JP6736162B2 - Graphite crucible, melting and holding furnace and casting apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Graphite crucible, melting and holding furnace and casting apparatus using the same Download PDF

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JP6736162B2
JP6736162B2 JP2016211281A JP2016211281A JP6736162B2 JP 6736162 B2 JP6736162 B2 JP 6736162B2 JP 2016211281 A JP2016211281 A JP 2016211281A JP 2016211281 A JP2016211281 A JP 2016211281A JP 6736162 B2 JP6736162 B2 JP 6736162B2
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JP2018069279A (en
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三浦 邦明
邦明 三浦
理 小瀧
理 小瀧
孝一 百目鬼
孝一 百目鬼
忍 岡田
忍 岡田
孝和 久保木
孝和 久保木
佐藤 一雄
佐藤  一雄
辰男 櫻井
辰男 櫻井
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Sukegawa Electric Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、鋳造において鋳物の原料を溶解するための黒鉛坩堝及びそれを用いた溶解保持炉に関する。 The present invention relates to a graphite crucible for melting a raw material of a casting in casting and a melting and holding furnace using the same.

鋳造においては、鋳物の原料であるアルミニウム等の金属を溶かした溶湯を、金型等の鋳型に流し込んで冷やすことにより、目的の形状に加工された鋳物が製造される。鋳造には、低圧鋳造やダイカスト鋳造などがある。低圧鋳造では、溶湯を低圧かつ低速で鋳型内に充填することにより成形される。また、ダイカスト鋳造では、溶湯を高圧かつ高速で射出し、鋳型内に充填された鋳物の原料を急速に凝固させることにより、高い寸法精度の形状を短時間で大量に加工することを可能にしている。 In casting, a molten metal obtained by melting a metal such as aluminum, which is a raw material for casting, is poured into a mold such as a mold and cooled to produce a cast product processed into a desired shape. Casting includes low pressure casting and die casting. In the low pressure casting, the molten metal is filled in the mold at a low pressure and at a low speed. In die casting, the molten metal is injected at high pressure and high speed to rapidly solidify the raw material of the casting filled in the mold, which makes it possible to process a large number of shapes with high dimensional accuracy in a short time. There is.

鋳型に供給される溶湯は、溶解炉に投入されたアルミニウム等のインゴットを加熱することにより生成され、保持炉に移されて所定の温度で加熱保持される。なお、加熱には、ガスバーナや電気ヒータ等が用いられる。特許文献1に記載されているように、被溶解材のオーバーチャージを防ぎ、排気ガスを有効に利用する坩堝式溶解保持炉の発明も公開されている。また、特許文献2に記載されているように、ヒータの消費電力の増加等を抑制し、効率よく短時間で原料を溶融する黒鉛坩堝の発明も公開されている。 The molten metal supplied to the mold is generated by heating an ingot of aluminum or the like placed in a melting furnace, transferred to a holding furnace and heated and held at a predetermined temperature. A gas burner, an electric heater, or the like is used for heating. As described in Patent Document 1, an invention of a crucible-type melting and holding furnace that prevents over-charging of a material to be melted and effectively uses exhaust gas has been disclosed. Further, as described in Patent Document 2, an invention of a graphite crucible that suppresses an increase in power consumption of a heater and the like and efficiently melts a raw material in a short time is also disclosed.

特許第4362712号公報Japanese Patent No. 4362712 特開2000−44381号公報JP 2000-44381 A

しかしながら、特許文献1に記載の発明は、坩堝炉の外側をバーナで加熱して鋳物の原料を溶解させるので、加熱する際に発生した燃焼排ガスを外部に排出する必要がある。また、特許文献2に記載の発明は、黒鉛坩堝の外側に配置したヒータで加熱するが、消費電力が大きくなるため、エネルギー効率が良いとは言えない。 However, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, the outside of the crucible furnace is heated by the burner to melt the raw material of the casting, so that it is necessary to discharge the combustion exhaust gas generated during heating to the outside. Further, in the invention described in Patent Document 2, heating is performed by a heater arranged outside the graphite crucible, but since the power consumption becomes large, it cannot be said that the energy efficiency is good.

そこで、本発明は、鋳造において鋳物の原料を効率良く溶解・保持することができる黒鉛坩堝及びそれを用いた溶解保持炉を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a graphite crucible capable of efficiently melting and holding a raw material for casting in casting, and a melting and holding furnace using the same.

上記の課題を解決するために、第1の発明である黒鉛坩堝は、鋳物の原料を周壁に囲まれた内部で溶解させ、当該鋳物の原料が溶解した溶湯を底孔から外部へ流出させる坩堝炉と、前記坩堝炉の周壁に複数配置される棒状ヒータと、を有し、前記坩堝炉は、周壁が前記棒状ヒータを挿通するための非貫通の縦穴が空けられるだけの厚みを持ち、前記棒状ヒータは、前記坩堝炉内の鋳物の原料を加熱すると共に前記坩堝炉外の溶湯を加熱する、ことを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, a graphite crucible according to a first aspect of the present invention is a crucible that melts a casting raw material inside a peripheral wall and causes a molten metal in which the casting raw material is melted to flow out from a bottom hole to the outside. A furnace and a plurality of rod-shaped heaters arranged on the peripheral wall of the crucible furnace are provided, and the crucible furnace has a thickness such that the peripheral wall has a non-penetrating vertical hole for inserting the rod-shaped heater, The rod-shaped heater heats the raw material of the casting in the crucible furnace and heats the molten metal outside the crucible furnace.

また、前記坩堝炉は、炭化ケイ素を含む黒鉛を成形したものであり、表面にセラミックスがコーティングされる、ことを特徴とする。 Further, the crucible furnace is formed by molding graphite containing silicon carbide, and the surface thereof is coated with ceramics.

第2の発明である溶解保持炉は、前記黒鉛坩堝が炉槽内に複数並置され、前記炉槽内の溶湯が、鋳型に注入されるまで保持するための湯槽に、堰板を介して送り出される、ことを特徴とする。 In a melting and holding furnace which is a second invention, a plurality of the graphite crucibles are juxtaposed in a furnace tank, and the molten metal in the furnace tank is sent out through a weir plate to a holding tank for holding the molten metal until it is poured into a mold. It is characterized by being

また、前記堰板は、前記炉槽内の溶湯の表面に生じた酸化物を堰き止めるためのV字溝が形成される、ことを特徴とする。 Further, the dam plate is characterized in that a V-shaped groove for damming an oxide generated on the surface of the molten metal in the furnace tank is formed.

また、前記炉槽は、前記堰板を介して送り出すために湯溜めに集められた溶湯からガス出しやフラックス処理をするための注入管を有する、ことを特徴とする。 Further, the furnace tank is characterized by having an injection pipe for discharging gas and performing flux processing from the molten metal collected in the molten metal pool for discharging through the dam plate.

また、前記堰板を通過した酸化物が前記湯槽に行かないように溶湯の表面を仕切ることで、当該酸化物を除去するための取出槽を有する、ことを特徴とする。 Further, it is characterized in that it has a take-out tank for removing the oxide by partitioning the surface of the molten metal so that the oxide passing through the barrier plate does not go to the bath.

第3の発明である鋳造装置は、前記溶解保持炉を備えた、ことを特徴とする。 A third aspect of the present invention is a casting apparatus including the melting and holding furnace.

本発明によれば、アルミニウム等の金属又は合金の鋳造において鋳物の原料を効率良く加熱・溶解・保持することができる。熱伝導性が良く熱輻射率の高い黒鉛を介して鋳物の原料が効率良く加熱される。黒鉛坩堝内で溶解した鋳物の原料は、溶湯として黒鉛坩堝外に流出し、黒鉛坩堝を浸漬させるので、溶湯も加熱保持することができる。溶湯は、溶解炉から保持炉に移動する過程で酸化物等が除去され、効率良く鋳型に注入される。 According to the present invention, a raw material of a casting can be efficiently heated, melted, and held in casting a metal such as aluminum or an alloy. The raw material of the casting is efficiently heated through the graphite having high thermal conductivity and high thermal emissivity. The raw material of the casting melted in the graphite crucible flows out of the graphite crucible as a molten metal, and the graphite crucible is dipped, so that the molten metal can be heated and held. Oxides and the like are removed from the molten metal in the process of moving from the melting furnace to the holding furnace, and the molten metal is efficiently injected into the mold.

本発明である鋳造装置の正面の一部断面図である。It is a partial cross-sectional view of the front of the casting apparatus of the present invention. 本発明である溶解保持炉の平面図である。It is a top view of the melting holding furnace which is the present invention. 本発明である溶解保持炉の正面の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the front of the melting-and-holding furnace which is this invention. 本発明である溶解保持炉の側面の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the side surface of the melting and holding furnace which is this invention. 本発明である溶解保持炉の一部の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of a part of the melting and holding furnace of the present invention. 本発明である溶解保持炉における酸化物の遮断について説明する図である。It is a figure explaining interruption|blocking of the oxide in the melting holding furnace which is this invention. 本発明である溶解保持炉における酸化物の除去について説明する図である。It is a figure explaining removal of the oxide in the melting holding furnace which is the present invention. 本発明である黒鉛坩堝の平面図である。It is a top view of the graphite crucible which is the present invention. 本発明である黒鉛坩堝の縦断面の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of a longitudinal section of a graphite crucible which is the present invention.

以下に、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、同一機能を有するものは同一符号を付け、その繰り返しの説明は省略する場合がある。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference numeral, and repeated description thereof may be omitted.

まず、本発明である黒鉛坩堝を用いた溶解保持炉を有する鋳造装置について説明する。図1は、鋳造装置を正面から見た図であるが、下部の溶解保持炉については、A−Aから見たものを図2に示し、図2に示すB−Bで切断した縦断面を図1に示す。本実施例に係る鋳造装置は、電磁ポンプを用いた電磁鋳造装置であるが、これに用いる溶解保持炉の応用先は、低圧鋳造でもダイカスト鋳造でも良い。 First, a casting apparatus having a melting and holding furnace using the graphite crucible of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a view of the casting apparatus as viewed from the front, but the lower melting and holding furnace is shown in FIG. 2 as viewed from AA, and a vertical cross section taken along line BB in FIG. 2 is shown. As shown in FIG. The casting apparatus according to the present embodiment is an electromagnetic casting apparatus using an electromagnetic pump, but the melting and holding furnace used for this may be applied to low pressure casting or die casting.

図1に示すように、鋳造装置100は、鋳物の原料である固体のアルミニウム等の金属又は合金を加熱して液体の溶湯800にし、それを鋳型110に注入して冷やし固めることにより、目的の形状に成形する装置である。鋳造装置100は、溶解保持炉200、保持用ヒータ130、電磁ポンプ120、及び鋳型110等を有する。 As shown in FIG. 1, the casting apparatus 100 heats a solid metal or alloy such as aluminum, which is a raw material for casting, into a liquid melt 800, and then pours it into a mold 110 to cool and solidify it. It is a device for forming into a shape. The casting apparatus 100 has a melting and holding furnace 200, a holding heater 130, an electromagnetic pump 120, a mold 110, and the like.

溶解保持炉200は、鋳物の原料を溶解するための溶解炉と、鋳型110に注入するまで貯留しておく保持炉を有し、溶解炉と保持炉が一体となっていても良い。例えば、図1においては、炉槽210を溶解炉とし、湯槽220を保持炉とする。溶解保持炉200は、黒鉛坩堝を備えた炉槽210において鋳物の原料を溶解させ、その溶湯800を湯槽220に送り、保持用ヒータ130で加熱保持しつつ、電磁ポンプ120で鋳型110に注入する。なお、炉槽210から湯槽220に送るまでの間も黒鉛坩堝の外表面により溶湯800が加熱保持される。 The melting and holding furnace 200 has a melting furnace for melting a raw material for casting and a holding furnace for storing the material until casting into the mold 110, and the melting furnace and the holding furnace may be integrated. For example, in FIG. 1, the furnace tank 210 is a melting furnace and the hot water tank 220 is a holding furnace. The melting and holding furnace 200 melts a raw material of a casting in a furnace tank 210 equipped with a graphite crucible, sends the molten metal 800 to a hot water tank 220, and heats and holds it by a holding heater 130 while pouring it into a mold 110 by an electromagnetic pump 120. .. The molten metal 800 is heated and held by the outer surface of the graphite crucible until it is sent from the furnace tank 210 to the molten metal tank 220.

次に、本発明である黒鉛坩堝を用いた溶解保持炉について説明する。図2は、溶解保持炉を上方から見た図であるが、図1に示すA−Aで切断した横断面を示す。図3は、図2の溶解保持炉を正面から見た図であるが、図2に示すC−Cで切断した縦断面を示す。図4は、溶解保持炉を左側面から見た図であるが、図2に示すD−Dで切断した縦断面を示す。図5は、溶解保持炉の一部、特に炉槽側を示す斜視図である。 Next, a melting and holding furnace using the graphite crucible of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is a view of the melting and holding furnace as viewed from above, but shows a cross section taken along the line AA shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a front view of the melting and holding furnace of FIG. 2, and shows a vertical cross section taken along line CC of FIG. FIG. 4 is a view of the melting and holding furnace as viewed from the left side, and shows a vertical cross section taken along line D-D shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a part of the melting and holding furnace, particularly the furnace tank side.

図2に示すように、溶解保持炉200は、炉槽210と湯槽220とが堰板500で仕切られる。炉槽210には、溶解炉300として複数の黒鉛坩堝300a、300b、300c、300d(黒鉛坩堝300a等)が設置される。例えば、奥側(図2では上側)に2つ並置し、手前側(図2では下側)に2つ並置すれば良い。なお、黒鉛坩堝は1つでも良いし、4つより多く設置しても良い。すなわち、炉槽210の大きさに合う黒鉛坩堝を用意しても良いし、一定の大きさの黒鉛坩堝を炉槽210の大きさに合わせて複数用意しても良い。 As shown in FIG. 2, in the melting and holding furnace 200, a furnace tank 210 and a hot water tank 220 are partitioned by a barrier plate 500. A plurality of graphite crucibles 300 a, 300 b, 300 c, 300 d (graphite crucible 300 a etc.) are installed in the furnace tank 210 as the melting furnace 300. For example, two may be juxtaposed on the back side (upper side in FIG. 2) and two may be juxtaposed on the front side (lower side in FIG. 2). The number of graphite crucibles may be one or more than four. That is, a graphite crucible suitable for the size of the furnace tank 210 may be prepared, or a plurality of graphite crucibles having a certain size may be prepared according to the size of the furnace tank 210.

黒鉛坩堝300a等には複数の棒状ヒータ350が差し込める複数の非貫通の縦穴340(図5及び図9参照)が開いており、図2に示すように複数の棒状ヒータ350が差し込まれる(図3及び図9参照)。棒状ヒータ350の本数及び黒鉛坩堝300a等の数は、溶解保持炉200に必要な熱容量で決定される。黒鉛坩堝300a等には、坩堝炉開口部310aが開いており、炉底の貫通する側が絞られた構造になっている。坩堝炉開口部310aの上からアルミニウム合金等の鋳物の原料が投入され、投入された鋳物の原料は坩堝炉開口部310aの炉底で絞られた部分に空けられた底孔320(図9参照)で一旦留まって、棒状ヒータ350の通電加熱により溶解される。 A plurality of vertical holes 340 (see FIGS. 5 and 9) in which a plurality of rod-shaped heaters 350 can be inserted are formed in the graphite crucible 300a and the like, and a plurality of rod-shaped heaters 350 are inserted as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 9). The number of rod-shaped heaters 350 and the number of graphite crucibles 300a and the like are determined by the heat capacity required for the melting and holding furnace 200. The graphite crucible 300a and the like have a crucible furnace opening 310a open, and the structure has a structure in which the side through which the furnace bottom penetrates is narrowed. A casting raw material such as an aluminum alloy is put into the crucible furnace opening 310a from above, and the cast casting raw material is a bottom hole 320 formed in a portion of the crucible furnace opening 310a narrowed by the furnace bottom (see FIG. 9). ), and is melted by electric heating of the rod-shaped heater 350.

黒鉛坩堝300a等からの溶湯800を炉槽210から湯槽220側に送るに際し、奥側の黒鉛坩堝300a、300bと、手前側の黒鉛坩堝300c、300dの間に溶湯800を集める湯溜め230を設ける。堰板500の前で一時的に溶湯800が溜まる場所が確保されれば良い。堰板500の中央部から炉槽210側に突出するように、湯溜め230の奥側に湯流制御板600を、手間側に湯流制御板610を立てる。なお、湯流制御板600、610に加えて、炉槽210の底に傾斜や段差を付けるなどして溶湯800の流れを湯溜め230に向けてガイドしても良い。 When the molten metal 800 from the graphite crucible 300a or the like is sent from the furnace bath 210 to the molten metal bath 220 side, a basin 230 for collecting the molten metal 800 is provided between the graphite crucibles 300a and 300b on the back side and the graphite crucibles 300c and 300d on the front side. .. It suffices to secure a place where the molten metal 800 temporarily accumulates in front of the barrier plate 500. The hot water flow control plate 600 and the hot water flow control plate 610 are set up on the back side of the hot water reservoir 230 and on the trouble side so as to project from the central portion of the barrier plate 500 to the furnace tank 210 side. In addition to the molten metal flow control plates 600 and 610, the flow of the molten metal 800 may be guided toward the molten metal reservoir 230 by providing an inclination or a step on the bottom of the furnace tank 210.

堰板500には、湯溜め230がある位置にV字溝510を形成し、湯溜め230に貯留された溶湯800がV字溝510から湯槽220側に流れ出るようにする。堰板500を超えた溶湯800は、湯面仕切板700によって仕切られた取出槽240に流れ込み、さらに湯面仕切板700の下側から先に流れて湯槽220に貯留される。湯面仕切板700は、溶湯800の表面に生じる酸化物820(図5、図6参照)を湯槽220側に流れ出ないようにするためのものである。 A V-shaped groove 510 is formed on the dam plate 500 at a position where the basin 230 is located so that the molten metal 800 stored in the basin 230 flows out from the V-shaped groove 510 toward the hot water tank 220. The molten metal 800 that has exceeded the barrier plate 500 flows into the take-out tank 240 partitioned by the molten metal surface partition plate 700, further flows from the lower side of the molten metal surface partition plate 700 first and is stored in the molten metal tank 220. The molten metal partition plate 700 prevents the oxide 820 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) generated on the surface of the molten metal 800 from flowing out to the molten metal bath 220 side.

図3に示すように、黒鉛坩堝300a等の底から流出した溶湯800は、炉槽210内に溜まる。溶湯800の量が増えれば、溶湯800は黒鉛坩堝300a等の周りに流れ込み、黒鉛坩堝300a等は溶湯800に浸漬された状態となる。さらに、溶湯800は、湯溜め230に向かって流れるようになる。湯溜め230に流れ込んだ溶湯800は、堰板500に堰き止められ、溶湯800がV字溝510の下の所定の高さまで溜まると、湯槽220に連設された取出槽240に流出する。湯槽220は奥(図3では右側)に向かって底が浅くなるように傾斜しており、溶湯800が溜まるに従って取出槽240から湯槽220の奥に流れ込む。 As shown in FIG. 3, the molten metal 800 flowing out from the bottom of the graphite crucible 300a or the like is stored in the furnace tank 210. As the amount of the molten metal 800 increases, the molten metal 800 flows around the graphite crucible 300a and the like, and the graphite crucible 300a and the like are immersed in the molten metal 800. Further, the molten metal 800 comes to flow toward the basin 230. The molten metal 800 that has flowed into the molten metal reservoir 230 is blocked by the barrier plate 500, and when the molten metal 800 has accumulated to a predetermined height below the V-shaped groove 510, it flows out to the take-out tank 240 that is connected to the molten metal tank 220. The bath 220 is inclined so that the bottom becomes shallower toward the back (right side in FIG. 3 ), and the molten metal 800 flows from the take-out bath 240 into the back of the bath 220 as the molten metal 800 accumulates.

図4に示すように、堰板500には、湯流制御板600と湯流制御板610の間となる位置に、上部から下に向かって途中から逆三角形状に狭くなるV字溝510が空けられる。V字溝510の尖った下端は、炉槽210の底よりも高い位置にあり、そこまでが溶湯800が溜まる湯溜め230となる。溶湯800の高さがV字溝510の下端まで達すると、溶湯800が湯槽220側へ流れ始まる。 As shown in FIG. 4, the dam plate 500 has a V-shaped groove 510 that narrows in an inverted triangular shape from the upper part to the lower part at a position between the melt flow control plate 600 and the melt flow control plate 610. Can be emptied. The pointed lower end of the V-shaped groove 510 is located at a position higher than the bottom of the furnace tank 210, and up to that point is a molten metal reservoir 230 in which the molten metal 800 is accumulated. When the height of the molten metal 800 reaches the lower end of the V-shaped groove 510, the molten metal 800 begins to flow toward the molten metal tank 220.

図5に示すように、黒鉛坩堝300a等が浸漬するくらいまで溶湯800が炉槽210内に溜まった状態において、溶湯800は、湯溜め230に集まって堰板500のV字溝510から取出槽240に流れ、湯面仕切板700の下を潜って湯槽220に送られる。このとき、溶湯800の表面にノロと呼ばれる酸化物820等が生じていた場合、酸化物820等は、湯面仕切板700によって湯槽220まで進むのを抑制されるので、取出槽240において除去されれば良い。 As shown in FIG. 5, in a state in which the molten metal 800 has accumulated in the furnace tank 210 until the graphite crucible 300a or the like is immersed, the molten metal 800 gathers in the molten metal reservoir 230 and is taken out from the V-shaped groove 510 of the dam plate 500. The water flows to 240, passes under the molten metal partition plate 700, and is sent to the hot water tank 220. At this time, when an oxide 820 or the like called “Noro” is formed on the surface of the molten metal 800, the oxide 820 or the like is prevented from advancing to the hot water tank 220 by the hot water partition plate 700, and thus is removed in the take-out tank 240. Just go.

次に、溶解保持炉における溶湯の処理について説明する。図6は、溶解保持炉における酸化物の遮断について説明する図である。図7は、溶解保持炉における酸化物の除去について説明する図である。溶湯800には、湯槽220に送られるまでの間に表面に酸化物820等が生じたりするので、浄化処理などを施しても良い。 Next, processing of molten metal in the melting and holding furnace will be described. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining oxide blocking in the melting and holding furnace. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining removal of oxides in the melting and holding furnace. Since oxide 820 or the like is generated on the surface of the molten metal 800 before being sent to the molten metal bath 220, purification treatment or the like may be performed.

図6に示すように、炉槽210内の溶湯800が堰板500のV字溝510の高さまで溜まってきた状況において、黒鉛坩堝300a等から湯溜め230に流れ込むまでに溶湯800の表面に生じた酸化物820は、V字溝510で湯槽220側に移動するのを抑制される。溶湯800を移動させるために空けた空隙を下端が狭くなったV字状にすることで酸化物820のみが堰き止められ、酸化物820の下側にある酸化していない溶湯800が、V字溝510から湯槽220側に滴り落ちる。 As shown in FIG. 6, when the molten metal 800 in the furnace tank 210 has accumulated up to the height of the V-shaped groove 510 of the dam plate 500, it is generated on the surface of the molten metal 800 before it flows from the graphite crucible 300a or the like into the molten metal reservoir 230. The oxide 820 is suppressed from moving toward the hot water tank 220 side in the V-shaped groove 510. Only the oxide 820 is blocked by making the void formed for moving the molten metal 800 into a V shape with the lower end narrowed, and the unoxidized molten metal 800 below the oxide 820 is V shaped. It drips from the groove 510 toward the hot water tank 220.

図7に示すように、湯溜め230に溜まった溶湯800が堰板500のV字溝510から流れ出すまでの間においては、湯溜め230に溶湯処理管400を設置して、溶湯800中の水素ガス出しや、フラックス処理を施しても良い。溶湯処理管400は、上端に注入口を有し、下端に噴出口を有する管体400a、400bを用いれば良い。なお、管体400a、400bの上部は垂立させ、下端は湾曲させることで、横向きに噴出するようにしても良い。 As shown in FIG. 7, while the molten metal 800 accumulated in the molten metal reservoir 230 flows out from the V-shaped groove 510 of the dam plate 500, the molten metal treatment pipe 400 is installed in the molten metal reservoir 230 to store hydrogen in the molten metal 800. Outgassing or flux treatment may be performed. As the molten metal treatment pipe 400, pipes 400a and 400b having an injection port at the upper end and an ejection port at the lower end may be used. The pipes 400a and 400b may be vertically erected at their upper portions and curved at their lower ends so as to eject sideways.

管体400a、400bの注入口から入れたガス等を、噴出口から溶湯800内に送り込む。例えば、管体400a、400bのいずれかのうち管体400aにおいて、水素ガス出し用のAr(アルゴン)泡を噴出させ、溶湯800中に溶解している水素をAr泡に取り込むことにより除去する溶湯処理管とする。また、管体400bにおいて、フラックス含有Arガスを噴出させ、溶湯800中の酸化物820等を除去する溶湯処理管とする。Ar等の不活性ガスをキャリアとして溶湯800内にフラックスを送り込み、化学反応等により溶湯800を清浄化する。 Gas or the like introduced through the inlets of the pipes 400a and 400b is fed into the molten metal 800 through the jet ports. For example, in the tubular body 400a of either the tubular body 400a or 400b, a molten metal is removed by ejecting Ar (argon) bubbles for discharging hydrogen gas and taking in hydrogen dissolved in the molten metal 800 into the Ar bubbles. Use as a processing tube. Further, in the pipe body 400b, a flux-containing Ar gas is ejected to form a molten metal treatment pipe for removing the oxide 820 and the like in the molten metal 800. A flux is sent into the molten metal 800 using an inert gas such as Ar as a carrier to clean the molten metal 800 by a chemical reaction or the like.

湯溜め230における溶湯800の量が、堰板500のV字溝510の下端520よりも上のV字溝510が狭まり始める高さ830にまで増えると、酸化物820等も湯槽220側に移動するようになる。湯面仕切板700の下端710を当該高さ830よりも下となる深さ840まで降ろしておくことにより、溶湯800の表面にある酸化物820等は湯面仕切板700によって移動が遮られる。酸化物820等の下側にある溶湯800だけが湯面仕切板700の下を潜って湯槽220に移動する。 When the amount of the molten metal 800 in the pool 230 increases to a height 830 above the lower end 520 of the V-shaped groove 510 of the dam plate 500 where the V-shaped groove 510 starts to narrow, the oxide 820 and the like also move to the side of the molten metal tank 220. Come to do. By lowering the lower end 710 of the molten metal partition plate 700 to a depth 840 that is lower than the height 830, movement of the oxide 820 and the like on the surface of the molten metal 800 is blocked by the molten metal partition plate 700. Only the molten metal 800 below the oxide 820 and the like moves under the molten metal partition plate 700 to the molten metal bath 220.

湯面仕切板700の下端710は、V字溝510が狭まり始める高さ830とV字溝510の流路が閉じる下端520までの間に位置する。一般的にはV字溝510の流路の高さ830の2分の1となる深さ840を目安にするが、V字溝510の最大流路幅が200mmより狭いときは、湯面仕切板700の下端710をV字溝510の高さ830の2分の1より上にしても良い。 The lower end 710 of the molten metal partition plate 700 is located between the height 830 where the V-shaped groove 510 starts to narrow and the lower end 520 where the flow path of the V-shaped groove 510 is closed. Generally, a depth 840, which is half the height 830 of the flow path of the V-shaped groove 510, is used as a guide, but when the maximum flow path width of the V-shaped groove 510 is narrower than 200 mm, the molten metal surface partition The lower end 710 of the plate 700 may be above half of the height 830 of the V-shaped groove 510.

溶湯800は、黒鉛坩堝300a等で加熱溶解した後も、炉槽210から湯槽220に移動するまで黒鉛坩堝300a等により加熱保持されているので、その過程で生じた酸化物820を除去しておくことにより、効率的に湯槽220から鋳型に溶湯800を注入することができる。 Since the molten metal 800 is heated and held by the graphite crucible 300a and the like until it is moved from the furnace bath 210 to the molten metal bath 220 even after being melted by heating in the graphite crucible 300a and the like, the oxide 820 generated in that process is removed. As a result, the molten metal 800 can be efficiently injected into the mold from the molten metal bath 220.

溶解炉において金属又は合金を加熱して溶解させるための黒鉛坩堝について説明する。図8は、黒鉛坩堝を上方から見た図であるが、図2に示す溶解炉の一部を拡大したものである。図9は、黒鉛坩堝の斜視図であるが、図8に示すE−Eで切断した縦断面を示す。 A graphite crucible for heating and melting a metal or alloy in a melting furnace will be described. FIG. 8 is a view of the graphite crucible seen from above, which is an enlarged view of a part of the melting furnace shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the graphite crucible, and shows a vertical cross section taken along line EE shown in FIG. 8.

図8に示すように、溶解炉300は、炉槽内に複数の黒鉛坩堝300a、300bを並置し、黒鉛坩堝300a、300b内でアルミニウム等の鋳物の原料の小塊810を溶解させ、炉槽内に溶湯800を溜める。黒鉛坩堝300a、300bは、黒鉛を横断面が矩形又は円形等の柱状体に成形し、内部に空間を設けて容器状の坩堝炉310とすれば良い。なお、炭化ケイ素を含む黒鉛を成形し、表面にセラミックスをコーティングしても良い。 As shown in FIG. 8, in the melting furnace 300, a plurality of graphite crucibles 300a and 300b are juxtaposed in a furnace vessel, and a small lump 810 of a raw material for casting such as aluminum is melted in the graphite crucibles 300a and 300b. The molten metal 800 is stored inside. The graphite crucibles 300a and 300b may be formed by forming graphite into a columnar body having a rectangular or circular cross section and providing a space inside to form a container-shaped crucible furnace 310. Note that graphite containing silicon carbide may be molded and the surface may be coated with ceramics.

坩堝炉310内に固体の鋳物の原料の小塊810を投入し、その周囲に配置した棒状ヒータ350で加熱して、鋳物の原料の小塊810が溶解した液体の溶湯800を坩堝炉開口部310a内に空けた底孔320から炉槽内へ送出する。棒状ヒータ350は、坩堝炉310の内周面と外周面の間となる周壁330に上端から下方に縦穴340を空けて、挿通させれば良い。なお、坩堝炉310の下側は溶湯800に浸漬されるため、縦穴340は下端まで貫通させない方が良い。 A small block 810 of a solid casting raw material is put into the crucible furnace 310 and heated by a rod-shaped heater 350 arranged around the solid casting raw material 810 to melt the liquid melt 800 in which the small casting lump 810 of the casting raw material is melted. It is delivered into the furnace tank from a bottom hole 320 formed in 310a. The rod-shaped heater 350 may be inserted through the peripheral wall 330 between the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the crucible furnace 310 by making a vertical hole 340 downward from the upper end. Since the lower side of the crucible furnace 310 is immersed in the molten metal 800, it is better not to penetrate the vertical hole 340 to the lower end.

縦穴340は、坩堝炉開口部310a内を囲むように周壁330に複数空けられ、それぞれに棒状ヒータ350を挿通させるが、角の位置など何れか一の縦穴340に制御用の熱電対360を挿通させても良い。なお、熱電対360は、坩堝炉開口部310a内の温度を測定し、棒状ヒータ350の出力を調整する。 A plurality of vertical holes 340 are formed in the peripheral wall 330 so as to surround the inside of the crucible furnace opening 310a, and the rod-shaped heater 350 is inserted into each of them, but the thermocouple 360 for control is inserted into any one vertical hole 340 such as a corner position. You may let me. The thermocouple 360 measures the temperature in the crucible furnace opening 310a and adjusts the output of the rod-shaped heater 350.

棒状ヒータ350は、ニクロム線等を使用した発熱体の周りをマグネシア粉末等で絶縁した上でオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼等のシースで覆った電気ヒータであり、そのうち、一方側にのみ端子を有するカートリッジヒータが着脱を容易にする上で好ましい。周壁330には、棒状ヒータ350又は熱電対360を挿通させる縦穴340を空けるのに必要な幅を持たせれば良く、それが坩堝炉310の厚みとなる。 The rod-shaped heater 350 is an electric heater in which a heating element made of nichrome wire or the like is insulated with magnesia powder or the like and covered with a sheath such as austenitic stainless steel, of which a cartridge heater having a terminal only on one side. Is preferred for easy attachment and detachment. The peripheral wall 330 may have a width necessary for forming a vertical hole 340 through which the rod-shaped heater 350 or the thermocouple 360 is inserted, which is the thickness of the crucible furnace 310.

図9に示すように、黒鉛坩堝300aの坩堝炉開口部310aは、上面が広く開口して鋳物の原料の小塊810を投入可能である。鋳物の原料としては、アルミニウムの脱酸塊など金属や合金の小塊を用いる。坩堝炉開口部310aの内底370は、テーパ状に先細って下端の底孔320に繋がる。底孔320は、坩堝炉開口部310aの内部から外部に貫通するが、固体の鋳物の原料の小塊810が通過しない程度の径で空けられる。溶解した鋳物の原料の小塊810が内底370に沿って滑落し、底孔320から溶湯800が流出する。 As shown in FIG. 9, the crucible furnace opening portion 310a of the graphite crucible 300a has a wide upper surface to allow a small block 810 of a raw material for casting to be charged. As a raw material for casting, a small lump of metal or alloy such as a deoxidized lump of aluminum is used. The inner bottom 370 of the crucible furnace opening 310a is tapered and connected to the bottom hole 320 at the lower end. The bottom hole 320 penetrates from the inside of the crucible furnace opening portion 310a to the outside, but has a diameter such that the small lump 810 of the solid casting raw material does not pass through. A small lump 810 of the melted casting material slides down along the inner bottom 370, and the molten metal 800 flows out from the bottom hole 320.

黒鉛は熱伝導性が良いので、棒状ヒータ350の熱が効率良く鋳物の原料に伝わる。また、黒鉛は熱輻射率が高いので、坩堝炉310に厚みがあっても熱が鋳物の原料に十分に伝わる。さらに、棒状ヒータ350の熱は、坩堝炉開口部310aの内部だけでなく外部にも伝わるので、坩堝炉310の外側で流出した溶湯800にも熱が伝わる。黒鉛坩堝300aは、棒状ヒータ350の熱を効率的に利用して、鋳物の原料の小塊810の溶解及び溶湯800の加熱保持をすることができる。黒鉛坩堝300a自身の熱伝導性が良いので坩堝炉310内外に熱が伝わり鋳物の原料の小塊810の溶解だけではなく、保持炉側の湯温保持にも役立つようになっている。 Since graphite has good thermal conductivity, the heat of the rod-shaped heater 350 is efficiently transferred to the raw material for casting. Further, since graphite has a high thermal emissivity, even if the crucible furnace 310 has a large thickness, heat can be sufficiently transmitted to the raw material of the casting. Further, since the heat of the rod-shaped heater 350 is transferred not only to the inside of the crucible furnace opening 310a but also to the outside, the heat is also transferred to the molten metal 800 flowing out of the crucible furnace 310. The graphite crucible 300a can efficiently utilize the heat of the rod-shaped heater 350 to melt the small lumps 810 of the raw material for casting and heat and hold the molten metal 800. Since the graphite crucible 300a itself has good thermal conductivity, heat is transferred to the inside and outside of the crucible furnace 310 so that not only the small lumps 810 of the raw material of the casting are melted, but also the temperature of the holding furnace is maintained.

このように、アルミニウム等の金属又は合金の鋳造において鋳物の原料を効率良く加熱・溶解・保持することができる。熱伝導性が良く熱輻射率の高い黒鉛を介して鋳物の原料が効率良く加熱される。黒鉛坩堝内で溶解した鋳物の原料は、溶湯として黒鉛坩堝外に流出し、黒鉛坩堝を浸漬させるので、溶湯も加熱保持することができる。溶湯は、溶解炉から保持炉に移動する過程で酸化物等が除去され、効率良く鋳型に注入される。 As described above, the raw material of the casting can be efficiently heated, melted, and held in the casting of metal such as aluminum or alloy. The raw material of the casting is efficiently heated through the graphite having high thermal conductivity and high thermal emissivity. The raw material of the casting melted in the graphite crucible flows out of the graphite crucible as a molten metal, and the graphite crucible is dipped, so that the molten metal can be heated and held. Oxides and the like are removed from the molten metal in the process of moving from the melting furnace to the holding furnace, and the molten metal is efficiently injected into the mold.

以上、本発明の実施例を述べたが、これらに限定されるものではない。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto.

100:鋳造装置
110:鋳型
120:電磁ポンプ
130:保持用ヒータ
200:溶解保持炉
210:炉槽
220:湯槽
230:湯溜め
240:取出槽
300:溶解炉
300a,300b,300c,300d:黒鉛坩堝
310:坩堝炉
310a:坩堝炉開口部
320:底孔
330:周壁
340:縦穴
350:棒状ヒータ
360:熱電対
370:内底
400:溶湯処理管
400a,400b:管体
500:堰板
510:V字溝
520:下端
600,610:湯流制御板
700:湯面仕切板
710:下端
800:溶湯
810:鋳物の原料の小塊
820:酸化物
830:高さ
840:深さ
100: Casting device 110: Mold 120: Electromagnetic pump 130: Holding heater 200: Melt-holding furnace 210: Furnace tank 220: Hot water tank 230: Hot water pool 240: Extraction tank 300: Melting furnace 300a, 300b, 300c, 300d: Graphite crucible 310: Crucible furnace 310a: Crucible furnace opening 320: Bottom hole 330: Peripheral wall 340: Vertical hole 350: Rod heater 360: Thermocouple 370: Inner bottom 400: Molten metal processing tube 400a, 400b: Tube body 500: Dam plate 510: V V-shaped groove 520: Lower end 600,610: Hot water flow control plate 700: Molten metal partition plate 710: Lower end 800: Molten metal 810: Small lump of raw material for casting 820: Oxide 830: Height 840: Depth

Claims (7)

溶解炉の炉槽内に複数が並置され、内部で鋳物の原料が溶解された溶湯を前記炉槽に送出するための黒鉛坩堝であって、
前記原料を内部に投入するために空けた開口部の内底を、前記溶湯を外部に送出するためにテーパ状に先細らせて底孔を貫通させた坩堝炉と、
前記坩堝炉の厚みを持たせた周壁に複数空けられた非貫通の縦穴にそれぞれ挿通させた棒状ヒータと、を有し、
前記棒状ヒータは、前記坩堝炉内の前記原料を加熱溶解すると共に、前記坩堝炉から送出されて前記炉槽内に溜められた前記溶湯を加熱する、
ことを特徴とする黒鉛坩堝。
A plurality of graphite crucibles for juxtaposed in a furnace tank of a melting furnace for delivering a molten metal in which a raw material for casting is melted to the furnace tank,
A crucible furnace in which the inner bottom of an opening opened for introducing the raw material into the inside is tapered to taper the molten metal to the outside and the bottom hole is penetrated ,
And a rod-shaped heater inserted into each of the non-penetrating vertical holes formed in the peripheral wall having a thickness of the crucible furnace,
The rod heaters, as well dissolved by heating the raw material of the crucible furnace, to heat the molten metal accumulated in the furnace tank is delivered from the crucible furnace,
A graphite crucible characterized by that.
前記坩堝炉は、炭化ケイ素を含む黒鉛を成形したものであり、表面にセラミックスがコーティングされる、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の黒鉛坩堝。
The crucible furnace is a molded graphite containing silicon carbide, the surface is coated with ceramics,
The graphite crucible according to claim 1, wherein
請求項1又は2に記載の黒鉛坩堝が炉槽内に複数並置され、
前記炉槽内の溶湯が、鋳型に注入されるまで保持するための湯槽に、堰板を介して送り出される、
ことを特徴とする溶解保持炉。
A plurality of graphite crucibles according to claim 1 or 2 are juxtaposed in a furnace tank,
The molten metal in the furnace tank is sent through a weir plate to a molten metal tank for holding until it is poured into a mold.
A melting and holding furnace characterized by the following.
前記堰板は、前記炉槽内の溶湯の表面に生じた酸化物を堰き止めるためのV字溝が形成される、
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の溶解保持炉。
The dam plate is provided with a V-shaped groove for damming oxides formed on the surface of the molten metal in the furnace tank.
The melting and holding furnace according to claim 3, wherein:
前記炉槽は、前記堰板を介して送り出すために湯溜めに集められた溶湯からガス出しやフラックス処理をするための溶湯処理管を有する、
ことを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の溶解保持炉。
The furnace tank has a molten metal treatment pipe for performing gas discharge and flux treatment from the molten metal collected in the molten metal pool for sending out through the dam plate,
The melting and holding furnace according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that.
前記堰板を通過した酸化物が前記湯槽に行かないように溶湯の表面を仕切ることで、当該酸化物を除去するための取出槽を有する、
ことを特徴とする請求項3乃至5の何れか一に記載の溶解保持炉。
By partitioning the surface of the molten metal so that the oxide that has passed through the barrier plate does not go to the bath, there is a take-out tank for removing the oxide.
The melting and holding furnace according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that:
請求項3乃至6の何れか一に記載の溶解保持炉を備えた、
ことを特徴とする鋳造装置。
A melting and holding furnace according to any one of claims 3 to 6,
A casting device characterized by the above.
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