き、塗装等の仕上げ処理を施す工程。
<実施例1〜8および比較例1〜4>
摩擦材の配合材料を表1に示す配合組成(体積%)に従って混合機にて均一に混合し、摩擦材混合物を得た。続いて摩擦材混合物を常温、圧力20MPaで10秒間予備成形した。成形後の予備成形品を熱成形型に投入し、予め接着剤を塗布した金属板(プレッシャープレート:P/P)を重ね、温度150℃、成形面圧40MPaで5分間加熱圧縮成形を行った。この加熱圧縮成形体に対し、温度150〜300℃で1〜4時間熱処理し、所定の厚みに研摩・塗装することで、実施例1〜8及び比較例1〜4に係る摩擦材を含むブレーキパッドを得た。
リン酸二水素アルミニウムを純水に溶解し、濃度1質量%の水溶液を調製した。この水溶液100質量部に対し、人造黒鉛(東海カーボン社製、G152A(商品名)、平均粒径700μm)42質量部を加え、回転翼式攪拌機(アズワン社製、PM−203(機種名))により、温度50℃にて1時間攪拌した。
得られた混合物を大気中で24時間乾燥後、解砕したのち、真空中で800℃にて3時間熱処理を行った。熱処理後、乳鉢にて粉砕し、粒子表面がリン酸二水素アルミニウムで被覆された黒鉛粉末(リン酸塩被覆黒鉛)を得た。
JASO C427(温度別摩耗試験)に準拠し、1/7スケールテスタを用いて摩擦特性の評価を行った。初速度を50km/h、減速度を2.94m/s2に固定し、200回すり合わせた後、300℃で500回制動、400℃で500回制動、500℃で500回制動を行った。400℃及び500℃での制動後の摩耗量、並びに500℃での制動後の摩擦係数μの平均を求めた。なお、摩耗量は1000回制動相当に換算した。結果を表1に表す。ディスクロータ材にはFC250相当を用いた。
「500℃性能評価」とは、500℃での摩擦係数μの平均が0.4以上である場合を○、0.4未満である場合を×と表記している。
Claims (8)
- 2種以上のチタン酸塩とセラミック繊維とリン酸塩被覆黒鉛とを含有し、かつ銅成分を含まず、
前記2種以上のチタン酸塩が2種以上のチタン酸アルカリ金属塩を含有する摩擦材。 - 2種以上のチタン酸塩とセラミック繊維とリン酸塩被覆黒鉛とを含有し、かつ銅成分を含まず、
前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸アルカリ土類金属・アルカリ金属塩とチタン酸アルカリ金属塩とを含有する摩擦材。 - 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸リチウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、請求項1に記載の摩擦材。
- 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩がチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムとチタン酸カリウムとを含有する、請求項2に記載の摩擦材。
- 前記セラミック繊維の繊維径が0.1〜10μm、繊維長が1〜1000μm、かつショット含有量が0.1〜70質量%である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材。
- 前記2種以上のチタン酸塩の摩擦材における含有量が合計で3〜40体積%である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材。
- 前記セラミック繊維の摩擦材における含有量が1〜6体積%である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材。
- 前記リン酸塩被覆黒鉛の摩擦材における含有量が1〜9体積%である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材。
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JP5535509B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2014-07-02 | 株式会社クボタ | 摩擦材 |
JP5540395B2 (ja) | 2009-06-12 | 2014-07-02 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | 摩擦材 |
JP5528227B2 (ja) | 2009-10-16 | 2014-06-25 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | 固体潤滑材、その製造方法および用途 |
EP2584017B1 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2018-04-25 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Friction material |
WO2012066968A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-05-24 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物、これを用いた摩擦材及び摩擦部材 |
WO2012169545A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-13 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物 |
JP5970749B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-07 | 2016-08-17 | 日立化成株式会社 | ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物 |
JP6157071B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-14 | 2017-07-05 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | 摩擦材 |
CN111720462B (zh) | 2012-12-21 | 2022-04-05 | 曙制动器工业株式会社 | 摩擦材料 |
CN103122959B (zh) * | 2013-03-08 | 2015-04-15 | 山东金山汽配有限公司 | 高温耐磨陶瓷复合纤维刹车片 |
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