JP7052878B2 - Gas-liquid mixing nozzle - Google Patents

Gas-liquid mixing nozzle Download PDF

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JP7052878B2
JP7052878B2 JP2020549943A JP2020549943A JP7052878B2 JP 7052878 B2 JP7052878 B2 JP 7052878B2 JP 2020549943 A JP2020549943 A JP 2020549943A JP 2020549943 A JP2020549943 A JP 2020549943A JP 7052878 B2 JP7052878 B2 JP 7052878B2
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gas
inner diameter
throat
mixing nozzle
liquid mixing
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JPWO2020070912A1 (en
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有香 吉田
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IHI Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Description

本開示は、気液混合ノズルに関する。 The present disclosure relates to a gas-liquid mixing nozzle.

気体を液体に溶解させるための方法として、特許文献１に記載されるように、加圧容器で気液を混合して気体を溶解させる気体溶解促進法が知られている。また新たな気体溶解促進法として、非特許文献１に記載されるように、微細気泡を発生させる方法が提案されている。一方で、特許文献２～５に記載されるように、微細気泡を生成するノズルの開発がなされている。これらのノズルは、たとえば水処理装置や化学反応器等に用いられる。 As a method for dissolving a gas in a liquid, as described in Patent Document 1, a gas dissolution promotion method in which gas and liquid are mixed in a pressurized container to dissolve the gas is known. Further, as a new method for promoting gas dissolution, a method for generating fine bubbles has been proposed as described in Non-Patent Document 1. On the other hand, as described in Patent Documents 2 to 5, a nozzle for generating fine bubbles has been developed. These nozzles are used in, for example, water treatment equipment, chemical reactors, and the like.

微細気泡生成ノズルは、たとえば特許文献２に記載されるように、流路の入口側を形成する流入部と、流路の出口側を形成する吐出部と、流入部と吐出部との間に設けられた気泡生成部とを備える。気泡生成部の断面積は、流入部の断面積や吐出部の断面積よりも小さくなっている。すなわち、気泡生成部は、微細気泡生成ノズルの流路において最も小さい断面積を有する。特許文献３に記載される微細気泡生成ノズルも、テーパ部と拡大部との間に形成されて、最も小さい断面積を有する喉部を備える。特許文献４に記載される微細気泡発生器も、大管径部と円錐状流路との間に形成されて、大管径部の流路の径よりも相対的に小さな径を有する小管径部を備える。 As described in Patent Document 2, for example, the fine bubble generation nozzle has an inflow portion forming an inlet side of a flow path, a discharge portion forming an outlet side of the flow path, and an inflow portion and a discharge portion. It is provided with a bubble generation unit provided. The cross-sectional area of the bubble generation portion is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the inflow portion and the cross-sectional area of the discharge portion. That is, the bubble generating portion has the smallest cross-sectional area in the flow path of the fine bubble generating nozzle. The fine bubble generation nozzle described in Patent Document 3 also has a throat portion formed between the tapered portion and the enlarged portion and having the smallest cross-sectional area. The fine bubble generator described in Patent Document 4 is also a small tube formed between the large tube diameter portion and the conical flow path and having a diameter relatively smaller than the diameter of the flow path in the large tube diameter portion. It has a diameter.

特開2017-51892号公報JP-A-2017-51892 特開2012-170849号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-170849 特許第5825852号公報Japanese Patent No. 5285852 特許第4942434号公報Japanese Patent No. 4942434 特許第4328904号公報Japanese Patent No. 4328904

九州経済産業局、「ファインバブル活用事例集」、2017年2月、P.3、［2017年9月12日検索］インターネット（URL：http://www.kyushu.meti.go.jp/seisaku/kankyo/jirei/fbjirei.pdf）Kyushu Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry, "Fine Bubble Utilization Casebook", February 2017, P.3, [Search on September 12, 2017] Internet (URL: http://www.kyushu.meti.go.jp/seisaku /kankyo/jirei/fbjirei.pdf)

上記した従来のノズルは、微細気泡を生成することによる気体溶解促進を目的として開発されている。しかしながら、従来のノズルは、微細気泡の生成に着目されており気体の溶解に関して最適化されているとは言えず、気体の溶解に関しては改良の余地が残されている。具体的には、より低い動力で気体の溶解量を増やすことのできる気液混合ノズルが求められている。 The above-mentioned conventional nozzle has been developed for the purpose of promoting gas dissolution by generating fine bubbles. However, the conventional nozzle pays attention to the generation of fine bubbles and cannot be said to be optimized for the dissolution of gas, and there is room for improvement regarding the dissolution of gas. Specifically, there is a demand for a gas-liquid mixing nozzle capable of increasing the amount of gas dissolved with lower power.

本開示は、同一のポンプ動力で気体の溶解量を増やすことのできる気液混合ノズルを説明する。 The present disclosure describes a gas-liquid mixing nozzle capable of increasing the amount of gas dissolved with the same pump power.

本開示の一態様は、入口部と、出口部と、入口部および出口部の間に配置された喉部と、が中心軸線に沿ってそれぞれ形成され、入口部、喉部、および出口部が接続されて気体および液体の流路をなす気液混合ノズルであって、気体および液体が流入する入口部であって、所定の第１内径を有すると共に、第１内径よりも流路の内径を縮小させる環状の縮小端面を含む入口部と、縮小端面の下流側に接続されて、第１内径よりも小さい第２内径を有すると共に中心軸線の方向に長さを有する管状の喉部と、喉部の下流側に接続されて流路の内径を拡大させる環状の拡大端面を含むと共に、第２内径より大きい第３内径を有する出口部と、を備え、中心軸線を含む断面において、縮小端面のなす角度は１８０度であり、喉部の第２内径に対する長さの比は、１５以上である。 In one aspect of the present disclosure, an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and a throat portion arranged between the entrance portion and the exit portion are formed along a central axis, respectively, and the entrance portion, the throat portion, and the exit portion are formed. A gas-liquid mixing nozzle that is connected to form a gas and liquid flow path, is an inlet for gas and liquid to flow in, has a predetermined first inner diameter, and has an inner diameter of the flow path rather than the first inner diameter. A tubular throat that is connected to the downstream side of the reduced annular end face and has a second inner diameter smaller than the first inner diameter and a length in the direction of the central axis, and a throat. An annular enlarged end face connected to the downstream side of the portion to expand the inner diameter of the flow path, and an outlet portion having a third inner diameter larger than the second inner diameter, and the reduced end face in the cross section including the central axis. The angle formed is 180 degrees, and the ratio of the length to the second inner diameter of the throat is 15 or more.

本開示の一態様によれば、同一のポンプ動力で気体の溶解量を増やすことができる。 According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the amount of dissolved gas can be increased with the same pump power.

図１は、一実施形態に係る気液混合ノズルの中心軸線を含む断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view including a central axis of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to the embodiment. 図２は、変形形態に係る気液混合ノズルの一部を拡大して示す断面図である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to the modified form. 図３は、総括酸素移動容量係数の測定試験に用いた装置を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an apparatus used for the measurement test of the total oxygen transfer capacity coefficient. 図４は、実施例および各比較例におけるポンプ動力と総括酸素移動容量係数の関係を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the pump power and the total oxygen transfer capacity coefficient in the examples and each comparative example. 図５（ａ）～図５（ｃ）は、それぞれ、比較例１～３に係る気液混合ノズルの中心軸線を含む断面図である。5 (a) to 5 (c) are cross-sectional views including the central axis of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to Comparative Examples 1 to 3, respectively.

本開示の一態様は、入口部と、出口部と、入口部および出口部の間に配置された喉部と、が中心軸線に沿ってそれぞれ形成され、入口部、喉部、および出口部が接続されて気体および液体の流路をなす気液混合ノズルであって、気体および液体が流入する入口部であって、所定の第１内径を有すると共に、第１内径よりも流路の内径を縮小させる環状の縮小端面を含む入口部と、縮小端面の下流側に接続されて、第１内径よりも小さい第２内径を有すると共に中心軸線の方向に長さを有する管状の喉部と、喉部の下流側に接続されて流路の内径を拡大させる環状の拡大端面を含むと共に、第２内径より大きい第３内径を有する出口部と、を備え、中心軸線を含む断面において、縮小端面のなす角度は１８０度であり、喉部の第２内径に対する長さの比は、１５以上である。 In one aspect of the present disclosure, an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and a throat portion arranged between the entrance portion and the exit portion are formed along a central axis, respectively, and the entrance portion, the throat portion, and the exit portion are formed. A gas-liquid mixing nozzle that is connected to form a gas and liquid flow path, is an inlet for gas and liquid to flow in, has a predetermined first inner diameter, and has an inner diameter of the flow path rather than the first inner diameter. A tubular throat that is connected to the downstream side of the reduced annular end face and has a second inner diameter smaller than the first inner diameter and a length in the direction of the central axis, and a throat. An annular enlarged end face connected to the downstream side of the portion to expand the inner diameter of the flow path, and an outlet portion having a third inner diameter larger than the second inner diameter, and the reduced end face in the cross section including the central axis. The angle formed is 180 degrees, and the ratio of the length to the second inner diameter of the throat is 15 or more.

この気液混合ノズルによれば、気体および液体が、入口部に流入し、次いで管状の喉部に流入する。入口部から喉部にかけて、環状の縮小端面によって流路の内径が縮小させられる。縮小端面のなす角度は１８０度である。入口部の第１内径よりも小さい第２内径を有する喉部は、第２内径の１５倍以上の長さを有する。このような構成を有する入口部および喉部によれば、同一のポンプ動力で気体の溶解量をより増やすことができる。溶解した気体を含む液体は、第２内径より大きい第３内径を有する出口部を通り、出口部に接続された配管または反応器に供給される。 According to this gas-liquid mixing nozzle, gas and liquid flow into the inlet and then into the tubular throat. From the entrance to the throat, the inner diameter of the flow path is reduced by the annular reduced end face. The angle formed by the reduced end face is 180 degrees. The throat having a second inner diameter smaller than the first inner diameter of the inlet has a length of 15 times or more the second inner diameter. According to the inlet portion and the throat portion having such a configuration, the amount of gas dissolved can be further increased by the same pump power. The liquid containing the dissolved gas passes through an outlet portion having a third inner diameter larger than the second inner diameter and is supplied to a pipe or a reactor connected to the outlet portion.

いくつかの態様において、喉部の第２内径に対する長さの比は、３０以下である。この構成によれば、同一のポンプ動力で気体の溶解量をより増やすことができる。よって、トータルのエネルギー効率に優れる。 In some embodiments, the ratio of length to the second inner diameter of the throat is 30 or less. According to this configuration, the amount of dissolved gas can be further increased with the same pump power. Therefore, the total energy efficiency is excellent.

いくつかの態様において、入口部の第１内径に対する喉部の第２内径の比は、０．１２以上０．３７以下である。この構成によれば、喉部において気体を好適に溶解させることができる。 In some embodiments, the ratio of the second inner diameter of the throat to the first inner diameter of the inlet is 0.12 or more and 0.37 or less. According to this configuration, the gas can be suitably dissolved in the throat.

いくつかの態様において、気液混合ノズルは、入口部と喉部の間の角部に形成された面取り部を備える。 In some embodiments, the gas-liquid mixing nozzle comprises a chamfer formed at the corner between the inlet and the throat.

以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、図面の説明において同一要素には同一符号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。本明細書において、「上流」または「下流」との語は、液体の流れを基準として用いられる。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted. As used herein, the terms "upstream" or "downstream" are used with reference to the flow of liquid.

図１を参照して、本実施形態の気液混合ノズル１０について説明する。気液混合ノズル１０は、たとえば水処理装置や化学反応器等に用いられる。気液混合ノズル１０は、水槽または反応器に接続された配管であって、気体および液体を供給する配管に組み込まれてもよい。すなわち、気液混合ノズル１０は、たとえば、気体を液体に溶解させるためのインライン式のノズルである。気液混合ノズル１０は、配管と水槽または反応器との間に設けられて、水槽または反応器内の液体に直接接触してもよい。気液混合ノズル１０は、気体が溶解された液体を水槽または反応器内の液体に直接吹き込むためのノズルであってもよい。気液混合ノズル１０が適用される液体は、たとえば水である。水とは、たとえば水処理装置によって処理される排水（廃水）もしくは汚水を含む概念である。気液混合ノズル１０が適用される液体は、水以外の液体であってよい。気液混合ノズル１０によって液体に溶解させられる気体は、たとえば酸素（空気）である。気液混合ノズル１０によって液体に溶解させられる気体は、酸素（空気）以外の気体であってよい。気液混合ノズル１０によって液体に溶解させられる気体は、たとえば、炭酸ガス、窒素ガス、ヘリウムガス、アルゴンガス、水素ガス、オゾンガス、アンモニアガス等であってもよい。 The gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is used in, for example, a water treatment device, a chemical reactor, or the like. The gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is a pipe connected to a water tank or a reactor, and may be incorporated in a pipe for supplying gas and liquid. That is, the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is, for example, an in-line nozzle for dissolving a gas in a liquid. The gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 may be provided between the pipe and the water tank or the reactor and may come into direct contact with the liquid in the water tank or the reactor. The gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 may be a nozzle for directly blowing the liquid in which the gas is dissolved into the liquid in the water tank or the reactor. The liquid to which the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is applied is, for example, water. Water is a concept including wastewater (wastewater) or sewage treated by, for example, a water treatment device. The liquid to which the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is applied may be a liquid other than water. The gas dissolved in the liquid by the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is, for example, oxygen (air). The gas dissolved in the liquid by the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 may be a gas other than oxygen (air). The gas dissolved in the liquid by the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 may be, for example, carbon dioxide gas, nitrogen gas, helium gas, argon gas, hydrogen gas, ozone gas, ammonia gas or the like.

図１に示されるように、気液混合ノズル１０は、内部に流路が形成された本体２０を備える。本体２０は、本体２０が接触する液体および気体に対して耐食性および耐熱性を有する材料からなる。本体２０は、樹脂製であってもよいし、金属製であってもよい。本体２０は、一体成形された構造を有してもよいし、後述の各部が別個に成形された後に互いに接合された構造を有してもよい。本体２０は、公知の方法によって製造され得る。 As shown in FIG. 1, the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 includes a main body 20 having a flow path formed inside. The main body 20 is made of a material having corrosion resistance and heat resistance against liquids and gases with which the main body 20 comes into contact. The main body 20 may be made of resin or metal. The main body 20 may have an integrally molded structure, or may have a structure in which each part described later is separately molded and then joined to each other. The body 20 can be manufactured by a known method.

気液混合ノズル１０は、上流側の配管等に接続される入口接続部１４と、入口接続部１４に連続して形成された例えば円筒状の入口部１１と、入口部１１に連続して形成された例えば円管状の喉部１２と、喉部１２に連続して形成された例えば円筒状の出口部１３とを備える。これらの入口接続部１４、入口部１１、喉部１２および出口部１３は、本体２０の内部において、中心軸線Ｌに沿ってそれぞれ形成されている。これらの入口接続部１４、入口部１１、喉部１２および出口部１３は、たとえば、中心軸線Ｌに関して同軸上に位置するように形成される。入口接続部１４、入口部１１、喉部１２、および出口部１３が接続されて、気体および液体の流路をなしている。 The gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is continuously formed at the inlet connection portion 14 connected to the pipe on the upstream side, for example, a cylindrical inlet portion 11 continuously formed at the inlet connection portion 14, and the inlet portion 11. It is provided with, for example, a circular tubular throat portion 12 and, for example, a cylindrical outlet portion 13 continuously formed in the throat portion 12. These inlet connection portions 14, inlet portions 11, throat portions 12, and outlet portions 13 are formed inside the main body 20 along the central axis L, respectively. These inlet connection portions 14, inlet portions 11, throat portions 12, and outlet portions 13 are formed so as to be located coaxially with respect to the central axis L, for example. The inlet connection portion 14, the inlet portion 11, the throat portion 12, and the outlet portion 13 are connected to form a gas and liquid flow path.

入口接続部１４は、気液混合ノズル１０の入口側の端部に位置する。入口接続部１４の内面には、たとえば雌ねじが形成される。入口接続部１４には、配管が接続される。入口接続部１４の内径は、たとえば入口部１１の第１内径φ１と略等しい。入口接続部１４は、中心軸線Ｌの方向に第４長さＬ４を有する。なお、入口接続部１４は、省略されてもよい。その場合、入口部１１が、気液混合ノズル１０の入口側の端部に位置する。なお、入口接続部１４の外周面に、雄ねじが形成されてもよい。 The inlet connection portion 14 is located at the end on the inlet side of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10. For example, a female screw is formed on the inner surface of the inlet connecting portion 14. A pipe is connected to the inlet connection portion 14. The inner diameter of the inlet connecting portion 14 is substantially equal to, for example, the first inner diameter φ1 of the inlet portion 11. The inlet connection portion 14 has a fourth length L4 in the direction of the central axis L. The inlet connection portion 14 may be omitted. In that case, the inlet portion 11 is located at the end portion on the inlet side of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10. A male screw may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inlet connecting portion 14.

入口部１１には、入口接続部１４を通じて、気体および液体が流入する。入口部１１に流入する液体は、たとえば気液混合ノズル１０よりも上流側に設けられたポンプによって、入口部１１に供給される。入口部１１に流入する気体は、気液混合ノズル１０よりも上流側において、入口接続部１４に接続された配管内に、ブロワ等によって供給される（図３に示される試験装置参照）。入口部１１に流入する気体を、エジェクタ等によって自給させてもよい。入口部１１は、所定の第１内径φ１を有する。入口部１１は、中心軸線Ｌの方向に第１長さＬ１を有する。これらの第１内径φ１および第１長さＬ１は、気液混合ノズル１０内を流れる液体の流量や気体の供給量等によって決定されてもよい。 Gas and liquid flow into the inlet 11 through the inlet connection 14. The liquid flowing into the inlet portion 11 is supplied to the inlet portion 11 by, for example, a pump provided on the upstream side of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10. The gas flowing into the inlet portion 11 is supplied by a blower or the like into the pipe connected to the inlet connection portion 14 on the upstream side of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 (see the test apparatus shown in FIG. 3). The gas flowing into the inlet portion 11 may be self-sufficient by an ejector or the like. The inlet portion 11 has a predetermined first inner diameter φ1. The inlet portion 11 has a first length L1 in the direction of the central axis L. The first inner diameter φ1 and the first length L1 may be determined by the flow rate of the liquid flowing in the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10, the amount of gas supplied, and the like.

入口部１１は、流路の内径を縮小させる環状の縮小端面１１ｂを含む。縮小端面１１ｂは、入口部１１の下流端に位置する。本実施形態では、縮小端面１１ｂは、中心軸線Ｌに直交する平面に平行である。すなわち、図１に示されるように、中心軸線Ｌを含む断面において、縮小端面１１ｂのなす角度αは１８０度である。縮小端面１１ｂは、入口部１１の第１内径φ１を有する円筒部と、喉部１２の入口端と、を接続する壁面である。なお、本実施形態の気液混合ノズル１０は、図１に示される断面を中心軸線Ｌ周りに３６０度回転させた立体と等しい形状を有する。 The inlet portion 11 includes an annular reduced end face 11b that reduces the inner diameter of the flow path. The reduced end face 11b is located at the downstream end of the inlet portion 11. In this embodiment, the reduced end face 11b is parallel to a plane orthogonal to the central axis L. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the angle α formed by the reduced end face 11b is 180 degrees in the cross section including the central axis L. The reduced end surface 11b is a wall surface connecting the cylindrical portion having the first inner diameter φ1 of the inlet portion 11 and the inlet end of the throat portion 12. The gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 of the present embodiment has a shape equivalent to a solid obtained by rotating the cross section shown in FIG. 1 by 360 degrees around the central axis L.

喉部１２は、入口部１１と出口部１３との間に配置されている。喉部１２は、気液混合ノズル１０内に形成された流路の内で、もっとも狭い（直径の小さい）流路である。喉部１２は、気液混合ノズル１０内に形成された流路の内で、中心軸線Ｌの方向にもっとも長い流路である。喉部１２は、入口部１１の縮小端面１１ｂの下流側に接続されている。喉部１２は、たとえば一定の第２内径φ２を有している。喉部１２の第２内径φ２は、入口部１１の第１内径φ１よりも小さい。入口部１１の第１内径φ１に対する喉部１２の第２内径φ２の比は、好ましくは、０．１２以上０．３７以下である。入口部１１の第１内径φ１に対する喉部１２の第２内径φ２の比は、より好ましくは、０．１５以上かつ０．２未満である。入口部１１の第１内径φ１に対する喉部１２の第２内径φ２の比が、０．１５未満であってもよく、０．２以上であってもよい。入口部１１の第１内径φ１は、入口部１１が円筒部とその他の部分（たとえば、縮小端面の一種としてのテーパ部等）とを含む場合には、その円筒部の内径である。 The throat portion 12 is arranged between the entrance portion 11 and the exit portion 13. The throat portion 12 is the narrowest (smaller diameter) flow path among the flow paths formed in the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10. The throat portion 12 is the longest flow path in the direction of the central axis L among the flow paths formed in the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10. The throat portion 12 is connected to the downstream side of the reduced end surface 11b of the entrance portion 11. The throat portion 12 has, for example, a constant second inner diameter φ2. The second inner diameter φ2 of the throat portion 12 is smaller than the first inner diameter φ1 of the inlet portion 11. The ratio of the second inner diameter φ2 of the throat portion 12 to the first inner diameter φ1 of the inlet portion 11 is preferably 0.12 or more and 0.37 or less. The ratio of the second inner diameter φ2 of the throat portion 12 to the first inner diameter φ1 of the inlet portion 11 is more preferably 0.15 or more and less than 0.2. The ratio of the second inner diameter φ2 of the throat portion 12 to the first inner diameter φ1 of the inlet portion 11 may be less than 0.15 or 0.2 or more. The first inner diameter φ1 of the inlet portion 11 is the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion when the inlet portion 11 includes a cylindrical portion and other portions (for example, a tapered portion as a kind of reduced end face).

喉部１２は、中心軸線Ｌの方向に第２長さＬ２を有する。この第２長さＬ２は、液体に対する気体の溶解量（溶解度）を高める観点で設定されている。特に、第２長さＬ２は、喉部１２の内径を基準にして定められている。喉部１２の内径として、喉部１２が内径一定の円管状である場合には、喉部１２の第２内径φ２がそのまま用いられる。喉部１２の断面形状が円形以外（たとえば楕円や、２つの円の一部分を重ね合わせたメガネ形状等）である場合には、喉部１２の内径は、その断面積と同じ面積を有する円の直径として算出され得る。喉部１２の断面形状が中心軸線Ｌの方向で変化する場合には、喉部１２の内径は、第２長さＬ２を有し喉部１２の全容積と同じ容積を有する円柱の直径として算出され得る。 The throat portion 12 has a second length L2 in the direction of the central axis L. The second length L2 is set from the viewpoint of increasing the dissolution amount (solubility) of the gas in the liquid. In particular, the second length L2 is determined with reference to the inner diameter of the throat portion 12. As the inner diameter of the throat portion 12, when the throat portion 12 is a circular tube having a constant inner diameter, the second inner diameter φ2 of the throat portion 12 is used as it is. When the cross-sectional shape of the throat portion 12 is other than a circle (for example, an ellipse or a glasses shape in which a part of two circles are overlapped), the inner diameter of the throat portion 12 is a circle having the same area as the cross-sectional area. It can be calculated as a diameter. When the cross-sectional shape of the throat portion 12 changes in the direction of the central axis L, the inner diameter of the throat portion 12 is calculated as the diameter of a cylinder having a second length L2 and the same volume as the total volume of the throat portion 12. Can be done.

出口部１３は、気液混合ノズル１０の出口側の端部に位置する。出口部１３は、喉部１２の下流側に接続されて流路の内径を拡大させる環状の拡大端面１３ｂを含む。本実施形態では、拡大端面１３ｂは、中心軸線Ｌに直交する平面に平行である。すなわち、中心軸線Ｌを含む断面において、拡大端面１３ｂのなす角度βは１８０度である。出口部１３は、拡大端面１３ｂの外周縁に接続され、所定の第３内径φ３を有する円筒部を含む。出口部１３の第３内径φ３は、喉部１２の第２内径φ２よりも大きい。拡大端面１３ｂは、喉部１２の出口端と、出口部１３の第３内径φ３を有する円筒部と、を接続する壁面である。出口部１３は、中心軸線Ｌの方向に第３長さＬ３を有する。なお、出口部１３の内面には、たとえば雌ねじが形成される。出口部１３には、配管が接続されてもよい。なお、出口部１３には、雌ねじが形成されなくてもよい。出口部１３の外周面に、雄ねじが形成されてもよい。 The outlet portion 13 is located at the end portion on the outlet side of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10. The outlet portion 13 includes an annular enlarged end face 13b that is connected to the downstream side of the throat portion 12 and expands the inner diameter of the flow path. In this embodiment, the enlarged end face 13b is parallel to a plane orthogonal to the central axis L. That is, in the cross section including the central axis L, the angle β formed by the enlarged end face 13b is 180 degrees. The outlet portion 13 includes a cylindrical portion connected to the outer peripheral edge of the enlarged end face 13b and having a predetermined third inner diameter φ3. The third inner diameter φ3 of the outlet portion 13 is larger than the second inner diameter φ2 of the throat portion 12. The enlarged end surface 13b is a wall surface connecting the outlet end of the throat portion 12 and the cylindrical portion having the third inner diameter φ3 of the outlet portion 13. The outlet portion 13 has a third length L3 in the direction of the central axis L. For example, a female screw is formed on the inner surface of the outlet portion 13. A pipe may be connected to the outlet portion 13. The female screw may not be formed at the outlet portion 13. Male threads may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outlet portion 13.

続いて、喉部１２の第２長さＬ２について説明する。喉部１２の内径（本実施形態では第２内径φ２）に対する喉部１２の第２長さＬ２の比は、１５以上である。喉部１２の内径に対する喉部１２の第２長さＬ２の比は、好ましくは、３０以下である。喉部１２の内径に対する喉部１２の第２長さＬ２の比は、より好ましくは、２５以下であり、さらにより好ましくは、２０以下である。喉部１２の内径に対する喉部１２の第２長さＬ２の比は、３０より大きくてもよく、４０より大きくてもよい。 Subsequently, the second length L2 of the throat portion 12 will be described. The ratio of the second length L2 of the throat portion 12 to the inner diameter of the throat portion 12 (the second inner diameter φ2 in the present embodiment) is 15 or more. The ratio of the second length L2 of the throat portion 12 to the inner diameter of the throat portion 12 is preferably 30 or less. The ratio of the second length L2 of the throat portion 12 to the inner diameter of the throat portion 12 is more preferably 25 or less, still more preferably 20 or less. The ratio of the second length L2 of the throat portion 12 to the inner diameter of the throat portion 12 may be larger than 30 or larger than 40.

この気液混合ノズル１０によれば、気体および液体が、入口部１１に流入し、次いで管状の喉部１２に流入する。入口部１１から喉部１２にかけて、環状の縮小端面１１ｂによって流路の内径が縮小させられる。縮小端面１１ｂのなす角度αは１８０度である。入口部１１の第１内径φ１よりも小さい第２内径φ２を有する喉部１２は、第２内径φ２の１５倍以上の第２長さＬ２を有する。このような構成を有する入口部１１および喉部１２によれば、同一のポンプ動力で気体の溶解量をより増やすことができる。溶解した気体を含む液体は、第２内径φ２より大きい第３内径φ３を有する出口部１３を通り、出口部１３に接続された配管または反応器に供給される。従来の微細気泡生成ノズルでは、微細気泡を生成するということは、液体に溶解できなかった気体が微細気泡として残っている状態であることを意味する。あるいは、溶解させた気体を微細気泡として発生させている状態であることを意味する。このため、従来のノズルは、気体の溶解に関して最適化されているとは言えず、改良の余地が残されている。本実施形態の気液混合ノズル１０によれば、効率よく気体を溶解させることができる。本実施形態の気液混合ノズル１０によれば、従来法と比較し、同じ水／気体量で気液混合ノズル１０を通過させた場合、効率よく気体を溶解させることができる。より詳細には、同じ圧力（ポンプ動力）を加えた場合（図４参照）と、同じ流量で流した場合のいずれでも気体の溶解量を増やすことができる。 According to the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10, gas and liquid flow into the inlet portion 11 and then into the tubular throat portion 12. From the entrance portion 11 to the throat portion 12, the inner diameter of the flow path is reduced by the annular reduced end face 11b. The angle α formed by the reduced end face 11b is 180 degrees. The throat portion 12 having a second inner diameter φ2 smaller than the first inner diameter φ1 of the inlet portion 11 has a second length L2 that is 15 times or more the second inner diameter φ2. According to the inlet portion 11 and the throat portion 12 having such a configuration, the amount of gas dissolved can be further increased by the same pump power. The liquid containing the dissolved gas passes through the outlet portion 13 having a third inner diameter φ3 larger than the second inner diameter φ2 and is supplied to the pipe or reactor connected to the outlet portion 13. In the conventional fine bubble generation nozzle, generating fine bubbles means that the gas that could not be dissolved in the liquid remains as fine bubbles. Alternatively, it means that the dissolved gas is generated as fine bubbles. For this reason, conventional nozzles cannot be said to be optimized for gas dissolution, leaving room for improvement. According to the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 of the present embodiment, the gas can be efficiently dissolved. According to the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 of the present embodiment, the gas can be efficiently dissolved when the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 is passed through the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 with the same amount of water / gas as compared with the conventional method. More specifically, the amount of dissolved gas can be increased both when the same pressure (pump power) is applied (see FIG. 4) and when the gas is flowed at the same flow rate.

また、気液混合ノズル１０の設計にあたっては、混合したい気体の液体に対する溶解度や溶解速度から、適切な圧力（ポンプ動力）を決定することができる。例えば、溶解しやすい気体であれば０．１ＭＰａ程度、溶解しにくい気体であれば０．３ＭＰａ程度等というように、圧力を決定することができる。そして、決定した圧力に対して、喉部１２の太さをベルヌーイの式（ベルヌーイの定理）で決定する。喉部１２の長さが長い方が、気液反応時間が長くなるので好ましい。気液混合ノズル１０に気体および液体が混合された流体を流すと、喉部１２を通過する際に気体が引きのばされ、ちぎれて（破断されて）、気体の溶解が促進する。 Further, in designing the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10, an appropriate pressure (pump power) can be determined from the solubility and dissolution rate of the gas to be mixed with the liquid. For example, the pressure can be determined to be about 0.1 MPa for a gas that is easily dissolved, about 0.3 MPa for a gas that is difficult to dissolve, and so on. Then, the thickness of the throat 12 is determined by Bernoulli's equation (Bernoulli's theorem) with respect to the determined pressure. It is preferable that the length of the throat portion 12 is long because the gas-liquid reaction time is long. When a fluid in which a gas and a liquid are mixed is passed through the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10, the gas is stretched and torn (broken) as it passes through the throat 12, and the dissolution of the gas is promoted.

喉部１２の第２内径φ２に対する第２長さＬ２の比は、３０以下である。この構成によれば、同一のポンプ動力で気体の溶解量をより増やしつつ、必要なエネルギー（ポンプの動力等）の増大を抑えることができる。よって、トータルのエネルギー効率に優れる。 The ratio of the second length L2 to the second inner diameter φ2 of the throat portion 12 is 30 or less. According to this configuration, it is possible to suppress an increase in required energy (pump power, etc.) while further increasing the amount of gas dissolved by the same pump power. Therefore, the total energy efficiency is excellent.

入口部１１の第１内径φ１に対する喉部１２の第２内径φ２の比は、０．１５以上０．２未満である。この構成によれば、喉部１２において気体を好適に溶解させることができる。 The ratio of the second inner diameter φ2 of the throat portion 12 to the first inner diameter φ1 of the inlet portion 11 is 0.15 or more and less than 0.2. According to this configuration, the gas can be suitably dissolved in the throat portion 12.

入口部１１の角度（縮小端面１１ｂのなす角度）の溶解効率に対する影響は、９０度と１８０度において、明確な違いが無い若しくは少なかった。その場合、入口部１１の角度が小さい方が、エネルギーの損失が小さいと考えられる。入口部１１の角度が小さく、かつ内径が同じ場合、傾斜部分の長さが長くなると損失が大きくなると考えられる。そこで図２に示されるように、入口部１１と喉部１２の間の角部に形成された面取り部１６を備える構成とすることで、エネルギー損失を抑えられる。面取り部１６は、たとえば、環状の角部の全周にわたって形成される。面取り部１６は、丸面であってもよく、角面であってもよい。面取り部１６が丸面である場合、面取り部１６の曲率半径Ｒは、たとえば下記式（１）で表される。ここで、φ１―φ２は、縮小端面１１ｂの径方向の長さに相当する。

Figure 0007052878000001
The effect of the angle of the inlet portion 11 (the angle formed by the reduced end face 11b) on the dissolution efficiency was no or little difference between 90 degrees and 180 degrees. In that case, it is considered that the smaller the angle of the inlet portion 11, the smaller the energy loss. When the angle of the inlet portion 11 is small and the inner diameter is the same, it is considered that the loss increases as the length of the inclined portion increases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the energy loss can be suppressed by providing the chamfered portion 16 formed at the corner portion between the inlet portion 11 and the throat portion 12. The chamfered portion 16 is formed, for example, over the entire circumference of the annular corner portion. The chamfered portion 16 may be a round surface or a square surface. When the chamfered portion 16 has a round surface, the radius of curvature R of the chamfered portion 16 is represented by, for example, the following equation (1). Here, φ1-φ2 corresponds to the radial length of the reduced end face 11b.
Figure 0007052878000001

以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限られない。 Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

（総括酸素移動容量係数の測定試験）
以下、実施例１に係る気液混合ノズル１０と、比較例１～３に係る各種の気液混合ノズルとを用いて、総括酸素移動容量係数を測定する試験を行った。試験に用いた装置を図３に示す。この試験装置１００は、水Ｗを収容する水槽１０１と、水槽１０１に接続された流入配管１０２および戻り配管１０４と、これらの間に設けられたポンプ１０３とを有する。流入配管１０２には、実施例に係る気液混合ノズル１０（または比較例に係る気液混合ノズル）が組み込まれている。流入配管１０２には、気液混合ノズルとポンプ１０３との間において圧力計１０６が設けられる。戻り配管１０４には、流量計１０７が設けられる。水槽１０１には、水槽１０１内の水Ｗの溶存酸素（ＤＯ）を測定するＤＯ計１０８と、水Ｗの温度を測定する温度計１０９とが設けられる。ＤＯ計１０８は、水Ｗに浸漬されたＤＯセンサ１０８ａを含む。温度計１０９は、水Ｗに浸漬された温度センサ１０９ａを含む。(Measurement test of overall oxygen transfer capacity coefficient)
Hereinafter, a test was conducted in which the gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 according to Example 1 and various gas-liquid mixing nozzles according to Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were used to measure the total oxygen transfer capacity coefficient. The device used in the test is shown in FIG. The test device 100 has a water tank 101 for accommodating water W, an inflow pipe 102 and a return pipe 104 connected to the water tank 101, and a pump 103 provided between them. The gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 according to the embodiment (or the gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to the comparative example) is incorporated in the inflow pipe 102. The inflow pipe 102 is provided with a pressure gauge 106 between the gas-liquid mixing nozzle and the pump 103. The return pipe 104 is provided with a flow meter 107. The water tank 101 is provided with a DO meter 108 for measuring the dissolved oxygen (DO) of the water W in the water tank 101 and a thermometer 109 for measuring the temperature of the water W. The DO total 108 includes a DO sensor 108a immersed in water W. The thermometer 109 includes a temperature sensor 109a immersed in water W.

水槽１０１は、大気開放のもとに設置した。水槽１０１の容量は１８Ｌであった。気体入口から、１００ｍｌ／ｍｉｎの流量にて、空気を供給した。測定開始時のＤＯは１．５ｍｇ／Ｌとした。総括酸素移動容量係数（ＫＬａ）の算出条件は、ＤＯ値５～７ｍｇ／Ｌを切り出して（抽出して）、下記式（２）によって算出した。

Figure 0007052878000002
ここで、Ｃ１：ｔ１時間後のＤＯ濃度（ｍｇ／Ｌ）
Ｃ２：ｔ２時間後のＤＯ濃度（ｍｇ／Ｌ）
（出展：https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jriet1972/11/10/11_10_739/_pdf）The water tank 101 was installed in an open atmosphere. The capacity of the water tank 101 was 18 L. Air was supplied from the gas inlet at a flow rate of 100 ml / min. The DO at the start of measurement was 1.5 mg / L. The calculation condition of the total oxygen transfer capacity coefficient (KLa) was calculated by the following formula (2) by cutting out (extracting) a DO value of 5 to 7 mg / L.
Figure 0007052878000002
 Here, the DO concentration (mg / L) after C 1 : t1 hour
C 2 : DO concentration (mg / L) after t 2 hours
(Exhibitor: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jriet1972/11/10/11_10_739/_pdf)

試験に用いた気液混合ノズルの諸元について説明する。実施例１に係る気液混合ノズルについて説明する。
＜実施例１に係る気液混合ノズル１０＞
第４長さＬ４：１８ｍｍ
第１長さＬ１：２９ｍｍ
第２長さＬ２：６０ｍｍ
第３長さＬ３：１８ｍｍ
第１内径φ１：２４ｍｍ
第２内径φ２：４ｍｍ
第３内径φ３：Ｒｃ３／４
角度α ：１８０度
角度β ：１８０度The specifications of the gas-liquid mixing nozzle used in the test will be described. The gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to the first embodiment will be described.
<Gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10 according to Example 1>
4th length L4: 18mm
First length L1: 29 mm
Second length L2: 60 mm
Third length L3: 18 mm
First inner diameter φ1: 24 mm
Second inner diameter φ2: 4 mm
Third inner diameter φ3: Rc3 / 4
Angle α: 180 degrees Angle β: 180 degrees

図５（ａ）～図５（ｃ）を参照して、比較例１～３に係る気液混合ノズルについて説明する。
＜比較例１に係る気液混合ノズル１０Ａ＞（図５（ａ）参照）
第１長さＬ１：２０ｍｍ
第２長さＬ２：５ｍｍ
第３長さＬ３：２０ｍｍ
第１内径φ１：２０ｍｍ
第２内径φ２：４ｍｍ
第３内径φ３：２０ｍｍ
角度α ：１８０度
角度β ：１８０度The gas-liquid mixing nozzles according to Comparative Examples 1 to 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (c).
<Gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10A according to Comparative Example 1> (see FIG. 5A)
First length L1: 20 mm
Second length L2: 5 mm
Third length L3: 20 mm
First inner diameter φ1: 20 mm
Second inner diameter φ2: 4 mm
Third inner diameter φ3: 20 mm
Angle α: 180 degrees Angle β: 180 degrees

＜比較例２に係る気液混合ノズル１０Ｂ＞（図５（ｂ）参照）
第１長さＬ１：２０ｍｍ
第２長さＬ２：５ｍｍ
第３長さＬ３：６０ｍｍ（テーパ部の長さ）
第１内径φ１：２０ｍｍ
第２内径φ２：４ｍｍ
第３内径φ３：２０ｍｍ
角度α ：１８０度
角度β ：７．９度×２＝１５．８度<Gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10B according to Comparative Example 2> (see FIG. 5 (b))
First length L1: 20 mm
Second length L2: 5 mm
Third length L3: 60 mm (length of taper part)
First inner diameter φ1: 20 mm
Second inner diameter φ2: 4 mm
Third inner diameter φ3: 20 mm
Angle α: 180 degrees Angle β: 7.9 degrees x 2 = 15.8 degrees

＜比較例３に係る気液混合ノズル１０Ｃ＞（図５（ｃ）参照）
第１長さＬ１：４２．４ｍｍ
第１長さＬ１の内訳：
円筒部の長さＬ１ａ：２０ｍｍ、テーパ部の長さＬ１ｂ：２２．４ｍｍ
第２長さＬ２：５ｍｍ
第３長さＬ３：２０ｍｍ
第１内径φ１：２０ｍｍ（円筒部の内径）
第２内径φ２：４ｍｍ
第３内径φ３：２０ｍｍ
角度α ：４０度
角度β ：１８０度<Gas-liquid mixing nozzle 10C according to Comparative Example 3> (see FIG. 5 (c))
First length L1: 42.4 mm
Breakdown of the first length L1:
Cylindrical length L1a: 20 mm, tapered length L1b: 22.4 mm
Second length L2: 5 mm
Third length L3: 20 mm
First inner diameter φ1: 20 mm (inner diameter of cylindrical part)
Second inner diameter φ2: 4 mm
Third inner diameter φ3: 20 mm
Angle α: 40 degrees Angle β: 180 degrees

以上の試験装置１００および各気液混合ノズルを用いて、総括酸素移動容量係数（ＫＬａ）の測定試験を行った。実施例１については３回の試験を行い、比較例１～３については各２回の試験を行った。試験結果を表１、図４に示す。図４では、ポンプ動力とＫＬａの比較を行っている。 Using the above test device 100 and each gas-liquid mixing nozzle, a measurement test of the total oxygen transfer capacity coefficient (KLa) was performed. Example 1 was tested three times, and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were tested twice each. The test results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. In FIG. 4, the pump power and KLa are compared.

Figure 0007052878000003
Figure 0007052878000003

表１および図４に示されるように、実施例１では、同等のポンプ動力で比較した場合に、比較例１～３に比して、高いＫＬａ値が得られた。 As shown in Table 1 and FIG. 4, in Example 1, a higher KLa value was obtained as compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3 when compared with the same pump power.

１０ 気液混合ノズル
１１ 入口部
１１ｂ 縮小端面
１２ 喉部
１３ 出口部
１３ｂ 拡大端面
１４ 入口接続部
１６ 面取り部
２０ 本体
Ｌ 中心軸線
Ｌ１ 第１長さ
Ｌ２ 第２長さ
Ｌ３ 第３長さ
α （縮小端面の）角度
β （拡大端面の）角度
φ１ 第１内径
φ２ 第２内径
φ３ 第３内径10 Gas-liquid mixing nozzle 11 Inlet part 11b Reduced end surface 12 Throat part 13 Outlet part 13b Enlarged end surface 14 Inlet connection part 16 Chamfered part 20 Main body L Central axis L1 1st length L2 2nd length L3 3rd length α (reduced) Angle β (of the enlarged end face) Angle φ1 First inner diameter φ2 Second inner diameter φ3 Third inner diameter

Claims (5)

入口部と、出口部と、前記入口部および前記出口部の間に配置された喉部と、が中心軸線に沿ってそれぞれ形成され、前記入口部、前記喉部、および前記出口部が接続されて気体および液体の流路をなす気液混合ノズルであって、
前記気体および前記液体が流入する前記入口部であって、所定の第１内径を有すると共に、前記第１内径よりも前記流路の内径を縮小させる環状の縮小端面を含む前記入口部と、
前記縮小端面の下流側に接続されて、前記第１内径よりも小さい第２内径を有すると共に前記中心軸線の方向に長さを有する管状の前記喉部と、
前記喉部の下流側に接続されて前記流路の内径を拡大させる環状の拡大端面を含むと共に、前記第２内径より大きい第３内径を有する前記出口部と、を備え、
前記中心軸線を含む断面において、前記縮小端面のなす角度は１８０度であり、
前記喉部の前記第２内径に対する前記長さの比は、１５以上であり、前記喉部において、前記液体に対する前記気体の溶解が促進される、気液混合ノズル。 An entrance portion, an exit portion, and a throat portion arranged between the entrance portion and the exit portion are formed along the central axis, respectively, and the entrance portion, the throat portion, and the exit portion are connected to each other. A gas-liquid mixing nozzle that forms a flow path for gas and liquid.
The inlet portion into which the gas and the liquid flow into, the inlet portion having a predetermined first inner diameter and including an annular reduced end face that reduces the inner diameter of the flow path from the first inner diameter.
A tubular throat that is connected to the downstream side of the reduced end face and has a second inner diameter smaller than the first inner diameter and a length in the direction of the central axis.
It comprises an annular enlarged end face that is connected to the downstream side of the throat portion and expands the inner diameter of the flow path, and also includes the outlet portion having a third inner diameter larger than the second inner diameter.
In the cross section including the central axis, the angle formed by the reduced end face is 180 degrees.
A gas-liquid mixing nozzle in which the ratio of the length of the throat to the second inner diameter is 15 or more, and the dissolution of the gas in the liquid is promoted in the throat . 前記喉部の前記第２内径に対する前記長さの比は、３０以下である、請求項１に記載の気液混合ノズル。 The gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length of the throat to the second inner diameter is 30 or less. 前記喉部の前記第２内径に対する前記長さの比は、２０以下である、請求項２に記載の気液混合ノズル。The gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the length of the throat to the second inner diameter is 20 or less. 前記入口部の前記第１内径に対する前記喉部の前記第２内径の比は、０．１２以上０．３７以下である、請求項１～３のいずれか一項に記載の気液混合ノズル。 The gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of the second inner diameter of the throat to the first inner diameter of the inlet is 0.12 or more and 0.37 or less. 前記入口部と前記喉部の間の角部に形成された面取り部を備える、請求項１～４のいずれか一項に記載の気液混合ノズル。
The gas-liquid mixing nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , further comprising a chamfered portion formed at a corner portion between the inlet portion and the throat portion.
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