JP6885703B2 - How to make organic fertilizer - Google Patents

How to make organic fertilizer Download PDF

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JP6885703B2
JP6885703B2 JP2016208542A JP2016208542A JP6885703B2 JP 6885703 B2 JP6885703 B2 JP 6885703B2 JP 2016208542 A JP2016208542 A JP 2016208542A JP 2016208542 A JP2016208542 A JP 2016208542A JP 6885703 B2 JP6885703 B2 JP 6885703B2
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勇美 福永
勇美 福永
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勇美 福永
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78Recycling of wood or furniture waste

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Description

本発明は、有機廃棄物を発酵して有機肥料を製造する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing organic fertilizer by fermenting organic waste.

食品等に由来する有機廃棄物を利用して有機肥料を製造する試みが従来から行われている。 Attempts have been made to produce organic fertilizers using organic wastes derived from foods and the like.

例えば、特許文献1には、食品に由来する廃棄物や下水処理施設から排出される汚泥から有機肥料を製造する方法が記載されている。 For example, Patent Document 1 describes a method for producing organic fertilizer from waste derived from food and sludge discharged from a sewage treatment facility.

一方、特許文献2には、敷き藁や医療廃棄物を高温高圧下で撹拌して、無菌化する方法が記載されている。 On the other hand, Patent Document 2 describes a method of sterilizing bedding straw and medical waste by stirring them under high temperature and high pressure.

特許第3378858号公報Japanese Patent No. 3378858 特開2007‐7622号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-7622

特許公報1の方法では、汚泥に対しておが屑と微生物とを混合して、水分率を調節しながら発酵、熟成して有機肥料を製造する。この方法では、有機肥料が得られるまでに4カ月もの期間が必要になる。 In the method of Patent Publication 1, sawdust and microorganisms are mixed with sludge and fermented and aged while adjusting the water content to produce an organic fertilizer. This method requires as much as four months to obtain organic fertilizer.

一方で、スーパーマーケットなど食品の小売店からは、野菜くずや魚のアラなどの生ごみが大量に排出される。下水処理施設では、下水を処理した際に発生する汚泥が大量に排出される。畜産場からは、家畜の糞尿が大量に排出される。これらの廃棄物の主な処理方法としては焼却が挙げられる。しかしながら、上記のような廃棄物は含水率が高いため、燃焼させるのに多大なエネルギーを要する。さらに、上記のような廃棄物を燃焼させると燃焼炉の内壁に含水率が高い廃棄物が付着して炉を傷める原因となるため処理業者から敬遠される傾向がある。上記のような廃棄物をより短期間で肥料にすることができれば、焼却処分を行わなくてもよくなり、環境負荷を低減することも可能になる。 On the other hand, a large amount of kitchen waste such as vegetable waste and fish sawedged perch is discharged from food retail stores such as supermarkets. At sewage treatment facilities, a large amount of sludge generated when sewage is treated is discharged. A large amount of livestock manure is discharged from the livestock farm. Incinerator is the main treatment method for these wastes. However, since the above-mentioned waste has a high water content, a large amount of energy is required to burn it. Further, when the above-mentioned waste is burned, the waste having a high water content adheres to the inner wall of the combustion furnace and causes damage to the furnace, so that the waste tends to be avoided by the treatment company. If the above-mentioned waste can be used as fertilizer in a shorter period of time, it will not be necessary to incinerate it, and it will be possible to reduce the environmental load.

特許文献2には、病原体が付着している可能性がある医療廃棄物を高温、高圧で処理して無害化する方法が主に記載されているに過ぎず、無害化された処理物を発酵することまでは記載されていない。 Patent Document 2 mainly describes a method for detoxifying medical waste to which pathogens may be attached by treating it at high temperature and high pressure, and fermenting the detoxified processed product. There is no mention of what to do.

以上のような問題点に鑑みて、本発明は、従来よりも短期間で有機廃棄物から有機肥料を製造することが可能な方法を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of producing organic fertilizer from organic waste in a shorter period of time than before.

有機廃棄物を発酵して有機肥料を製造する方法であって、当該方法は、有機廃棄物を前処理する工程と、前処理された有機廃棄物を発酵する工程とを含み、前処理工程は、有機廃棄物を15〜40気圧かつ200〜250℃の高温高圧下で撹拌して、その後急激に減圧する工程である有機肥料の製造方法によって、上記の課題を解決する。すなわち、従来法では有機廃棄物から有機肥料を製造するのに4カ月もの期間を要していたところ、この方法によってより短い期間で有機肥料を製造することが可能になる。 A method of fertilizing organic waste to produce organic fertilizer, which comprises a step of pretreating the organic waste and a step of fermenting the pretreated organic waste, and the pretreatment step includes a step of fertilizing the pretreated organic waste. The above-mentioned problems are solved by a method for producing organic fertilizer, which is a step of stirring organic waste under high temperature and high pressure of 15 to 40 atm and 200 to 250 ° C. and then rapidly reducing the pressure. That is, in the conventional method, it took as long as 4 months to produce organic fertilizer from organic waste, but this method makes it possible to produce organic fertilizer in a shorter period of time.

有機廃棄物は、汚泥、生ゴミ、及び、動物又は人間の***物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の有機物を含む廃棄物であることが好ましい。これらの廃棄物は、含水率が高く、焼却処分するには困難を伴う。高温かつ高圧で前処理することによって、焼却によらず廃棄物を処理して、しかも発酵した有機肥料を得ることが可能になる。有機物を多く含むので肥効も高くすることができる。 The organic waste is preferably a waste containing at least one organic substance selected from the group consisting of sludge, kitchen waste, and animal or human excrement. These wastes have a high water content and are difficult to incinerate. Pretreatment at high temperature and high pressure makes it possible to treat waste without incineration and to obtain fermented organic fertilizer. Since it contains a large amount of organic matter, the fertilizing effect can be enhanced.

有機廃棄物を発酵する工程は、前処理した有機廃棄物と木質廃材との混合物を堆積して、温度と含水率とを管理しながら好気条件下で固体培養する工程とすることが好ましい。これによって、有機廃棄物に含まれる高分子を低分子化して肥効を向上させると共に、施肥しやすい粉末状の有機肥料を得ることができる。 The step of fermenting the organic waste is preferably a step of depositing a mixture of the pretreated organic waste and the wood waste material and culturing the solid under aerobic conditions while controlling the temperature and the water content. As a result, the polymer contained in the organic waste can be reduced in molecular weight to improve the fertilizer effect, and a powdered organic fertilizer that can be easily fertilized can be obtained.

前処理した有機廃棄物に対して、前処理を行う前の有機廃棄物を配合した後、好気条件下で固体培養することが好ましい。比較的に含水率の高い処理前の有機廃物を配合することによって、微生物が繁殖するのに適した含水率に調節することができる。
It is preferable that the pretreated organic waste is mixed with the organic waste before the pretreatment and then solid-cultured under aerobic conditions. By blending a high pretreatment organic Wastes moisture content relatively, it can be adjusted to a moisture content microorganisms suitable for breeding.

前処理工程は耐圧容器の中で行われるものであって、減圧する際には、耐圧容器に設けられた複数の圧力解放弁を同時に開放することによって、急激に減圧することが好ましい。これによって、急激に減圧を行うことが可能になる。 The pretreatment step is performed in a pressure-resistant container, and when the pressure is reduced, it is preferable to rapidly reduce the pressure by opening a plurality of pressure release valves provided in the pressure-resistant container at the same time. This makes it possible to rapidly reduce the pressure.

本発明によれば、従来よりも短期間で有機廃棄物から有機肥料を製造することが可能である。 According to the present invention, it is possible to produce organic fertilizer from organic waste in a shorter period of time than before.

前処理を行う際に使用する装置の一例を模式的に示した図である。It is a figure which showed typically an example of the apparatus used at the time of performing a pretreatment.

以下、本発明の実施形態を図面を参照して説明する。以下に挙げる有機肥料の製造方法は本発明の実施形態の一例に過ぎず、本発明の技術的範囲はこれに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The methods for producing organic fertilizers listed below are merely examples of embodiments of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

本実施形態の方法では、有機廃棄物を発酵して有機肥料を製造する。原料とする有機廃棄物としては、汚泥、生ゴミ、及び動物又は人間の***物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の有機物を使用することが好ましい。 In the method of this embodiment, organic waste is fermented to produce organic fertilizer. As the organic waste as a raw material, it is preferable to use at least one organic substance selected from the group consisting of sludge, kitchen waste, and animal or human excrement.

汚泥としては、下水の処理施設から排出される汚泥が挙げられる。生ゴミとしては、スーパーマーケットなどの食料品の小売店や家庭から排出される野菜くずや魚のアラなどが挙げられる。動物又は人間の排出物としては、それらの屎尿が挙げられる。 Examples of sludge include sludge discharged from sewage treatment facilities. Examples of kitchen waste include vegetable waste and fish ara discharged from grocery retail stores such as supermarkets and households. Animal or human excreta include their human waste.

本実施形態の方法では、高温かつ高圧下で有機廃棄物を処理して含水率を低下させることができるため、含水率の高い有機廃棄物であっても、問題なく処理して有機肥料とすることが可能である。有機廃棄物の含水率は、例えば、40〜90質量%であってもよく、40〜60質量%であってもよい。 In the method of the present embodiment, the organic waste can be treated under high temperature and high pressure to reduce the water content. Therefore, even the organic waste having a high water content can be treated without any problem to obtain an organic fertilizer. It is possible. The water content of the organic waste may be, for example, 40 to 90% by mass or 40 to 60% by mass.

本実施形態の方法では、有機廃棄物を発酵する工程を行う前に前処理工程を行う。前処理工程では、有機廃棄物を15〜40気圧かつ200〜250℃の高温高圧下で加熱しながら撹拌し、その後急激に減圧する。高圧下で加熱状態にある有機廃棄物を急激に減圧することで、有機廃棄物の体積を急激に膨化させて砕くことができる。詳細な機構は不明であるが、有機廃棄物の体積が適度に小さくなり、有機廃棄物の粒子に亀裂が入って、微生物の繁殖が繁殖しやすくなると考えられる。このようにして処理した有機廃棄物を発酵させると、発酵期間を従来よりも短縮することが可能になる。 In the method of the present embodiment, the pretreatment step is performed before the step of fermenting the organic waste. In the pretreatment step, the organic waste is stirred while heating under a high temperature and high pressure of 15 to 40 atm and 200 to 250 ° C., and then rapidly depressurized. By rapidly depressurizing the organic waste that is heated under high pressure, the volume of the organic waste can be rapidly expanded and crushed. Although the detailed mechanism is unknown, it is considered that the volume of organic waste becomes moderately small, the particles of organic waste are cracked, and the growth of microorganisms becomes easy. Fermenting the organic waste treated in this way makes it possible to shorten the fermentation period as compared with the conventional case.

前処理工程において、有機廃棄物を高温かつ高圧下で処理するには、例えば、図1に示した加熱装置1を使用すればよい。この加熱装置1は、スクリュー12を駆動する駆動源11と、回転可能に支持されたスクリュー12と、スクリュー12を内蔵し、耐圧容器として設計された耐圧シリンダー13と、熱媒体の供給源14と、複数の圧力解放弁15と、耐圧シリンダー13の外周に配置される加熱ジャケット16と、熱媒体の排出口17とを有する。耐圧シリンダー13には有機廃棄物の投入口131と、処理後の有機廃棄物の排出口132が設けられている。 In the pretreatment step, in order to treat the organic waste under high temperature and high pressure, for example, the heating device 1 shown in FIG. 1 may be used. The heating device 1 includes a drive source 11 that drives the screw 12, a screw 12 that is rotatably supported, a pressure-resistant cylinder 13 that incorporates the screw 12 and is designed as a pressure-resistant container, and a heat medium supply source 14. It has a plurality of pressure release valves 15, a heating jacket 16 arranged on the outer periphery of the pressure resistant cylinder 13, and a heat medium discharge port 17. The pressure-resistant cylinder 13 is provided with an input port 131 for organic waste and a discharge port 132 for treated organic waste.

加熱装置1で有機廃棄物を処理するには、投入口131から有機廃棄物を耐圧シリンダー13内に投入した後、投入口131と排出口132とを閉じて耐圧シリンダー13内を気密にする。そして、熱媒体の供給源14から飽和水蒸気や過熱水蒸気等の蒸気を熱媒体としてシリンダー13内に供給しつつ、駆動源11によってスクリューを回転させて、有機廃棄物を撹拌しながら加圧及び加熱する。加熱ジャケット16の内部に、熱媒体を供給し熱交換を行うことによって、耐圧シリンダー13やその中に供給された有機廃棄物を間接的に加熱したり乾燥したりすることも可能である。発熱コイルやバーナーにより間接的に加熱してもよい。加圧と加熱が終了すると熱媒体の供給を止めて、複数の圧力解放弁15を開けて急激に減圧する。加熱装置1では、複数の圧力解放弁15を同時に開けることで急激に減圧をすることが可能である。図1の装置では、圧力解法弁の数は2つであるが、例えば、2〜10個とすることが好ましい。 In order to treat the organic waste by the heating device 1, after the organic waste is charged into the pressure-resistant cylinder 13 from the charging port 131, the charging port 131 and the discharging port 132 are closed to make the inside of the pressure-resistant cylinder 13 airtight. Then, while supplying steam such as saturated steam or superheated steam from the heat medium supply source 14 into the cylinder 13 as a heat medium, the screw is rotated by the drive source 11 to pressurize and heat the organic waste while stirring. To do. By supplying a heat medium to the inside of the heating jacket 16 and performing heat exchange, it is possible to indirectly heat or dry the pressure resistant cylinder 13 and the organic waste supplied therein. It may be heated indirectly by a heating coil or a burner. When the pressurization and heating are completed, the supply of the heat medium is stopped, and the plurality of pressure release valves 15 are opened to rapidly reduce the pressure. In the heating device 1, it is possible to rapidly reduce the pressure by opening a plurality of pressure release valves 15 at the same time. In the apparatus of FIG. 1, the number of pressure solution valves is two, but it is preferably 2 to 10 for example.

圧力解放弁15を複数設けることによって、例えば、圧力解放弁15の内の一つが故障等によって動作しなかった場合でも、圧力を耐圧シリンダー13の外に逃がすことが可能になるので安全性が向上する。また、圧力解放弁15を複数設けることによって、迅速に圧力を開放することが可能になり、一つ当たりの圧力解放弁15から排出される熱媒体の量を小さくして安全性を高めることが可能になる。 By providing a plurality of pressure release valves 15, for example, even if one of the pressure release valves 15 does not operate due to a failure or the like, the pressure can be released to the outside of the pressure resistant cylinder 13 to improve safety. To do. Further, by providing a plurality of pressure release valves 15, the pressure can be released quickly, and the amount of heat medium discharged from each pressure release valve 15 can be reduced to improve safety. It will be possible.

耐圧シリンダー13内の圧力は、絶対圧で、15〜40気圧に設定することが好ましく、25〜35気圧に設定することがより好ましい。耐圧シリンダー13内の温度は、200〜250℃に設定することが好ましく、225〜245℃に設定することがより好ましい。これによって、短時間で有機廃棄物の含水率を低下させることができる。また、有機廃棄物に含まれる高分子を加水分解させて低分子化したり、α化したりすることで、微生物によって資化されやすい状態とすることができると推測される。減圧の程度は、減圧前と減圧後の圧力差が14〜39気圧であることが好ましく、24〜34気圧であることがより好ましい。解放後の絶対圧は約1気圧とすることが簡易であり、好ましい。 The pressure in the pressure-resistant cylinder 13 is preferably set to 15 to 40 atm, more preferably 25 to 35 atm, in absolute pressure. The temperature inside the pressure-resistant cylinder 13 is preferably set to 200 to 250 ° C, more preferably 225 to 245 ° C. As a result, the water content of the organic waste can be reduced in a short time. Further, it is presumed that the polymer contained in the organic waste can be hydrolyzed to reduce the molecular weight or gelatinize to make it easily assimilated by microorganisms. Regarding the degree of depressurization, the pressure difference between before and after depressurization is preferably 14 to 39 atm, and more preferably 24 to 34 atm. It is easy and preferable that the absolute pressure after release is about 1 atm.

加熱処理と加圧処理とを行う時間は、有機廃棄物の含水率によって決定すればよく、例えば、処理後の有機廃棄物の外観が褐色になる程度まで処理すればよい。さらに例を挙げると、例えば、加熱処理と加圧処理を20〜180分間を行うことが好ましく、20〜60分間行うことがより好ましい。加熱処理と加圧処理を短めにすることで有機廃棄物の含水率を高めにすることができる。有機廃棄物の含水率が高い場合は、加熱処理と加圧処理とを行った後に、含水率の低い熱風を当てたり加熱ジャケット16で加熱することで乾燥処理を行ってもよい。また、有機廃棄物の含水率が高い場合は、加熱水蒸気を熱媒体として使用してもよい。 The time for performing the heat treatment and the pressure treatment may be determined by the water content of the organic waste. For example, the treatment may be performed until the appearance of the treated organic waste becomes brown. Further, for example, the heat treatment and the pressure treatment are preferably carried out for 20 to 180 minutes, and more preferably 20 to 60 minutes. By shortening the heat treatment and the pressure treatment, the water content of the organic waste can be increased. When the water content of the organic waste is high, the drying treatment may be performed by applying hot air having a low water content or heating with a heating jacket 16 after performing the heat treatment and the pressure treatment. Further, when the water content of the organic waste is high, heated steam may be used as a heat medium.

有機廃棄物を発酵する際には、微生物によって発酵する。本実施形態の方法では、有機廃棄物に含まれる高分子の有機物を低分子に分解することができる微生物を使用している。そのような微生物としては好気条件で繁殖する微生物が挙げられる。好気条件で繁殖する微生物としては、Bacillus subtilis、Bacillus stearothermophilus、Bacillus coagulans、Clostridium thermocellum、Aspergillus oryzae、Aspergillus niger、Aspergillus fumigatus、Lactobacillus sp.1、Lactobacillus sp.2、Lactobacillus sp.3、Pediococcus sp.、Pseudomonas sp、Chaetomium thermophile、Humicola lanuginosa、Rhizopus javanicus、Candida glabrata、Debaryomyces hansenii、Hansenula anomala、Pichia membranaefaciens、Rhodotorula glutinis、Saccharomyces cerevisiae、Actinobifida dichotom、Streptomyces griseus、Streptomyces thermophilus、Thermoactinomyces vulgaris、Thermomonospora glaucus及びMonascus sp.からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の微生物が挙げられる。 When fermenting organic waste, it is fermented by microorganisms. In the method of this embodiment, a microorganism capable of decomposing high molecular weight organic matter contained in organic waste into low molecular weight is used. Examples of such microorganisms include microorganisms that propagate under aerobic conditions. Microorganisms that propagate under aerobic conditions include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus coagulans, Clostridium thermocellum, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Lactobacillus sp.1, Lactobacillus sp.1, Lactobacillus sp.2, Lactobacillus sp. Pseudomonas sp, Chaetomium thermophile, Humicola lanuginosa, Rhizopus javanicus, Candida glabrata, Debaryomyces hansenii, Hansenula anomala, Pichia membranaefaciens, Rhodotorula glutinis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Actinobifida di Included are at least one or more microorganisms selected from the group.

有機廃棄物を発酵する際には、加熱処理と加圧処理を行った有機廃棄物を堆積して温度と含水率とを管理しながら好気条件下で固体培養することが好ましい。本実施形態の方法では、水分率が40〜75質量%となり、有機廃棄物内部の温度が55〜85℃となるように管理を行った。温度の管理は、例えば、有機廃棄物を堆積する高さや幅によって発酵熱を調節したり、切り返しを行う頻度によって調節することができる。発酵は、例えば、発酵槽の中に有機廃棄物と微生物とを混合したものを投入し、手入機を使用して切り返しを行うことで発行に要する労力を減らすことができる。 When fermenting organic waste, it is preferable to deposit the heat-treated and pressure-treated organic waste and perform solid culture under aerobic conditions while controlling the temperature and water content. In the method of this embodiment, the water content was controlled to be 40 to 75% by mass, and the temperature inside the organic waste was controlled to be 55 to 85 ° C. The temperature control can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the heat of fermentation according to the height and width of depositing organic waste, or by adjusting the frequency of cutting back. Fermentation can reduce the labor required for issuance by, for example, putting a mixture of organic waste and microorganisms into a fermenter and cutting back using a care machine.

有機廃棄物を発酵する際には、おが屑、木の削りかす、藁、枝、樹皮、木チップなどの木質廃材を前処理した有機廃棄物に混合することが好ましい。有機廃棄物は発酵が進むと体積が小さくなり、有機肥料として扱いにくくなることがある。木質廃材を前処理した有機廃棄物に混合することで、木質廃材の表面に有機廃棄物を付着させて、扱いやすい粉末状の有機肥料とすることができる。 When fermenting organic waste, it is preferable to mix wood waste such as sawdust, wood shavings, straw, branches, bark and wood chips with the pretreated organic waste. As fermentation progresses, organic waste becomes smaller in volume and may become difficult to handle as organic fertilizer. By mixing the wood waste material with the pretreated organic waste, the organic waste can be adhered to the surface of the wood waste material to obtain a powdery organic fertilizer that is easy to handle.

加熱処理を行った後の有機廃棄物の含水率が低い場合は、処理前の有機廃棄物を配合した後に、好気条件下で固体培養することが好ましい。処理前の有機廃棄物は、含水率が比較的に高いので、これを配合することによって有機廃棄物の含水率を微生物が繁殖するのに適した状態に調節することができる。処理前の有機廃棄物を配合すれば、工水などを使用する必要がなくなるので好ましい。また、余剰の有機廃棄物を減らすことができるので好ましい。 When the water content of the organic waste after the heat treatment is low, it is preferable to mix the organic waste before the treatment and then perform solid culture under aerobic conditions. Since the organic waste before treatment has a relatively high water content, the water content of the organic waste can be adjusted to a state suitable for the growth of microorganisms by blending the organic waste. It is preferable to mix organic waste before treatment because it is not necessary to use industrial water or the like. It is also preferable because it can reduce excess organic waste.

以下、本発明の有機肥料の製造方法の実施例を挙げてさらに具体的に説明する。以下に挙げる有機肥料の製造方法は本発明の一例に過ぎず、本発明の技術的範囲はこれに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, examples of the method for producing an organic fertilizer of the present invention will be given and more specifically described. The methods for producing organic fertilizers listed below are merely examples of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

スーパーマーケットから排出されたキャベツの外葉などの産業廃棄物を引き取り、これを有機廃棄物として使用した。この有機廃棄物を、図1に示した加熱装置で加熱と加圧とを行いながらスクリューで撹拌した。加圧処理と加熱処理の時間は40分とし、熱媒体として飽和水蒸気を使用した。温度と圧力は表1に示した実施例1ないし3及び比較例1及び2のようにした。加熱処理と加圧処理を終えた後、2つの圧力解放弁を同時に開けて急激に大気圧下まで減圧した。 We collected industrial waste such as the outer leaves of cabbage discharged from the supermarket and used it as organic waste. This organic waste was stirred with a screw while heating and pressurizing with the heating device shown in FIG. The time of the pressure treatment and the heat treatment was 40 minutes, and saturated steam was used as the heat medium. The temperature and pressure were set as in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shown in Table 1. After the heat treatment and the pressure treatment were completed, the two pressure release valves were opened at the same time to rapidly reduce the pressure to the atmospheric pressure.

前処理を終えた有機廃棄物に対して下水処理施設から排出された汚泥と木質廃材としておが屑を加えて、有機廃棄物の含水率が60質量%となるように調節した。これに微生物を加えたのち発酵槽に投入して、固体培養を行った。微生物は、Bacillus subtilisとLactobacillus sp.1とAspergillus oryzaeとを使用した。 Sludge discharged from the sewage treatment facility and sawdust as wood waste were added to the pretreated organic waste to adjust the water content of the organic waste to 60% by mass. After adding microorganisms to this, it was put into a fermenter for solid culture. As the microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus sp.1 and Aspergillus oryzae were used.

培養槽内に堆積した有機廃棄物の水分率が40〜75質量%となり、有機廃棄物内部の温度が55〜85℃となるように管理を行いつつ1カ月にわたって固体培養を行った。含水率の調節は、含水率の高い汚泥を追加することにより行った。温度の調節は、切り返しの頻度によって調節した。表1に微生物の繁殖状態と、得られた有機肥料の肥効とを示す。肥効の確認は、各実施例及び各比較例の方法で得られた有機肥料を圃場に散布して、小松菜の生育の程度を比較することにより行った。結果を表1に示す。 Solid culture was carried out for one month while controlling so that the water content of the organic waste deposited in the culture tank was 40 to 75% by mass and the temperature inside the organic waste was 55 to 85 ° C. The water content was adjusted by adding sludge with a high water content. The temperature was adjusted according to the frequency of turning back. Table 1 shows the breeding state of microorganisms and the fertilizing effect of the obtained organic fertilizer. The fertilizer effect was confirmed by spraying the organic fertilizers obtained by the methods of each Example and each Comparative Example on the field and comparing the degree of growth of Japanese mustard spinach. The results are shown in Table 1.

表1における生物の繁殖の欄において〇を付したものは、視覚、嗅覚、触覚による官能試験によって、微生物の繁殖が認められたものであり、◎を付したものは同様の官能試験において、微生物の繁殖が旺盛であったものであり、×を付したものは、同様の官能試験において微生物の繁殖がほとんど確認できなかったものである。表1における肥効の欄において〇を付したものは、小松菜の生重量の増加が認められたものであり、◎を付したものは、小松菜の生重量がとくに大きく増加したものであり、×を付したものは、小松菜の製重量の増加がほとんど見られなかったものである。 In the column of biological reproduction in Table 1, those marked with ◯ indicate the reproduction of microorganisms by visual, olfactory, and tactile sensory tests, and those marked with ◎ indicate microorganisms in the same sensory test. The breeding of microorganisms was vigorous, and the ones marked with x indicate that the breeding of microorganisms could hardly be confirmed in the same sensory test. In the column of fertilizer effect in Table 1, those marked with ◯ indicate an increase in the raw weight of Japanese mustard spinach, and those marked with ◎ indicate a particularly large increase in the raw weight of Japanese mustard spinach. Those marked with are those in which there was almost no increase in the weight of Japanese mustard spinach.

Figure 0006885703
Figure 0006885703

表1に示したように、実施例1ないし実施例3の方法では、前処理後の有機廃棄物は褐色に変化しており、粒状であった。これを原料として発酵した有機肥料は、従来よりも短い期間であるわずか1カ月の発酵期間にもかかわらず、微生物が十分に繁殖しており、優れた肥効を発揮した。 As shown in Table 1, in the methods of Examples 1 to 3, the organic waste after the pretreatment turned brown and was granular. The organic fertilizer fermented using this as a raw material exhibited excellent fertilizing effect because the microorganisms were sufficiently propagated in spite of the fermentation period of only one month, which was shorter than the conventional period.

一方、比較例1では高圧のためか、前処理後の有機廃棄物は粉砕されて粉状になっていた。そして、粉状の物質が高温で加熱されたためか、前処理後の有機廃棄物の表面は黒く焦げた状態となっていた。有機物が炭化したことによる影響のためか、ほとんど微生物も繁殖せず、ほとんど肥効も発揮されなかった。比較例2では、前処理が不十分なためか、前処理後の有機廃棄物の外観は薄い褐色の粒状であった。粒の大きさは各実施例のものと比較して大きいものであった。比較例1の方法で準備した有機廃棄物を原料とした場合、1カ月の発酵期間では不十分であり、微生物が十分に繁殖せず、十分な肥効も得られなかった。

On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, probably because of the high pressure, the organic waste after the pretreatment was crushed into powder. The surface of the organic waste after the pretreatment was burnt black, probably because the powdery substance was heated at a high temperature. Probably due to the effect of carbonization of organic matter, almost no microorganisms propagated and almost no fertilizing effect was exhibited. In Comparative Example 2, the appearance of the organic waste after the pretreatment was light brown particles, probably because the pretreatment was insufficient. The grain size was larger than that of each example. When the organic waste prepared by the method of Comparative Example 1 was used as a raw material, the fermentation period of one month was insufficient, the microorganisms did not propagate sufficiently, and a sufficient fertilizing effect could not be obtained.

Claims (2)

有機廃棄物を発酵して有機肥料を製造する方法であって、
当該方法は、含水率が40〜90質量%の有機廃棄物を前処理する工程と、前処理された有機廃棄物を発酵する工程とを含み、
前処理前の有機廃棄物は、汚泥、生ゴミ、及び、動物又は人間の***物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の有機物であり、
前処理工程は、20〜180分間にわたって、含水率が40〜90質量%の有機廃棄物を15〜40気圧かつ200〜250℃の高温高圧下で撹拌して、その後急激に減圧する工程であり、前処理工程は耐圧容器の中で行われるものであって、減圧する際には、耐圧容器に設けられた複数の圧力解放弁を同時に開放することによって、急激に減圧するものであり、
有機廃棄物を発酵する工程は、前処理した有機廃棄物に対して、前処理を経ない含水率が40〜90質量%の有機廃棄物を配合して有機廃棄物の含水率を調節した後、前処理した有機廃棄物と前処理を経ない含水率が40〜90質量%の有機廃物との混合物を堆積して、有機廃棄物内部の温度が55〜85℃となり、水分率が40〜75質量%となるように、温度と含水率とを管理しながら好気条件下で固体培養する工程である有機肥料の製造方法。
A method of fermenting organic waste to produce organic fertilizer.
The method includes a step of pretreating organic waste having a water content of 40 to 90% by mass and a step of fermenting the pretreated organic waste.
The organic waste before pretreatment is at least one organic matter selected from the group consisting of sludge, kitchen waste, and animal or human excrement.
The pretreatment step is a step of stirring organic waste having a water content of 40 to 90% by mass under high temperature and high pressure of 15 to 40 atm and 200 to 250 ° C. for 20 to 180 minutes, and then rapidly reducing the pressure. The pretreatment step is performed in a pressure-resistant container, and when the pressure is reduced, the pressure is rapidly reduced by opening a plurality of pressure release valves provided in the pressure-resistant container at the same time.
In the step of fertilizing organic waste, the water content of the organic waste is adjusted by blending the pretreated organic waste with the organic waste having a water content of 40 to 90% by mass without pretreatment. , pretreated organic waste before processing through no water content by depositing a mixture of an organic disposal of 40 to 90 wt%, the temperature inside the organic waste becomes 55 to 85 ° C., the water content A method for producing an organic fertilizer, which is a step of solid-culturing under aerobic conditions while controlling the temperature and water content so as to be 40 to 75% by mass.
有機廃棄物を発酵する工程は、前処理した有機廃棄物と前処理を経ない含水率40〜90質量%の有機廃棄物とに対して、さらに木質廃材を配合して、有機廃棄物の含水率を調節する工程である請求項1に記載の有機肥料の製造方法。
In the process of fertilizing organic waste, pretreated organic waste and organic waste with a moisture content of 40 to 90% by mass that has not undergone pretreatment are further mixed with wood waste to contain water in the organic waste. The method for producing an organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is a step of adjusting the rate.
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