JP6723292B2 - エンジン付きrepを用いるエネルギ貯蔵 - Google Patents
エンジン付きrepを用いるエネルギ貯蔵 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6723292B2 JP6723292B2 JP2018116336A JP2018116336A JP6723292B2 JP 6723292 B2 JP6723292 B2 JP 6723292B2 JP 2018116336 A JP2018116336 A JP 2018116336A JP 2018116336 A JP2018116336 A JP 2018116336A JP 6723292 B2 JP6723292 B2 JP 6723292B2
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 71
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 134
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 126
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 109
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 107
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002108 rapid electrokinetic patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
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- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- C25B5/00—Electrogenerative processes, i.e. processes for producing compounds in which electricity is generated simultaneously
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- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
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- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
- C01B2203/148—Details of the flowsheet involving a recycle stream to the feed of the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
- C01B2203/84—Energy production
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
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- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/407—Combination of fuel cells with mechanical energy generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
本出願は、参照によって開示全体が本明細書に組み込まれる、2015年11月16日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/255,868号の利益およびこれに対する優先権を主張するものである。
政府権利の陳述
本発明は、アメリカ合衆国エネルギー省によって認められた共同合意DE−EE0006669の下、政府支援でなされた。政府は発明に一定の権利を有する。
貯蔵される電力
水素生成−26kWh/kg
水素貯蔵−3kWh/kg
生成される電力
55%の効率における電力生成‐18.5kWh/kg
往復効率=18.5/(26+3)=64%(または高圧貯蔵がない場合71%)
4H2+CO2→CH4+2H2O (1)
また、ボトミングREPアセンブリが電力生成モードで運転する場合、電流密度は、REPアセンブリのセルにおいて生じる熱によって制限され得る。
CO2+4H2→CH4+2H2O (2)
CO+3H2→CH4+H2O (3)
好適には、改質器430は、少なくともH2N2、CH4の混合物を備える変換後の水素含有ガスを出力する。改質器出力ガスは更に、第1の改質器熱交換器432において冷却され、EHCアノード442へ供給される。
60CH4+8CO2+32H2→68CH4+16H2O (4)
Claims (14)
- 嫌気性消化ガスを受け取り、かつ改質器‐電解装置‐精製器アセンブリのためのカソード供給ガスを排ガスとして出力するように構成された発電装置と、
改質器‐電解装置‐精製器アセンブリであって、
電解質マトリックスによって隔てられたアノードおよびカソードを含む燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池を電解装置として逆に運転するために前記燃料電池に逆電圧を印加するように構成された電源とを備え、
前記カソードは、前記カソード供給ガスを受け取るように構成され、
前記アノードは、二酸化炭素を含むアノード供給ガスを受け取るように構成され、
前記燃料電池は、水素および二酸化炭素を含む水素含有ガス混合物を出力するように構成された、改質器‐電解装置‐精製器アセンブリと、
二酸化炭素がメタンに変換されるように、前記燃料電池から出力された前記水素含有ガス混合物をメタン化するように構成され、変換後の水素含有ガス混合物を出力するように構成された改質器と、
前記改質器からの前記変換後の水素含有ガス混合物を圧縮するように構成されたコンプレッサと
を備えるエネルギ貯蔵システム。 - 前記アノード供給ガスは炭化水素を更に備える、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記発電装置は内燃エンジンである、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記改質器は、前記燃料電池によって出力された前記水素含有ガス混合物内の一酸化炭素および二酸化炭素をメタンに変換するように構成される、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記コンプレッサは、前記改質器からの前記変換後の水素含有ガス混合物内のメタンを圧縮するように構成される、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記コンプレッサからの圧縮メタンおよび前記変換後の水素含有ガス混合物は冷却され、それによって水が凝縮され、前記変換後の水素含有ガス混合物から分離される、請求項5に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記エネルギ貯蔵システムにおいて生成されたメタンは、パイプラインへ入れ込まれるように構成される、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記メタンの出力流から凝縮水を除去するように構成された水ノックアウトポットを更に備える、請求項6に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記コンプレッサから出力された圧縮メタンは貯蔵されるように構成される、請求項6に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記発電装置は、嫌気性消化ガスと、二酸化炭素およびメタンの混合物とを受け取るように構成される、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のエネルギ貯蔵システムを用いてメタンを発生させる方法であって、
前記燃料電池の前記アノードにおいて、前記アノード供給ガスを介して二酸化炭素を受け取ることと、
前記燃料電池から、メタン、二酸化炭素、および水素を含む前記水素含有ガス混合物を出力することと、
前記改質器を用いて、前記燃料電池からの前記水素含有ガス混合物をメタン化することと、
前記コンプレッサを用いて、前記改質器からの前記変換後の水素含有ガス混合物から水を分離し、分離後のガス混合物を前記コンプレッサから出力することと
を備える方法。 - 水ノックアウトポットにおいて、前記コンプレッサによって出力された前記分離後のガス混合物から水を除去することと、
前記コンプレッサによって出力された前記分離後のガス混合物からのメタンをガスパイプラインへ送り込むことと
を更に備える、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記電源が前記燃料電池に逆電圧を印加すると、前記燃料電池の前記アノードにおいて水素含有ガスを発生させることと、
前記燃料電池の前記アノードにおける電解反応を用いて、前記水素含有ガス混合物から二酸化炭素を分離することと
を更に備える、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記燃料電池は、前記水素含有ガス混合物を出力し、二酸化炭素および酸素を含む酸化剤ガスを別に出力する、請求項13に記載の方法。
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