JP7290158B2 - Automatic formwork opening and closing system and method for manufacturing building materials - Google Patents

Automatic formwork opening and closing system and method for manufacturing building materials Download PDF

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JP7290158B2
JP7290158B2 JP2021059946A JP2021059946A JP7290158B2 JP 7290158 B2 JP7290158 B2 JP 7290158B2 JP 2021059946 A JP2021059946 A JP 2021059946A JP 2021059946 A JP2021059946 A JP 2021059946A JP 7290158 B2 JP7290158 B2 JP 7290158B2
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opening
closing
formwork
movable frame
frame member
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JP2022156326A (en
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朋弘 森谷
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Sekisui House Ltd
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Description

本発明は、建材を成型する型枠の開閉可能な一部を、自動で閉じた状態に又は開いた状態に移行させる型枠の自動開閉システム、及び型枠の自動開閉システムを用いた建材の製造方法である。 The present invention relates to an automatic formwork opening/closing system that automatically shifts an openable and closable part of a formwork for molding a building material to a closed state or an open state, and an automatic formwork opening/closing system for building materials. manufacturing method.

型枠に液体状材料を打設し、養生することで成型される建材には、液体状材料を打設した状態の型枠から脱型しにくいもの、又は脱型できないものがある。そこで、従来、特許文献1に記載されるように、底板と、底板の左右側縁に立設した向かい合う二枚の側板と、底板の両端に立設した向かい合う二枚の妻板と、からなり、板の上面上部にハンドルを有し、回転軸が妻板に平行に伸びる回転装置を取り付け、回転軸の両端に、側板の外面に沿って平行に伸び先端が回転軸の回動に連動して上下に移動するレバーを設け、レバーの先端に、側板に向かって突出するガイド軸を設け、側板の側面に、ガイド軸に勘合し傾斜を有する開閉ガイド片を設ける型枠であって、ハンドルを回動させることで、ガイド軸が開閉ガイド片の傾斜に沿って上下に移動することで、回転軸の回動に連動して妻板を開閉することができる型枠の開閉装置がある。 Some building materials that are molded by pouring a liquid material into a formwork and curing it are difficult or impossible to remove from the formwork in which the liquid material has been poured. Therefore, conventionally, as described in Patent Document 1, it consists of a bottom plate, two facing side plates standing on the left and right side edges of the bottom plate, and two facing end plates standing on both ends of the bottom plate, A rotating device with a handle on the upper surface of the plate and a rotating shaft that extends parallel to the end plate is attached. At both ends of the rotating shaft, the tip extends parallel to the outer surface of the side plate and moves up and down in conjunction with the rotation of the rotating shaft. A formwork provided with a lever that moves to the upper end of the lever, a guide shaft that protrudes toward the side plate at the tip of the lever, and an opening and closing guide piece that is fitted to the guide shaft and has an inclination on the side surface of the side plate. There is an opening and closing device for a formwork that can open and close the end plate in conjunction with the rotation of the rotating shaft by moving the guide shaft up and down along the inclination of the opening and closing guide piece.

さらに、特許文献1に記載される型枠の開閉装置を備える型枠に回転装置を回動させる電動モーターを備えることで、自動で妻板の開閉が行え、型枠の開閉可能な一部の開閉作業を自動ラインに組み込み、作業効率の向上及び安全性の向上が図れることが特許文献1に記載されている。 Furthermore, by providing an electric motor for rotating the rotating device in the formwork equipped with the formwork opening and closing device described in Patent Document 1, the end plate can be automatically opened and closed, and the part of the formwork that can be opened and closed can be opened and closed. Patent Document 1 describes that work can be incorporated into an automatic line to improve work efficiency and safety.

実開平6-23708号公報Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 6-23708

しかし、特許文献1に記載される型枠の開閉装置を導入するためには、回転装置、レバー、ガイド軸、開閉ガイド片を一つ一つの型枠に設ける必要があり、さらに、可動枠材の開閉作業を自動化するためには、回転装置を回動させる原動機となる電動モーターを一つ一つの型枠に設ける必要があり、多数の型枠によって建材を生産する生産工場では、費用が掛かる。 However, in order to introduce the opening and closing device for the formwork described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to provide each formwork with a rotating device, a lever, a guide shaft, and an opening and closing guide piece. In order to automate the opening and closing work, it is necessary to install an electric motor, which is the prime mover that rotates the rotating device, in each formwork, which is expensive in a production factory that produces building materials using a large number of formwork. .

本発明は、上記課題に鑑みてなされたものであって、一部が開閉可能な型枠と、自動ラインと、を備える建材の生産工場において、低コストで、可動枠材の開閉作業の自動ラインに組み込むことができる型枠の自動開閉システム、及び型枠の自動開閉システムを用いた建材の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a low-cost automatic opening and closing operation for movable frame members in a building material production factory equipped with a formwork that can be partially opened and closed and an automatic line. An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic formwork opening/closing system that can be incorporated into a production line, and a method for manufacturing building materials using the formwork automatic opening/closing system.

上記課題を解決するために本発明に掛かる型枠の自動開閉システムは、水平な板状の土台と、当該土台の上面から上方に立ち上がる板状の複数の枠材により形成され、前記枠材に囲われる内部に液体状材料を打設し建材を成型する型枠と、前記型枠を各作業エリアへ搬送する搬送装置と、前記搬送装置周りに配置される開閉装置と、を備える自動開閉システムであって、少なくとも1つの前記枠材は、建材を成型するときの姿勢である枠閉状態と、当該枠材の上端が前記枠閉状態よりも外部に広がって傾いた枠開状態と、に移行可能で、且つ前記枠閉状態又は前記枠開状態を維持可能な可動枠材であり、前記可動枠材は、当該可動枠材の上端に基端が固定され先端が外部に向かって突出する長尺な部材である開閉用突出部を備え、前記開閉装置は、下端が水平に広がる板部材でありL字型に形成されるフック部と、前記フック部を鉛直方向に移動させる第一移動機構と、前記開閉用突出部の長尺方向に垂直な水平方向に前記フック部を移動させる第二移動機構と、を備え、前記開閉装置により前記可動枠材を前記枠閉状態又は前記枠開状態に移行することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, an automatic opening and closing system for a formwork according to the present invention is formed by a horizontal plate-shaped base and a plurality of plate-shaped frame members rising upward from the upper surface of the base, and the frame member An automatic opening/closing system comprising: a formwork for casting a liquid material in an enclosed interior to form a building material; a transport device for transporting the formwork to each work area; and an opening/closing device arranged around the transport device. At least one of the frame members has a frame closed state, which is a posture when molding a building material, and a frame open state in which the upper end of the frame member spreads and tilts to the outside from the frame closed state. The movable frame member is movable and capable of maintaining the frame closed state or the frame open state, and the movable frame member has a base end fixed to an upper end of the movable frame member and a tip end protruding outward. The opening/closing device includes an opening/closing protrusion that is an elongated member, and the opening/closing device includes a hook portion that is a plate member whose lower end extends horizontally and is formed in an L shape, and a first movement that moves the hook portion in a vertical direction. and a second moving mechanism for moving the hook portion in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening/closing protrusion, wherein the opening/closing device moves the movable frame member to the frame closed state or the frame open state. It is characterized by transitioning to a state.

さらに、前記型枠は、開口部を有する建材を成型するものであり、前記開口部の外周の互いに対向する二つの面を成型する一対の前記枠材が、前記可動枠材であり、一対の前記可動枠材に夫々一つずつ備えられる二つの前記開閉用突出部は、互いの先端が接近し隙間をあけて隣り合うように前記可動枠材に固定され、一対の前記可動枠材が前記枠開状態であるときの一方の前記開閉用突出部の先端の下端と、他方の前記開閉用突出部の先端の下端と、の隙間の長さは、一対の前記可動枠材が前記枠閉状態であるときの前記開閉用突出部の長尺方向に垂直な水平方向の前記フック部の下端の長さより短いことを特徴とする。 Further, the formwork is for molding a building material having an opening, and the pair of frame members for molding the two opposing surfaces of the outer circumference of the opening is the movable frame member, The two opening/closing projections provided on the movable frame members are fixed to the movable frame members so that their tips are close to each other and are adjacent to each other with a gap, and the pair of movable frame members are connected to the movable frame members. The length of the gap between the lower end of the tip of one of the opening/closing protrusions in the frame open state and the lower end of the tip of the other opening/closing protrusion is It is characterized by being shorter than the length of the lower end of the hook portion in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening/closing protrusion when in the state.

さらに、前記型枠は、形状が異なる複数の種類があり、さらに、前記型枠の種類の数より少ない複数の前記開閉装置を備え、前記型枠の種類ごとに、いずれかの前記開閉装置によって前記可動枠材を前記枠閉状態又は前記枠開状態に移行させることができるように前記可動枠材に固定される前記開閉用突出部の位置が決められることを特徴とする。 Furthermore, the formwork has a plurality of types with different shapes, and further includes a plurality of the opening and closing devices that are fewer than the number of types of the formwork. A position of the opening/closing protrusion fixed to the movable frame member is determined so that the movable frame member can be shifted to the frame closed state or the frame open state.

さらに、前記搬送装置により搬送される前記型枠の種類を識別する型枠識別手段と、前記型枠識別手段により識別した前記型枠の種類に対応する前記開閉装置を選択する制御装置と、を備えることを特徴とする。 Further, a formwork identification means for identifying the type of the formwork conveyed by the conveying device, and a control device for selecting the opening/closing device corresponding to the type of the formwork identified by the formwork identification means. It is characterized by having

建材の製造方法であって、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の型枠の自動開閉システムにより、前記可動枠材を前記枠開状態から前記枠閉状態に移行させる工程と、前記型枠の前記内部に前記液体状材料を打設する工程と、前記型枠の前記内部の前記液体状材料を養生する工程と、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の型枠の自動開閉システムにより、前記可動枠材を前記枠閉状態から前記枠開状態に移行させる工程と、前記型枠の前記内部の固まった建材を脱型する工程と、を含むことを特徴とする。 A method for manufacturing a building material, comprising: shifting the movable frame member from the frame open state to the frame closed state by the automatic opening and closing system for the formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 4; A step of casting the liquid material in the inside of the mold, a step of curing the liquid material in the inside of the mold, and the automatic opening and closing system for the mold according to any one of claims 1 to 4. a step of shifting the movable frame member from the frame closed state to the frame open state; and a step of demolding the hardened building material inside the formwork.

本発明に係る型枠の自動開閉システムによると、可動枠材を自動で開閉するための開閉装置を、多数の型枠が共用して使用できるように型枠とは別に独立させることで、一つ一つの型枠に備える部材を少なくし抵コストで可動枠材の開閉作業の自動化を導入できる。 According to the automatic opening and closing system for the formwork according to the present invention, the opening and closing device for automatically opening and closing the movable frame members is independent from the formwork so that it can be shared by many formwork. It is possible to introduce automation of the opening and closing work of the movable frame member at low cost by reducing the number of members provided for each formwork.

さらに、開閉用突出部を上方から下方に押下げることで、可動枠材が開閉用突出部に連動して当該可動枠材の上端が外部に向かって広がるように傾き、当該可動枠材は枠開状態に移行でき、開閉用突出部を下方から上方に持ち上げることで、可動枠材が開閉用突出部に連動して当該可動枠材の上端が内部に向かって傾き、当該可動枠材は枠閉状態に移行できる。そのため、型枠に備える部材は、一つの可動枠材に対して一つの開閉用突出部だけで良いので、抵コストで可動枠材の開閉作業の自動化を導入できる。 Furthermore, by pushing down the opening/closing protrusion from above, the movable frame member is linked to the opening/closing protrusion and tilts such that the upper end of the movable frame member spreads outward, and the movable frame member moves toward the frame. When the opening/closing protrusion is lifted upward from below, the upper end of the movable frame member tilts toward the inside in conjunction with the opening/closing protrusion, and the movable frame member moves toward the frame. Can move to closed state. For this reason, only one projecting part for opening and closing is required for one movable frame member as a member provided in the formwork, so that the opening and closing operation of the movable frame member can be automated at a low cost.

さらに、一つの開閉装置で、一対の可動枠材に備えられる二本の開閉用突出部を同時に下方から上方に持ち上げる、又は同時に上方から下方に押し下げることが可能で、一対の可動枠材を同時に枠閉状態又は枠開状態に移行させることができ、作業時間の短縮をおこなうことができる。 Furthermore, with one opening/closing device, the two opening/closing protrusions provided on the pair of movable frame members can be simultaneously lifted upward from below or pushed downward from above at the same time, and the pair of movable frame members can be simultaneously opened. It is possible to shift to the frame-closed state or the frame-open state, thereby shortening the working time.

さらに、型枠識別手段により型枠の種類を識別し、制御装置により識別した型枠の種類に対応するいずれかの開閉装置を選択することで、異なる形状の型枠が順番に流れてきても、自動で可動枠材を枠閉状態、又は枠開状態に移行させることができる。 Furthermore, by identifying the type of formwork by the formwork identification means and selecting one of the opening and closing devices corresponding to the type of formwork identified by the control device, even if formwork of different shapes flow in order , the movable frame member can be automatically shifted to the frame-closed state or the frame-open state.

本発明の一実施形態に係る型枠を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the formwork which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態に係る型枠により成型される建材を示す斜視図である。1 is a perspective view showing a building material molded by a formwork according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 本発明の一実施形態に係る型枠の可動支持部、第一挟持部及び第二挟持部を示す斜視図である。FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a movable support portion, a first clamping portion, and a second clamping portion of the mold according to one embodiment of the present invention; 本発明の一実施形態に係る可動枠材が枠閉状態になることを示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing that the movable frame member according to the embodiment of the present invention is in a frame-closed state; 本発明の一実施形態に係る可動枠材が枠開状態になることを示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing that the movable frame member according to one embodiment of the present invention is in a frame-open state; 本発明の一実施形態に係る可動枠材の枠閉状態及び枠閉状態を示す断面図である。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a closed state and a closed state of a movable frame member according to one embodiment of the present invention; 本発明の一実施形態に係る開閉装置を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view showing an opening-and-closing device concerning one embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の一実施形態に係る開閉装置配置台を示す斜視図である。1 is a perspective view showing a switchgear mounting base according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 本発明の一実施形態に係る型枠の自動開閉システムの様子を示す斜視図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a state of an automatic opening and closing system for a formwork according to an embodiment of the present invention; 本発明の一実施形態に係る開閉用突出部の固定位置を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a fixing position of an opening/closing projection according to one embodiment of the present invention; 本発明の一実施形態に係る可動枠材を枠開状態から枠閉状態に移行させる様子を示す一部断面図である。FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing how the movable frame member according to the embodiment of the present invention is shifted from a frame-open state to a frame-closed state; 本発明の一実施形態に係る可動枠材を枠閉状態から枠開状態に移行させる様子を示す一部断面図である。FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing how the movable frame member according to the embodiment of the present invention is shifted from a closed state to an opened state. 本発明の一実施形態に係る可動枠材を枠開状態から枠閉状態に移行させるフロー図である。FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for transitioning the movable frame member according to the embodiment of the present invention from the frame-open state to the frame-closed state; 本発明の一実施形態に係る可動枠材を枠閉状態から枠開状態に移行させるフロー図である。FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for transitioning the movable frame member according to the embodiment of the present invention from a frame-closed state to a frame-open state; 本発明の一実施形態に係る建材の製造装置方法を示すフロー図である。1 is a flow diagram showing a method for manufacturing a building material according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

本発明に係る型枠の自動開閉システムの一実施形態について、以下、図面を参照しつつ説明する。始めに、本実施形態の型枠について説明する。本実施形態には、形状の異なる複数の種類の型枠が用いられるが、代表として型枠10について説明する。型枠10は、図1に示すように、枠材11である四つの外枠材12及び四つの内枠材13と、土台20と、によって形成される。外枠材12及び内枠材13は、上方に立ち上がる板状であり、上端が外部29側にフランジ状に広がって形成されるものである。土台20は、水平方向に長方形に広がり、上面が平らな板状である。型枠10は、長方形を形成するように四つの外枠材12の下端が土台20の上面に溶接によって固定され、四つの外枠材12によって形成された長方形の内側に、長方形を形成するように四つの内枠材13の下端が土台20の上面に溶接によって固定されることで形成される。そして、土台20に固定された外枠材12と、内枠材13と、の間に液体状材料であるコンクリートを打設し、養生後に脱型することで建材100を得ることができる型枠である。また、型枠10によって成型される建材100は、図2に示すように、開口部を有する壁に貼り付けられる開口部101を有する外壁材であり、壁に平行で屋外に露出する面104と、開口部101の外周102の互いに対向する二つの面103と、に凹凸模様を有し、厚みがあるコンクリート製の外壁材である。内部28とは、図1に示すように、型枠の液体状材料が打設される部分のことであり、外部29とは、型枠の土台20の上面及び枠材11に面し、液体状材料が打設されない部分のことであり、内部28から見て、枠材11を挟んで反対側になる部分のことである。 An embodiment of an automatic opening/closing system for a formwork according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, the formwork of this embodiment will be described. A plurality of types of molds having different shapes are used in this embodiment, and the mold 10 will be described as a representative. As shown in FIG. 1, the mold 10 is formed by four outer frame members 12 and four inner frame members 13, which are frame members 11, and a base 20. As shown in FIG. The outer frame member 12 and the inner frame member 13 are in the form of plates rising upward, and the upper ends thereof are formed so as to spread toward the outside 29 in a flange shape. The base 20 is in the form of a plate extending horizontally in a rectangular shape and having a flat upper surface. The formwork 10 is formed by fixing the lower ends of the four outer frame members 12 to the upper surface of the base 20 by welding so as to form a rectangle, and forming a rectangle inside the rectangle formed by the four outer frame members 12. are formed by fixing the lower ends of the four inner frame members 13 to the upper surface of the base 20 by welding. Then, concrete, which is a liquid material, is placed between the outer frame member 12 fixed to the base 20 and the inner frame member 13, and the building material 100 can be obtained by demolding after curing. is. As shown in FIG. 2, the building material 100 molded by the formwork 10 is an exterior wall material having an opening 101 that is attached to a wall having an opening. , two surfaces 103 facing each other on the outer periphery 102 of the opening 101, and an outer wall material made of concrete having an uneven pattern and having a thickness. The interior 28 is, as shown in FIG. It is a portion where no shaped material is placed, and is a portion on the opposite side of the frame member 11 when viewed from the inside 28 .

そして、図1に示すように、各枠材11の内部28側の面及び土台20の内部28に面する上面には、可撓性を有するマットが貼り付けられる。型枠10によって成型する外壁材の壁に平行で屋外に露出する面104と、外壁材の開口部101の外周102の互いに対向する二つの面103と、に凹凸模様をつけるため、外壁材の壁に平行で屋外に露出する面104を成型する土台20の上面に貼り付けられるマットと、外壁材の開口部101の外周102の互いに対向する二つの面103を成型する一対の内枠材13の内部28側の面に貼り付けられるマットと、は、液体状材料と触れる面に凹凸模様を有する。しかしながら、型枠10の内部28に液体材料を打設し、養生すると、一対の内枠材13によって成型される建材100の面にできる凹凸模様と、一対の内枠材13に貼り付けられるマットの凹凸模様と、の勘合によって、建材100を型枠10から上方に引き上げ脱型することができない。そのため、建材100を型枠10から上方に引き上げ脱型することができるように一対の内枠材13の夫々が後述する可動枠材14となっている。型枠10を上方から見下ろしたとき、長方形である土台20の長手方向に平行な二枚の内枠材13が、凹凸模様を有するマットが貼り付けられる一対の内枠材13である。 Then, as shown in FIG. 1, a flexible mat is attached to the surface of each frame member 11 on the side of the interior 28 and the upper surface of the base 20 facing the interior 28 . The surface 104 of the exterior wall material molded by the formwork 10 is parallel to the wall and exposed to the outside, and the two surfaces 103 of the outer periphery 102 of the opening 101 of the exterior wall material facing each other are provided with an uneven pattern. A mat affixed to the upper surface of a base 20 forming a surface 104 parallel to the wall and exposed to the outdoors, and a pair of inner frame members 13 forming two mutually opposing surfaces 103 of the outer periphery 102 of the opening 101 of the outer wall material. The mat that is attached to the surface on the inner side 28 of the has an uneven pattern on the surface that comes into contact with the liquid material. However, when the liquid material is poured into the inside 28 of the formwork 10 and cured, an uneven pattern is formed on the surface of the building material 100 molded by the pair of inner frame members 13, and the mat stuck to the pair of inner frame members 13. Due to the uneven pattern and the fit, the building material 100 cannot be lifted upward from the formwork 10 and removed from the mold. Therefore, each of the pair of inner frame members 13 serves as a movable frame member 14 to be described later so that the building material 100 can be lifted upward from the formwork 10 and demolded. When the mold 10 is viewed from above, two inner frame members 13 parallel to the longitudinal direction of a rectangular base 20 are a pair of inner frame members 13 to which a mat having an uneven pattern is attached.

可動枠材14は、当該可動枠材14の外部29側の面に、図1に示すように、外部29に向かって伸びる可動支持部15が二箇所に溶接されている。可動支持部15は、可動枠材14に対して垂直で且つ鉛直に形成される平板状である。可動支持部15は、図3に示すように、当該可動支持部15の可動枠材14に近い側に二つのピン孔16が形成され、当該可動支持部15のピン孔16よりも可動枠材14から離れた位置に後述するボールプランジャ22のボール23を受ける二つのボール受部17が形成される。ボール受部17は、球面状に窪んでおりボール23がはまり込む形状である。また、土台20には、可動支持部15を挟持するように第一不動挟持部21及び第二不動挟持部26が固定される。 As shown in FIG. 1, the movable frame member 14 has two movable support portions 15 welded to the surface of the movable frame member 14 on the outside 29 side, and extends toward the outside 29 . The movable support portion 15 has a flat plate shape that is perpendicular to and perpendicular to the movable frame member 14 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the movable support portion 15 has two pin holes 16 formed on the side of the movable support portion 15 closer to the movable frame member 14 , and the movable frame member is closer to the movable frame member than the pin holes 16 of the movable support portion 15 . 14, two ball receiving portions 17 for receiving balls 23 of a ball plunger 22, which will be described later, are formed. The ball receiving portion 17 is spherically recessed and has a shape into which the ball 23 is fitted. A first immovable clamping portion 21 and a second immovable clamping portion 26 are fixed to the base 20 so as to clamp the movable support portion 15 .

第一不動挟持部21は、図1、図4及び図5に示すように、可動支持部15の一方の面に当接する平板状である。第一不動挟持部21は、当該第一不動挟持部21の下面が土台20の外部29に面する上面に溶接により固定される。第一不動挟持部21には、図3に示すように、ピン孔16に連通する二つの長孔30が形成され、当該長孔30よりも可動枠材14から離れる方向に二つのボールプランジャ22が設けられる。ボールプランジャ22は、可動支持部15のボール受部17にはめ合わされるボール23と、当該ボールを可動支持部15に押し付けるコイルバネの付勢部24と、当該付勢部24がボール23を可動支持部15に押し付ける付勢力を調整するために、付勢部24の可動支持部15との距離を調整するボルト及びナットからなる調整部25と、を有する。 1, 4 and 5, the first stationary holding portion 21 is in the form of a flat plate that contacts one surface of the movable support portion 15. As shown in FIGS. The lower surface of the first immovable clamping portion 21 is fixed to the upper surface of the base 20 facing the outside 29 by welding. 3, two long holes 30 communicating with the pin holes 16 are formed in the first stationary clamping part 21, and two ball plungers 22 extend in a direction away from the movable frame member 14 from the long holes 30. is provided. The ball plunger 22 includes a ball 23 fitted to the ball receiving portion 17 of the movable support portion 15, a biasing portion 24 of a coil spring that presses the ball against the movable support portion 15, and the biasing portion 24 movably supports the ball 23. In order to adjust the biasing force that presses against the portion 15, it has an adjusting portion 25 consisting of a bolt and a nut that adjusts the distance between the biasing portion 24 and the movable support portion 15.

また、第二不動挟持部26は、図1、図4及び図5に示すように、可動支持部15の他方の面に当接する平板状である。第二不動挟持部26は、当該第二不動挟持部26の下面が土台20の外部29に面する上面に溶接により固定される。第二不動挟持部26には、図3に示すように、第一不動挟持部21と同様に、ピン孔16に連通する二つの長孔30が形成される。また、第二不動挟持部26には、メンテナンス蓋によって閉じられたメンテナンス開口31が形成され、可動支持部15の二つのボール受部17が摩耗した場合には交換を行うことができる。 1, 4 and 5, the second immovable holding portion 26 has a flat plate shape that contacts the other surface of the movable support portion 15. As shown in FIGS. The bottom surface of the second immovable clamping portion 26 is fixed to the top surface of the base 20 facing the outside 29 by welding. As shown in FIG. 3 , the second stationary clamping portion 26 is formed with two long holes 30 communicating with the pin holes 16 in the same manner as the first stationary clamping portion 21 . A maintenance opening 31 closed by a maintenance lid is formed in the second stationary clamping portion 26, so that when the two ball receiving portions 17 of the movable support portion 15 wear out, they can be replaced.

可動支持部15の二つのピン孔16には、図3に示すように、それぞれ可動ピン27が、当該可動ピン27の両端が突出するように挿入されて固定される。図4及び図5に示すように、可動支持部15は、第一不動挟持部21及び第二不動挟持部26の間に挟まれており、ピン孔16に挿入される二つの可動ピン27の両端が、第一不動挟持部21及び第二不動挟持部26の二つの長孔30にそれぞれ挿入された状態となっている。可動ピン27は、それぞれの長孔30に沿って摺動可能であり、可動支持部15も可動ピン27の摺動に従って姿勢を変更可能である。そして、可動支持部15が固定されている可動枠材14も可動支持部15の動きに従って姿勢を変更可能である。したがって、可動ピン27が第一不動挟持部21及び第二不動挟持部26の長孔30の中で摺動することによって、可動枠材14は、図6の(a)に示すように、液体状材料を打設し養生し建材100を成型するときの姿勢である枠閉状態と、図6の(b)に示すように、枠材の上端が枠閉状態よりも外部29に広がって傾いた枠開状態と、に移行可能であり、脱型作業のときに一対の可動枠材14を枠閉状態から枠開状態に移行させることで、一対の可動枠材14によって成型される建材100の面にできる凹凸模様と、一対の可動枠材14に貼り付けられるマットの凹凸模様と、の勘合を解き、建材100を型枠から上方に引き上げ脱型することが可能である。 As shown in FIG. 3, movable pins 27 are inserted into and fixed to the two pin holes 16 of the movable support portion 15 so that both ends of the movable pins 27 protrude. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , the movable support portion 15 is sandwiched between the first stationary clamping portion 21 and the second stationary clamping portion 26 , and the two movable pins 27 inserted into the pin holes 16 are separated from each other. Both ends are inserted into the two long holes 30 of the first immovable clamping portion 21 and the second immovable clamping portion 26, respectively. The movable pins 27 are slidable along the respective elongated holes 30 , and the movable support portion 15 can also change its posture according to the sliding of the movable pins 27 . The movable frame member 14 to which the movable support portion 15 is fixed can also change its posture according to the movement of the movable support portion 15 . Therefore, when the movable pin 27 slides in the elongated hole 30 of the first stationary clamping portion 21 and the second stationary clamping portion 26, the movable frame member 14 is held in the liquid state as shown in FIG. 6(a). 6B, the upper end of the frame member spreads and tilts to the outside 29 from the frame closed state, as shown in FIG. 6B. A building material 100 molded by the pair of movable frame members 14 by shifting the pair of movable frame members 14 from the frame closed state to the frame open state during demolding work. The uneven pattern formed on the surface of the frame member 14 and the uneven pattern of the mat attached to the pair of movable frame members 14 are disengaged, and the building material 100 can be lifted upward from the formwork and demolded.

また、図4に示すように、二つの可動ピン27が長孔30の上端に位置するとき、可動枠材14は枠閉状態となり、二つの可動ピン27が長孔30の下端に位置するとき、可動枠材14は枠開状態となる。そして、図5に示すように、可動枠材14が枠閉状態のとき、第一不動挟持部21に設けられた二つのボールプランジャ22のうち、可動枠材14に近い側のボールプランジャ22の先端に設けられたボール23が、可動支持部15のボール受部17にはまり込んで、可動支持部15の姿勢の変更を規制する。したがって、可動枠材14は枠閉状態を維持することが可能である。また、可動枠材14が枠開状態のとき、第一不動挟持部21に設けられた二つのボールプランジャ22のうち、可動枠材14に遠い側のボールプランジャ22の先端に設けられたボール23が、可動支持部15のボール受部17にはまり込んで、可動支持部15の姿勢変更を規制する。したがって、可動枠材14は枠開状態を維持することが可能である。 As shown in FIG. 4, when the two movable pins 27 are positioned at the upper ends of the elongated holes 30, the movable frame member 14 is in the closed state, and when the two movable pins 27 are positioned at the lower ends of the elongated holes 30, the movable frame member 14 is closed. , the movable frame member 14 is opened. As shown in FIG. 5, when the movable frame member 14 is in the closed state, the ball plunger 22 closer to the movable frame member 14 out of the two ball plungers 22 provided in the first stationary clamping portion 21 is A ball 23 provided at the tip fits into the ball receiving portion 17 of the movable support portion 15 to restrict the change of the posture of the movable support portion 15 . Therefore, the movable frame member 14 can maintain the closed state. Further, when the movable frame member 14 is in the open state, the ball 23 provided at the tip of the ball plunger 22 farther from the movable frame member 14 out of the two ball plungers 22 provided in the first stationary holding portion 21 However, it gets stuck in the ball receiving portion 17 of the movable support portion 15 and restricts the change in posture of the movable support portion 15 . Therefore, the movable frame member 14 can maintain the open state.

さらに、図1及び図6に示すように、型枠10の一対の可動枠材14の夫々の上端には、長尺な板状の部材である開閉用突出部18が一つずつ備えられる。開閉用突出部18は、可動枠材14が枠閉状態であるときに、当該開閉用突出部18の先端が外部29に向かって水平に突出するように当該開閉用突出部18の基端が可動枠材14の上端に固定される。したがって、開閉用突出部18を上方から下方に押し下げることで、当該開閉用突出部18が固定される可動枠材14の上端を外部29側に向かって回転させ、可動枠材14を枠開状態に移行することができ、開閉用突出部18を下方から上方に持ち上げることで、当該開閉用突出部18が固定される可動枠材14の上端を内部28側に向かって回転させ、可動枠材14を枠閉状態に移行させることができる。開閉用突出部18が可動枠材14の上端に固定される位置については後述するが、一対の可動枠材14の夫々に一つずつ備えられる二つの開閉用突出部18は、同じ形状同じ大きさであり、互いの先端が、接近し隙間をあけて隣り合うように一直線上に固定される。 Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, each upper end of the pair of movable frame members 14 of the mold 10 is provided with one opening/closing protrusion 18 which is a long plate-like member. The base end of the opening/closing protrusion 18 projects horizontally toward the outside 29 when the movable frame member 14 is in the closed state. It is fixed to the upper end of the movable frame member 14 . Therefore, by pushing down the opening/closing projecting portion 18 from above, the upper end of the movable frame member 14 to which the opening/closing projecting portion 18 is fixed is rotated toward the outside 29, and the movable frame member 14 is moved to the open state. By lifting the opening/closing protrusion 18 upward, the upper end of the movable frame member 14 to which the opening/closing protrusion 18 is fixed is rotated toward the inside 28 side, and the movable frame member 14 can be moved to the frame closed state. The position where the opening/closing protrusion 18 is fixed to the upper end of the movable frame member 14 will be described later, but the two opening/closing protrusions 18 provided on each of the pair of movable frame members 14 have the same shape and size. and are fixed in line so that their ends are close together and adjacent to each other with a gap between them.

そして、型枠10は搬送装置90に載置され、各作業エリアへ搬送される。搬送装置90は、各作業エリアである型枠の保管エリアと、型枠に液体状材料を打設する打設エリアと、打設した液体状材料を養生する養生エリアと、及び型枠から固まった建材100を脱型する脱型作業エリアと、に繋がるコンベアである。また、本実施形態で使用される全ての型枠は、同じ形状同じ大きさの土台20を備える型枠であり、本実施形態で使用される全ての型枠は、図9に示すように、搬送装置90の搬送方向91と、土台20の長手方向と、が平行になる向きで搬送装置90に載置される。そのため、可動枠材14に垂直に固定される開閉用突出部18の長尺方向は、搬送方向91に対して垂直になっている。 Then, the mold 10 is placed on the transport device 90 and transported to each work area. The conveying device 90 includes a storage area for the formwork, which is each work area, a casting area for casting the liquid material into the formwork, a curing area for curing the cast liquid material, and a hardening area from the formwork. It is a conveyor connected to a demolding work area for demolding the building material 100 that has been built. In addition, all the molds used in this embodiment are molds provided with the base 20 of the same shape and size, and all the molds used in this embodiment are, as shown in FIG. It is placed on the conveying device 90 so that the conveying direction 91 of the conveying device 90 and the longitudinal direction of the base 20 are parallel to each other. Therefore, the longitudinal direction of the opening/closing projecting portion 18 that is vertically fixed to the movable frame member 14 is perpendicular to the conveying direction 91 .

次に、本実施形態の開閉装置40について説明する。開閉装置40は、図7に示すように、第一移動機構41と、中間プレート45と、第二移動機構46と、ガイド部50と、フック部53と、を備える。第一移動機構41は、後述するフック部53を鉛直方向に移動させるものであり、図7に示す箱型のエアシリンダーと、図示しない移動機構制御装置により構成され、エアシリンダーは、一方向に伸縮する長尺な円柱状のピストンロッド42と、ピストンロッド42と平行に並びピストンロッド42の伸縮に連動して同じ方向に伸縮する二本の長尺な円柱状のガイドロッド43と、ピストンロッド42及びガイドロッド43の先端に固定される長方形であるプレート44と、を有する。また、第一移動機構41は、後述するフック部53の鉛直方向についての位置を検知する機能を有し、本実施形態では、ピストンロッド42の位置を検知する図示しない四つのオートスイッチを備え、ピストンロッド42の位置を検知することで、後述するフック部53の鉛直方向についての位置を検知する。四つのオートスイッチは、後述するフック部53が最も上方にある時のピストンロッド42の位置と、後述するフック部53が中間位置59にある時のピストンロッド42の位置と、後述するフック部53が中間位置60にある時のピストンロッド42の位置と、後述するフック部53が最も下方にある時のピストンロッド42の位置と、を検知することができる。中間位置59は、図6の(a)に示すように、後述する接触部57の上面の高さが、可動枠材14が枠閉状態であるときの開閉用突出部18の下面の高さと、同じ高さになるときのピストンロッド42の位置である。そして、中間位置60は、図6の(b)に示すように、可動枠材14が枠開状態であるときに、第二移動機構46により後述する接触部57が開閉用突出部18の上方に位置するように後述するフック部53を移動させ、その後に、接触部57の下面が、開閉用突出部18の上面に触れるまで第一移動機構41により後述するフック部53を下方に移動させたときのピストンロッド42の位置である。 Next, the opening/closing device 40 of this embodiment will be described. The opening/closing device 40 includes a first moving mechanism 41, an intermediate plate 45, a second moving mechanism 46, a guide portion 50, and a hook portion 53, as shown in FIG. The first moving mechanism 41 moves a hook portion 53 described later in the vertical direction, and is composed of a box-shaped air cylinder shown in FIG. 7 and a moving mechanism control device (not shown). A long columnar piston rod 42 that expands and contracts, two long columnar guide rods 43 that are aligned in parallel with the piston rod 42 and expand and contract in the same direction as the piston rod 42 expands and contracts, and the piston rod. 42 and a rectangular plate 44 fixed to the tip of the guide rod 43 . In addition, the first moving mechanism 41 has a function of detecting the position of the hook portion 53 in the vertical direction, which will be described later. In this embodiment, four auto switches (not shown) for detecting the position of the piston rod 42 By detecting the position of the piston rod 42, the vertical position of the hook portion 53, which will be described later, is detected. The four auto switches correspond to the position of the piston rod 42 when the hook portion 53 (to be described later) is at the highest position, the position of the piston rod 42 when the hook portion 53 (to be described later) is at an intermediate position 59, and the hook portion 53 (to be described later). is at the intermediate position 60, and the position of the piston rod 42 when the hook portion 53, which will be described later, is at the lowest position. At the intermediate position 59, as shown in FIG. 6A, the height of the upper surface of the contact portion 57, which will be described later, is equal to the height of the lower surface of the opening/closing projecting portion 18 when the movable frame member 14 is in the closed state. , the position of the piston rod 42 when they are at the same height. At the intermediate position 60, as shown in FIG. 6B, when the movable frame member 14 is in the frame-open state, the second moving mechanism 46 moves the contact portion 57, which will be described later, above the opening/closing projecting portion 18. After that, the first moving mechanism 41 moves the hook portion 53 described later downward until the lower surface of the contact portion 57 touches the upper surface of the opening/closing protrusion 18. This is the position of the piston rod 42 when the

中間プレート45は、図7に示すように、第一移動機構41に、後述する第二移動機構46と、後述するガイド部50と、を固定するためのものであり、長方形の板状である。中間プレート45は、当該中間プレート45の長手方向がプレート44の長手方向と同じ方向且つ当該中間プレート45の短手方向がプレート44の短手方向と同じ方向になる姿勢で、当該中間プレート45の長手方向の中央と、プレート44の長手方向の中央と、が上下に重なるように、プレート44の下面に中間プレート45の上面が図示しないネジによって固定される。 As shown in FIG. 7, the intermediate plate 45 is for fixing the second moving mechanism 46 (to be described later) and the guide part 50 (to be described later) to the first moving mechanism 41, and has a rectangular plate shape. . The intermediate plate 45 is positioned such that the longitudinal direction of the intermediate plate 45 is the same as the longitudinal direction of the plate 44 and the lateral direction of the intermediate plate 45 is the same as the lateral direction of the plate 44 . The upper surface of the intermediate plate 45 is fixed to the lower surface of the plate 44 by screws (not shown) such that the longitudinal center and the longitudinal center of the plate 44 are vertically overlapped.

第二移動機構46は、後述するフック部53を水平方向に移動させるものであり、第二移動機構46は、図7に示す長尺な筒状のエアシリンダーと、図示しない移動機構制御装置により構成され、長尺な筒状のエアシリンダーは、一方向に伸縮する長尺な円柱状で先端が雌ネジであるピストンロッド47を有する。そして、ピストンロッド47が水平方向に伸縮できる姿勢で、中間プレート45の下面に図示しないサドルバンド及びネジによって固定される。また、第二移動機構46は、後述するフック部53の水平方向についての位置を検知する機能を有し、本実施形態では、ピストンロッド47の位置を検知する図示しない二つのオートスイッチを備え、ピストンロッド47の位置を検知することで、後述するフック部53の水平方向についての位置を検知する。二つのオートスイッチは、後述するフック部53が最も後退方向49側にある時のピストンロッド47の位置と、後述するフック部53が最も前進方向48側にある時のピストンロッド47の位置と、を検知することができる。前進方向48とは、第二移動機構46のピストンロッド47が伸びることによってフック部53が移動する方向であり、後退方向49とは、第二移動機構46のピストンロッド47が縮むことによってフック部53が移動する方向のことである。 The second moving mechanism 46 horizontally moves a hook portion 53, which will be described later. The long tubular air cylinder has a long cylindrical piston rod 47 that expands and contracts in one direction and has a female screw at the tip. The piston rod 47 is fixed to the lower surface of the intermediate plate 45 by a saddle band and screws (not shown) in a horizontally extendable posture. Further, the second moving mechanism 46 has a function of detecting the position of the hook portion 53 in the horizontal direction, which will be described later. In this embodiment, two auto switches (not shown) for detecting the position of the piston rod 47 By detecting the position of the piston rod 47, the horizontal position of the hook portion 53, which will be described later, is detected. The two auto switches are the position of the piston rod 47 when the hook portion 53 described later is on the backward direction 49 side, and the position of the piston rod 47 when the hook portion 53 described later is on the forward direction 48 side. can be detected. The forward direction 48 is the direction in which the hook portion 53 moves as the piston rod 47 of the second moving mechanism 46 extends, and the backward direction 49 is the hook portion as the piston rod 47 of the second moving mechanism 46 contracts. It is the direction in which 53 moves.

ガイド部50は、図7に示すように、長尺なレール51と、レール51に勘合しレール51に沿って摺動するスライダー52と、から構成され、後述するフック部53を支え且つフック部53の動きを誘導するものである。レール51の長尺方向の長さは、後述するスライダー52がピストンロッド47の伸縮に連動して摺動できる長さである。そして、レール51は、レール51の長尺方向がピストンロッド47の伸縮方向と同じ方向になり、スライダー52が下側になる姿勢で、中間プレート45の長手方向の中央と、レール51の長手方向の中央と、が上下に重なり且つ第二移動機構46と、レール51と、が中間プレート45の下面で隣り合うように、レール51の上面が中間プレート45の下面に図示しないネジによって固定される。 As shown in FIG. 7, the guide portion 50 is composed of an elongated rail 51 and a slider 52 that fits into the rail 51 and slides along the rail 51. The guide portion 50 supports a hook portion 53, which will be described later. 53 to induce movement. The length of the rail 51 in the longitudinal direction is such that the slider 52 (to be described later) can slide in conjunction with the expansion and contraction of the piston rod 47 . The longitudinal direction of the rail 51 is in the same direction as the extension/contraction direction of the piston rod 47, and the slider 52 is on the lower side. The upper surface of the rail 51 is fixed to the lower surface of the intermediate plate 45 by a screw (not shown) such that the center and the second moving mechanism 46 and the rail 51 are adjacent to each other on the lower surface of the intermediate plate 45. .

フック部53は、第一移動機構41及び第二移動機構46により移動することで、開閉用突出部18に係合し、開閉用突出部18を押し下げる又は持ち上げるものであり、図7に示すように、第一固定部54と、第二固定部55と、下垂部56と、接触部57と、から構成される。第一固定部54は、図7に示すように、フック部53をガイド部50に固定するためのものであり、長方形の水平に広がる板状である。第一固定部54の長手方向の長さは、レール51の長尺方向と同じ方向のスライダー52の長さより長い。そして、第一固定部54の長手方向がレール51の長尺方向と同じ方向になる姿勢で、第一固定部54の上面がスライダー52の下面に図示しないネジによって固定される。このとき、第一固定部54は、スライダー52から前進方向48にはみ出すように、スライダー52に固定される。 The hook portion 53 is moved by the first moving mechanism 41 and the second moving mechanism 46 to engage with the opening/closing projecting portion 18 and push down or lift the opening/closing projecting portion 18, as shown in FIG. Furthermore, it is composed of a first fixing portion 54 , a second fixing portion 55 , a hanging portion 56 and a contact portion 57 . As shown in FIG. 7, the first fixing portion 54 is for fixing the hook portion 53 to the guide portion 50, and has a rectangular plate shape extending horizontally. The longitudinal length of the first fixing portion 54 is longer than the length of the slider 52 in the same direction as the longitudinal direction of the rail 51 . Then, the upper surface of the first fixing portion 54 is fixed to the lower surface of the slider 52 with a screw (not shown) in such a posture that the longitudinal direction of the first fixing portion 54 is the same as the longitudinal direction of the rail 51 . At this time, the first fixing portion 54 is fixed to the slider 52 so as to protrude from the slider 52 in the forward direction 48 .

第二固定部55は、図7に示すように、フック部53をピストンロッド47に固定するためのものであり、長尺な板状である。第二固定部55は、ピストンロッド47の伸縮方向に対して垂直に広がり、水平方向に長尺になる姿勢であり、前進方向48から後退方向49に向かって見ると、当該第二固定部55と、ピストンロッド47と、が重なるように、当該第二固定部55の下面の一部が、第一固定部54のスライダー52から前進方向48にはみ出した上面に溶接によって固定される。また、第二固定部55は、前進方向48から後退方向49に向かって見たときに、当該第二固定部55と、ピストンロッド47と、が重なる位置にピストンロッド47の先端を通すことのできる孔を有する。そして、孔にピストンロッド47の先端を貫通させ、ピストンロッド47に通した二つのナット61によってピストンロッド47と、第二固定部55と、を両側から締め付けるように固定する。したがって、ピストンロッド47の伸縮によりフック部53は、前進方向48及び後退方向49に移動可能となる。このとき、ガイド部50にも固定されるフック部53は、当該フック部53の移動をガイド部50に誘導されることで、安定した動きが可能となる。加えて、第二固定部55は、当該第二固定部55と、ガイド部50のレール51と、が干渉しないように、当該第二固定部55の上端の一部が凹んだように形成される。 As shown in FIG. 7, the second fixing portion 55 is for fixing the hook portion 53 to the piston rod 47 and has an elongated plate shape. The second fixing portion 55 extends vertically with respect to the direction of expansion and contraction of the piston rod 47 and is elongated in the horizontal direction. A portion of the lower surface of the second fixing portion 55 is fixed by welding to the upper surface of the first fixing portion 54 protruding from the slider 52 in the forward direction 48 so that the . In addition, when viewed from the forward direction 48 toward the backward direction 49, the second fixing portion 55 and the piston rod 47 are overlapped with each other so that the tip of the piston rod 47 can be passed therethrough. It has a hole that can be made. Then, the tip of the piston rod 47 is passed through the hole, and two nuts 61 passed through the piston rod 47 are used to fix the piston rod 47 and the second fixing portion 55 so as to be tightened from both sides. Therefore, the hook portion 53 can move in the forward direction 48 and the backward direction 49 due to the expansion and contraction of the piston rod 47 . At this time, the hook portion 53 that is also fixed to the guide portion 50 can move stably by guiding the movement of the hook portion 53 to the guide portion 50 . In addition, the second fixing portion 55 is formed such that a part of the upper end of the second fixing portion 55 is recessed so that the second fixing portion 55 and the rail 51 of the guide portion 50 do not interfere with each other. be.

下垂部56は、図7に示すように、長方形の板状である。下垂部56の長手方向の長さは、図11の(c)に示すように、可動枠材14が枠開状態であるときに、フック部53と、開閉用突出部18と、が干渉することなく第一固定部54の下面と、後述する接触部57の上面と、の間に、開閉用突出部18を入れることができる長さである。そして、下垂部56は、当該下垂部56の長手方向が鉛直方向と同じ方向且つ当該下垂部56の短手方向が第一固定部54の短手方向と同じ方向になる姿勢で、当該下垂部56の上端が第一固定部54の下面の後退方向49側に溶接によって固定される。また、下垂部56には、当該下垂部56の座屈を防止するために、図示しない板状であるスチフナーが備えられる。スチフナーは、下垂部56に垂直な姿勢で、下垂部56の後退方向49側の面と、下垂部56より後退方向49側の第一固定部54の下面と、下垂部56より後退方向49側の後述する接触部57の上面と、に溶接によって固定される。 As shown in FIG. 7, the hanging portion 56 has a rectangular plate shape. As shown in FIG. 11C, the length of the hanging portion 56 in the longitudinal direction is such that the hook portion 53 interferes with the opening/closing projecting portion 18 when the movable frame member 14 is in the frame-open state. The length is such that the opening/closing projecting portion 18 can be inserted between the lower surface of the first fixing portion 54 and the upper surface of the contact portion 57 described later. Then, the drooping portion 56 is oriented such that the longitudinal direction of the drooping portion 56 is the same as the vertical direction and the short side direction of the drooping portion 56 is the same as the short side direction of the first fixing portion 54 . The upper end of 56 is fixed to the lower surface of the first fixing portion 54 on the backward direction 49 side by welding. Further, the hanging portion 56 is provided with a plate-shaped stiffener (not shown) in order to prevent the hanging portion 56 from buckling. The stiffener, in a posture perpendicular to the hanging portion 56, includes a surface of the hanging portion 56 on the backward direction 49 side, a lower surface of the first fixing portion 54 on the backward direction 49 side of the hanging portion 56, and a backward direction 49 side of the hanging portion 56. is fixed by welding to the upper surface of the contact portion 57 which will be described later.

接触部57は、開閉用突出部18を上方から下方に押下げる又は下方から上方に持ち上げるために開閉用突出部18に接触するものであり、図7に示すように、長方形の板状である。そして、接触部57は、当該接触部57の長手方向がピストンロッド47の伸縮方向と同じ方向且つ当該接触部57の短手方向が第一固定部54の短手方向と同じ方向になる姿勢で、当該接触部57と、下垂部56と、がL字型になるように、接触部57の上面の後退方向49側が下垂部56の下端に固定される。 The contact portion 57 contacts the opening/closing protrusion 18 in order to push down the opening/closing protrusion 18 from above or lift it upward from below, and as shown in FIG. 7, has a rectangular plate shape. . The contact portion 57 is arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the contact portion 57 is the same as the expansion and contraction direction of the piston rod 47 and the width direction of the contact portion 57 is the same as the width direction of the first fixing portion 54. The upper surface of the contact portion 57 on the backward direction 49 side is fixed to the lower end of the hanging portion 56 so that the contact portion 57 and the hanging portion 56 form an L shape.

次に、開閉装置40を搬送装置90の上方に配置するための開閉装置配置台70について説明する。開閉装置配置台70は、図8に示すように、フレーム71と、二枚の台座プレート74と、二本の架設棒76と、三つのブラケット77と、によって構成される。そして、図9に示すように、後述する架設棒76の長尺方向が搬送装置90の搬送方向91に垂直なり且つ搬送装置90に跨るように、開閉装置配置台70は床に載置され、開閉装置40を吊るすように固定することで、搬送装置90の上方に開閉装置40を配置させるものである。フレーム71は、図8に示すように、水平に長尺な角パイプである四本の梁72と、鉛直方向に長尺な角パイプである四本の脚73と、によって構成される。そして、フレーム71は、四本の梁72が方形を形成するように各梁72の端同士を直角に固定し、脚73の上端が四本の梁72が形成する方形の各角の下面に固定することで形成される。 Next, the opening/closing device placement table 70 for arranging the opening/closing device 40 above the conveying device 90 will be described. As shown in FIG. 8, the opening/closing device mounting base 70 is composed of a frame 71, two pedestal plates 74, two erection bars 76, and three brackets 77. As shown in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 9, the opening/closing device placement table 70 is placed on the floor so that the longitudinal direction of the installation rod 76, which will be described later, is perpendicular to the conveying direction 91 of the conveying device 90 and straddles the conveying device 90. By fixing the opening/closing device 40 in a suspended manner, the opening/closing device 40 is arranged above the transfer device 90 . As shown in FIG. 8, the frame 71 includes four beams 72 that are horizontally elongated square pipes and four legs 73 that are vertically elongated square pipes. The frame 71 has four beams 72 fixed at right angles to each other at the ends thereof so that the four beams 72 form a square, and the upper ends of the legs 73 are attached to the lower surfaces of the corners of the square formed by the four beams 72 . It is formed by fixing.

台座プレート74は、後述する架設棒76を架設させるためのものであり、長方形の板状である。そして、台座プレート74は、図8に示すように、当該台座プレート74の長手方向が搬送装置90を跨ぐ平行な二本の梁72の長尺方向と同じ方向且つ当該台座プレート74の短手方向が搬送装置90を跨ぐ平行な二本の梁72の長尺方向に直角な水平方向と同じ方向になる姿勢で、四本の梁72が形成する方形の内側に向かって突出するように、搬送装置90を跨ぐ平行な二本の梁72の下面に夫々一つずつ溶接によって固定される。また、台座プレート74は、四本の梁72が形成する方形の内側に向かって突出する箇所に台座プレート74の長手方向に沿って鉛直方向にあけられた長孔75を有する。長孔75は、後述する架設棒76を固定するためのものであり、当該長孔75に沿った方向に、架設棒76の台座プレート74に固定される位置を変更可能としている。 The pedestal plate 74 is for installing an installation rod 76, which will be described later, and has a rectangular plate shape. 8, the longitudinal direction of the pedestal plate 74 is the same as the longitudinal direction of the two parallel beams 72 straddling the conveying device 90 and the lateral direction of the pedestal plate 74. As shown in FIG. is in the same direction as the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the two parallel beams 72 straddling the transport device 90, and the four beams 72 are transported so that they protrude toward the inside of the square formed. It is fixed by welding to the lower surfaces of two parallel beams 72 straddling the device 90 . The pedestal plate 74 also has long holes 75 formed vertically along the longitudinal direction of the pedestal plate 74 at portions protruding toward the inside of the square formed by the four beams 72 . The elongated hole 75 is for fixing an installation rod 76 to be described later, and the position of the installation rod 76 fixed to the base plate 74 can be changed in the direction along the elongated hole 75 .

架設棒76は、図8に示すように、後述するブラケット77を吊り下げるように固定するための長尺な角パイプである。架設棒76の長尺方向の長さは、二枚の台座プレート74に架け渡される長さである。そして、架設棒76は、当該架設棒76の長尺方向が搬送装置90を跨ぐ平行な二本の梁72に垂直な水平方向と同じ方向になる姿勢で、二本の架設棒76が平行に並ぶように、架設棒76の一端と、他端と、を二枚の台座プレート74の上面に載置され、架設棒76の一端及び他端に、上方から図示しないサドルバンドを被せ、サドルバンドを長孔75の上方から図示しないネジと、長孔75の下方から図示しないナットを締め付けることで、架設棒76は台座プレート74に固定される。また、後述する開閉装置固定部79を二本の架設棒76の隙間に上方から挿入し、後述する架設部78が二本の架設棒76の上面に架設できるように、二本の架設棒76は、隙間をあけて台座プレート74に固定される。 The installation rod 76 is, as shown in FIG. 8, a long square pipe for fixing a bracket 77 to be described later so as to be suspended. The length of the installation rod 76 in the longitudinal direction is the length that spans the two base plates 74 . Then, the erection rods 76 are arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the erection rods 76 is the same as the horizontal direction perpendicular to the two parallel beams 72 straddling the conveying device 90 . One end and the other end of the erection rod 76 are placed on the upper surfaces of the two pedestal plates 74 so as to be aligned, and a saddle band (not shown) is placed on the one end and the other end of the erection rod 76 from above. The installation rod 76 is fixed to the base plate 74 by tightening a screw (not shown) from above the long hole 75 and a nut (not shown) from below the long hole 75 . In addition, the opening/closing device fixing portion 79, which will be described later, is inserted into the gap between the two erection rods 76 from above, and the two erection rods 76 are mounted so that the later-described construction portion 78 can be erected on the upper surfaces of the two erection rods 76. are fixed to the base plate 74 with a gap therebetween.

ブラケット77は、図8に示すように、長方形の板状で二本の架設棒76の上面に跨って載置されるように固定される架設部78と、長方形の板状で一方の広い面に開閉装置40の第一移動機構41を固定する開閉装置固定部79と、によって構成される。ブラケット77は、架設部78を水平に寝かし、開閉装置固定部79を、当該開閉装置固定部79の短手方向が架設部78の短手方向と同じ方向且つ当該開閉装置固定部79の長手方向が鉛直方向になる姿勢にし、開閉装置固定部79の上面を、架設部78の下面に溶接によって固定することで形成される。また、開閉装置固定部79には、当該開閉装置固定部79の座屈を防止するために、図示しない板状であるスチフナーが備えられる。スチフナーは、開閉装置固定部79に垂直で鉛直方向に立ち上がる姿勢で、開閉装置固定部79の第一移動機構41が固定される面の対面と、架設部78の下面と、に溶接によって固定される。そして、図8に示すように、三つのブラケット77が、架設棒76の長尺方向に沿った一直線上に並ぶように、開閉装置固定部79の短手方向が架設棒76の長尺方向と同じになる姿勢で、開閉装置固定部79を二本の架設棒76の間に上方から挿入し、架設部78を二本の架設棒76の上面に架設し、各架設部78と、二本の架設棒76と、を図示しないネジによって固定する。 As shown in FIG. 8, the bracket 77 is a rectangular plate having a bridging portion 78 fixed so as to be mounted across the upper surfaces of the two bridging rods 76, and a rectangular plate having one wide surface. and an opening/closing device fixing portion 79 for fixing the first moving mechanism 41 of the opening/closing device 40 . The bracket 77 lays down the bridging portion 78 horizontally, and attaches the switchgear fixing portion 79 so that the lateral direction of the switchgear fixing portion 79 is the same as the lateral direction of the bridging portion 78 and the longitudinal direction of the switchgear fixing portion 79 is. is in the vertical direction, and the upper surface of the opening/closing device fixing portion 79 is fixed to the lower surface of the bridging portion 78 by welding. Further, the opening/closing device fixing portion 79 is provided with a plate-shaped stiffener (not shown) in order to prevent the opening/closing device fixing portion 79 from buckling. The stiffener is fixed by welding to the opening/closing device fixing portion 79 facing the surface to which the first moving mechanism 41 is fixed and the lower surface of the bridging portion 78 in a vertical standing posture. be. Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the lateral direction of the opening/closing device fixing portion 79 coincides with the longitudinal direction of the erection rod 76 so that the three brackets 77 are arranged in a straight line along the longitudinal direction of the erection rod 76 . In the same posture, the opening/closing device fixing part 79 is inserted between the two erection rods 76 from above, the erection part 78 is erected on the upper surface of the two erection rods 76, and each erection part 78 and the two and are fixed with screws (not shown).

そして、図9に示すように、架設棒76に固定された三つのブラケット77の開閉装置固定部79には、夫々第一移動機構41が図示しないネジによって固定される。したがって、開閉装置40は、搬送装置90の上方に配置されることになる。また、前進方向48と、搬送方向91と、が同じ方向になるように、開閉装置40はブラケット77に固定される。したがって、搬送方向91に対して開閉用突出部18が垂直になるように型枠は搬送装置90に載置されるため、フック部53は、開閉用突出部18の長尺方向に対して垂直になる方向に移動することができる。また、フック部53が一対の可動枠材14の間の中央に位置するように、架設棒76の台座プレート74に固定される位置が調整される。また、図6の(b)に示す、一対の可動枠材14が枠開状態であるときの一方の開閉用突出部18の先端の下端と、他方の開閉用突出部18の先端の下端と、の隙間の長さ19は、図7に示す、一対の可動枠材14が枠閉状態であるときの開閉用突出部18の長尺方向に垂直な水平方向のフック部53の下端の長さ58より短くなるようになされる。したがって、一つの接触部57で一対の可動枠材14に夫々一つずつ固定される二つの開閉用突出部18の先端に同時に接触することが可能であり、一つの開閉装置40によって、一対の可動枠材14を同時に枠閉状態から枠開状態に又は枠開状態から枠閉状態に移行させることができる。ここで、三つの開閉装置40を判別するために、搬送装置90の搬送方向91から搬送方向91の逆方向に向かって順番に、開閉装置40A、開閉装置40B、開閉装置40Cとする。 Then, as shown in FIG. 9 , the first moving mechanism 41 is fixed by screws (not shown) to the opening/closing device fixing portions 79 of the three brackets 77 fixed to the installation rod 76 . Therefore, the opening/closing device 40 is arranged above the conveying device 90 . Further, the opening/closing device 40 is fixed to the bracket 77 so that the forward direction 48 and the conveying direction 91 are the same. Therefore, since the formwork is placed on the conveying device 90 so that the opening/closing protrusion 18 is perpendicular to the conveying direction 91 , the hook 53 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening/closing protrusion 18 . You can move in the direction of Also, the position of the installation rod 76 fixed to the base plate 74 is adjusted so that the hook portion 53 is positioned in the center between the pair of movable frame members 14 . 6(b), the lower end of the tip of one of the opening/closing projections 18 and the lower end of the tip of the other opening/closing projection 18 when the pair of movable frame members 14 are in the open state. , is the length of the lower end of the hook portion 53 in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening/closing protrusion 18 when the pair of movable frame members 14 are in the closed state, as shown in FIG. length less than 58. Therefore, one contact portion 57 can simultaneously contact the tips of two opening/closing protrusions 18 each fixed to a pair of movable frame members 14 , and one opening/closing device 40 can simultaneously contact a pair of opening/closing protrusions 18 . At the same time, the movable frame member 14 can be shifted from the frame-closed state to the frame-open state or from the frame-open state to the frame-closed state. Here, in order to distinguish the three opening/closing devices 40, the opening/closing device 40A, the opening/closing device 40B, and the opening/closing device 40C are used in order from the conveying direction 91 of the conveying device 90 toward the direction opposite to the conveying direction 91. FIG.

次に、開閉用突出部18と、開閉装置40と、の位置関係について説明する。まず、型枠は、搬送装置90によって、開閉装置配置台70の下方の所定の位置まで搬送され配置される。そして、開閉装置配置台70の下方の所定の位置に配置された本実施形態に用いられる型枠の開閉用突出部18と、初期状態であるいずれかの開閉装置40のフック部53と、の位置関係が、図11の(a)に示す開閉装置40Bのフック部53と、型枠10の開閉用突出部18と、の位置関係のように、接触部57の前進方向48側端が、開閉用突出部18の後退方向49側端より後退方向49側に位置し、且つフック部53が最も前進方向48側にあるときに、図12の(b)に示す開閉装置40Bのフック部53と、型枠10の開閉用突出部18と、の位置関係のように、接触部57の前進方向48側端が、開閉用突出部18の後退方向49側端より前進方向48側に位置し、下垂部56の前進方向48側の面が、開閉用突出部18の後退方向49側端より後退方向49側に位置する関係である。初期状態とは、フック部53が最も上方側且つ最も後退方向49側にある時の状態のことである。また、所定の位置とは、後述する型枠識別手段92であるIDタグ93と、ID読み取り装置94と、によって搬送装置90に載置された型枠の種類を識別できる位置である。 Next, the positional relationship between the opening/closing protrusion 18 and the opening/closing device 40 will be described. First, the formwork is transported to a predetermined position below the opening/closing device placement table 70 by the transport device 90 and placed there. Then, the opening/closing projecting portion 18 of the formwork used in the present embodiment arranged at a predetermined position below the opening/closing device placement base 70 and the hook portion 53 of any of the opening/closing devices 40 in the initial state. The positional relationship is similar to the positional relationship between the hook portion 53 of the opening/closing device 40B shown in FIG. When the hook portion 53 of the opening/closing device 40B shown in FIG. and the opening/closing projecting portion 18 of the formwork 10, the end of the contact portion 57 on the forward direction 48 side is located on the forward direction 48 side from the end of the opening/closing projecting portion 18 on the backward direction 49 side. , the surface on the forward direction 48 side of the hanging portion 56 is positioned on the backward direction 49 side from the end of the opening/closing protrusion 18 on the backward direction 49 side. The initial state refers to the state when the hook portion 53 is on the uppermost side and on the retreating direction 49 side. The predetermined position is a position where the ID tag 93, which is the formwork identification means 92, and the ID reader 94, which will be described later, can identify the type of formwork placed on the conveying device 90. FIG.

そして、図10に示すように、本実施形態に用いられる全ての型枠は、開閉装置40A、開閉装置40B及び開閉装置40Cのいずれかのフック部と段落[0039]に記した位置関係になるように、開閉用突出部18を可動枠材14に固定する。図10の(a)は、所定の位置に配置された型枠10と、開閉装置40と、の位置関係を示す一部断面図であり、図10の(b)は、所定の位置に配置された型枠10を上方から見下ろした図であり、図10の(c)乃至(g)は、所定の位置に配置された型枠10とは異なる種類の型枠を夫々上方から見下ろした図である。図10に示すライン110Aは、開閉装置40Aのフック部53と段落[0039]に記した位置関係になるために、開閉用突出部18を固定するべき位置であり、図10に示すライン110Bは、開閉装置40Bのフック部53と段落[0039]に記した位置関係になるために、開閉用突出部18を固定するべき位置であり、図10に示すライン110Cは、開閉装置40Cのフック部53と段落[0039]に記した位置関係になるために、開閉用突出部18を固定するべき位置である。そして、各型枠は、ライン110A、ライン110B及びライン110Cのうち、最も可動枠材14の中心に近いライン上に開閉用突出部18を設ける。また、開閉装置40の位置を調整する又は開閉装置40をさらに備えることで、開閉用突出部18の固定すべき位置を増やすことができる。 Then, as shown in FIG. 10, all the molds used in this embodiment have the positional relationship described in paragraph [0039] with the hook portion of any one of the opening/closing device 40A, the opening/closing device 40B, and the opening/closing device 40C. , the opening/closing protrusion 18 is fixed to the movable frame member 14. As shown in FIG. (a) of FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the positional relationship between the formwork 10 arranged at a predetermined position and the opening/closing device 40, and (b) of FIG. 10 is arranged at a predetermined position. 10C to 10G are views looking down from above on the formwork 10 placed at a predetermined position, and views of different types of formwork from the formwork 10 placed at a predetermined position. is. A line 110A shown in FIG. 10 is a position where the opening/closing protrusion 18 should be fixed so as to achieve the positional relationship described in paragraph [0039] with the hook portion 53 of the opening/closing device 40A, and a line 110B shown in FIG. , and the positional relationship described in paragraph [0039] with the hook portion 53 of the opening/closing device 40B. 53 and the positional relationship described in paragraph [0039], the opening/closing protrusion 18 should be fixed. Each mold has the opening/closing protrusion 18 on the line closest to the center of the movable frame member 14 among the lines 110A, 110B and 110C. Further, by adjusting the position of the opening/closing device 40 or by further providing the opening/closing device 40, the positions to which the opening/closing protrusions 18 should be fixed can be increased.

次に、第一移動機構41によるフック部53の移動量について型枠10と、開閉装置40Bを用いて説明する。図11の(a)に示すように、開閉装置40Bが初期状態であるときに接触部57の下面が開閉用突出部18の上面より高く、図11の(b)に示すように、フック部53が最も下方にあるときに接触部57の上面が開閉用突出部18の下面より低く、且つ接触部57の下面が土台20の上面より高く、且つ第一固定部54の下面が開閉用突出部18の上面より高くなるようにフック部53は、第一移動機構41によって鉛直方向に移動できる。また、本実施形態で使用される全ての型枠に備えられる可動枠材14は、すべて同じ高さである。また、開閉装置配置台70の脚73の長さと、ブラケット77の開閉装置固定部79の長手方向の長さと、のうち少なくとも一つを変更することで、開閉装置40が配置される鉛直方向の位置が変更可能であり、ブラケット77の架設棒76に固定される位置を、架設棒76の長尺方向に移動させることで、開閉装置40が配置される搬送方向91に対して平行な水平方向の位置が変更可能であり、台座プレート74に固定する架設棒76の位置を、台座プレート74の長手方向に移動させることで、開閉装置40が配置される搬送方向91に対して垂直な水平方向の位置が変更可能である。 Next, the amount of movement of the hook portion 53 by the first moving mechanism 41 will be described using the mold 10 and the opening/closing device 40B. As shown in FIG. 11A, when the opening/closing device 40B is in the initial state, the lower surface of the contact portion 57 is higher than the upper surface of the opening/closing protrusion 18, and as shown in FIG. When 53 is at the lowest position, the upper surface of contact portion 57 is lower than the lower surface of opening/closing protrusion 18, the lower surface of contact portion 57 is higher than the upper surface of base 20, and the lower surface of first fixing portion 54 is the opening/closing protrusion. The hook portion 53 can be vertically moved by the first moving mechanism 41 so as to be higher than the upper surface of the portion 18 . Moreover, all the movable frame members 14 provided in all the molds used in this embodiment have the same height. In addition, by changing at least one of the length of the leg 73 of the switchgear mounting base 70 and the length of the switchgear fixing portion 79 of the bracket 77 in the longitudinal direction, the vertical direction of the switchgear 40 is changed. The position of the bracket 77 can be changed, and by moving the position where the bracket 77 is fixed to the installation rod 76 in the longitudinal direction of the installation rod 76, the horizontal direction parallel to the conveying direction 91 in which the opening/closing device 40 is arranged can be moved. can be changed, and by moving the position of the installation rod 76 fixed to the base plate 74 in the longitudinal direction of the base plate 74, the horizontal direction perpendicular to the conveying direction 91 in which the opening and closing device 40 is arranged position can be changed.

本実施形態では三つの開閉装置40を固定した開閉装置配置台70を二つ備え、一方の開閉装置配置台70は、可動枠材14を枠開状態から枠閉状態に移行させるために、型枠を搬送装置90に載置するセッティングエリアと、型枠に液体状材料を打設する打設作業エリアと、の間の搬送装置90を跨いで床に載置し固定され、他方の開閉装置配置台70は、可動枠材14を枠閉状態から枠開状態に移行させるために、打設した液体状材料を養生する養生作業エリアと、型枠から固まった建材100を脱型する脱型作業エリアと、の間の搬送装置90を跨いで床に載置し固定される。 In this embodiment, two opening/closing device mounting bases 70 are provided to which three opening/closing devices 40 are fixed. It is placed and fixed on the floor across the conveying device 90 between the setting area where the frame is placed on the conveying device 90 and the placing work area where the liquid material is cast in the formwork, and the other opening and closing device In order to move the movable frame member 14 from the closed state to the open state, the placing table 70 has a curing work area for curing the poured liquid material and a demolding work area for demolding the building material 100 that has hardened from the formwork. It is placed and fixed on the floor across the transport device 90 between the work area and the work area.

次に、型枠識別手段92及び制御装置95について説明する。型枠識別手段92は、IDタグ93と、ID読み取り装置94と、により、搬送装置90に載置される型枠の種類を識別するものである。IDタグ93は、一つ一つの型枠に備えられ、図9に示すように、土台20の隅に固定される。IDタグ93は、非接触データキャリアであり、当該IDタグ93を備えた型枠の種類の情報及びその他型枠の情報を記録したものである。そして、ID読み取り装置94は、IDタグ93に記録されている型枠の種類の情報を、非接触でIDタグ93から読み取り、読み取った型枠の種類の情報を後述する制御装置95へ送信するものであり、図9に示すように、所定の位置に配置された型枠が備えるIDタグ93を読み取れる位置に固定される。制御装置95は、開閉装置40と、ID読み取り装置94と、に繋がり、ID読み取り装置94が読み取った型枠の種類の情報を受信し、受信した型枠の種類の情報に応じて、開閉装置40A、開閉装置40B及び開閉装置40Cの中から作動させる開閉装置40を選択するものであり、各開閉装置配置台70の上に載置固定される。作動させる開閉装置40は、事前に型枠の種類ごとに決められているものである。 Next, the mold identification means 92 and the control device 95 will be described. The form identification means 92 identifies the type of form placed on the conveying device 90 by the ID tag 93 and the ID reader 94 . The ID tag 93 is provided on each mold and fixed to the corner of the base 20 as shown in FIG. The ID tag 93 is a non-contact data carrier, and records information on the type of form provided with the ID tag 93 and other information on the form. Then, the ID reading device 94 reads the form type information recorded in the ID tag 93 from the ID tag 93 in a non-contact manner, and transmits the read form type information to the control device 95 to be described later. As shown in FIG. 9, it is fixed at a position where an ID tag 93 provided on a mold placed at a predetermined position can be read. The control device 95 is connected to the opening/closing device 40 and the ID reading device 94, receives information on the type of formwork read by the ID reading device 94, and operates the opening/closing device according to the received information on the type of formwork. The switchgear 40 to be operated is selected from among the switchgear 40A, the switchgear 40B, and the switchgear 40C. The opening/closing device 40 to be operated is determined in advance for each type of formwork.

次に、図13のフロー図をもとに、可動枠材14を枠開状態から枠閉状態に移行させる動作原理について、型枠10を用いて説明する。
初めに、図11の(a)に示すように、枠開状態である型枠10は搬送装置90によって所定の位置に配置される。このとき、開閉装置配置台70に固定される全ての開閉装置40は初期状態である。
次に、ID読み取り装置94がIDタグ93に記録されている型枠の種類の情報を読み取り、読み取った型枠の種類の情報を制御装置95へ送信する。そして、制御装置95は受信した型枠の種類の情報に応じて作動させる開閉装置40として、開閉装置40Bを選択する。ここで図10に示すように、型枠10は開閉装置40Bと対応するように開閉用突出部18が固定されているものである。
Next, based on the flowchart of FIG. 13, the principle of operation for shifting the movable frame member 14 from the frame-open state to the frame-closed state will be described using the formwork 10. FIG.
First, as shown in (a) of FIG. 11, the formwork 10 in the frame-open state is arranged at a predetermined position by the conveying device 90 . At this time, all the switchgears 40 fixed to the switchgear mounting base 70 are in the initial state.
Next, the ID reading device 94 reads information on the type of formwork recorded in the ID tag 93 and transmits the read information on the type of formwork to the control device 95 . Then, the control device 95 selects the opening/closing device 40B as the opening/closing device 40 to be operated according to the received formwork type information. Here, as shown in FIG. 10, the mold 10 has an opening/closing projecting portion 18 fixed so as to correspond to the opening/closing device 40B.

次に、図11の(b)に示すように、選択された開閉装置40Bの移動機構制御装置は、第一移動機構41によってフック部53を最も下方まで移動させる。これにより、接触部57の上面が開閉用突出部18の下面より低く且つ第一固定部54の下面が開閉用突出部18の上面より高い位置にフック部53が位置することになる。
次に、図11の(c)に示すように、開閉装置40Bの移動機構制御装置は、第二移動機構46によってフック部53を最も前進方向48側まで移動させる。これにより、接触部57が開閉用突出部18の下方に位置することになる。
次に、図11の(d)に示すように、開閉装置40Bの移動機構制御装置は、第一移動機構41によってフック部53を中間位置59まで上方に移動させる。中間位置59までフック部53を上方向に移動させることで、可動枠材14が枠閉状態であるときの開閉用突出部18の位置まで接触部57によって開閉用突出部18は下方から上方に持ち上げられ、開閉用突出部18に連動して可動枠材14の上端が内部28に向かって起き上がるように移動し、可動枠材14は枠開状態から枠閉状態へと移行する。
そして、フック部53が中間位置59にあることを検知した後に、開閉装置40Bの移動機構制御装置は、第一移動機構41によってフック部53を最も下方向に移動させ、その後に、第二移動機構46によってフック部53を最も後退方向49側まで移動させ、その後に、第一移動機構41によってフック部53を最も上方まで移動させ、開閉装置40Bを初期状態に戻す。
Next, as shown in (b) of FIG. 11, the movement mechanism control device of the selected opening/closing device 40B causes the first movement mechanism 41 to move the hook portion 53 to the lowest position. As a result, the hook portion 53 is positioned at a position where the upper surface of the contact portion 57 is lower than the lower surface of the opening/closing protrusion 18 and the lower surface of the first fixing portion 54 is higher than the upper surface of the opening/closing protrusion 18 .
Next, as shown in (c) of FIG. 11 , the moving mechanism control device of the opening/closing device 40B moves the hook portion 53 to the forward direction 48 side by the second moving mechanism 46 . As a result, the contact portion 57 is positioned below the opening/closing projecting portion 18 .
Next, as shown in (d) of FIG. 11 , the movement mechanism control device of the opening/closing device 40B causes the first movement mechanism 41 to move the hook portion 53 upward to the intermediate position 59 . By moving the hook portion 53 upward to the intermediate position 59, the opening/closing projection portion 18 is moved upward by the contact portion 57 to the position of the opening/closing projection portion 18 when the movable frame member 14 is in the closed state. The upper end of the movable frame member 14 is lifted up, interlocked with the opening/closing protrusion 18, and moved toward the interior 28 so that the movable frame member 14 shifts from the frame open state to the frame closed state.
After detecting that the hook portion 53 is at the intermediate position 59, the movement mechanism control device of the opening/closing device 40B causes the first movement mechanism 41 to move the hook portion 53 to the lowest position, and then moves the hook portion 53 to the second movement position. The mechanism 46 moves the hook portion 53 to the rearmost direction 49 side, and then the first moving mechanism 41 moves the hook portion 53 to the highest position, returning the opening/closing device 40B to the initial state.

もし、可動枠材14を枠開状態から枠閉状態へと移行するために、第一移動機構41によってフック部53を中間位置59まで移動させたときに、何らかの原因によってフック部53が中間位置59にあることを検知できなかった場合は、フック部53を最も下方まで移行させ、その後に、フック部53を中間位置59まで移動させる。この繰り返し作業を三回繰り返しても、フック部53が中間位置59にあることを検知することができなかった場合は、フック部53を最も下方まで移動させ、その後に、フック部53を最も後退方向49側まで移動させ、その後に、フック部53を最も上方まで移動させ、開閉装置40Bを初期状態に戻す。次に、異常発生の発報をする。そして、人によって異常を解消し、異常リセットを行った後に、開閉装置40Bは、段落[0045]に記した動作を再度行う。 If the hook portion 53 is moved to the intermediate position 59 by the first moving mechanism 41 in order to shift the movable frame member 14 from the frame open state to the frame closed state, the hook portion 53 is moved to the intermediate position for some reason. 59 is not detected, the hook portion 53 is moved to the lowest position, and then the hook portion 53 is moved to the intermediate position 59 . If it is not possible to detect that the hook portion 53 is in the intermediate position 59 even after repeating this repeated work three times, the hook portion 53 is moved to the lowest position, and then the hook portion 53 is retracted to the maximum position. After moving to the direction 49 side, the hook portion 53 is moved to the uppermost position, and the opening/closing device 40B is returned to the initial state. Next, a notification of the occurrence of an abnormality is issued. Then, after the abnormality is resolved by a person and the abnormality is reset, the opening/closing device 40B performs the operation described in paragraph [0045] again.

次に、図14のフロー図をもとに、可動枠材14を枠閉状態から枠開状態に移行させる動作原理について、型枠10を用いて説明する。
初めに、図12の(a)に示すように、枠閉状態である型枠10は搬送装置90によって、所定の位置に配置される。このとき、開閉装置配置台70に固定される全ての開閉装置40は初期状態である。
次に、ID読み取り装置94がIDタグ93に記録されている型枠の種類の情報を読み取り、読み取った型枠の種類の情報を制御装置95へ送信する。そして、制御装置95は受信した型枠の種類の情報に応じて作動させる開閉装置40として、開閉装置40Bを選択する。
Next, based on the flow chart of FIG. 14, the operation principle for shifting the movable frame member 14 from the frame closed state to the frame open state will be described using the formwork 10. FIG.
First, as shown in (a) of FIG. 12 , the formwork 10 in the closed state is arranged at a predetermined position by the conveying device 90 . At this time, all the switchgears 40 fixed to the switchgear mounting base 70 are in the initial state.
Next, the ID reading device 94 reads information on the type of formwork recorded in the ID tag 93 and transmits the read information on the type of formwork to the control device 95 . Then, the control device 95 selects the opening/closing device 40B as the opening/closing device 40 to be operated according to the received formwork type information.

次に、図12の(b)に示すように、選択された開閉装置40Bの移動機構制御装置は、第二移動機構46によってフック部53を最も前進方向48側まで移動させる。これにより、接触部57が開閉用突出部18の上方に位置することになる。
次に、図12の(c)に示すように、開閉装置40Bの移動機構制御装置は、第一移動機構41によってフック部53を中間位置60まで移動させる。これにより、可動枠材14が枠開状態であるときの開閉用突出部18の位置まで、接触部57によって開閉用突出部18は上方から下方に押下げられ、開閉用突出部18に連動して可動枠材14の上端が外部29に向かって倒れるように移動し、可動枠材14は枠閉状態から枠開状態へと移行する。
そして、フック部53が中間位置60にあることを検知した後に、開閉装置40Bの移動機構制御装置は、第一移動機構41によってフック部53を最も上方向に移動させ、その後に、第二移動機構46によってフック部53を最も後退方向49側まで移動させ、開閉装置40Bを初期状態に戻す。
Next, as shown in (b) of FIG. 12 , the moving mechanism control device of the selected opening/closing device 40B moves the hook portion 53 to the forward direction 48 side by the second moving mechanism 46 . As a result, the contact portion 57 is positioned above the opening/closing projecting portion 18 .
Next, as shown in (c) of FIG. 12 , the moving mechanism control device of the opening/closing device 40B moves the hook portion 53 to the intermediate position 60 by the first moving mechanism 41 . As a result, the opening/closing protrusion 18 is pushed downward by the contact portion 57 to the position of the opening/closing protrusion 18 when the movable frame member 14 is in the frame-open state, and the opening/closing protrusion 18 is interlocked with the opening/closing protrusion 18 . , the upper end of the movable frame member 14 moves so as to fall toward the outside 29, and the movable frame member 14 shifts from the frame closed state to the frame open state.
Then, after detecting that the hook portion 53 is at the intermediate position 60, the movement mechanism control device of the opening/closing device 40B causes the first movement mechanism 41 to move the hook portion 53 to the highest position, and then moves the hook portion 53 to the second movement position. The mechanism 46 moves the hook portion 53 to the most backward direction 49 side, and the opening/closing device 40B is returned to the initial state.

もし、可動枠材14は枠閉状態から枠開状態へと移行するために、第一移動機構41によってフック部53を中間位置60まで移動させたときに、何らかの原因によってフック部53が中間位置60にあることを検知できなかった場合は、第一移動機構41によってフック部53を最も上方まで移行させ、その後に、第一移動機構41によってフック部53を中間位置60まで移動させる。この繰り返し作業を三回繰り返しても、フック部53が中間位置60にあることを検知することができなかった場合は、フック部53を最も上方まで移動させ、その後に、フック部53を最も後退方向49側まで移動させ、開閉装置40Bを初期状態に戻す。次に、異常発生の発報をする。そして、人によって異常を解消し、異常リセットを行った後に、開閉装置40Bは、段落[0048]に記した動作を再度行う。 If the hook portion 53 is moved to the intermediate position 60 by the first moving mechanism 41 in order to shift the movable frame member 14 from the frame closed state to the frame open state, the hook portion 53 is moved to the intermediate position for some reason. When the position 60 is not detected, the first moving mechanism 41 moves the hook portion 53 to the highest position, and then the first moving mechanism 41 moves the hook portion 53 to the intermediate position 60 . If it is not possible to detect that the hook portion 53 is at the intermediate position 60 even after repeating this repeated work three times, the hook portion 53 is moved to the highest position, and then the hook portion 53 is moved to the maximum retraction position. It is moved to the direction 49 side, and the opening/closing device 40B is returned to the initial state. Next, a notification of the occurrence of an abnormality is issued. Then, after the abnormality is resolved by a person and the abnormality is reset, the opening/closing device 40B performs the operation described in paragraph [0048] again.

また、開閉用突出部18と、フック部53と、の意図しない衝突を防ぐために、開閉装置40及び搬送装置90はインターロック機能を有する。第二移動機構46は、フック部53が最も上方又は最も下方にある状態のときのみ、作動可能である。そして、搬送装置90は、開閉装置配置台70に固定される全ての開閉装置40が初期状態であるときのみ、型枠の搬送が可能である。 In addition, the opening/closing device 40 and the conveying device 90 have an interlock function in order to prevent unintended collision between the opening/closing protrusion 18 and the hook portion 53 . The second moving mechanism 46 is operable only when the hook portion 53 is in the highest or lowest position. The conveying device 90 can convey the mold only when all the opening/closing devices 40 fixed to the opening/closing device placement table 70 are in the initial state.

本実施形態に用いられる全ての型枠は、搬送装置90に載置されたときに、開閉用突出部18がすべて同じ向き長尺になるように備えられているため、開閉用突出部18の長尺方向に垂直な水平方向にフック部53が移動できるように、開閉装置40をブラケット77に固定するだけで良いが、搬送装置90に載置されたときに、開閉用突出部18の長尺方向が他の型枠と異なる型枠も一緒に用いる場合は、開閉装置40に、第二移動機構46と、ガイド部50と、フック部53と、を水平方向に回転させる回転機構をさらに備えることで対応できる。また、第一移動機構41にオートスイッチをさらに設けることで、開閉用突出部18の高さが他の型枠と異なる型枠であっても、可動枠材14を枠開状態に又は枠閉状態に移行させるときのフック部53の高さを制御することができ、より多くの型枠に対応できる。 All the molds used in the present embodiment are provided so that the opening/closing projections 18 are elongated in the same direction when placed on the conveying device 90, so that the opening/closing projections 18 It is sufficient to fix the opening/closing device 40 to the bracket 77 so that the hook portion 53 can move in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. When a formwork with a different length direction from other formwork is also used, the opening and closing device 40 further includes a rotation mechanism for rotating the second moving mechanism 46, the guide portion 50, and the hook portion 53 in the horizontal direction. We can deal with it by being prepared. Further, by further providing an auto switch in the first moving mechanism 41, the movable frame member 14 can be opened or closed even if the height of the opening/closing projection 18 is different from that of the other molds. It is possible to control the height of the hook part 53 when shifting to the state, and it is possible to correspond to more molds.

最後に、本発明に係る建材100の製造方法の一実施形態について、図15のフロー図をもとに、型枠10を用いて説明する。
初めに、型枠10は、型枠の保管場所から取り出され、セッティングエリアで搬送装置90の上面に載置され、搬送装置90によって打設作業エリアへ搬送される。このとき、型枠10が備える可動枠材14は枠開状態である。
次に、打設作業エリアへ搬送される型枠10は、その搬送途中で、型枠の自動開閉システム1によって可動枠材14を枠開状態から枠閉状態へと移行させられる。そして、可動枠材14が枠閉状態となった型枠10は、打設作業エリアで型枠10の内部28に液体状材料が打設され、その後に、養生作業エリアに搬送される。
次に、内部28に液体状材料が打設された型枠10は、養生作業エリアで液体状材料が固まり建材100が形成されるまで養生され、その後に、脱型作業エリアへ搬送される。
次に、脱型作業エリアへ搬送される型枠10は、その搬送途中で、型枠の自動開閉システム1によって可動枠材14を枠閉状態から枠開状態へと移行させられる。
そして、脱型作業エリアで可動枠材14が枠開状態となった型枠10から、当該型枠10の内部28の固まった建材100が脱型され、建材100が得られる。また、内部28の建材100が抜き取られた型枠10は、型枠の保管場所へ搬送される。
そして、型枠の保管場所へ搬送された型枠10は、可動枠材14が枠開状態のままで搬送装置90から降ろされ、型枠の保管場所に保管される。
Finally, an embodiment of the manufacturing method of the building material 100 according to the present invention will be described using the formwork 10 based on the flowchart of FIG. 15 .
First, the formwork 10 is removed from the formwork storage area, placed on the upper surface of the transport device 90 in the setting area, and transported by the transport device 90 to the casting work area. At this time, the movable frame members 14 included in the formwork 10 are in an open state.
Next, while the formwork 10 is transported to the placement work area, the movable frame member 14 is shifted from the open state to the closed state by the automatic opening and closing system 1 for the formwork. Then, the formwork 10 with the movable frame member 14 in the frame-closed state has the liquid material poured into the interior 28 of the formwork 10 in the placing work area, and then transported to the curing work area.
Next, the formwork 10 with the liquid material poured into the interior 28 is cured in the curing work area until the liquid material solidifies to form the building material 100, and then transported to the demolding work area.
Next, while the formwork 10 is transported to the stripping work area, the movable frame members 14 are shifted from the closed state to the open state by the automatic opening and closing system 1 for the formwork.
Then, the solidified building material 100 in the inside 28 of the formwork 10 is removed from the formwork 10 with the movable frame members 14 in the open state in the removal work area, and the building material 100 is obtained. Further, the formwork 10 from which the building material 100 in the interior 28 has been removed is transported to a formwork storage place.
Then, the formwork 10 transported to the formwork storage place is unloaded from the transport device 90 with the movable frame members 14 in the frame-open state, and stored in the formwork storage place.

上記はあくまで本発明に係る型枠の自動開閉システム及び建材の製造方法の一実施形態を示したものであるため、本発明の思想を逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更可能である。 Since the above is merely an embodiment of the automatic opening/closing system for the formwork and the manufacturing method of the building material according to the present invention, it can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

この発明は、型枠によって建材を生産する工場に対して、好意的に採用されるものと見込まれ、製造業の発展に貢献できる。 This invention is expected to be favorably adopted in factories that produce building materials using forms, and can contribute to the development of the manufacturing industry.

1 型枠の自動開閉システム
10 型枠
11 枠材
12 外枠材
13 内枠材
14 可動枠材
18 開閉用突出部
19 隙間の長さ
20 土台
28 内部
29 外部
40 開閉装置
40A 開閉装置
40B 開閉装置
40C 開閉装置
41 第一移動機構(エアシリンダー)
46 第二移動機構(エアシリンダー)
53 フック部
58 フック部の下端の長さ
90 搬送装置(コンベア)
92 型枠識別手段
95 制御装置
100 建材
101 開口部
102 開口部の外周
103 開口部の外周の互いに対向する二つの面
1 automatic opening and closing system for formwork 10 formwork 11 frame member 12 outer frame member 13 inner frame member 14 movable frame member 18 opening and closing protrusion 19 gap length 20 base 28 inside 29 outside 40 switchgear 40A switchgear 40B switchgear 40C opening and closing device 41 first moving mechanism (air cylinder)
46 second movement mechanism (air cylinder)
53 hook portion 58 length of lower end of hook portion 90 conveying device (conveyor)
92 formwork identification means 95 control device 100 building material 101 opening 102 outer periphery of opening 103 two faces of the outer periphery of opening facing each other

Claims (5)

水平な板状の土台と、当該土台の上面から上方に立ち上がる板状の複数の枠材により形成され、前記枠材に囲われる内部に液体状材料を打設し建材を成型する型枠と、
前記型枠を各作業エリアへ搬送する搬送装置と、
前記搬送装置周りに配置される開閉装置と、
を備える自動開閉システムであって、
少なくとも1つの前記枠材は、建材を成型するときの姿勢である枠閉状態と、
当該枠材の上端が前記枠閉状態よりも外部に広がって傾いた枠開状態と、
に移行可能で、且つ前記枠閉状態又は前記枠開状態を維持可能な可動枠材であり、
前記可動枠材は、当該可動枠材の上端に基端が固定され先端が外部に向かって突出する長尺な部材である開閉用突出部を備え、
前記開閉装置は、下端が水平に広がる板部材でありL字型に形成されるフック部と、
前記フック部を鉛直方向に移動させる第一移動機構と、
前記開閉用突出部の長尺方向に垂直な水平方向に前記フック部を移動させる第二移動機構と、を備え、
前記開閉装置により前記可動枠材を前記枠閉状態又は前記枠開状態に移行することを特徴とする型枠の自動開閉システム。
a horizontal plate-shaped base and a formwork formed by a plurality of plate-shaped frame members rising upward from the upper surface of the base;
a conveying device for conveying the formwork to each work area;
an opening/closing device arranged around the conveying device;
An automatic opening and closing system comprising
At least one of the frame members is in a frame closed state, which is a posture when molding a building material;
a frame open state in which the upper end of the frame member is inclined and spreads outward from the frame closed state;
and capable of maintaining the frame closed state or the frame open state,
The movable frame member has an opening/closing projecting portion, which is an elongated member having a proximal end fixed to the upper end of the movable frame member and a distal end projecting outward,
The opening and closing device includes a hook portion that is a plate member whose lower end extends horizontally and is formed in an L shape;
a first moving mechanism for moving the hook portion in a vertical direction;
a second moving mechanism for moving the hook portion in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening/closing projection;
An automatic opening/closing system for a formwork, wherein the opening/closing device shifts the movable frame material to the frame closed state or the frame open state.
前記型枠は、開口部を有する建材を成型するものであり、
前記開口部の外周の互いに対向する二つの面を成型する一対の前記枠材が、前記可動枠材であり、
一対の前記可動枠材に夫々一つずつ備えられる二つの前記開閉用突出部は、互いの先端が接近し隙間をあけて隣り合うように前記可動枠材に固定され、
一対の前記可動枠材が前記枠開状態であるときの一方の前記開閉用突出部の先端の下端と、他方の前記開閉用突出部の先端の下端と、の隙間の長さは、一対の前記可動枠材が前記枠閉状態であるときの前記開閉用突出部の長尺方向に垂直な水平方向の前記フック部の下端の長さより短いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の型枠の自動開閉システム。
The formwork is for molding a building material having an opening,
a pair of said frame members for forming two surfaces facing each other on the outer circumference of said opening are said movable frame members;
The two opening/closing protrusions provided on each of the pair of movable frame members are fixed to the movable frame members so that their tips are close to each other and are adjacent to each other with a gap,
The length of the gap between the lower end of the tip of one of the opening/closing protrusions and the lower end of the tip of the other opening/closing protrusion when the pair of movable frame members are in the frame-open state is 2. The formwork according to claim 1, wherein the length of the lower end of the hook portion in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening/closing protrusion when the movable frame member is in the closed state is shorter than the length of the lower end of the hook portion. automatic opening and closing system.
前記型枠は、形状が異なる複数の種類があり、
さらに、前記型枠の種類の数より少ない複数の前記開閉装置を備え、
前記型枠の種類ごとに、いずれかの前記開閉装置によって前記可動枠材を前記枠閉状態又は前記枠開状態に移行させることができるように前記可動枠材に固定される前記開閉用突出部の位置が決められることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の型枠の自動開閉システム。
The formwork has a plurality of types with different shapes,
Furthermore, comprising a plurality of the opening and closing devices that are fewer than the number of types of the formwork,
The opening/closing protrusion fixed to the movable frame member so that the movable frame member can be shifted to the frame closed state or the frame open state by one of the opening/closing devices for each type of the formwork. 3. The automatic opening and closing system of the formwork according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the position of the is determined.
さらに、前記搬送装置により搬送される前記型枠の種類を識別する型枠識別手段と、
前記型枠識別手段により識別した前記型枠の種類に対応する前記開閉装置を選択する制御装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の型枠の自動開閉システム。
Furthermore, a mold identification means for identifying the type of the mold to be transported by the transport device;
a control device that selects the opening/closing device corresponding to the type of the formwork identified by the formwork identification means;
The automatic opening and closing system of the formwork according to claim 3, characterized by comprising:
建材の製造方法であって、
請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の型枠の自動開閉システムにより、前記可動枠材を前記枠開状態から前記枠閉状態に移行させる工程と、
前記型枠の前記内部に前記液体状材料を打設する工程と、
前記型枠の前記内部の前記液体状材料を養生する工程と、
請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の型枠の自動開閉システムにより、前記可動枠材を前記枠閉状態から前記枠開状態に移行させる工程と、
前記型枠の前記内部の固まった建材を脱型する工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする建材の製造方法。
A method for manufacturing a building material,
A step of shifting the movable frame member from the frame open state to the frame closed state by the automatic opening and closing system for the formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 4;
casting the liquid material into the interior of the mold;
curing the liquid material in the interior of the formwork;
A step of shifting the movable frame member from the frame closed state to the frame open state by the automatic opening and closing system for the formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 4;
demoulding the solidified building material inside the formwork;
A method for manufacturing a building material, comprising:
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2021146626A (en) 2020-03-19 2021-09-27 積水ハウス株式会社 Flask and method for producing building material made of concrete

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0526309U (en) * 1991-09-18 1993-04-06 有限会社稲佐鉄工所 Automatic opening and closing formwork
JP2531971Y2 (en) * 1992-07-29 1997-04-09 株式会社ヤマウ Form opening and closing device
JP2587172Y2 (en) * 1992-10-30 1998-12-14 有限会社稲佐鉄工所 Mold opening / closing structure of molding machine

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2021146626A (en) 2020-03-19 2021-09-27 積水ハウス株式会社 Flask and method for producing building material made of concrete

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