JP6688109B2 - 面発光素子、外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザー、および面発光素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
面発光素子、外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザー、および面発光素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6688109B2 JP6688109B2 JP2016040853A JP2016040853A JP6688109B2 JP 6688109 B2 JP6688109 B2 JP 6688109B2 JP 2016040853 A JP2016040853 A JP 2016040853A JP 2016040853 A JP2016040853 A JP 2016040853A JP 6688109 B2 JP6688109 B2 JP 6688109B2
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- surface emitting
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- active layer
- emitting device
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 128
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 79
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylindium Chemical compound C[In](C)C IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007716 flux method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 4
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
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- C30B19/00—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B19/02—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth using molten solvents, e.g. flux
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- C30B19/00—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth
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- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
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- C30B25/183—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate being provided with a buffer layer, e.g. a lattice matching layer
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- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
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- C30B29/406—Gallium nitride
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
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- C30B9/00—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents
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- H01L29/165—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table including two or more of the elements provided for in group H01L29/16, e.g. alloys in different semiconductor regions, e.g. heterojunctions
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- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/0304—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
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Description
本発明の第9の態様は、第6ないし第8の態様に係る面発光素子の製造方法であって、前記発光体構造形成工程が、前記配向多結晶基板の上に第1のGaN層を形成する第1GaN層形成工程と、前記第1のGaN層の上に前記DBR層を形成するDBR層形成工程と、前記DBR層の上に前記活性層を形成する活性層形成工程と、前記活性層の上に第2のGaN層を形成する第2GaN層形成工程と、を備え、前記DBR層形成工程においては、In x Al 1−x N(0≦x<1)という組成の13族窒化物からなる第1単位反射層と、GaNからなる第2単位反射層と、を繰り返し交互に積層することによって前記DBR層を形成し、前記活性層形成工程においては、In y Ga 1−y N(0<y<1)という組成の13族窒化物からなる第1単位活性層と、GaNからなる第2単位活性層と、を繰り返し交互にかつn型のドーパントをドープさせつつ積層することによってn型の前記活性層を形成する、ことを特徴とする。
<面発光素子の構成>
図1は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る面発光素子10を備える光共振器101を有して構成される、外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザー(VECSEL:Vertical External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser)100を、模式的に示す図である。
次に、面発光素子10の製造方法について説明する。以降の説明においては、母基板(ウェハ)の状態にある配向GaN基板1を用意し、多数の面発光素子10を同時に作製する、いわゆる多数個取りの手法によって面発光素子10を作製する場合を対象とする。
形成温度:1030℃〜1130℃;
形成圧力:30kPa〜100kPa;
キャリアガス:窒素および水素;
原料ガス:TMG(トリメチルガリウム)およびアンモニアガス;
15族/13族ガス比:5000〜10000。
形成温度:700℃〜800℃;
形成圧力:10kPa〜30kPa;
キャリアガス:窒素;
第1単位反射層3aの原料ガス:TMA(トリメチルアルミニウム)、TMI(トリメチルインジウム:InAlN層を形成する場合のみ)、およびアンモニアガス;
15族/13族ガス比:2000〜6000;
第2単位反射層3bの原料ガス:TMG(トリメチルガリウム)およびアンモニアガス;
15族/13族ガス比:4000〜10000;
第1単位反射層3aと第2単位反射層3bのペアの繰り返し数:10〜50。
形成温度:750℃〜900℃;
形成圧力:20kPa〜100kPa;
キャリアガス:窒素;
第1単位活性層4aの原料ガス:TMG(トリメチルガリウム)、TMI(トリメチルインジウム)、およびアンモニアガス;
ドーパント源:シランガス;
15族/13族ガス比:5000〜15000;
第2単位活性層4bの原料ガス:TMG(トリメチルガリウム)およびアンモニアガス;
ドーパント源:シランガス;
15族/13族ガス比:4000〜10000;
第1単位活性層4aと第2単位活性層4bのペアの繰り返し数:8〜20。
形成温度:950℃〜1050℃;
形成圧力:10kPa〜100kPa;
キャリアガス:窒素および水素;
原料ガス:TMG(トリメチルガリウム)およびアンモニアガス;
15族/13族ガス比:5000〜10000。
上述した第1の実施の形態に係る面発光素子10は、下地基板である配向GaN基板1の結晶粒界1gに対応するランダムな位置に溝部G1を備えることで、素子内部の歪みが緩和されていたが、面発光素子の構成は、特に溝部の形成態様は、第1の実施の形態に示したものには限られない。例えば、溝部が規則的に(周期的に)設けられた態様であってもよい。
第2の実施の形態に係る面発光素子における規則的な(周期的な)溝部の形態は、本実施の形態に示す平面視六角格子状にものに限られず、三角格子状や四角格子状その他、種々の形態が採用されてよい。
実施例1として第1の実施の形態に係る面発光素子10を作製し、実施例2として第2の実施の形態に係る、溝部G2が平面視六角形状をなしている面発光素子20を作製し、比較例1として溝部G2を設けない他は実施例2と同様の構成を有する面発光素子を作製し、これらの面発光素子をそれぞれ外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザー100に組み込んで、その出力特性を評価した。
実施例3として、配向GaN基板1を構成する個々のGaN結晶の面内方向における平均粒径(以下、単に配向GaN基板1の平均粒径と称する)を0.3μm〜70μmの範囲で種々に違えたほかは、第1の実施の形態に係る面発光素子10と同一の条件にて、複数の面発光素子10を作製した。そして、それぞれの面発光素子10を外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザー100に組み込み、配向GaN基板1の平均粒径と外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザー100から放出される放出レーザー光LBの強度との関係を評価した。なお、それぞれの配向GaN基板1の(002)面のRC半値幅の値は、0.8度〜1.2度の範囲に収まっていた。
実施例4として、配向GaN基板1の(002)面のRC半値幅の値を0.1度〜2.8度の範囲内で種々に違えたほかは、第1の実施の形態に係る面発光素子10と同一の条件にて、複数の面発光素子10を作製した。そして、それぞれの面発光素子10を外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザー100に組み込み、配向GaN基板1の(002)面のRC半値幅と外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザー100から放出される放出レーザー光LBの強度との関係を評価した。なお、それぞれの配向GaN基板1の平均粒径は、18μm〜22μmの範囲に収まっていた。
1g 結晶粒界
2、22 第1のGaN層
3、23 DBR層
3a (DBR層の)第1単位反射層
3b (DBR層の)第2単位反射層
4、24 活性層
4a (活性層の)第1単位活性層
4b (活性層の)第2単位反射層
5、25 第2のGaN層
10、20 面発光素子
10A (面発光素子の)単位積層部分
11 ヒートシンク
12、26 反射防止膜
13 共振ミラー
21 単結晶GaN基板
100 外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザー
101 光共振器
102 励起レーザー光源
G1、G2 溝部
LB 放出レーザー光
LB0 励起レーザー光
Claims (16)
- 外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザーの励起媒体用の面発光素子であって、
GaNからなるとともにc軸配向した配向多結晶基板と、
13族窒化物半導体からなり、前記配向多結晶基板の上に設けられた発光体構造と、
を備え、
前記発光体構造が、それぞれが前記配向多結晶基板上に備わり、かつ、分布ブラッグ反射構造を有するDBR層と多重量子井戸構造を有し外部からのレーザー光の照射によって励起発光する活性層とを有する複数の単位積層部分によって構成されており、
前記複数の単位積層部分のそれぞれが、前記配向多結晶基板の個々の結晶上に設けられており、前記複数の単位積層部分のそれぞれのc軸方位が、直下に存在する前記配向多結晶基板の個々の結晶のc軸方位に倣っており、
前記複数の単位積層部分のそれぞれの間に、前記配向多結晶基板の主面上における結晶粒界に沿って存在する溝部が備わる、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子。 - 請求項1に記載の面発光素子であって、
前記配向多結晶基板を構成する個々のGaN結晶の面内方向における平均粒径は5μm〜30μmである、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の面発光素子であって、
前記配向多結晶基板におけるGaN(002)面についてのX線ロッキングカーブ半値幅の値が0.2度〜1.0度である、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子。 - 請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の面発光素子であって、
前記単位積層部分のそれぞれが、
前記配向多結晶基板の上に設けられた第1のGaN層と、
前記第1のGaN層の上に設けられた前記DBR層と、
前記DBR層の上に設けられたn型の前記活性層と、
前記活性層の上に設けられた第2のGaN層と、
を備え、
前記DBR層が、
InxAl1−xN(0≦x<1)という組成の13族窒化物からなる第1単位反射層と、
GaNからなる第2単位反射層と、
が繰り返し交互に積層されることによって前記分布ブラッグ反射構造を有しており、
前記活性層が、
InyGa1−yN(0<y<1)という組成を有するn型の第1単位活性層と、
GaNからなるn型の第2単位活性層と、
が繰り返し交互に積層されることで前記多重量子井戸構造を有している、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子。 - 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載の面発光素子と、
前記面発光素子の前記DBR層との間で前記活性層において生じた励起発光を共振させる共振ミラーと、
を備える光共振器と、
前記面発光素子の前記活性層に対し励起レーザー光を照射する励起光源と、
を備えることを特徴とする外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザー。 - 外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザーの励起媒体用の面発光素子を製造する方法であって、
GaNからなるとともにc軸配向した配向多結晶基板を用意する工程と、
前記配向多結晶基板の上に、13族窒化物半導体からなる発光体構造を形成する発光体構造形成工程と、
を備え、
前記発光体構造形成工程においては、前記発光体構造を、
それぞれが前記配向多結晶基板の個々の結晶上に備わり、かつ、分布ブラッグ反射構造を有するDBR層と多重量子井戸構造を有し外部からのレーザー光の照射によって励起発光する活性層とを有する複数の単位積層部分と、
前記複数の単位積層部分のそれぞれの間に備わる、前記配向多結晶基板の主面上における結晶粒界に沿った溝部と、
を有するように、かつ、
前記複数の単位積層部分のそれぞれのc軸方位が、直下に存在する前記配向多結晶基板の個々の結晶のc軸方位に倣うように、
形成する、ことを特徴とする面発光素子の製造方法。 - 請求項6に記載の面発光素子の製造方法であって、
前記配向多結晶基板を構成する個々のGaN結晶の面内方向における平均粒径は5μm〜30μmである、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子の製造方法。 - 請求項6または請求項7に記載の面発光素子の製造方法であって、
前記配向多結晶基板におけるGaN(002)面についてのX線ロッキングカーブ半値幅の値が0.2度〜1.0度である、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子の製造方法。 - 請求項6ないし請求項8のいずれかに記載の面発光素子の製造方法であって、
前記発光体構造形成工程が、
前記配向多結晶基板の上に第1のGaN層を形成する第1GaN層形成工程と、
前記第1のGaN層の上に前記DBR層を形成するDBR層形成工程と、
前記DBR層の上に前記活性層を形成する活性層形成工程と、
前記活性層の上に第2のGaN層を形成する第2GaN層形成工程と、
を備え、
前記DBR層形成工程においては、
In x Al 1−x N(0≦x<1)という組成の13族窒化物からなる第1単位反射層と、
GaNからなる第2単位反射層と、
を繰り返し交互に積層することによって前記DBR層を形成し、
前記活性層形成工程においては、
In y Ga 1−y N(0<y<1)という組成の13族窒化物からなる第1単位活性層と、
GaNからなる第2単位活性層と、
を繰り返し交互にかつn型のドーパントをドープさせつつ積層することによってn型の前記活性層を形成する、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子の製造方法。 - 外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザーの励起媒体用の面発光素子を製造する方法であって、
GaNからなるとともにc軸配向した単結晶基板を用意する工程と、
前記単結晶基板の上に、13族窒化物半導体からなる発光体構造を形成する発光体構造形成工程と、
を備え、
前記発光体構造形成工程が、
それぞれが前記単結晶基板上に備わり、かつ、分布ブラッグ反射構造を有するDBR層と多重量子井戸構造を有し外部からのレーザー光の照射によって励起発光する活性層とを有する複数の単位積層部分と、
前記複数の単位積層部分のそれぞれの間に備わる溝部と、
を有するように、かつ、
前記複数の単位積層部分のそれぞれのc軸方位が、直下に存在する前記単結晶基板のc軸方位に倣うように、
前記発光体構造を形成する工程であって、
前記溝部の形成予定位置も含めた前記単結晶基板の上に、前記発光体構造を構成する各層を順次に一様にエピタキシャル成長させて積層体を得る積層工程と、
前記積層体の前記形成予定位置において前記溝部を形成する溝部形成工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする面発光素子の製造方法。 - 請求項10に記載の面発光素子の製造方法であって、
前記溝部形成工程においては、前記溝部を、前記単結晶基板上に規則的に設ける、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子の製造方法。 - 請求項10または請求項11に記載の面発光素子の製造方法であって、
前記発光体構造形成工程が、
前記単結晶基板の上に第1のGaN層を形成する第1GaN層形成工程と、
前記第1のGaN層の上に前記DBR層を形成するDBR層形成工程と、
前記DBR層の上に前記活性層を形成する活性層形成工程と、
前記活性層の上に第2のGaN層を形成する第2GaN層形成工程と、
を備え、
前記DBR層形成工程においては、
InxAl1−xN(0≦x<1)という組成の13族窒化物からなる第1単位反射層と、
GaNからなる第2単位反射層と、
を繰り返し交互に積層することによって前記DBR層を形成し、
前記活性層形成工程においては、
InyGa1−yN(0<y<1)という組成の13族窒化物からなる第1単位活性層と、
GaNからなる第2単位活性層と、
を繰り返し交互にかつn型のドーパントをドープさせつつ積層することによってn型の前記活性層を形成する、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子の製造方法。 - 面発光素子であって、
GaNからなるとともにc軸配向した配向多結晶基板と、
13族窒化物半導体からなり、前記配向多結晶基板の上に設けられた発光体構造と、
を備え、
前記発光体構造が、それぞれが前記配向多結晶基板上に備わり、かつ、多重量子井戸構造を有し外部からのレーザー光の照射によって励起発光する活性層を有する複数の単位積層部分によって構成されており、
前記複数の単位積層部分のそれぞれが、前記配向多結晶基板の個々の結晶上に設けられており、前記複数の単位積層部分のそれぞれのc軸方位が、直下に存在する前記配向多結晶基板の個々の結晶のc軸方位に倣っており、
前記複数の単位積層部分のそれぞれの間に、前記配向多結晶基板の主面上における結晶粒界に沿って存在する溝部が備わる、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子。 - 請求項13に記載の面発光素子であって、
前記配向多結晶基板を構成する個々のGaN結晶の面内方向における平均粒径は5μm〜30μmである、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子。 - 請求項13または請求項14に記載の面発光素子であって、
前記配向多結晶基板におけるGaN(002)面についてのX線ロッキングカーブ半値幅の値が0.2度〜1.0度である、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子。 - 請求項13ないし請求項15のいずれかに記載の面発光素子であって、
前記単位積層部分のそれぞれが、
前記配向多結晶基板の上に設けられた第1のGaN層と、
前記第1のGaN層の上に設けられたn型の前記活性層と、
前記活性層の上に設けられた第2のGaN層と、
を備え、
前記活性層が、
InyGa1−yN(0<y<1)という組成を有するn型の第1単位活性層と、
GaNからなるn型の第2単位活性層と、
が繰り返し交互に積層されることで前記多重量子井戸構造を有している、
ことを特徴とする面発光素子。
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