JP6601681B2 - Grain dryer - Google Patents
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- JP6601681B2 JP6601681B2 JP2016121385A JP2016121385A JP6601681B2 JP 6601681 B2 JP6601681 B2 JP 6601681B2 JP 2016121385 A JP2016121385 A JP 2016121385A JP 2016121385 A JP2016121385 A JP 2016121385A JP 6601681 B2 JP6601681 B2 JP 6601681B2
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Description
本発明は、穀物乾燥機に関する。 The present invention relates to a grain dryer.
特許文献１には、水分計と重量計を備えた穀物乾燥機が記載されている。
この穀物乾燥機は目標水分値に到達したことを水分計で検出すると乾燥運転が終了するが、乾燥運転中は重量計により、乾燥速度を調節している。
Patent Document 1 describes a grain dryer equipped with a moisture meter and a weight meter.
When this grain dryer detects that the target moisture value has been reached by the moisture meter, the drying operation is terminated. During the drying operation, the drying speed is adjusted by the weight meter.
特許文献２には、中間水分値（例えば１８％）で乾燥運転を一旦停止し、設定時間乾燥を停止させて穀物を調質する休止乾燥が記載されている。 Patent Document 2 describes pause drying in which a drying operation is temporarily stopped at an intermediate moisture value (for example, 18%), and the grain is conditioned by stopping drying for a set time.
休止乾燥のように、燃焼バーナを燃焼させない非乾燥による運転の場合に、外気湿度が高いと穀物が必要以上に吸湿し、そのまま放置すると品質が劣化する場合がある。しかしながら、穀物の吸湿状態は目に見えないので判別しにくい。特に、前述の通風運転や休止乾燥は夜間に行うことも多いのでオペレータにとって分かりにくい。 In the case of non-drying operation in which the combustion burner is not burned as in the case of rest drying, the grain may absorb more than necessary if the outside air humidity is high, and the quality may deteriorate if left as it is. However, the moisture absorption state of the grain is invisible and difficult to distinguish. In particular, the above-described ventilation operation and pause drying are often performed at night, which is difficult for an operator to understand.
本発明は、かかる課題を解決することを目的とする。 The present invention aims to solve this problem.
かかる課題を解決するために、請求項１記載の発明は、穀物を張り込む貯留室と、穀物を乾燥する乾燥室と、張込穀物の重量を検出する重量計を備える穀物乾燥機において、非乾燥運転時に、穀物重量が設定以上増加をしたことを重量計が測定すると、張込穀物が外気湿度から吸湿したと判定し、その旨を報知する制御部を備えたことを特徴とする穀物乾燥機とする。 In order to solve such a problem, the invention described in claim 1 is a grain dryer comprising a storage chamber in which grains are placed, a drying chamber in which grains are dried, and a scale for detecting the weight of the placed grains. Grain drying, characterized by having a control unit that determines that the cereal grains have absorbed moisture from the outside air humidity when the weigh scale measures that the grain weight has increased more than the set value during the drying operation. A machine.
請求項２記載の発明は、前記非乾燥運転時は通風運転又は休止乾燥であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の穀物乾燥機とする。 The invention described in claim 2 is the grain dryer according to claim 1, wherein the non-drying operation is a ventilation operation or a pause drying.
請求項３記載の発明は、穀物を張り込む貯留室と、穀物を乾燥する乾燥室と、張込穀物の重量を検出する重量計を備える穀物乾燥機において、張込運転終了後に張込穀物の重量の測定結果を記憶し、張込運転終了後に通風運転を行った場合に、通風運転の開始から設定時間経過後に設定重量以上増加をしたことを測定すると、張込穀物が外気湿度から吸湿したと判定し、その旨を報知する制御部を備えたことを特徴とする穀物乾燥機とする。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a grain dryer comprising a storage chamber in which grains are placed, a drying chamber in which grains are dried, and a weigh scale for detecting the weight of the grains. When the measurement result of the weight is memorized and the ventilation operation is performed after the end of the tension operation, if the increase in the set weight is measured after the set time has elapsed from the start of the ventilation operation, the tension grain has absorbed moisture from the outside air humidity. It is set as the grain dryer characterized by having provided with the control part which alert | reports and notifies that.
請求項４記載の発明は、穀物を張り込む貯留室と、穀物を乾燥する乾燥室と、張込穀物の重量を検出する重量計を備える穀物乾燥機において、設定水分値に到達するまで乾燥運転を行った後、休止乾燥を行い、次いで目標水分値まで乾燥運転を行う場合に、休止乾燥開始時の張込穀物の重量を記憶し、休止乾燥開始から設定時間経過後に、穀物重量が設定以上増加をしたことを重量計が測定すると、張込穀物が外気湿度から吸湿したと判定し、その旨を報知する制御部を備えたことを特徴とする穀物乾燥機とする。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a grain dryer comprising a storage chamber in which grains are placed, a drying room in which grains are dried, and a weigh scale for detecting the weight of the grains, and the drying operation is performed until a set moisture value is reached. After performing dry drying, when performing dry operation to the target moisture value, memorize the weight of the cereal grains at the start of the pause drying, and after the set time has elapsed from the start of the pause drying, the grain weight is equal to or higher than the set value. When the weigh scale measures the increase, it is determined that the cereal grains have absorbed moisture from the outside air humidity, and the grain dryer is provided with a control unit that notifies the fact.
請求項５記載の発明は、制御部とオペレータの携帯端末とを通信で接続し、前記吸湿の旨の情報を携帯端末に送信することを特徴とする請求項１から請求項４いずれか記載の穀物乾燥機とする。 The invention according to claim 5 connects the control unit and the portable terminal of the operator by communication, and transmits the moisture absorption information to the portable terminal. Use a grain dryer.
請求項６記載の発明は、非乾燥運転時に設定時間内に設定以上の重量の増加については、前記吸湿の重量にカウントしない制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５いずれか記載の穀物乾燥機とする。
これにより、外乱による重量の変動を適切に処理することができる。
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in a non-drying operation, a control that does not count the weight of the moisture absorption is performed for an increase in weight over a set time within a set time. Cereal dryer.
Thereby, the fluctuation | variation of the weight by disturbance can be processed appropriately.
本発明により、非乾燥運転時における穀物の吸湿情報を適切に報知することで、吸湿による穀物の品質劣化の防止を行うことができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent deterioration of grain quality due to moisture absorption by appropriately notifying grain moisture absorption information during non-drying operation.
本発明の実施の形態の穀物乾燥機について説明する。
箱体Ｈ内に穀物を貯留する貯留室１と、穀物を乾燥する乾燥室２を設ける。乾燥室２は燃焼バーナ１７による熱風が通過する熱風室３と、熱風及び穀物が通過する流下通路４と流下通路４を通過した熱風が排風ファン５で吸引される排風室６を設ける。
A grain dryer according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A storage chamber 1 for storing grains and a drying chamber 2 for drying grains are provided in the box H. The drying chamber 2 includes a hot air chamber 3 through which hot air from the combustion burner 17 passes, a downflow passage 4 through which the hot air and grains pass, and an exhaust air chamber 6 through which the hot air that has passed through the downflow passage 4 is sucked by the exhaust fan 5.
乾燥室２の下部には、乾燥室２内の穀物を繰り出すロータリバルブ７を設け、ロータリバルブ７の下方には、穀物を正面側に移送する下部ラセン８を設ける。箱体Ｈの正面側には穀物を揚穀するバケット９ａ式の昇降機９を設け、箱体Ｈの上部には昇降機９で揚穀された穀物を貯留室１へ移送する上部ラセン１０を設ける。上部ラセン１０の移送終端側には穀物を貯留室１内に拡散する拡散羽根を設ける。本実施の形態では下部ラセン８と、昇降機９と、上部ラセン１０と、拡散羽根１５と、ロータリバルブ７の駆動により穀物を循環させる循環式の穀物乾燥機であり、前述の循環させるための部材を総称して循環機構Jと呼ぶ。 A rotary valve 7 for feeding out the grains in the drying chamber 2 is provided at the lower part of the drying chamber 2, and a lower spiral 8 for transferring the grains to the front side is provided below the rotary valve 7. On the front side of the box H is provided a bucket 9a type elevator 9 for cerealing grains, and on the upper part of the box H is provided an upper spiral 10 for transferring grains cerealed by the elevator 9 to the storage chamber 1. A diffusion blade for diffusing grains into the storage chamber 1 is provided on the transfer terminal side of the upper spiral 10. In the present embodiment, the lower helix 8, the elevator 9, the upper helix 10, the diffusion blade 15, and the rotary valve 7 are circulated grain dryers that circulate the grains, and the above-described members for circulation are used. Are collectively referred to as circulation mechanism J.
昇降機９にはバケット９ａから毀れた穀物を収容し、水分値を測定する水分計１１を設ける。水分計１１は一対の圧砕ロール１１ａで穀物を圧砕して水分を測定する。
箱体Ｈの底部には重量計１２を設ける。重量計１２は箱体Ｈの四隅に設け、張込穀物の張込重量を検出可能に構成する。具体的には例えばロードセルを利用する。
The elevator 9 is provided with a moisture meter 11 for storing grains sown from the bucket 9a and measuring the moisture value. The moisture meter 11 crushes the grains with a pair of crushing rolls 11a and measures moisture.
A weight scale 12 is provided at the bottom of the box H. The weigh scales 12 are provided at the four corners of the box H so as to be able to detect the tension weight of the tension grain. Specifically, for example, a load cell is used.
箱体Ｈの正面側には制御部Ｓを内蔵する操作盤１３を設ける。操作盤１３には、昇降機９の取り付ける張込ホッパ１４に張り込んだ穀物を昇降機９及び上部ラセン１０で貯留室１に移送する張込運転をするための張込スイッチ２０と、排風ファン５と循環機構Jを駆動して穀物を通風しながら循環運転させるための通風スイッチ２１と、燃焼バーナ１７と排風ファン５と循環機構Jを駆動して穀物の乾燥運転を行う乾燥スイッチ２２と、乾燥運転終了後に循環機構Jを駆動すると共に、昇降機９の上部の排出シャッタ１６を排出側に切り換えて張込穀物を機外に排出する排出運転を行う排出スイッチ２３を設ける。また、張込運転、通風運転、乾燥運転、排出運転を停止させる停止スイッチ２４を設ける。 On the front side of the box H, an operation panel 13 incorporating the control unit S is provided. The operation panel 13 includes a tension switch 20 for carrying out a tension operation in which the grain stretched on the tension hopper 14 to which the elevator 9 is attached is transferred to the storage chamber 1 by the elevator 9 and the upper spiral 10, and the exhaust fan 5. A ventilation switch 21 for driving the circulation mechanism J to circulate while passing the grain, a combustion switch 17, an exhaust fan 5, and a drying switch 22 for driving the circulation mechanism J to dry the grain, After the drying operation is completed, the circulation mechanism J is driven, and a discharge switch 23 for performing a discharge operation for switching the discharge shutter 16 at the upper part of the elevator 9 to the discharge side and discharging the cereal grains outside the apparatus is provided. Further, a stop switch 24 for stopping the tension operation, the ventilation operation, the drying operation, and the discharge operation is provided.
また、目標とする水分値を設定する目標水分設定スイッチ２５と、乾燥速度を設定する乾燥速度設定スイッチ２６と、穀物品種を設定する穀物品種設定スイッチ２７を画面２８に設ける。重量計１２による乾燥運転から水分計１１による乾燥運転に切り換る設定水分値を変更するための設定水分値調節スイッチ３０を設ける。 Further, a target moisture setting switch 25 for setting a target moisture value, a drying speed setting switch 26 for setting a drying speed, and a grain variety setting switch 27 for setting a grain variety are provided on the screen 28. A set moisture value adjustment switch 30 for changing the set moisture value for switching from the drying operation by the weight meter 12 to the drying operation by the moisture meter 11 is provided.
また、画面２８は、前述の目標水分値等の乾燥運転条件を設定する画面と、乾燥運転中の各種情報を表示する画面に切換え可能に構成している。 The screen 28 is configured to be switchable between a screen for setting the drying operation conditions such as the target moisture value described above and a screen for displaying various information during the drying operation.
また、特に乾燥運転中に表示が必要な熱風温度・水分値・残り乾燥運転時間を交互に表示するインジケータ式の表示器２９を設ける。 In addition, an indicator type indicator 29 for alternately displaying the hot air temperature, the moisture value, and the remaining drying operation time that need to be displayed during the drying operation is provided.
次に、乾燥運転について説明する。
オペレータが乾燥条件を設定して、乾燥スイッチ２２をＯＮすると、燃焼バーナ及び循環機構Jが駆動を開始し、穀物は循環しながら乾燥室２で熱風に晒され乾燥運転が開始する。
Next, the drying operation will be described.
When the operator sets the drying conditions and turns on the drying switch 22, the combustion burner and the circulation mechanism J start driving, and the grains are exposed to hot air in the drying chamber 2 while circulating, and the drying operation is started.
本実施の形態では、穀物品種は籾で、目標水分値は１５％で、乾燥速度は「はやい（乾減率１．０％／ｈ）」とする。そして重量計１２で測定した張込穀物量を５０００Ｋｇとする。また、乾燥運転開始時に水分計１１で測定した水分値は２５％とする。 In the present embodiment, the grain variety is boiled, the target moisture value is 15%, and the drying rate is “fast (drying rate 1.0% / h)”. And the amount of cereal grains measured with the weigh scale 12 is set to 5000 kg. The moisture value measured with the moisture meter 11 at the start of the drying operation is 25%.
図７及び図８は穀物重量と乾燥運転時間、及び水分値と乾燥運転時間の関係を示す一例である。そして、前述の目標水分値と乾燥速度と穀物重量と乾燥運転開始時の水分値（初期水分値）が制御部Ｓに入力されると、図７のような水分値と乾燥運転時間の基準線（イ）と、穀物重量と乾燥運転時間の基準線（ロ）が作成され、当該基準線に沿った乾燥運転がなされる。なお、基準線の基になる各種データは予め制御部Ｓにいわゆるテーブルデータとして設定されている。 7 and 8 are examples showing the relationship between the grain weight and the drying operation time, and the moisture value and the drying operation time. When the target moisture value, the drying speed, the grain weight, and the moisture value at the start of the drying operation (initial moisture value) are input to the control unit S, the reference lines for the moisture value and the drying operation time as shown in FIG. (A) A reference line (b) of grain weight and drying operation time is created, and the drying operation is performed along the reference line. Note that various data used as the basis of the reference line is set in the control unit S as so-called table data in advance.
水分計１１は、穀物水分値が高いと穀物水分のバラツキが大きいため測定精度が低下する。そのため、乾燥運転開始時に張込穀物の水分値が設定水分値以上の場合の乾燥運転は、水分計１１による水分値データを設定時間毎に画面２８に表示するが、乾燥運転は重量計１２の重量データに基づいて行う。そして設定水分値に到達すると、穀物水分のバラツキが小さくなり水分計１１の測定精度が良好になるため、水分計１１による水分値データに基づく乾燥運転に切り換る。本実施の形態では前記設定水分値を１８％に設定している。 When the moisture content of the moisture meter 11 is high, the measurement accuracy decreases because the variation in grain moisture is large. Therefore, the drying operation when the moisture value of the cereal grains is equal to or higher than the set moisture value at the start of the drying operation displays the moisture value data by the moisture meter 11 on the screen 28 for each set time. Based on weight data. When the set moisture value is reached, the variation in grain moisture is reduced and the measurement accuracy of the moisture meter 11 is improved, so that the operation is switched to the drying operation based on the moisture value data by the moisture meter 11. In the present embodiment, the set moisture value is set to 18%.
すなわち、図９に示す通り、穀物が１８％に到達するまでは重量計１２の重量データに基づく乾燥運転を行う（基準線（ロ）に沿う乾燥制御を行う）。そして、１８％に到達すると、水分計１１に基づく乾燥運転に切り換る（基準線（イ）に沿う乾燥制御に切り換る）。そして、目標水分値に到達するまで乾燥運転が継続される。なお、ここでは、重量計１２に基づく乾燥運転から水分計１１に基づく乾燥運転に自動的に切り替わる乾燥運転について説明しており、図９の休止乾燥については後述する。 That is, as shown in FIG. 9, the drying operation based on the weight data of the weigh scale 12 is performed until the grain reaches 18% (drying control along the reference line (b) is performed). And when it reaches 18%, it switches to the drying operation based on the moisture meter 11 (it switches to the drying control along a reference line (A)). Then, the drying operation is continued until the target moisture value is reached. Here, a drying operation that automatically switches from a drying operation based on the weigh scale 12 to a drying operation based on the moisture meter 11 is described, and the pause drying in FIG. 9 will be described later.
水分計１１に基づく乾燥運転が目標水分値である１５％まで到達すると、燃焼バーナ１７は停止し、設定時間（例えば２０分）通風運転による燃焼バーナ１７及び穀物を冷却する冷却運転（いわゆるポストパージ）が行われる。 When the drying operation based on the moisture meter 11 reaches the target moisture value of 15%, the combustion burner 17 is stopped, and the cooling operation (so-called post-purge) for cooling the combustion burner 17 and the grains by the ventilation operation for a set time (for example, 20 minutes). ) Is performed.
オペレータが、乾燥運転終了時の穀物の状態から、さらに、もう少し乾燥させたいと判断したら、追い乾燥運転を行う。この場合には、目標水分設定スイッチ２５で追い乾燥用目標水分値（例えば１４％）を設定し、再び乾燥スイッチ２２をＯＮすると追い乾燥運転が開始する。追い乾燥運転は、乾燥運転終了時の水分値と追い乾燥用目標水分値の差から除去する水分量を演算し、重量計１２に基づく乾燥制御がなされる。すなわち、重量計１２が目標とする重量（本実施の形態では図８の４４８５ｋｇ）を検出すると追い乾燥運転は停止する。追い乾燥運転で、水分計１１に基づく乾燥運転を行うと、水分計１１は張込穀物全体の中のあるポイントにおける水分値を測定するため、張込穀物の層毎の水分値に斑やバラツキが大きいと、追い乾燥運転後すぐに１４％を測定して乾燥運転が停止することにより張込穀物全体の乾燥状態が不十分になったり、水分計１１が１４％を測定するまで必要以上長い運転時間要することで過乾燥になることを防止するためである。 If the operator determines from the grain condition at the end of the drying operation that the operator wants to dry a little further, the additional drying operation is performed. In this case, when the target moisture setting switch 25 sets a target moisture value for additional drying (for example, 14%) and the drying switch 22 is turned on again, the additional drying operation starts. In the additional drying operation, the amount of moisture to be removed is calculated from the difference between the moisture value at the end of the drying operation and the target moisture value for additional drying, and the drying control based on the weigh scale 12 is performed. That is, when the weight 12 detects the target weight (4485 kg in FIG. 8 in this embodiment), the additional drying operation is stopped. When the drying operation based on the moisture meter 11 is performed in the follow-up drying operation, the moisture meter 11 measures the moisture value at a certain point in the whole of the cereal grains. Is larger than necessary until 14% is measured immediately after the follow-up drying operation and the drying operation is stopped, resulting in insufficient drying of the whole cereal grains, or until the moisture meter 11 measures 14%. This is to prevent overdrying due to the operation time required.
また、従来のタイマーに基づく追い乾燥運転によるとオペレータの勘に頼るためオペレータの意図する乾燥ができないという欠点があったが、重量計１２に基づく乾燥を行うことで、除去する必要にある水分量を乾燥させることができる。また、通常の乾燥運転の終了時の水分値と追い乾燥用目標水分値との差から追い乾燥で除去する必要のある水分量を演算したうえで乾燥させることができるので精度の高い乾燥制御を行うことができる。 In addition, the conventional additional drying operation based on the timer has a disadvantage that the operator's intuition does not allow the operator to perform the intended drying, but the amount of water that needs to be removed by performing the drying based on the weighing scale 12. Can be dried. In addition, since the amount of moisture that needs to be removed by additional drying can be calculated from the difference between the moisture value at the end of the normal drying operation and the target moisture value for additional drying, it is possible to perform drying with high accuracy. It can be carried out.
乾燥運転又は追い乾燥が終了した後、オペレータが排出スイッチ２３を操作すると排出運転がなされ、貯留室１及び乾燥室２内の穀物は循環機構Jの駆動により、昇降機９から排出シャッタ１６を介して機外に排出される。水分計１１では昇降機９で搬送される穀物からサンプル穀物を採取し、穀物有、即ち排出運転であることを判定する。そして、排出する穀物が無くなり、水分計１１が設定時間（例えば２分）サンプル穀物を採取できないことを検出すると、排出する穀物が無いと判定し、排出運転を自動的に停止する。もちろん、オペレータが停止スイッチ２４を操作して停止させても良い。 When the operator operates the discharge switch 23 after the drying operation or follow-up drying, the discharge operation is performed, and the grains in the storage chamber 1 and the drying chamber 2 are driven from the elevator 9 through the discharge shutter 16 by the circulation mechanism J. It is discharged outside the machine. The moisture meter 11 collects a sample grain from the grain conveyed by the elevator 9 and determines that there is a grain, that is, a discharge operation. When there is no grain to be discharged and the moisture meter 11 detects that the sample grain cannot be collected for a set time (for example, 2 minutes), it is determined that there is no grain to be discharged, and the discharge operation is automatically stopped. Of course, the operator may stop the operation by operating the stop switch 24.
次に、重量計１２による特徴的な構成を説明する。 Next, a characteristic configuration of the weighing scale 12 will be described.
重量計１２の測定及び表示のタイミングについて説明する。
画面２８には、各種データが表示されるので、重量データも張込運転・乾燥運転・排出運転毎に適切なタイミングで表示されることが望ましい。オペレータが最も重量表示を頻繁に見る必要のある工程は張込運転時である。オペレータは張込重量を見ながら次に行うコンバイン等の収穫の作業工程を判断するためである。そのため、張込運転時には最も頻繁に重量計１２による測定データを表示する（例えば１０秒毎、又はリアルタイムで表示しても良い）。
The timing of measurement and display of the weighing scale 12 will be described.
Since various data are displayed on the screen 28, it is desirable to display the weight data at an appropriate timing for each of the tension operation, the drying operation, and the discharge operation. The process that the operator most often needs to look at the weight display is during the telescoping operation. This is because the operator determines the work process of harvesting such as combine to be performed next while observing the tension weight. Therefore, the measurement data by the weighing scale 12 is displayed most frequently during the tension operation (for example, it may be displayed every 10 seconds or in real time).
次に、オペレータが重量表示を見る必要がある工程は、排出運転である。排出運転時には、オペレータが排出完了までの残時間を推定するために残りの穀物重量を見るためである。もっとも、張込運転よりは見る頻度は小さいので張込運転よりは長い間隔で表示する（例えば３０秒毎）。 Next, the process in which the operator needs to see the weight display is the discharge operation. This is because, during the discharging operation, the operator looks at the remaining grain weight in order to estimate the remaining time until discharging is completed. However, since the frequency of viewing is lower than that of the tension operation, it is displayed at intervals longer than that of the tension operation (for example, every 30 seconds).
乾燥運転中は、オペレータが穀物乾燥機の前に居ないことが多いため、重量表示の間隔は長くても差し支えない（例えば１０分毎）。 During the drying operation, since the operator is often not in front of the grain dryer, the weight display interval may be long (for example, every 10 minutes).
このように、重量計１２の測定及び表示のタイミングを運転の工程毎に可変することで適切なタイミングで測定及び表示ができる。 In this way, the measurement and display timing of the weighing scale 12 can be varied for each operation process, whereby measurement and display can be performed at an appropriate timing.
次に、張込運転時の重量計１２の特徴について説明する。
前述の排出運転の自動停止又は、オペレータの停止による排出停止情報を制御部Ｓで記憶しておく。そして、次の張込運転の際に張込スイッチ２０を操作すると、重量計１２のデータをリセットする。本来、排出運転終了後には穀物が無いので重量計１２はゼロになるはずだが、実際には、穀物や塵埃等が箱体Ｈ内に残留している場合が多い。そのため、次回の乾燥運転の張込時には、重量計１２をリセットして重量測定を行うことで、実際の張込穀物の重量を測定することができる。張込運転中には、水分計１１が昇降機９で搬送される穀物からサンプル穀物を採取し、穀物有、即ち張込運転であることを判定する。通常、張込運転は、穀物を収穫する毎に張り込むので、１回の張込運転では張込運転は終了せず、複数回の張込運転を行う。この場合に、１回目の張込運転を終了すると、オペレータは停止スイッチ２４を操作して張込運転を停止する。そして、次に収穫した穀物を張り込む２回目の張込運転を行うために、張込スイッチ２０を操作した場合には、重量計１２の重量データは加算され、リセットしない。すなわち、水分計１１で張込運転中に穀物有を検出すると、以後の張込スイッチ２０の操作では重量計１２の重量データをリセットせず、前回測定した重量に加算される。これにより、オペレータは通常の張込運転で適切に重量測定を行うことができる。
Next, the characteristics of the weighing scale 12 during the tension operation will be described.
The control unit S stores the above-described automatic stop of the discharge operation or discharge stop information due to the stop of the operator. When the tension switch 20 is operated during the next tension operation, the data of the weigh scale 12 is reset. Originally, since there is no grain after the end of the discharge operation, the weight scale 12 should be zero, but actually, grain, dust, and the like often remain in the box H. Therefore, at the time of the next drying operation, the weight of the actual cereal grains can be measured by resetting the weighing scale 12 and performing the weight measurement. During the tension operation, the moisture meter 11 collects a sample grain from the grain conveyed by the elevator 9 and determines that the grain is present, that is, the tension operation. Normally, the tensioning operation is performed every time the grain is harvested, so that the tensioning operation is not terminated by one tensioning operation, and a plurality of tensioning operations are performed. In this case, when the first extension operation is completed, the operator operates the stop switch 24 to stop the extension operation. Then, when the tension switch 20 is operated in order to perform the second tensioning operation for pasting the harvested grain, the weight data of the weigh scale 12 is added and is not reset. That is, when the moisture meter 11 detects the presence of grain during the tension operation, the weight data of the weight meter 12 is not reset by the subsequent operation of the tension switch 20, but is added to the previously measured weight. As a result, the operator can appropriately measure the weight in a normal tension operation.
また、電源を入れた時に重量計１２で測定した時に、設定以上の重量（例えば１０ｋｇ）を検出した時には、残留物が残っている旨を画面に表示しても良い。 Further, when a weight exceeding the set value (for example, 10 kg) is detected when the weight is measured with the weighing scale 12 when the power is turned on, a message indicating that the residue remains may be displayed on the screen.
残留物とは、例えば、下部ラセン８や上部ラセン１０、ロータリバルブ７や昇降機９に残留する穀物や、排風室６に残留する塵埃がある。 The residue includes, for example, grains remaining in the lower spiral 8, the upper spiral 10, the rotary valve 7 and the elevator 9, and dust remaining in the exhaust chamber 6.
また、張込運転中に、循環機構Jを駆動する駆動モータ１９の負荷電流値が穀物の搬送を判断できる負荷電流値を示しているにもかかわらず、重量計１２の重量データの増加が少ない場合には重量計１２の異常、又は設置不備と判定することができる。 In addition, during the tension operation, the weight data of the weigh scale 12 is little increased even though the load current value of the drive motor 19 that drives the circulation mechanism J indicates the load current value that can determine the grain conveyance. In this case, it can be determined that the weighing scale 12 is abnormal or incompletely installed.
次に、燃焼バーナ１７を燃焼させない非乾燥運転時の重量計１２に基づく制御特徴について以下説明する。 Next, control features based on the weight scale 12 during non-drying operation in which the combustion burner 17 is not burned will be described below.
乾燥開始から中間水分値（例えば１８％ 図９でいう「設定水分値」）まで乾燥運転を行った後、図９に示すように一旦乾燥運転を停止する休止乾燥を行う時がある。特に、収穫及び張込運転が終了して夜に中間水分値まで乾燥運転を行い、夜中（例えば午前０時頃から明け方）に休止乾燥をするケースがある。この場合に、外気湿度が高いと張込穀物が必要以上に湿気を吸湿し、それをそのまま放置すると穀物の品質劣化につながる可能性がある。この吸湿の度合いは外観からは分かりにくく、また、特に夜中の休止においては、オペレータにとって分かりにくい。 After the drying operation is performed from the start of drying to an intermediate moisture value (for example, 18% “set moisture value” in FIG. 9), there may be a case where the drying operation is temporarily stopped as shown in FIG. In particular, there is a case where after the harvesting and stretching operation is finished, the drying operation is performed to the intermediate moisture value at night, and the drying is paused in the middle of the night (for example, from about midnight). In this case, if the outside air humidity is high, the stretched grain absorbs moisture more than necessary, and if it is left as it is, the quality of the grain may be deteriorated. The degree of moisture absorption is difficult to understand from the appearance, and it is difficult for the operator to understand, especially during the nighttime pause.
そこで、制御部Ｓは休止乾燥開始時点の穀物重量を記憶し、休止乾燥から設定時間（例えば３時間）経過した時に、重量計が設定以上の重量の増加を測定すると、必要以上の吸湿がなされたと判定し、その旨を報知する。本実施の形態では張込穀物の重量の２％以上の増加を検出した時に、報知する。図８の場合には、１８％時点で張込穀物の重量が４６００ｋｇだとすると、９２ｋｇの増加、すなわち、休止乾燥開始から３時間経過後に４６９２ｋｇ以上を検出すると、その旨を報知する。 Therefore, the control unit S stores the grain weight at the start of the rest drying, and when a set time (for example, 3 hours) has passed since the rest drying, the weight meter measures an increase in weight more than the set, and the moisture absorption is more than necessary. It is determined that it has occurred, and the fact is notified. In this embodiment, a notification is given when an increase of 2% or more in the weight of the cereal grains is detected. In the case of FIG. 8, if the weight of the cereal grain is 4600 kg at 18%, an increase of 92 kg, that is, 4692 kg or more after 3 hours from the start of rest drying is detected.
報知の方法は、具体的には、乾燥機とオペレータの携帯端末Ｋを通信で接続し、前述の吸湿の情報を制御部Ｓから携帯端末Ｋにメールで報知する（サーバは図示省略）。オペレータは、その場合に、乾燥機に行って、必要な処置をとることができる。例えば、弱火の燃焼で設定時間（例えば１時間）、乾燥運転をおこなったり、通風スイッチを操作して通風運転を行うことにより、吸湿による穀物の蒸れを低減することができる。もちろん、前記の吸湿を判定しても、休止乾燥時間が終了し、図９に示すように水分計１１に基づく乾燥運転が再開すれば、報知する必要が無い。 Specifically, the notification method connects the dryer and the portable terminal K of the operator by communication, and notifies the above-mentioned moisture absorption information from the control unit S to the portable terminal K by mail (the server is not shown). The operator can then go to the dryer and take the necessary action. For example, the steaming of grains due to moisture absorption can be reduced by performing a drying operation for a set time (for example, 1 hour) by low-firing combustion, or by operating a ventilation switch by operating a ventilation switch. Of course, even if the moisture absorption is determined, there is no need to notify if the rest drying time ends and the drying operation based on the moisture meter 11 resumes as shown in FIG.
休止乾燥の代わりに通風運転を行う場合にも同様に、中間水分値に到達後、通風運転に移行した後、前述の吸湿を検出すると報知がなされる。 Similarly, when the ventilation operation is performed instead of the pause drying, the notification is made when the moisture absorption is detected after the transition to the ventilation operation after reaching the intermediate moisture value.
他にも例えば、前述の１回目の張込運転を終了した後、２回目の張込運転を行うまでに通風運転を行うことがあるが、この時にも適用しても良い。 In addition, for example, the ventilation operation may be performed after the first tensioning operation is completed and before the second tensioning operation is performed.
さらに、他にも、前述の目標水分値まで乾燥運転を行い、電源入りの状態で穀物を乾燥機内に一時的に保管している場合にも前記吸湿の報知を適用しても良い。この場合には、前述の追い乾燥運転を行うことで吸湿を解消することができる。 In addition, the moisture absorption notification may be applied even when the drying operation is performed up to the target moisture value described above and the grain is temporarily stored in the dryer with the power on. In this case, moisture absorption can be eliminated by performing the additional drying operation described above.
非乾燥運転時の張込穀物の重量増加でも吸湿と判定しない場合がある。例えば、短時間内（例えば１分内）に急激に重量が設定以上（例えば１０ｋｇ以上）増加した場合である。これは、例えばオペレータが点検等のため、乾燥機の天井に上った場合や、工具類を乾燥機の天井ｔに載せた場合等、湿度による重量の増加と判定できない場合である。これらの場合には、当該重量を無視する。前記の１８％時点で張込穀物の重量が４６００ｋｇで、それから休止乾燥を行う場合に、体重８０ｋｇのオペレータが１０ｋｇの工具箱を持参して天井ｔに上った場合、９０ｋｇが短時間で増加してもその値は記憶するが、吸湿の判定の対象にしないようにする。そして、工具箱を天井に載置したままオペレータが天井から降りた場合に、８０ｋｇが減算されるが１０ｋｇの工具については記憶され、その分は、吸湿の重量からカウントしない処理を行う。これにより、外乱による重量の変動を適切に処理することができる。 Even if the weight of the cereal grains during non-drying operation is increased, it may not be determined as moisture absorption. For example, this is a case where the weight suddenly increases more than a set value (for example, 10 kg or more) within a short time (for example, within 1 minute). This is a case where it cannot be determined that the weight has increased due to humidity, for example, when the operator goes up to the ceiling of the dryer for inspection, or when tools are placed on the ceiling t of the dryer. In these cases, the weight is ignored. When the weight of the cereal grain is 4600 kg at the time of 18%, and then the drying is paused, if an operator weighing 80 kg brings a 10 kg tool box and climbs to the ceiling t, 90 kg increases in a short time. Even if the value is memorized, it is not set as a target for moisture absorption. Then, when the operator gets off the ceiling with the tool box placed on the ceiling, 80 kg is subtracted, but the 10 kg tool is stored, and the processing for not counting from the weight of moisture absorption is performed. Thereby, the fluctuation | variation of the weight by disturbance can be processed appropriately.
１ 貯留室
２ 乾燥室
１１ 水分計
１２ 重量計
２５ 目標水分設定スイッチ
３０ 設定水分値設定手段
Ｓ 制御部
Ｋ 携帯端末
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Storage chamber 2 Drying chamber 11 Moisture meter 12 Weigh scale 25 Target moisture setting switch 30 Setting moisture value setting means S Control part K Portable terminal
Claims (6)
非乾燥運転時に、穀物重量が設定以上増加をしたことを重量計が測定すると、張込穀物が外気湿度から吸湿したと判定し、その旨を報知する制御部を備えたことを特徴とする穀物乾燥機。 In a grain dryer comprising a storage chamber for cereals, a drying chamber for drying cereals, and a weigh scale for detecting the weight of the cereals,
Grain characterized by having a control unit that determines that the cereal grain has absorbed moisture from the outside humidity when the weigh scale measures that the grain weight has increased more than the set value during non-drying operation, and notifies that fact. Dryer.
張込運転終了後に張込穀物の重量の測定結果を記憶し、張込運転終了後に通風運転を行った場合に、通風運転の開始から設定時間経過後に設定重量以上増加をしたことを測定すると、張込穀物が外気湿度から吸湿したと判定し、その旨を報知する制御部を備えたことを特徴とする穀物乾燥機。 In a grain dryer comprising a storage chamber for cereals, a drying chamber for drying cereals, and a weigh scale for detecting the weight of the cereals,
When the measurement result of the weight of the cereal grain is memorized after the end of the tension operation, and when the ventilation operation is performed after the end of the tension operation, it is measured that the set weight has been increased after the set time has elapsed since the start of the ventilation operation. A grain dryer characterized by comprising a control unit that determines that the cereal grains have absorbed moisture from the outside air humidity and notifies that effect.
設定水分値に到達するまで乾燥運転を行った後、休止乾燥を行い、次いで目標水分値まで乾燥運転を行う場合に、休止乾燥開始時の張込穀物の重量を記憶し、休止乾燥開始から設定時間経過後に、穀物重量が設定以上増加をしたことを重量計が測定すると、張込穀物が外気湿度から吸湿したと判定し、その旨を報知する制御部を備えたことを特徴とする穀物乾燥機。 In a grain dryer comprising a storage chamber for cereals, a drying chamber for drying cereals, and a weigh scale for detecting the weight of the cereals,
After performing the drying operation until the set moisture value is reached, when the drying operation is performed to the target moisture value and then the drying operation is performed until the target moisture value is stored, the weight of the stretched grain at the start of the pause drying is stored and set from the start of the pause drying. Grain drying characterized by having a control unit that determines that the cereal grain has absorbed moisture from the outside humidity when the weigh scale measures that the grain weight has increased more than the set value after a lapse of time, and notifies that fact. Machine.
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