JP6989993B1 - Crushing and sterilizing equipment for waste decomposition equipment - Google Patents

Crushing and sterilizing equipment for waste decomposition equipment Download PDF

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JP6989993B1
JP6989993B1 JP2021146682A JP2021146682A JP6989993B1 JP 6989993 B1 JP6989993 B1 JP 6989993B1 JP 2021146682 A JP2021146682 A JP 2021146682A JP 2021146682 A JP2021146682 A JP 2021146682A JP 6989993 B1 JP6989993 B1 JP 6989993B1
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壽幸 三好
信男 高畑
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【課題】 医療廃棄物を微生物処理するについて、構造が簡単で従来に比べて小型となる破砕滅菌装置を提供する。【解決手段】 破砕・滅菌室の底部に破砕機を備えて、当該破砕・滅菌室に投入された廃棄物を破砕する。前記破砕・滅菌室から通気管を介して、一旦当該破砕・滅菌室の空気を外部に取り出して再び破砕・滅菌室に返す循環路が設けられ、当該循環路の途中に送風器が備えられる。前記循環路の前記送風器の下流側にヒーターが設けられ、加熱された空気を破砕・滅菌室に送り込むようになっている。前記循環路には外気取入口が設けられ、更にその上流側には排気口が設けられ、前記外気取入口には、ブロワーが接続されて、冷却用の空気を送り込む構成になっている。【選択図】 図1PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crushing sterilizer having a simple structure and a smaller size than a conventional one for treating medical waste with microorganisms. SOLUTION: A crusher is provided at the bottom of a crushing / sterility chamber to crush the waste put into the crushing / sterility chamber. A circulation path is provided from the crushing / sterility chamber via a ventilation pipe, and the air in the crushing / sterility chamber is once taken out to the outside and returned to the crushing / sterility chamber again, and a blower is provided in the middle of the circulation path. A heater is provided on the downstream side of the blower in the circulation path so as to send the heated air to the crushing / sterility chamber. The circulation passage is provided with an outside air intake port, an exhaust port is further provided on the upstream side thereof, and a blower is connected to the outside air intake port so as to send cooling air. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

本発明は廃棄物分解装置に関し、特に廃棄物分解装置に投入する被処理物の破砕滅菌装置と、消臭装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a waste decomposition apparatus, and more particularly to a crushing and sterilizing apparatus for an object to be put into the waste decomposition apparatus and a deodorizing apparatus.

本願出願人は、特許6887707号公報で土壌菌を多孔質セラミックに担持させて廃棄物を分解する方法と装置を提案している。ここで分解できる廃棄物はプラスチックを含めた自然有機物および人工有機物である。 The applicant of the present application proposes a method and an apparatus for decomposing waste by supporting soil bacteria on a porous ceramic in Japanese Patent No. 6877707. The waste that can be decomposed here is natural organic matter including plastic and artificial organic matter.

廃棄物にはいわゆる産業廃棄物や家庭廃棄物があるが、医療廃棄物は***物を含んだ紙おむつ、手術で使用したゴム手袋、注射シリンダー、注射針等、種々雑多な物が含まれている。医療廃棄物を扱う場合には、消毒・殺菌が必要であるが、単に消毒・殺菌するだけでなく、芽胞菌まで完全に消滅させる、いわゆる滅菌処理が必要である。 Waste includes so-called industrial waste and household waste, but medical waste includes various miscellaneous items such as paper diapers containing excrement, rubber gloves used in surgery, injection cylinders, and injection needles. .. When handling medical waste, disinfection and sterilization are required, but not only disinfection and sterilization but also so-called sterilization treatment that completely eliminates spore-forming bacteria is required.

芽胞菌は通常の細菌と比べて極めて高温に強く、100℃での煮沸によっても完全に不活化することが出来ない。芽胞菌を高温で完全に不活化するには、オートクレーブ処理(約2気圧の飽和水蒸気中で121℃、15分以上)、乾熱処理(180℃で30分あるいは160℃で1時間以上)などの処理が必要となる。 Spore-forming bacteria are extremely resistant to high temperatures compared to normal bacteria, and cannot be completely inactivated by boiling at 100 ° C. To completely inactivate spore-forming bacteria at high temperature, autoclave treatment (121 ° C, 15 minutes or more in saturated water vapor at about 2 atm), dry heat treatment (30 minutes at 180 ° C or 1 hour or more at 160 ° C), etc. Processing is required.

一般に廃棄物処理をする方法として、先行特許文献1、2に開示するように亜臨界あるいは超臨界域で処理対象物を加水分解する方法がある。この場合は、亜臨界あるいは超臨界域の高温高圧のタンク内で、対象物を分解するのであるから、廃棄物が医療廃棄物であっても、前記滅菌処理も分解処理とともにできることが容易に推測できる(例えば特許文献1段落0019)。 Generally, as a method for treating waste, there is a method for hydrolyzing the object to be treated in a subcritical or supercritical region as disclosed in Prior Patent Documents 1 and 2. In this case, since the object is decomposed in a high-temperature and high-pressure tank in the subcritical or supercritical region, it is easy to guess that the sterilization process can be performed together with the decomposition process even if the waste is medical waste. Yes (for example, Patent Document 1, paragraph 0019).

一方、被処理物を分解して構成要素ごとに分別して再利用もしくは廃棄する処理方法がある。この場合は、前記要素ごとへの分解前、あるいは後に、前記滅菌処理が必要となる。 On the other hand, there is a treatment method in which the object to be treated is disassembled, separated into each component, and reused or discarded. In this case, the sterilization treatment is required before or after disassembling each element.

特許文献3では、破砕装置で被処理物を破砕して、滅菌乾燥処理槽で滅菌してから乾燥し、再利用あるいは廃棄に供している。 In Patent Document 3, the object to be treated is crushed by a crushing device, sterilized in a sterilization drying treatment tank, dried, and reused or discarded.

また、特許文献4では、被処理物を破砕装置で破砕して、その下側に設けた処理槽で受け、当該処理槽で乾熱を用いて滅菌をする構成を開示している。 Further, Patent Document 4 discloses a configuration in which an object to be treated is crushed by a crushing device, received in a treatment tank provided below the crusher, and sterilized by using dry heat in the treatment tank.

一方、この種分解装置では、処理中に悪臭を伴うことがある。特許文献2ではカセイソーダ等のアルカリ剤あるいはそれに次亜塩素酸を加えて消臭処理をしている(段落0027)。 On the other hand, this kind of decomposition device may be accompanied by a foul odor during processing. In Patent Document 2, an alkaline agent such as caustic soda or hypochlorous acid is added thereto for deodorization treatment (paragraph 0027).

また特許文献4では、白金触媒を用いて消臭処理をしている(段落0093)。
更に、特許文献5ではオゾンを用いることがなされている。
Further, in Patent Document 4, a platinum catalyst is used for deodorizing treatment (paragraph 0093).
Further, in Patent Document 5, ozone is used.

特開2017-225938号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-225938 特開2017-131841号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-131841 特開2020-10978号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2020-10978 特許2007-98199号公報Japanese Patent No. 2007-98199 特開平04-16248号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 04-16248

本願出願人が特許6887707号公報で提示している、微生物による廃棄物処理装置は、処理対象物を、分解処理の前段階として、被処理物を破砕、滅菌乾燥しておく必要がある。すなわち、微生物による分解は、水蒸気の発生を伴い、水分の増加を招くので、処理前の被処理物に多大の水分を含むことは、菌の活性を損ない、また発生する水分の処理が問題となる。また、微生物による分解処理は35℃前後の温度の下で実施されるのであるから、殺菌や滅菌はできない。分解処理期間中、あるいは分解処理後に、外部に有毒な細菌や芽胞菌を排出しないためには、分解処理前に被処理物の殺菌、滅菌をしておく必要がある。 In the waste treatment apparatus using microorganisms presented by the applicant of the present application in Japanese Patent No. 6877007, it is necessary to crush and sterilize and dry the object to be treated as a pre-decomposition step. That is, decomposition by microorganisms is accompanied by the generation of water vapor, which leads to an increase in water content. Become. In addition, since the decomposition treatment by microorganisms is carried out at a temperature of around 35 ° C., sterilization and sterilization cannot be performed. In order not to discharge toxic bacteria and spore-forming bacteria to the outside during the decomposition treatment period or after the decomposition treatment, it is necessary to sterilize and sterilize the object to be treated before the decomposition treatment.

引用文献3に開示の装置では、破砕と滅菌・乾燥が異なる装置によって処理され、装置自体がはなはだ嵩高くなることが予測される。更に、滅菌と乾燥は同じ槽で行われているが、滅菌をするについては加熱殺菌部で高温の飽和水蒸気を供給された状態で、圧縮ポンプで高圧にすることによって、前記滅菌の条件である「2気圧の飽和水蒸気中で121℃15分以上」が形成され(段落0023)ている。次いで、乾燥をするについては、前記滅菌の時の水蒸気を供給する経路とは別の経路で送り込まれる「水蒸気による熱」を利用して実施される。 In the apparatus disclosed in Cited Document 3, it is expected that crushing and sterilization / drying are processed by different apparatus, and the apparatus itself becomes extremely bulky. Furthermore, sterilization and drying are performed in the same tank, but sterilization is a condition of the sterilization by increasing the pressure with a compression pump while the high-temperature saturated steam is supplied by the heat sterilization unit. "121 ° C for 15 minutes or more in saturated steam at 2 atm" is formed (paragraph 0023). Next, drying is carried out by utilizing "heat from steam" sent by a route different from the route for supplying steam at the time of sterilization.

このように、滅菌と乾燥で異なる機構を用いているので、装置自体が非常に複雑になり、嵩高くなる欠点がある。 As described above, since different mechanisms are used for sterilization and drying, the apparatus itself becomes very complicated and bulky.

特許文献4には、破砕部で被処理物を破砕した後、その下側に設けた処理部で乾熱滅菌処理を行う構成になっている。この装置での破砕部と処理部は上下で別個の装置であり、被処理物を破砕してから乾燥・滅菌するという順で作業が進められる。従って、処理に時間がかかることになり、また、装置全体の嵩が大きくなる。 Patent Document 4 has a configuration in which a material to be treated is crushed by a crushing portion, and then a dry heat sterilization treatment is performed by a processing portion provided below the crushed portion. The crushing part and the processing part in this device are separate devices on the top and bottom, and the work proceeds in the order of crushing the object to be processed and then drying and sterilizing it. Therefore, the processing takes time, and the bulk of the entire device becomes large.

尚、上記特許文献3では、上記滅菌、乾燥処理が終わった廃棄物は、素材毎に分別して、再利用に供し(段落0048)、また、引用文献4では乾熱処理が終わった後の被処理物を産業廃棄物としているが、本願では後に説明するように微生物による分解処理に供することになる。 In Patent Document 3, the waste that has been sterilized and dried is separated for each material and reused (paragraph 0048), and in Cited Document 4, it is treated after the dry heat treatment is completed. Although the product is regarded as industrial waste, it will be subjected to decomposition treatment by microorganisms as will be described later in the present application.

また、特許文献2に開示するように、発生する臭い成分を、アルカリ剤等を用いて処理することは消臭用の特別な槽を必要とし、装置体積を大きくすることになる、また、特許文献5に開示するように、オゾンを使用することは、オゾン発生器を必要とし、この場合も装置体積を大きくする。また、未反応のオゾンがでたとき、それを処理しておかないと、周囲につよい悪臭を放つことになる。 Further, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, treating the generated odorous component with an alkaline agent or the like requires a special tank for deodorizing, which increases the volume of the apparatus. As disclosed in Document 5, the use of ozone requires an ozone generator, which also increases the volume of the device. In addition, when unreacted ozone is emitted, if it is not treated, it will give off a strong odor to the surroundings.

また、特許文献4に開示するように白金触媒を用いることは、コストデメリットが大きいことになる。 Further, using a platinum catalyst as disclosed in Patent Document 4 has a large cost demerit.

本発明は上記従来の事情に鑑みて提案されたものであって、廃棄物、特に医療廃棄物を微生物処理するについて、構造が簡単で従来に比べて小型となる破砕滅菌装置を提供することを目的とする。また、前記滅菌効果を発揮する構造を利用して消臭効果をも発揮する装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, and provides a crushing sterilizer having a simple structure and a smaller size than the conventional one for microbial treatment of wastes, particularly medical wastes. The purpose. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that also exerts a deodorizing effect by utilizing the structure that exerts the sterilizing effect.

本発明は、廃棄物を微生物処理によって分解する廃棄物分解装置に適用する破砕滅菌装置であって、以下の破砕・滅菌室、破砕機、循環路、ヒーターを備える。 The present invention is a crushing and sterilizing device applied to a waste decomposing device that decomposes waste by microbial treatment, and includes the following crushing / sterilizing chamber, crusher, circulation path, and heater.

前記破砕・滅菌室の底部に破砕機を備えて、当該破砕・滅菌室に投入された廃棄物を破砕する。前記破砕・滅菌室から通気管を介して、一旦当該破砕・滅菌室の空気を外部に取り出して再び破砕・滅菌室に返す循環路が設けられ、当該循環路の途中に送風器が備えられる。前記循環路の前記送風器の下流側にヒーターが設けられ、加熱された空気を破砕・滅菌室に送り込むようになっている。 A crusher is provided at the bottom of the crushing / sterility chamber to crush the waste put into the crushing / sterility chamber. A circulation path is provided from the crushing / sterility chamber via a ventilation pipe, and the air in the crushing / sterility chamber is once taken out to the outside and returned to the crushing / sterility chamber again, and a blower is provided in the middle of the circulation path. A heater is provided on the downstream side of the blower in the circulation path so as to send the heated air to the crushing / sterilizing chamber.

また、前記循環路の前記送風器の上流側には外気取入口が設けられ、当該外気取入口には、ブロワーが接続される。更にその上流側には排気口が設けられる。Further, an outside air intake is provided on the upstream side of the blower of the circulation path, and a blower is connected to the outside air intake. Further, an exhaust port is provided on the upstream side.

前記外気取入口には、前記ヒーターと破砕機がONのときは前記外気取入口を閉じ、ヒーターと破砕機がOFFになったときに前記外気取入口を開にするバルブが配設される。The outside air intake is provided with a valve that closes the outside air intake when the heater and the crusher are ON, and opens the outside air intake when the heater and the crusher are OFF.

また、前記排出口には、ヒーターと破砕機がONのとき、前記循環路側を開、当該排出口側を閉とし、ヒーターと破砕機がOFFになったときに前記循環路側を閉、当該排出口側を開とする3方バルブが備えられる。Further, when the heater and the crusher are turned on, the circulation path side is opened and the discharge port side is closed, and when the heater and the crusher are turned off, the circulation path side is closed and the exhaust port is discharged. A three-way valve that opens the outlet side is provided.

前記ヒーターのON,OFF、バルブによる外気取入口の開閉、3方バルブによる排気口の開閉と循環路の開閉の切り替えは温度管理手段によってなされる。The heater is turned on and off, the outside air intake is opened and closed by the valve, the exhaust port is opened and closed by the three-way valve, and the circulation path is opened and closed by the temperature control means.

また、前記破砕機のON, OFFは破砕制御手段によってなされる。Further, ON / OFF of the crusher is performed by the crushing control means.

前記ヒーターは、セラミックの円柱ボディを有し、当該円柱ボディの軸方向に複数の小孔をそなえ、前記複数の孔の一部もしくは全部に対して、熱戦が張り渡された構成とする。The heater has a ceramic cylindrical body, has a plurality of small holes in the axial direction of the cylindrical body, and has a configuration in which a thermal battle is spread over a part or all of the plurality of holes.

前記ヒーターの下流側に消臭触媒を配置することによって、消臭効果を生むことができる By arranging the deodorizing catalyst on the downstream side of the heater, a deodorizing effect can be produced .

上記の構成により、被処理物に対して、次段の微生物処理に必要な、破砕、滅菌、乾燥を同時に行うことができ、装置の部品点数や嵩を大幅に減らすことができる。加えて消臭触媒を備えることによって、前記破砕・滅菌室から発生する臭い成分を分解することができる。With the above configuration, the object to be treated can be crushed, sterilized, and dried at the same time, which is necessary for the next-stage microbial treatment, and the number of parts and bulk of the device can be significantly reduced. In addition, by providing a deodorizing catalyst, the odorous component generated from the crushing / sterility chamber can be decomposed.

本発明の全体区制図である。It is a whole division diagram of this invention. 切削刃の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of a cutting blade. 破砕・滅菌室の平面図である。It is a top view of a crushing / sterility chamber. ヒーターの拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of a heater. 外気取入口と、排出口のバルブを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the valve of the outside air intake and the outlet. 本発明の稼働状態を示すフロー図である。It is a flow chart which shows the operating state of this invention. ヒーターと消臭器の関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between a heater and a deodorizer. 分解槽に対して消臭装置を適用した場合の図であるIt is a figure when the deodorizer is applied to the decomposition tank. 循環路を共通にする場合のバルブ構造を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the valve structure in the case of making a common circulation path. 本発明が提供される微生物分解装置の全体図である。It is an overall view of the microbial decomposition apparatus provided with this invention.

図10は本願発明が提供される微生物分解システムの全体図である。 FIG. 10 is an overall view of the microbial decomposition system provided by the present invention.

破砕・滅菌装置100で破砕・滅菌された被処理物は、コンベアー200で微生物分解装置300に搬送される。微生物分解装置300での分解処理には臭いの発生を伴うので、消臭装置400が設置されている。 The object to be crushed and sterilized by the crushing and sterilizing device 100 is conveyed to the microbial decomposition device 300 by the conveyor 200. Since the decomposition treatment by the microbial decomposition device 300 involves the generation of an odor, a deodorizing device 400 is installed.

図1は本発明の破砕・滅菌装置の要部を示す図である。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a main part of the crushing / sterilizing apparatus of the present invention.

有蓋、有底の円筒形の軸を縦にした状態の破砕・滅菌室1の上部に、被処理物を投入するための投入口11が設けられ、前記破砕・滅菌室1に対して、気密に開閉できるようになっている。前記破砕・滅菌室1の底部には、回転板21が水平に配置され、当該回転板21は、底板の下に配置されたモータ23によって駆動される。 An input port 11 for charging the object to be processed is provided at the upper part of the crushing / sterility chamber 1 in a state where the cylindrical shaft with a lid and a bottom is vertical, and the crushing / sterility chamber 1 is airtight. It can be opened and closed. A rotary plate 21 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the crushing / sterility chamber 1, and the rotary plate 21 is driven by a motor 23 arranged under the bottom plate.

前記回転板21上に切削刃22が放射状に複数垂直に立設される。前記切削刃22は、前記回転板21の中央から外周に向かって次第に高くなり、その高さ方向の先端には図2に示すように、回転方向上流側から下流側に幅広になるテーパをなす刃22aが、当該切削刃22の全域(前記回転板21の中心部から外周部に至る全域)に渡って形成されている。これによって、回転板21を回転させると、切削刃22で、投入口11から投入された被処理物が破砕されるようになっている。 A plurality of cutting blades 22 are vertically erected on the rotating plate 21 in a radial pattern. The cutting blade 22 gradually rises from the center of the rotary plate 21 toward the outer periphery, and the tip in the height direction has a taper that widens from the upstream side to the downstream side in the rotation direction as shown in FIG. The blade 22a is formed over the entire area of the cutting blade 22 (the entire area from the central portion to the outer peripheral portion of the rotary plate 21). As a result, when the rotary plate 21 is rotated, the object to be processed, which is charged from the charging port 11, is crushed by the cutting blade 22.

前記、切削刃22の上側で破砕・滅菌室1の周壁には、径方向内側に突き出す覆い12が複数設けられる。図1、図3(図1の平面図)に示すように、当該覆い12は、前記回転板21の回転上流側から下流側に向かって、次第に位置が高くなるように傾斜し、また径方向に次第に広くなる形状となっている。これによって、前記投入口11から投入された被処理物が、前記覆い12を伝って円板21まで滑り落ちるように、また、回転する切削刃22で切削され、飛び散った被処理物が、前記覆い12に阻止されて再び回転板1上の落下するようになっている。また、破砕された被処理物が、覆い12の上にまで飛び散ったとしても、前記覆い12の傾斜を伝って回転板21まで滑り落ちるようになっている。
前記破砕・滅菌室1の前記切削刃22の位置に対応した周壁の一部に、外部との気密が保たれた状態で閉じることができる開閉口13が設けられている。
A plurality of covers 12 protruding inward in the radial direction are provided on the peripheral wall of the crushing / sterility chamber 1 on the upper side of the cutting blade 22. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 (plan view of FIG. 1), the cover 12 is inclined so as to gradually increase in position from the rotation upstream side to the downstream side of the rotary plate 21, and also in the radial direction. It has a shape that gradually widens. As a result, the object to be machined loaded from the charging port 11 slides down to the disk 21 along the cover 12, and the object to be machined that is cut by the rotating cutting blade 22 and scattered is the cover. It is blocked by 12 and falls on the rotating plate 1 again. Further, even if the crushed object to be processed is scattered on the cover 12, it slides down to the rotating plate 21 along the inclination of the cover 12.
An opening / closing port 13 that can be closed while maintaining airtightness with the outside is provided in a part of the peripheral wall corresponding to the position of the cutting blade 22 in the crushing / sterility chamber 1.

後に説明するように、当該開閉口13は、被処理物の破砕、滅菌が終了して、破砕・滅菌室1の温度が室温まで下がったときに、コントローラ55が作動して自動で開くようになっている。 As will be described later, the opening / closing port 13 is automatically opened by the controller 55 when the crushing and sterility of the object to be processed is completed and the temperature of the crushing / sterility chamber 1 drops to room temperature. It has become.

前記、破砕・滅菌室1の天蓋には、循環路30の上流端をなす通気管31aが連通しており、循環路30は下流端をなす通気管31bを介して破砕・滅菌室1に戻るようになっている。前記循環路30の途中には前段に送風器45を備えたヒーター40が配設され、当該送風器45とヒーター40で熱風が、破砕・滅菌室1に循環路30を介して循環するようになっている。 A ventilation pipe 31a forming the upstream end of the circulation path 30 communicates with the canopy of the crushing / sterility chamber 1, and the circulation passage 30 returns to the crushing / sterility chamber 1 via the ventilation pipe 31b forming the downstream end. It has become like. A heater 40 provided with a blower 45 is arranged in the middle of the circulation path 30, so that hot air is circulated through the circulation path 30 to the crushing / sterility chamber 1 by the blower 45 and the heater 40. It has become.

ヒーター40は、図4、図7に示すように、セラミックの円柱ボディ41に軸方向の複数の***42を備え、当該***42に対して、1本の電熱線43を、往行、復行を繰り返して張り渡した構成となっている。 As shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, the heater 40 is provided with a plurality of small holes 42 in the axial direction in the ceramic cylindrical body 41, and one heating wire 43 is used for the small holes 42 in the forward and backward directions. It is a structure that is stretched repeatedly.

図1、図5に示すように、循環路30の前記送風器45の前段に外気取入口33が設けられ、当該外気取入口33にブロワー32が接続される。 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, an outside air intake 33 is provided in front of the blower 45 of the circulation path 30, and a blower 32 is connected to the outside air intake 33.

更に、ブロワー32の循環路30への接続口となる外気取入口33にはバルブ33vが設けられ、後述するように、破砕・滅菌室1での破砕滅菌処理が終わった後、破砕・滅菌室1を冷却するための外気を取り入れるときに開となる。また、前記循環路30の外気取入口33の前段には、循環路30側に開となるか排気口34に開となるかを切り替える三方バルブ34vが設けられる。当該三方バルブ34vは、後述するように、滅菌や消臭時には循環路30側に開となり、ブロワー32で外気を取り入れるときは排気口34に開となる。 Further, a valve 33v is provided at the outside air intake 33v which is a connection port to the circulation path 30 of the blower 32, and as will be described later, after the crushing sterility treatment in the crushing / sterility chamber 1 is completed, the crushing / sterility chamber is provided. It opens when the outside air for cooling 1 is taken in. Further, in the front stage of the outside air intake 33 of the circulation path 30, a three-way valve 34v for switching between opening on the circulation path 30 side and opening on the exhaust port 34 is provided. As will be described later, the three-way valve 34v opens to the circulation path 30 side during sterility and deodorization, and opens to the exhaust port 34 when the outside air is taken in by the blower 32.

以上の構成で、破砕・滅菌室1で被処理物の破砕と同時に滅菌もするわけであるが、乾熱で滅菌をするについては前記したように、180℃で30分以上、あるいは160℃で1時間以上という条件が課される。そこで本発明は、200℃で40分という条件を以下に説明するコントローラ55の温度設定手段に設定しておく。 With the above configuration, sterilization is performed at the same time as crushing the object to be processed in the crushing / sterilizing chamber 1. However, as described above, sterilization by dry heat is performed at 180 ° C for 30 minutes or more, or at 160 ° C. A condition of one hour or more is imposed. Therefore, in the present invention, the condition of 40 minutes at 200 ° C. is set in the temperature setting means of the controller 55 described below.

図6は本発明のコントローラ55による制御例を示すフローチャートである。先ず、被処理物を前記投入口11から投入し、それとともにコントローラ55の温度管理手段56と破砕制御手段57を起動させる。尚、このときバルブ33vは閉、バルブ34vは循環路30に開となっている。 FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a control example by the controller 55 of the present invention. First, the object to be processed is charged from the charging port 11, and the temperature control means 56 and the crushing control means 57 of the controller 55 are activated at the same time. At this time, the valve 33v is closed and the valve 34v is open in the circulation path 30.

前記温度管理手段56はヒーター40と送風器45をONにし、温度センサー1sによる破砕・滅菌室1内の温度が200℃になる制御を実行する。それとともに、当該破砕制御手段57は回転板21を駆動するモータ23の電源をONして、被処理物の破砕を実行する。このとき、前記温度が200℃になるまでは回転板21を低速で回転し、200℃になってから高速で回転するように制御する(図6、S1→S2(S2a、S2b))。 The temperature control means 56 turns on the heater 40 and the blower 45, and controls the temperature in the crushing / sterility chamber 1 by the temperature sensor 1s to 200 ° C. At the same time, the crushing control means 57 turns on the power of the motor 23 that drives the rotary plate 21 to crush the object to be processed. At this time, the rotating plate 21 is rotated at a low speed until the temperature reaches 200 ° C., and is controlled to rotate at a high speed after reaching 200 ° C. (FIG. 6, S1 → S2 (S2a, S2b)).

前記温度管理手段56は、回転板21が回転している状態で、前記破砕・滅菌室1内の温度が200℃を検知した状態を40分間維持する(図6、S3)。 The temperature control means 56 maintains a state in which the temperature in the crushing / sterility chamber 1 is 200 ° C. for 40 minutes while the rotating plate 21 is rotating (FIGS. 6 and S3).

前記40分が経過すると、ヒーター40と送風器45の電源を切るとともに、その旨(200℃を40分間維持したこと)を破砕制御手段57に通知する。当該通知を受けた破砕制御手段57は、回転板21の回転を一旦止める(S4)。 After the lapse of 40 minutes, the heater 40 and the blower 45 are turned off, and the crushing control means 57 is notified to that effect (maintaining 200 ° C. for 40 minutes). Upon receiving the notification, the crushing control means 57 temporarily stops the rotation of the rotating plate 21 (S4).

次に、冷却工程に移行する。 Next, the process shifts to the cooling process.

すなわち、温度管理手段56は、ブロワー32の外気取入口33のバルブ33vを開、前記ブロワー32の上流側の3方弁34vを排気口34側に開(循環路30側を閉)にする(S5)。この状態で、ブロワー32をONにすると、外気取入口33より取り入れられた外気は破砕・滅菌室1に送り込まれ、三方弁34vを介して排気口34より排出される(S6→S7)。これによって、破砕・滅菌室1は冷却されることになる。 That is, the temperature control means 56 opens the valve 33v of the outside air intake 33 of the blower 32, and opens the three-way valve 34v on the upstream side of the blower 32 toward the exhaust port 34 (closes the circulation path 30 side). S5). When the blower 32 is turned on in this state, the outside air taken in from the outside air intake 33 is sent to the crushing / sterility chamber 1 and discharged from the exhaust port 34 via the three-way valve 34v (S6 → S7). As a result, the crushing / sterility chamber 1 is cooled.

温度管理手段56が前記破砕・滅菌室1の温度が常温になったことを検知した時点で、その旨を前記破砕制御手段57に通知すると、当該破砕制御手段57は、前記取出口13を開くとともに、モータ23をONにして回転板21を回転させる。 When the temperature control means 56 detects that the temperature of the crushing / sterility chamber 1 has reached room temperature and notifies the crushing control means 57 to that effect, the crushing control means 57 opens the outlet 13. At the same time, the motor 23 is turned on to rotate the rotary plate 21.

これによって破砕、滅菌、乾燥された被処理物は破砕刃22によって、取出口13から排出されることになる(S8)。このように被処理物が排出された後は、各バルブ33v、34vを初期状態に戻しておく(S9)。 As a result, the crushed, sterilized, and dried object to be processed is discharged from the outlet 13 by the crushing blade 22 (S8). After the object to be treated is discharged in this way, the valves 33v and 34v are returned to the initial state (S9).

前記開閉口13の被処理物の排出を受けるように、コンベアー200(図10)が備えられており、当該コンベアー200で被処理物は微生物処理装置300の分解槽310に搬送される。 A conveyor 200 (FIG. 10) is provided so as to receive the discharge of the object to be processed at the opening / closing port 13, and the object to be processed is conveyed to the decomposition tank 310 of the microorganism processing apparatus 300 by the conveyor 200.

ところで、前記破砕・滅菌室1に投入される物質には、汚物等、破砕、乾燥過程で臭いの発生する物質も多い。上記した構成でヒーター温度を600℃にすると、臭い成分を分解することができるが、それでは消臭にともなうエネルギーロスが多くなる。そこで、図7を用いて後に説明する消臭触媒50を用いることによってヒーター温度が350℃で、臭い成分を焼失させることができる。 By the way, among the substances put into the crushing / sterility chamber 1, there are many substances such as filth that generate an odor in the process of crushing and drying. When the heater temperature is set to 600 ° C. in the above configuration, the odorous component can be decomposed, but that causes a large energy loss due to deodorization. Therefore, by using the deodorizing catalyst 50 described later with reference to FIG. 7, the odorous component can be burned off at a heater temperature of 350 ° C.

<消臭>
前記滅菌・破砕室1は気密状態になっており、比較的発生する臭いは少ないが、それでも消臭の必要性を伴う場合が発生する。
<Deodorant>
The sterility / crushing chamber 1 is in an airtight state, and although the odor generated is relatively small, there may be cases where deodorization is necessary.

そこで、滅菌・破砕室1から発生する臭いが強い場合は、消臭触媒が用いられる。 Therefore, when the odor generated from the sterility / crushing chamber 1 is strong, a deodorizing catalyst is used.

前記消触媒は、図7に示すように、方形の枠51の対向する辺に炭素繊維52を複数条張り渡して網体となし、単位の消臭板を形成し、当該単位の消臭板を単体あるいは複数枚(図面上は2枚)、前記ヒーター40の吹き出し側に配置する構成になっている。この構成で、前記ヒーター40の吹き出し温度を350℃以上にすると、空気に含まれる臭い成分を分解できることができる。 As shown in FIG. 7, in the deodorizing catalyst, a plurality of carbon fibers 52 are stretched over opposite sides of a square frame 51 to form a net body, and a unit deodorizing plate is formed, and the unit deodorizing plate is formed. Is arranged as a single unit or a plurality of sheets (two sheets on the drawing) on the blowout side of the heater 40. With this configuration, when the blowing temperature of the heater 40 is set to 350 ° C. or higher, the odorous component contained in the air can be decomposed.

当該消臭のメカニズムについては明瞭ではないが、仮に、前記消臭触媒50を配置しない場合は、600℃の温度にしない限り、消臭効果がないところから、炭素繊維52が何等かの触媒的な作用をしているものと考えられる。 The mechanism of the deodorization is not clear, but if the deodorizing catalyst 50 is not arranged, the carbon fiber 52 has some catalytic effect because it has no deodorizing effect unless the temperature is set to 600 ° C. It is thought that it has a positive effect.

また、前記分解処理槽装置300は、気密構造にはなっていないので、その分解槽310での分解処理中に臭いが発生する。 Further, since the decomposition treatment tank device 300 does not have an airtight structure, an odor is generated during the decomposition treatment in the decomposition tank 310.

そこで、図8に示すように、滅菌・破砕室1の空気を加熱循環、消臭する構造を、分解槽310の空気を加熱循環、消臭する構成にそのまま適用することができる。但し、この場合分解槽310内は35℃と低温であるので、前記ブロアー32による冷却構造は不要である。 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the structure in which the air in the sterility / crushing chamber 1 is heated and circulated and deodorized can be directly applied to the configuration in which the air in the decomposition tank 310 is heated and circulated and deodorized. However, in this case, since the temperature inside the decomposition tank 310 is as low as 35 ° C., the cooling structure by the blower 32 is unnecessary.

また、前記ヒーター40と消臭触媒50により消臭された空気は、そのまま外部に放出してもよいが、ここでは、分解槽310に返される。分解槽310は常に35℃前後に保持される必要があるところから、前記消臭処理中にヒーター40で加熱された空気を利用するのが合理的である。 Further, the air deodorized by the heater 40 and the deodorizing catalyst 50 may be discharged to the outside as it is, but here, it is returned to the decomposition tank 310. Since the decomposition tank 310 needs to be kept at around 35 ° C. at all times, it is rational to use the air heated by the heater 40 during the deodorizing treatment.

但し、前記ヒーター40の熱量だけでは前記35℃に維持できないときには、分解槽310に予備加熱装置が必要となり、記ヒーター40の熱量で分解槽310内の温度が35℃より上がり過ときは、上記ヒーター40を間欠運転する必要がある。 However, when the heat quantity of the heater 40 alone cannot maintain the temperature at 35 ° C., a preheating device is required for the decomposition tank 310, and when the temperature inside the decomposition tank 310 rises above 35 ° C. due to the heat quantity of the heater 40, the above It is necessary to operate the heater 40 intermittently.

上記では、前記臭い源となる破砕・滅菌室1と分解槽310とのそれぞれに、ヒーター40と消臭触媒50を適用した例を示したが、ヒーター40、消臭触媒50を含む循環路30を破砕・滅菌室1と分解槽310で共通にしてもよい。すなわち、図9に示すように、循環路30の始端側31aを3方バルブ60aで分岐し、分岐された一方を破砕・滅菌室1に接続し、他方を分解槽310に接続する。また、循環路30の終端側31bを3方バルブ60bで分岐し、分岐された一方を破砕・滅菌室1に接続し、他方を分解槽310に接続する。 In the above, an example in which the heater 40 and the deodorizing catalyst 50 are applied to the crushing / sterility chamber 1 and the decomposition tank 310, which are the sources of the odor, is shown, but the circulation path 30 including the heater 40 and the deodorizing catalyst 50 is shown. May be shared between the crushing / sterilizing chamber 1 and the decomposition tank 310. That is, as shown in FIG. 9, the starting end side 31a of the circulation path 30 is branched by a three-way valve 60a, one of the branches is connected to the crushing / sterility chamber 1, and the other is connected to the decomposition tank 310. Further, the terminal side 31b of the circulation path 30 is branched by a three-way valve 60b, one of the branches is connected to the crushing / sterility chamber 1, and the other is connected to the decomposition tank 310.

当然のことながら、破砕・滅菌室1での破砕滅菌処理とともに、消臭をする場合は前記2つの3方バルブ60a、60bを破砕・滅菌室1側に開にし、このとき、ヒーター40の消臭触媒50側の吹き出し温度は350℃であるが、前記したように破砕・滅菌室1は200℃に維持される制御がなされる。 As a matter of course, in addition to the crushing and sterilizing treatment in the crushing and sterilizing chamber 1, when deodorizing, the two three-way valves 60a and 60b are opened on the crushing and sterilizing chamber 1 side, and at this time, the heater 40 is extinguished. The blowing temperature on the odor catalyst 50 side is 350 ° C., but as described above, the crushing / sterility chamber 1 is controlled to be maintained at 200 ° C.

また、分解槽310の消臭をする場合は前記2つの3方バルブ60a、60bを分解槽310側に開にする。前記したように、前記ヒーター40の熱量が不足するときの、予備加熱装置、ヒーター40の熱量の熱量が過剰であるときの間欠運転はこの場合も同様である。 When deodorizing the decomposition tank 310, the two three-way valves 60a and 60b are opened toward the decomposition tank 310. As described above, the intermittent operation when the heat amount of the heater 40 is insufficient and the heat amount of the preheating device and the heater 40 is excessive is the same in this case as well.

上記において、送風器45とブロワー32を共通にする構成としてもよいが、送風器45はヒーター40による熱風を循環させることから故障が発生しやすく単独で取り換えができる構成としている。 In the above, the blower 45 and the blower 32 may be shared in common, but since the blower 45 circulates hot air from the heater 40, a failure is likely to occur and the blower 32 can be replaced independently.

以上説明したように、本発明は、微生物を用いて廃棄物を分解する廃棄物分解装置において、被処理物の破砕、滅菌、乾燥が同一の装置ででき、加えて、廃棄物の破砕や分解の際に発生する臭いも同一の装置で消すことができるので、装置全体の体積を極めて小さくすることができ、廃棄物処理において、極めて有効である。 As described above, according to the present invention, in a waste decomposition device that decomposes waste using microorganisms, the object to be treated can be crushed, sterilized, and dried by the same device, and in addition, the crushing and decomposition of waste can be performed. Since the odor generated at the time can be eliminated by the same device, the volume of the entire device can be made extremely small, which is extremely effective in waste treatment.

100 破砕滅菌装置
200 コンンベアー
300 微生物分解装置
310 分解槽
400 消臭装置
1 破砕・滅菌室
11 投入口
12 覆い
13 開閉口
21 回転板
22 切削刃
22a 刃
23 モータ
30 循環路
31a、31b 通気管
32 ブロワー
33 外気取入口(33v バルブ)
34 排気口(34v バルブ)
40 ヒーター
42 ***
43 電熱線
45 送風器
50 消臭触媒
55 コントローラ
56 温度管理手段
57 破砕制御手段
60a、60b バルブ
100 Crushing sterilizer 200 Conveyor 300 Microbial decomposition device 310 Decomposing tank 400 Deodorizing device 1 Crushing / sterilizing room 11 Input port 12 Cover 13 Opening / closing port 21 Rotating plate 22 Cutting blade 22a Blade 23 Motor 30 Circulation path 31a, 31b Ventilation pipe 32 33 Outside air intake (33v valve)
34 Exhaust port (34v valve)
40 Heater 42 Small hole 43 Heating wire 45 Blower 50 Deodorant catalyst 55 Controller 56 Temperature control means 57 Crush control means 60a, 60b Valve

Claims (5)

廃棄物を微生物処理によって分解槽で分解する廃棄物分解装置に適用する破砕滅菌装置において、
投入された廃棄物を収容する破砕・滅菌室と、
前記破砕・滅菌室の底部に設置された破砕機と、
前記破砕・滅菌室から通気管を介して、一旦当該破砕・滅菌室の空気を外部に取り出して再び破砕・滅菌室に返す循環路と、
前記循環路に備えた送風器と、
前記循環路の前記送風器の下流側で空気を加熱するヒーターと、
前記循環路の前記送風器の上流側に設けた、外気取入口と、
前記外気取入口に接続されたブロワーと、
前記循環路の前記外気取入口より更に上流に設けた排出口と、
前記ヒーターと破砕機がONのときは前記外気取入口を閉じ、ヒーターと破砕機がOFFになったときに前記外気取入口を開にするバルブと、
前記ヒーターと破砕機がONのとき、前記循環路側を開、前記排出口側を閉とし、ヒーターと破砕機がOFFになったときに前記循環路側を閉、前記排出口側を開とする3方バルブと、
を備えたことを特徴とする廃棄物分解装置の破砕滅菌装置。
In a crushing sterilizer applied to a waste decomposition device that decomposes waste in a decomposition tank by microbial treatment,
A crushing / sterility room that stores the input waste,
The crusher installed at the bottom of the crushing / sterility chamber and
A circulation path that once takes out the air from the crushing / sterility chamber to the outside through a ventilation pipe and returns it to the crushing / sterility chamber again.
The blower provided in the circulation path and
A heater that heats the air downstream of the blower in the circulation path,
An outside air intake provided on the upstream side of the blower in the circulation path,
With the blower connected to the outside air intake,
An discharge port provided further upstream from the outside air intake of the circulation path,
A valve that closes the outside air intake when the heater and crusher are ON, and opens the outside air intake when the heater and crusher are OFF.
When the heater and the crusher are ON, the circulation path side is opened and the discharge port side is closed, and when the heater and the crusher are OFF, the circulation path side is closed and the discharge port side is opened. One valve and
A crushing and sterilizing device for waste decomposition equipment, which is characterized by being equipped with.
前記、ヒーターのON,OFF、バルブの開閉、および3方バルブの切り替えを制御する温度管理手段と、The temperature control means for controlling ON / OFF of the heater, opening / closing of the valve, and switching of the three-way valve,
前記破砕機のON,OFFを制御する破砕制御手段とWith a crushing control means for controlling ON / OFF of the crusher
を備えた請求項1に記載の廃棄物分解装置の破砕滅菌装置。The crushing and sterilizing apparatus for the waste decomposition apparatus according to claim 1.
前記ヒーターが、
軸方向に複数の小孔を有したセラミックであり、前記通気管の軸と自身の軸を合わせて配置した円柱ボディと、
前記複数の孔の一部もしくは全部に対して、張り渡された熱線と、
を備えた請求項1又は2に記載の廃棄物分解装置の破砕滅菌装置。
The heater
A ceramic having a plurality of small holes in the axial direction, and a cylindrical body in which the axis of the ventilation pipe and its own axis are aligned with each other.
A heat ray stretched over a part or all of the plurality of holes,
The crushing and sterilizing apparatus for the waste decomposition apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 .
前記ヒーターの下流側に消臭触媒を配置した請求項1又は2に記載の廃棄物分解装置の破砕滅菌装置。 The crushing and sterilizing device for a waste decomposition device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a deodorizing catalyst is arranged on the downstream side of the heater. 前記消臭触媒が、炭素繊維の網体である請求項4に記載の廃棄物分解装置の破砕滅菌装置。 The crushing and sterilizing device for a waste decomposition device according to claim 4, wherein the deodorizing catalyst is a carbon fiber network.
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