JP7304818B2 - 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器、及び照明装置 - Google Patents
発光素子、発光装置、電子機器、及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7304818B2 JP7304818B2 JP2019559869A JP2019559869A JP7304818B2 JP 7304818 B2 JP7304818 B2 JP 7304818B2 JP 2019559869 A JP2019559869 A JP 2019559869A JP 2019559869 A JP2019559869 A JP 2019559869A JP 7304818 B2 JP7304818 B2 JP 7304818B2
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- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子について、図1を用いて以下説明する。
図1(A)は、本発明の一態様の発光素子150の断面模式図である。
本発明の一態様の発光素子において、化合物131と金属132がSOMOを形成するが、SOMO準位が著しく低い場合、電子注入層としては不適当である。そこで、化合物131が金属原子と相互作用した際に形成されるSOMOの準位について量子化学計算による見積もりを行った。その結果を表1に示す。なお、3座または4座で金属と相互作用する機能を有する有機化合物としては下記に示す、4’,4’’’’-(1,4-フェニレン)ビス(2,2’:6’,2“-テルピリジン)(略称:tPy2P)、4’,4’’’’-(9,10-アントリル)ビス(2,2’:6’,2“-テルピリジン)(略称:tPy2A)、2,2’-(ピリジン-2,6-ジイル)ビス(4-フェニルベンゾ[h]キナゾリン)(略称:2,6(P-Bqn)2Py)、2,2’-(2,2’-ビピリジン-6,6’-ジイル)ビス(4-フェニルベンゾ[h]キナゾリン)(略称:6,6’(P-Bqn)2BPy)、2,4,6-トリス(2-ピリジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン(略称:2Py3Tzn)、2,4,6-トリス(5-フェニルピリミジン-2-イル)-1,3,5-トリアジン(略称:PPm3Tzn)を用いた。
一般式(G0)乃至(G3)において、R1乃至R8で表される置換基またはCが有する置換基としては、水素、炭素数1乃至4のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3乃至7のシクロアルキル基、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数6以上25以下の芳香族炭化水素基または置換若しくは無置換の炭素数3以上30以下の複素芳香族炭化水素基があげられる。該アルキル基としては例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert-ブチル基、n-ヘキシル基などを挙げることができ、該シクロアルキル基としては例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基などを挙げることができ、該アリール基としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基、ビフェニル基、フルオレニル基、スピロフルオレニル基などを具体例として挙げることができる。より具体的には例えば、下記構造式(R-1)乃至(R-56)で表される基が挙げられる。なお、R1乃至R8で表される置換基またはCが有する置換基はこれらに限定されない。
一般式(G0)乃至(G3)として表される化合物の具体的な構造としては、下記構造式(100)乃至(111)及び構造式(200)乃至(211)で表される有機化合物等を挙げることができる。なお、一般式(G0)乃至(G3)として表される有機化合物は、下記例示に限られない。
次に、図1に示す発光素子150と異なる構成例について、図2(A)を用いて、以下説明を行う。
また、図1(A)に示す発光素子150及び図2(A)に示す発光素子152と異なる構成例について、図2(B)を用いて、以下説明を行う。
次に、図1及び図2に示す発光素子の構成要素の詳細について、以下説明を行う。
電子注入層130は、電子注入性の高い物質を含む層であり、上述の金属と3座または4座で金属と相互作用する機能を有する有機化合物の複合材料を好適に用いることができる。該3座または4座で金属と相互作用する機能を有する有機化合物としては、一般式(G0)乃至(G4-3)で表される有機化合物を用いることができ、具体的には構造式(100)乃至(111)及び構造式(200)乃至(211)で表される有機化合物を用いることができる。特に、ジアジン(ピリミジンやピラジン)骨格及びトリアジン骨格を有する複素環化合物は、電子輸送性が高く、駆動電圧低減にも寄与するため好ましい。また、金属と3座または4座で金属と相互作用する機能を有する有機化合物は、1×10-6cm2/Vs以上の電子移動度を有すると好ましい。なお、正孔よりも電子の輸送性の高い物質であれば、上記以外の物質を電子注入層130にて用いてもよい。
正孔注入層111及び電荷発生層129は、一対の電極の一方(電極101または電極102)からのホール注入障壁を低減することでホール注入を促進する機能を有し、例えば遷移金属酸化物、フタロシアニン誘導体、あるいは芳香族アミンなどによって形成される。遷移金属酸化物としては、モリブデン酸化物やバナジウム酸化物、ルテニウム酸化物、タングステン酸化物、マンガン酸化物などが挙げられる。フタロシアニン誘導体としては、フタロシアニンや金属フタロシアニンなどが挙げられる。芳香族アミンとしてはベンジジン誘導体やフェニレンジアミン誘導体などが挙げられる。ポリチオフェンやポリアニリンなどの高分子化合物を用いることもでき、例えば自己ドープされたポリチオフェンであるポリ(エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリ(スチレンスルホン酸)などがその代表例である。
正孔輸送層112は正孔輸送性材料を含む層であり、正孔注入層111の材料として例示した材料を使用することができる。正孔輸送層112は正孔注入層111から注入された正孔を発光層140へ輸送する機能を有する。
発光層140は、紫色、青色、青緑色、緑色、黄緑色、黄色、橙色、または赤色の少なくとも一つの発光を呈する機能を有する発光材料を有する。また、発光層140は、発光材料に加えて、ホスト材料として電子輸送性材料または正孔輸送性材料の一方または双方を含む。
電子輸送層118及びバッファ層127は、電子輸送性の高い物質を含む層である。電子輸送層118及びバッファ層127に用いることができる有機化合物としては、キノリン配位子、ベンゾキノリン配位子、オキサゾール配位子、あるいはチアゾール配位子を有する金属錯体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体、フェナントロリン誘導体、ピリジン誘導体、ビピリジン誘導体などが挙げられる。また、電子注入層130に用いることができる化合物として例示した3座または4座で金属と相互作用する機能を有する有機化合物も用いることができる。
電極101及び電極102は、発光素子の陽極または陰極としての機能を有する。電極101及び電極102は、金属、合金、導電性化合物、およびこれらの混合物や積層体などを用いて形成することができる。
また、本発明の一態様に係る発光素子は、ガラス、プラスチックなどからなる基板上に作製すればよい。基板上に作製する順番としては、電極101側から順に積層しても、電極102側から順に積層しても良い。
本実施の形態においては、実施の形態1に示す発光素子の構成と異なる構成の発光素子、及び当該発光素子の発光機構について、図3を用いて、以下説明を行う。なお、図3において、図1(A)に示す符号と同様の機能を有する箇所には、同様のハッチパターンを用い、符号を省略する場合がある。また、同様の機能を有する箇所には、同様の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する場合がある。
図3は、発光素子250a及び発光素子250bの断面模式図である。
本実施の形態では実施の形態1及び実施の形態2で説明した発光素子を用いた発光装置について、図5(A)及び図5(B)を用いて説明する。
図6には表示装置の一例として、白色発光を呈する発光素子および着色層(カラーフィルタ)を形成した発光装置を示す。
トップエミッション型の発光装置の断面図を図7(A)及び(B)に示す。この場合、基板1001は光を通さない基板を用いることができる。TFTと発光素子の陽極とを接続する接続電極を作製するまでの工程は、ボトムエミッション型の発光装置と同様に行う。その後、第3の層間絶縁膜1037を電極1022を覆って形成する。この絶縁膜は平坦化の役割を担っていても良い。第3の層間絶縁膜1037は第2の層間絶縁膜1021と同様の材料の他、他の様々な材料を用いて形成することができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器及び表示装置について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子を様々な照明装置に適用する一例について、図11を用いて説明する。本発明の一態様である発光素子を用いることで、発光効率が良好な、信頼性の高い照明装置を作製できる。
以下に、本実施例で作製した発光素子の作製方法を示す。比較発光素子1は電子注入層に一般的に用いられる、Li化合物であるLiFを用いた発光素子であり、発光素子2乃至発光素子5は本発明の一態様である、電子注入層に3座または4座で金属と相互作用する機能を有する有機化合物と金属の複合材料を用いた発光素子である。
ガラス基板上に電極101として、ITSO膜を厚さが110nmになるように形成した。なお、電極101の電極面積は、4mm2(2mm×2mm)とした。
発光素子2乃至発光素子5は、電子注入層130の形成工程以外は比較発光素子1と同様の工程で作製した。
電子輸送層118(2)上に電子注入層130として、tPy2PとAgを重量比(tPy2P:Ag)が1:0.3、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
電子輸送層118(2)上に電字注入層130として、2Py3TznとCuを重量比(2Py3Tzn:Cu)が1:0.3、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
電子輸送層118(2)上に電子注入層130として、Pm3TznとCuを重量比(Pm3Tzn:Cu)が1:0.3、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
電子輸送層118(2)上に電子注入層130として、tPy2PとCoを重量比(tPy2P:Co)が1:0.2、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
次に、上記作製した比較発光素子1及び発光素子2乃至発光素子5の素子特性を測定した。輝度およびCIE色度の測定には色彩輝度計(トプコン社製、BM-5A)を用い、電界発光スペクトルの測定にはマルチチャンネル分光器(浜松ホトニクス社製、PMA-11)を用いた。
次に、比較発光素子1及び発光素子2乃至発光素子5の1.0mAにおける定電流駆動試験を大気雰囲気下にて行った。その結果を図16に示す。なお、前述の通り、比較発光素子1及び発光素子2乃至発光素子5は封止を行っていない。図16から分かるように発光素子2乃至発光素子5は大気雰囲気下で比較発光素子1より良好な信頼性を有することが分かった。比較発光素子1には、仕事関数の小さな金属を有する材料を電子注入層に用いている。仕事関数の小さな金属は水との反応性が高く、発光素子内部に水分が侵入してしまう恐れがある。そのため、発光素子1を大気雰囲気下で駆動させた場合、水分の影響により信頼性が低下する。一方、本発明の一態様である発光素子は、水との反応性が乏しい仕事関数が大きな金属を電子注入層に用いることができる。そのため、本発明の一態様の発光素子は、発光素子内部に水分が侵入しにくく、大気雰囲気下で駆動させても信頼性の高い発光素子を実現することができる。また、発光素子3乃至発光素子5は、優れた信頼性を示している。このことから、CuやCoのような仕事関数が4.7eV以上の金属を用いることで、優れた信頼性を有する発光素子を実現することができる。
以下に、本実施例で作製した発光素子の作製方法を示す。比較発光素子6は電子注入層が形成されていない、電極と電子輸送層が接している発光素子であり、発光素子7乃至発光素子10は本発明の一態様である、電子注入層に3座または4座で金属と相互作用する機能を有する有機化合物と金属の複合材料を用いた発光素子である。
比較発光素子6は、電子注入層130の形成工程以外は比較発光素子1と同様の工程で作製した。
発光素子7乃至発光素子10は、電子注入層130の形成工程以外は比較発光素子1と同様の工程で作製した。
電子輸送層118(2)上に発光素子7の電子注入層130として、tPy2PとAuを重量比(tPy2P:Au)が1:0.6、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
電子輸送層118(2)上に発光素子8の電子注入層130として、2Py3TznとAgを重量比(2Py3Tzn:Ag)が1:0.5、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
電子輸送層118(2)上に発光素子9の電子注入層130として、tPy2PとCuを重量比(tPy2P:Cu)が1:0.2、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
電子輸送層118(2)上に発光素子10の電子注入層130として、2Py3TznとCoを重量比(2Py3Tzn:Co)が1:0.3、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
次に、上記作製した比較発光素子6及び発光素子7乃至発光素子10の素子特性を測定した。測定は実施例1と同様に行った。
次に、比較発光素子6及び発光素子7乃至発光素子10の1.0mAにおける定電流駆動試験を大気雰囲気下にて行った。その結果を図21に示す。なお、比較発光素子6及び発光素子7乃至発光素子10は封止を行っていない。図21より、発光素子7乃至発光素子10は比較発光素子6よりも良好な信頼性を有していることが分かった。ここで、図18及び図19より比較発光素子6の電子注入特性は発光素子7乃至発光素子10よりも劣っており、比較発光素子6のキャリアバランスは悪く、信頼性にも悪影響を及ぼしている。一方、本発明の一態様である発光素子は、電子注入特性が良好なため、それぞれの発光素子中でのキャリアバランスが良好であるため、高い信頼性を有する発光素子を実現することができる。
以下に、本実施例で作製した発光素子の作製方法を示す。比較発光素子11は電子注入層に一般的に用いられるLi化合物であるLiFを使用した発光素子であり、発光素子12乃至発光素子15は本発明の一態様である、電子注入層に3座または4座で金属と相互作用する機能を有する有機化合物と金属の複合材料を用いた発光素子である。
ガラス基板上に電極101として、ITSO膜を厚さが70nmになるように形成した。なお、電極101の電極面積は、4mm2(2mm×2mm)とした。
発光素子12乃至発光素子15は、電子輸送層118(2)及び電子注入層130の形成工程以外は比較発光素子11と同様の工程で作製した。
電子輸送層118(1)上に電子輸送層118(2)としてNBPhenを厚さが15nmになるように蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層118(2)上に電子注入層130として、tPy2PとAgを重量比(tPy2P:Ag)が1:0.3、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
電子輸送層118(1)上に電子輸送層118(2)としてNBPhenを厚さが10nmになるように蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層118(2)上に電子注入層130として、NBPhenとAgを重量比(NBPhen:Ag)が1:0.3、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着し、その上にtPy2PとAuを重量比(tPy2P:Au)が1:0.6、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
電子輸送層118(1)上に電子輸送層118(2)としてNBPhenを厚さが15nmになるように蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層118(2)上に電子注入層130として、2Py3TznとCuを重量比(2Py3Tzn:Cu)が1:0.3、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
電子輸送層118(1)上に電子輸送層118(2)としてNBPhenを厚さが10nmになるように蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層118(2)上に電子注入層130として、NBPhenとCuを重量比(NBPhen:Cu)が1:0.2、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着し、その上に2Py3TznとCoを重量比(2Py3Tzn:Co)が1:0.2、且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
次に、上記作製した比較発光素子11及び発光素子12乃至発光素子15の素子特性を測定した。測定は実施例1と同様に行った。
次に比較発光素子11と発光素子12乃至発光素子15について恒温恒湿保存試験を行った。各発光素子は封止を行っていないため、陰極及びEL層が試験環境の雰囲気に曝される状態の発光素子である。一般に、発光素子に水分が侵入すると、ダークスポット(発光部内部における非発光領域)やシュリンク(発光部端部における非発光領域)が発生し、発光素子の信頼性に悪影響を及ぼす。そのため、恒温恒湿保存試験を行うことで、発光素子の水分に対する信頼性を評価することができる。
100mL3口フラスコに4’-(4-ブロモフェニル)-2,2’:6’,2’’-ターピリジン1.0g(2.6mmol)、10-フェニル-9-アントリルボロン酸0.86g(2.9mmol)、炭酸ナトリウム0.85g(8.0mmol)、トルエン20mL、エタノール5mL、水5mLを加えた。この混合物を減圧下において攪拌しながら脱気し、その後、フラスコ内を窒素置換した。この混合物に、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)65mg(56μmol)を加え、窒素気流下、100℃で8時間還流した。撹拌後、反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、析出した固体を吸引濾過にて回収した。得られた固体のクロロホルム溶液を、水、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム、飽和食塩水で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。クロロホルム溶液と硫酸マグネシウムの混合物を自然濾過し、濾液を濃縮して固体を得た。得られた固体のメタノール懸濁液に超音波を照射し、固体を吸引濾過により回収した。さらに、トルエンにより再結晶したところ、目的物の淡赤色粉末を収量1.2g、収率81%で得た。本合成スキームを下記式(a-1)に示す。
100mL3口フラスコに4’-(4-ブロモフェニル)-2,2’:6’,2’’-ターピリジン1.0g(2.6mmol)、4-(ベンゾオキサゾール-2-イル)フェニルボロン酸0.68g(2.9mmol)、炭酸ナトリウム0.62g(5.8mmol)、トルエン20mL、エタノール5mL、水3mLを加えた。この混合物を減圧下で攪拌しながら脱気し、その後フラスコ内を窒素置換した。この混合物に、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)63mg(55μmol)を加え、窒素気流下において、100℃で5時間還流した。還流後、この反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、析出した固体を吸引濾過にて回収した。得られた固体のクロロホルム溶液を、水、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム、飽和食塩水で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。得られたクロロホルム溶液と硫酸マグネシウムの混合物を自然濾過し、濾液を濃縮して固体を得た。得られた固体をトルエンにより再結晶し、目的物の淡赤色粉末を収量1.0g、収率78%で得た。本合成スキームを下記式(b-1)に示す。
100mL3口フラスコに4’-(4-ブロモフェニル)-2,2’:6’,2’’-ターピリジン1.0g(2.6mmol)、4-(5-フェニル-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)フェニルボロン酸0.73g(2.7mmol)、炭酸ナトリウム0.71g(6.7mmol)、トルエン20mL、エタノール5mL、水3mLを加えた。この混合物を減圧下で攪拌する事で脱気し、フラスコ内を窒素置換した。この混合物に、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)68mg(59μmol)を加えた。この混合物を窒素気流下、100℃で9時間還流した。撹拌後、この混合物を室温まで冷却し、析出した固体を吸引濾過した。得られた固体のクロロホルム溶液を、水、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、飽和食塩水により洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムにより乾燥した。この混合物を自然濾過し、濾液を濃縮して固体を得た。得られた固体をメタノールで洗浄後、さらに、トルエン/ヘキサンで再結晶したところ、目的物の白色粉末を収量0.72g、収率51%で得た。本合成スキームを下記式(c-1)に示す。
100mL3口フラスコに4’-ブロモ-2,2’:6’,2’’-ターピリジン0.94g(3.0mmol)、3,5-ビス(9H-カルバゾール-9-イル)フェニルボロン酸1.4g(3.2mmol)、炭酸ナトリウム0.86g(6.2mmol)、トルエン30mL、エタノール5mL、水3mLを加えた。この混合物を減圧下で攪拌する事で脱気し、フラスコ内を窒素置換した。この混合物に、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)72mg(62μmol)を加えた。この混合物を窒素気流下、80℃で7時間撹拌した。撹拌後、この混合物の水層をトルエンにより抽出し、抽出溶液と有機層とを合わせ、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、飽和食塩水により洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムにより乾燥した。この混合物を自然濾過し、濾液を濃縮して固体を得た。得られた固体をメタノールで洗浄後、さらに、トルエンで再結晶したところ、目的物の白色粉末を収量1.1g、収率55%で得た。本合成スキームを下記式(d-1)に示す。
50mL2口フラスコに5-フェニルピリミジン-2-カルボキシミドアミド0.80g(4.0mmol)、2-シアノ-5-フェニルピリジン1.4g(7.7mmol)、ジグライム2mL、1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン1mLを加えた。この混合物を、窒素気流下、180℃で29時間、200℃で100時間撹拌した。撹拌後、この混合物を室温まで冷却し、酢酸エチルにより洗浄したところ、褐色粉末を収量0.82gで得た。本合成スキームを下記式(e-1)に示す。また、後述する昇華精製を行う前の1H-NMRを測定したところ、プロトン比が、PPm3Tzn:5-フェニルピリミジン-2-カルボキシミドアミド=1:1.7であり、褐色粉末は目的物と原料が混在していることが分かった。また、2-シアノ-5-フェニルピリジンに由来するシグナルは観測されなかった。
ガラス基板上に電極101として、ITSO膜を厚さが110nmになるように形成した。電極面積は4mm2(2mm×2mm)とした。
発光素子17乃至発光素子21、比較発光素子33及び比較発光素子34は、先に示す発光素子16と同様に作製した。素子構造の詳細は表12乃至表14に示す通りであるため、作製方法の詳細は省略する。
上記作製した発光素子16乃至発光素子21、比較発光素子33及び比較発光素子34の素子特性を測定した。輝度およびCIE色度の測定には色彩輝度計(トプコン社製、BM-5A)を用い、電界発光スペクトルの測定にはマルチチャンネル分光器(浜松ホトニクス社製、PMA-11)を用いた。
次に、発光素子18、発光素子19、比較発光素子33、及び比較発光素子34の1.0mAにおける定電流駆動試験を室温にて行った。その結果を図52に示す。図52から分かるように発光素子18及び発光素子19は比較発光素子33及び比較発光素子34より良好な信頼性を有することが分かった。これらの結果より、発光素子18及び発光素子19は、電荷発生層に接する電子注入層に一般的に用いられるLi化合物であるLi2Oを用いた比較発光素子33及び電荷発生層に接する電子注入層を有さない比較発光素子34より優れた信頼性を有していることが分かる。よって、3座または4座で金属と相互作用する機能を有する有機化合物と金属の複合材料はタンデム素子におけるEL層の間の電荷発生層に接する電子注入層として用いることで、優れた信頼性を有する発光素子を実現することができる。
発光素子22は、電子注入層130の形成工程以外は比較発光素子1と同様の工程で作製した。
発光素子23は、電子輸送層118(2)及び電子注入層130の形成工程以外は比較発光素子1と同様の工程で作製した。
発光素子24及び発光素子25は、電子注入層130(2)の形成工程以外は発光素子23と同様の工程で作製した。
発光素子24の電子注入層130(2)として、電子輸送層130(1)上に2,6(P-Bqn)2PyとInを重量比(2,6(P-Bqn)2Py:In)が1:0.3且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
発光素子25の電子注入層130(2)として、電子輸送層130(1)上に2,6(NP-PPm)2PyとInを重量比(2,6(NP-PPm)2Py:In)が1:0.3且つ厚さが5nmになるように共蒸着した。
上記作製した発光素子22乃至発光素子25の素子特性を測定した。輝度およびCIE色度の測定には色彩輝度計(トプコン社製、BM-5A)を用い、電界発光スペクトルの測定にはマルチチャンネル分光器(浜松ホトニクス社製、PMA-11)を用いた。
発光素子26乃至発光素子28は、電子注入層130の形成工程以外は比較発光素子1と同様の工程で作製した。
上記作製した発光素子26乃至発光素子28の素子特性を測定した。輝度およびCIE色度の測定には色彩輝度計(トプコン社製、BM-5A)を用い、電界発光スペクトルの測定にはマルチチャンネル分光器(浜松ホトニクス社製、PMA-11)を用いた。
発光素子29乃至発光素子32は、電子注入層130の形成工程以外は比較発光素子1と同様の工程で作製した。
上記作製した発光素子29乃至発光素子32の素子特性を測定した。輝度およびCIE色度の測定には色彩輝度計(トプコン社製、BM-5A)を用い、電界発光スペクトルの測定にはマルチチャンネル分光器(浜松ホトニクス社製、PMA-11)を用いた。
Claims (8)
- 陽極と陰極との間に発光層を有し、
前記発光層と前記陰極との間に第1の層を有し、
前記第1の層は第1の有機化合物及び金属を有し、
前記金属は周期表における第3族乃至第13族のいずれかに属し、
前記第1の有機化合物は、置換または無置換の炭素数1以上30以下の複素芳香環を有し、
前記複素芳香環は、窒素を含み、
前記第1の有機化合物は、前記窒素において3座または4座で前記金属と相互作用する機能を有し、
前記第1の有機化合物と前記金属はSOMOを形成し、
前記陰極と前記第1の層との間に第2の層を有し、
前記第2の層は電子不足型複素芳香環を有する第2の有機化合物を含む、発光素子。 - 陽極と、陰極との間に、第1の発光ユニットと、第2の発光ユニットを有し、
前記第1の発光ユニットと、前記第2の発光ユニットとの間に第1の層を有し、
前記第1の層は第1の有機化合物及び金属を有し、
前記金属は周期表における第3族乃至第13族のいずれかに属し、
前記第1の有機化合物は、置換または無置換の炭素数1以上30以下の複素芳香環を有し、
前記複素芳香環は、窒素を含み、
前記第1の有機化合物は、前記窒素において3座または4座で前記金属と相互作用する機能を有し、
前記第1の有機化合物と前記金属はSOMOを形成する、発光素子。 - 請求項2において、
前記陰極と前記第1の層との間に第2の層を有し、
前記第2の層は電子不足型複素芳香環を有する第2の有機化合物を含む、発光素子。 - 請求項1または請求項3において、
前記第2の有機化合物が有するLUMO準位は、前記SOMOが有するエネルギー準位より低い、発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項において、
前記第1の層にアルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属を有さない、発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子と、
カラーフィルタまたはトランジスタの少なくとも一方と、
を有する発光装置。 - 請求項6に記載の発光装置と、
筐体または表示部の少なくとも一方と、
を有する電子機器。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子と、
筐体を有する照明装置。
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US20200388779A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
US11404656B2 (en) | 2022-08-02 |
CN111480245A (zh) | 2020-07-31 |
US20220407027A1 (en) | 2022-12-22 |
KR20200103025A (ko) | 2020-09-01 |
JPWO2019123190A1 (ja) | 2020-12-24 |
JP2023123703A (ja) | 2023-09-05 |
WO2019123190A1 (ja) | 2019-06-27 |
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