JP6813143B1 - 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6813143B1 JP6813143B1 JP2020554555A JP2020554555A JP6813143B1 JP 6813143 B1 JP6813143 B1 JP 6813143B1 JP 2020554555 A JP2020554555 A JP 2020554555A JP 2020554555 A JP2020554555 A JP 2020554555A JP 6813143 B1 JP6813143 B1 JP 6813143B1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 229910001224 Grain-oriented electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C21D8/1238—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
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Abstract
Description
<実験1>
C:0.045mass%、Si:3.0mass%、Mn:0.05mass%、Al:0.0050mass%、N:0.0030mass%およびS:0.0020mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼を真空溶解炉で溶製し、鋳造して鋼塊とした後、該鋼塊を1250℃の温度に加熱し、熱間圧延して板厚2.0mmの熱延板とした。次いで、上記熱延板に、最高到達温度を1000℃とする熱延板焼鈍を施した。その際、熱延板焼鈍の1000℃から室温までの冷却過程を、表1に示したように、1000〜800℃間、800〜300℃間および300〜100℃間の3区間に分け、それぞれの区間の平均冷却速度を変化させて冷却した。その後、冷間圧延して板厚0.23mmの冷延板に仕上げた後、50vol%H2−50vol%N2、露点50℃の湿潤雰囲気下で、均熱温度850℃×均熱時間100sの脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。次いで、MgOを主体とする焼鈍分離剤を鋼板表面に塗布した後、800℃〜950℃間を30℃/hrの昇温速度で加熱(保定なし)して二次再結晶を発現させ、引き続き、950〜1050℃間を20℃/hrの昇温速度で1200℃まで加熱して二次再結晶を完了させた後、水素雰囲気下で該温度に5hr保持する純化処理する仕上焼鈍を施した。
熱延板焼鈍を施した鋼板は、脱炭焼鈍(一次再結晶焼鈍)工程前であり、C含有量が高いため、焼鈍での加熱によって一部が逆変態を起こし、α相からγ相へと変化する。変態したγ相と周囲のα相は結晶構造が異なり(γ相がFCC、α相がBCC)、熱膨張率も異なる。このような状態から、200℃/s以上で急速冷却を行うと、過冷却によってγ相はα相に変態せず、そのまま収縮して残留する。そのため、熱膨張係数の違いにより、γ相とα相の相界面は、通常とは異なる歪が生じる。その結果、次工程の冷間圧延における転位のすべり系が変化し、一次再結晶焼鈍(脱炭焼鈍)後の鋼板の{411}方位粒が増加し、集合組織が改善されることで、磁気特性が向上したものと考えている。なお、100℃/s以下の冷却速度でも相界面に歪は生じると考えられるが、冷却速度が遅い分、歪が解消し易く、上記効果が十分に得られなかったと考えられる。
C:0.060mass%、Si:3.2mass%、Mn:0.1mass%、Al:0.080mass%、N:0.0045mass%、S:0.0010mass%およびSe:0.0030mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼を真空溶解炉で溶製し、鋳造して鋼塊とした後、該鋼塊を1200℃の温度に加熱し、熱間圧延して板厚2.5mmの熱延板とした。次いで、上記熱延板に、最高到達温度を1050℃とする熱延板焼鈍を施し、1回目の冷間圧延して中間板厚1.5mmとし、最高到達温度を1050℃とする中間焼鈍を施した。この際、上記中間焼鈍の1050℃から室温までの冷却過程における1050〜800℃間の平均冷却速度を10℃/s、300〜100℃の平均冷却速度を30℃/sとし、上記温度域間の800〜300℃間の平均冷却速度を表2のように種々に変化させて冷却した。その後、2回目の冷間圧延(最終冷間圧延)して最終板厚0.20mmの冷延板に仕上げた後、50vol%H2−50vol%N2、露点60℃の湿潤雰囲気下で、均熱温度860℃×均熱時間120sの脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。この際、一次再結晶焼鈍の加熱過程における500〜700℃間の平均昇温速度を300℃/s、500℃/sおよび1000℃/sの3水準に変化させた。次いで、上記一次再結晶焼鈍後の鋼板表面に、MgOを主体とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、800〜950℃間を30℃/hrの昇温速度で加熱(保定なし)して二次再結晶を発現させ、引き続き、950〜1050℃間を20℃/hrの昇温速度で1200℃まで加熱して二次再結晶を完了させた後、水素雰囲気下で該温度に5hr保持して純化処理する仕上焼鈍を施した。
本発明は、上記の新規な知見に基づき開発したものである。
C:0.020〜0.10mass%
Cは、0.020mass%に満たないと、鋳造時や熱延時に組織がα単相となるため、鋼が脆化して、スラブに割れが生じたり、熱延後の鋼板エッジに耳割れが生じたりして、製造に支障を来たすようになる。一方、0.10mass%を超えると、脱炭焼鈍において、磁気時効が起こらない0.005mass%以下に低減することが困難になる。よって、Cは0.020〜0.10mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.025〜0.050mass%の範囲である。
Siは、鋼の比抵抗を高めて、鉄損を改善するために必要な元素であるが、2.0mass%未満では上記効果が十分ではなく、一方、4.0mass%を超えると、鋼の加工性が低下し、圧延して製造することが困難となる。よって、Siは2.0〜4.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは2.5〜3.8mass%の範囲である。
Mnは、鋼の熱間加工性を改善するために必要な元素であるが、0.005mass%未満では上記効果が十分ではなく、一方、0.50mass%を超えて添加すると、製品板の磁束密度が低下するようになる。よって、Mnは0.005〜0.50mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.03〜0.20mass%の範囲である。
本発明は、インヒビター形成成分を含有していない鋼素材を用いて方向性電磁鋼板を製造するため、インヒビター形成成分であるAl,N,SおよびSeの含有量は、極力低減する必要がある。そこで、本発明では、Al:0.010mass%未満、N,SおよびSeはそれぞれ0.0050mass%未満に制限する。好ましくは、Al:0.007mass%未満、N:0.0040mass%未満、SおよびSe:それぞれ0.0030mass%未満である。
本発明の方向性電磁鋼板は、上記に説明した成分組成を有する鋼素材(スラブ)を所定の温度に加熱した後、熱間圧延して熱延板とし、熱延板焼鈍を施した後、1回の冷間圧延または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延して最終板厚の冷延板とし、脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施し、鋼板表面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、二次再結晶させた後、純化処理する仕上焼鈍し、平坦化焼鈍する一連の工程からなる方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法で製造することができる。
Claims (5)
- C:0.020〜0.10mass%、Si:2.0〜4.0mass%、Mn:0.005〜0.50mass%を含有し、かつ、Al:0.010mass%未満、N,SおよびSeをそれぞれ0.0050mass%未満含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼スラブを1280℃以下の温度に加熱した後、熱間圧延して熱延板とし、熱延板焼鈍を施した後、1回の冷間圧延または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延して最終板厚の冷延板とし、脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍し、鋼板表面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、仕上焼鈍し、平坦化焼鈍する一連の工程からなる方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法において、
上記熱延板焼鈍および中間焼鈍のいずれか1以上の焼鈍において、最高到達温度からの冷却過程の800℃から300℃までを、平均冷却速度200℃/s以上で急速冷却することを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。 - 上記急速冷却に引き続き、300℃から100℃までを、平均冷却速度を5〜40℃/sの範囲で冷却することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 上記脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍の加熱過程における500〜700℃間の昇温速度を500℃/s以上とすることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 上記仕上焼鈍の加熱過程において、800〜950℃間の任意の温度で5〜200hr保持する保定処理した後、または、800〜950℃間を平均昇温速度5℃/hr以下で加熱して二次再結晶を発現させ、さらに、1100℃以上の温度まで加熱して二次再結晶を完了させた後、該温度に2hr以上保持して純化処理することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 上記鋼スラブは、上記成分組成に加えてさらに、
Cr:0.01〜0.50mass%、
Cu:0.01〜0.50mass%、
Ni:0.01〜0.50mass%、
Bi:0.005〜0.50mass%、
B:0.0002〜0.0025mass%、
Nb:0.0010〜0.0100mass%、
Sn:0.010〜0.400mass%、
Sb:0.010〜0.150mass%、
Mo:0.010〜0.200mass%、
P:0.010〜0.150mass%、
V:0.0005〜0.0100mass%および
Ti:0.0005〜0.0100mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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