JP6572113B2 - Power consumption control device and power consumption control method - Google Patents
Power consumption control device and power consumption control method Download PDFInfo
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- JP6572113B2 JP6572113B2 JP2015234127A JP2015234127A JP6572113B2 JP 6572113 B2 JP6572113 B2 JP 6572113B2 JP 2015234127 A JP2015234127 A JP 2015234127A JP 2015234127 A JP2015234127 A JP 2015234127A JP 6572113 B2 JP6572113 B2 JP 6572113B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/242—Home appliances
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- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Description
本発明の実施形態は、電力系統に接続された電力需要家（一般家庭を含む）に設置された電気機器の消費電力制御装置および消費電力制御方法に関する。 Embodiments described herein relate generally to a power consumption control device and a power consumption control method for an electrical device installed in a power consumer (including a general household) connected to a power system.
送電線および配電線は、電力需給の状況に応じて電圧が変化する。従来は、発電所や送配電設備で無効電力を調整し、電圧を調整していた。近年、風力発電や太陽光発電など、電圧変動の要因となる再生可能エネルギーの増加および分散配置に伴い、発電所や送配電設備だけで電圧を調整することが困難になりつつある。将来、電力系統内の再生可能エネルギー比率が更に増加すると、特に、需要家受電端での電圧を調整できなくなるおそれがある。 The voltage of the power transmission line and the distribution line changes depending on the power supply / demand situation. In the past, reactive power was adjusted at power plants and transmission / distribution facilities to adjust the voltage. In recent years, it has become difficult to adjust the voltage only with a power plant or a power transmission / distribution facility due to an increase in the renewable energy that causes voltage fluctuations such as wind power generation and solar power generation and a distributed arrangement. If the renewable energy ratio in the power system further increases in the future, the voltage at the consumer receiving end may not be adjusted.
太陽光発電の場合、発電出力の増加に伴い、電圧が上昇するため、特に、配電系統の末端では、発電出力を絞らなければならず、太陽光発電設備の利用率が低下するという問題がある。そのため、需要家端の電圧を調整する技術が求められている。 In the case of photovoltaic power generation, the voltage increases as the power generation output increases, so the power generation output must be reduced, especially at the end of the distribution system, and the utilization rate of solar power generation equipment is reduced. . Therefore, a technique for adjusting the voltage at the consumer end is required.
風力発電、太陽光発電などの再生可能エネルギーは、気象状況に応じて出力が変動し、出力変動に伴い、送配電線の電圧が変動する。特に、太陽光発電は、需要家または需要家近傍に設置されることが多く、太陽光発電の出力変動に伴い、需要家の受電端電圧が変動するという問題がある。風力発電、太陽光発電は、分散設置されることが多いため、変電所、開閉所等の送配電設備で各需要家の受電端電圧を調整することも難しい。 The output of renewable energy such as wind power generation and solar power generation varies depending on weather conditions, and the voltage of the transmission and distribution lines varies with the output variation. In particular, solar power generation is often installed at or near the customer, and there is a problem that the receiving end voltage of the consumer fluctuates as the output of the solar power generation fluctuates. Since wind power generation and solar power generation are often installed in a distributed manner, it is difficult to adjust the receiving end voltage of each consumer with power transmission and distribution facilities such as substations and switch stations.
また、太陽光発電の場合、受電端電圧がある値を超えると、電圧上昇を防ぐために、発電出力を絞ったり、停止したりする機能が備えられている。そのため、天気が良く、多くの太陽光発電設備が大きな出力を発生している場合、配電系統の末端に近いほど、電圧上昇が大きくなり、天気が良いほど発電電力量が減るという問題を生ずるおそれがある。 In the case of photovoltaic power generation, a function is provided for reducing or stopping the power generation output in order to prevent a voltage increase when the receiving end voltage exceeds a certain value. Therefore, when the weather is good and many photovoltaic power generation facilities generate a large output, the closer to the end of the power distribution system, the higher the voltage rises, and the better the weather, there is a risk that the amount of generated power decreases. There is.
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、需要家の消費電力を電圧に応じて制御し、送配電系統の電圧変動を抑制し、電圧を安定化させることができる消費電力制御装置および消費電力制御方法を提供することにある。 Problems to be solved by the present invention are a power consumption control device and a power consumption control method capable of controlling power consumption of a consumer according to voltage, suppressing voltage fluctuation of a power transmission and distribution system, and stabilizing voltage. Is to provide.
実施形態の消費電力制御装置は、電力系統に接続された電力需要家の消費電力目標値を設定する消費電力目標値設定手段と、消費電力調定率を設定する調定率設定手段と、前記電力需要家内の配電系統の電圧を測定する電圧測定手段と、前記調定率設定手段により設定した消費電力調定率と前記電圧測定手段により測定した電圧測定値と前記消費電力目標値設定手段により設定した消費電力目標値とから消費電力指令値を求める消費電力指令値演算手段と、前記消費電力指令値演算手段により求めた消費電力指令値を出力する消費電力指令値出力手段とを具備する。 The power consumption control apparatus of the embodiment includes a power consumption target value setting means for setting a power consumption target value of a power consumer connected to the power system, a settling rate setting means for setting a power consumption settling rate, and the power demand Voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of the distribution system in the house, power consumption setting rate set by the setting rate setting means , voltage measurement value measured by the voltage measuring means, and power consumption set by the power consumption target value setting means A power consumption command value calculating means for obtaining a power consumption command value from the target value; and a power consumption command value output means for outputting the power consumption command value obtained by the power consumption command value calculating means.
電力系統の電圧調整を担う特殊な機器を設置することなく、需要家の消費電力を電圧に応じて制御し、送配電系統の電圧変動を抑制し、電圧を安定化させることができる。 Without installing a special device for adjusting the voltage of the power system, the power consumption of the consumer can be controlled according to the voltage, voltage fluctuation of the power transmission and distribution system can be suppressed, and the voltage can be stabilized.
以下、実施の形態について、図面を参照して説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.
［第１の実施形態］
最初に、第１の実施形態について説明する。
図１は、第１の実施形態によるシステム構成の例（消費電力制御装置を分電盤外部に設置した例）を示す図である。図２は、同実施形態の消費電力制御装置の内部構成例を示す図である。
[First Embodiment]
First, the first embodiment will be described.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system configuration according to the first embodiment (an example in which a power consumption control device is installed outside a distribution board). FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration example of the power consumption control device of the embodiment.
図１は、電力系統に接続された電力需要家内の配電系統１１に、開閉装置１３を介して電力消費手段が接続され、電力消費手段が電灯２１、テレビ２２、冷蔵庫２３およびエアコン３１で、消費電力制御装置４０を分電盤１２の外部に設置した例を示している。電力消費手段は、一般的に、コンセント等の接続手段を介して配電線に接続されるが、接続手段の図は省略している。 In FIG. 1, a power consuming means is connected to a distribution system 11 in a power consumer connected to the power system via a switchgear 13, and the power consuming means is a light 21, a television 22, a refrigerator 23, and an air conditioner 31. The example which installed the electric power control apparatus 40 in the exterior of the distribution board 12 is shown. The power consuming means is generally connected to the distribution line via connection means such as an outlet, but the illustration of the connection means is omitted.
図２は、本発明による消費電力制御装置の内部構成例を記した図である。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the internal configuration of the power consumption control apparatus according to the present invention.
消費電力制御装置４０は、図２に示すように、電力需要家の消費電力目標値（例えば、温水器用加熱装置３６に対する消費電力目標値、およびエアコンに対する消費電力目標値）をそれぞれ設定する消費電力目標値設定部５１，５２と、配電系統１１の電気量（例えば電圧）を入力し、入力した電気量から電圧測定値を求めることによって配電系統１１の電圧を測定する電圧測定部４２と、配電系統１１の電気量（例えば電流）を入力し、入力した電気量から電流測定値を求めることによって配電系統１１の電流を測定する電流測定部４６と、電圧測定部４２により測定した電圧測定値および電流測定部４６により測定した電流測定値から消費電力指令値をそれぞれ求める消費電力指令値演算部４３１，４３２と、消費電力指令値演算部４３１，４３２によりそれぞれ求めた消費電力指令値を出力する消費電力指令値出力部４５１，４５２と、を有する。 As shown in FIG. 2, the power consumption control device 40 sets power consumption target values (for example, a power consumption target value for the water heater 36 and a power consumption target value for the air conditioner) for the power consumer. A target value setting unit 51, 52, a voltage measuring unit 42 for measuring the voltage of the distribution system 11 by inputting a quantity of electricity (for example, voltage) of the distribution system 11, and obtaining a voltage measurement value from the inputted quantity of electricity; An electric quantity (for example, current) of the system 11 is input, and a current measurement unit 46 that measures the current of the distribution system 11 by obtaining a current measurement value from the input electric quantity; a voltage measurement value that is measured by the voltage measurement unit 42; The power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432 for obtaining the power consumption command values from the current measurement values measured by the current measurement unit 46, and the power consumption command value calculation unit 43, respectively. , Having a power consumption command value output unit 451 and 452 for outputting the power instruction value determined respectively by 432.
各構成要素は、機能単位に構成を示したものであり、実際の装置においては、一つの機能が複数の要素から構成されても良いし、複数の機能が一つの構成要素に含まれていても良い。図２では、消費電力目標値設定部が電力制御装置に内蔵されている例を示したが、消費電力目標値設定部は、消費電力制御装置の外部にあっても良い。 Each component is configured in functional units. In an actual device, one function may be composed of a plurality of elements, or a plurality of functions are included in one component. Also good. Although FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which the power consumption target value setting unit is built in the power control apparatus, the power consumption target value setting unit may be provided outside the power consumption control apparatus.
電圧測定部４２は、配電系統１１の電圧測定値を取得し、消費電力指令値演算部４３１，４３２にそれぞれ出力する。電流測定部４６は、配電系統１１の電流測定値を取得し、消費電力指令値演算部４３１，４３２にそれぞれ出力する。消費電力目標値設定部５１，５２は、手動または自動で設定した消費電力目標値を消費電力指令値演算部４３１，４３２へそれぞれ出力する。消費電力指令値演算部４３１，４３２は、電圧測定値と消費電力目標値とから消費電力指令値をそれぞれ求め、消費電力指令値出力部４５１，５４２へそれぞれ出力する。消費電力指令値出力部４５１，５４２は、消費電力指令値を電気機器の制御部（例えば、温水器用加熱装置３６の温水器用加熱装置制御部３７、およびエアコン３１のエアコン制御部３２）へそれぞれ出力する。すなわち、図１、図２は、温水器用加熱装置３６の消費電力指令値とエアコン３１の消費電力指令値の２種類の消費電力指令値を出力する例を示している。なお、温水器用加熱装置３６は、例えば、電熱器やヒートポンプを用いることができる。 The voltage measurement unit 42 acquires a voltage measurement value of the distribution system 11 and outputs the voltage measurement value to the power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432, respectively. The current measurement unit 46 acquires a current measurement value of the power distribution system 11 and outputs it to the power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432, respectively. The power consumption target value setting units 51 and 52 output the power consumption target values set manually or automatically to the power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432, respectively. The power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432 obtain power consumption command values from the measured voltage value and the power consumption target value, respectively, and output them to the power consumption command value output units 451 and 542, respectively. The power consumption command value output units 451 and 542 output the power consumption command values to control units of the electrical equipment (for example, the water heater heating device control unit 37 of the water heater heating device 36 and the air conditioner control unit 32 of the air conditioner 31), respectively. To do. That is, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an example of outputting two types of power consumption command values, that is, a power consumption command value of the water heater heating device 36 and a power consumption command value of the air conditioner 31. In addition, the heating apparatus 36 for water heaters can use an electric heater and a heat pump, for example.
次に、消費電力指令値演算部４３１，４３２の演算方法の一例を具体的な数値例を用いて説明する。 Next, an example of the calculation method of the power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432 will be described using specific numerical examples.
便宜上、電気回路には、損失がないものとして、図１、図２に示した各要素が以下の状態である場合について説明する。また、消費電力は、有効電力のみでも、無効電力のみでも、皮相電力（有効電力と無効電力の和）でも良い。ここでは、消費電力が皮相電力（ＶＡ）の場合について説明する。なお、無効電力分は、消費されないが、ここでは、電気機器が使用する無効電力分を含め、消費電力と称する。 For convenience, it is assumed that there is no loss in the electric circuit, and the case where each element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is in the following state will be described. The power consumption may be active power alone, reactive power alone, or apparent power (sum of active power and reactive power). Here, a case where the power consumption is apparent power (VA) will be described. The reactive power is not consumed, but here, the reactive power including the reactive power used by the electrical equipment is referred to as power consumption.
電灯 ：１００ＶＡ
テレビ ：２００ＶＡ
冷蔵庫 ：３００ＶＡ
エアコン ：４００ＶＡ
温水器用加熱装置：５００ＶＡ
エアコンの消費電力目標値 ：４００ＶＡ
温水器用加熱装置の消費電力目標値：５００ＶＡ
図３は、エアコンの消費電力目標値と電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関数を示す図であり、消費電力目標値が４００ＶＡの場合の例を示している。図４は、温水器用加熱装置の消費電力目標値と電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関数を示す図であり、基準電圧が１００Ｖ、消費電力目標値が５００ＶＡの場合の例を示している。
Electric light: 100VA
TV: 200VA
Refrigerator: 300VA
Air conditioner: 400VA
Heating device for water heater: 500VA
Air conditioner power consumption target value: 400VA
Power consumption target value of heating device for water heater: 500VA
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a function of the power consumption target value, voltage measurement value, and power consumption command value of the air conditioner, and shows an example in the case where the power consumption target value is 400 VA. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a function of the power consumption target value, the voltage measurement value, and the power consumption command value of the heating device for a water heater, and shows an example in which the reference voltage is 100 V and the power consumption target value is 500 VA.
消費電力指令値は、電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関係を示す線（太線）と電圧測定値の線（横軸）が交わる点の値になる。電圧測定値が１００Ｖの場合、電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関係を示す線（太線）と電圧測定値の線（横軸）が交わる点の消費電力指令値は、エアコンが４００ＶＡ、温水器用加熱装置が５００ＶＡである。電圧測定値１００Ｖで基準電圧と同一なので、各々の消費電力指令値は、各々の消費電力目標値と同一の値になる。 The power consumption command value is a value at a point where a line (thick line) indicating a relationship between the voltage measurement value and the power consumption command value intersects with a voltage measurement value line (horizontal axis). When the voltage measurement value is 100 V, the power consumption command value at the point where the line (thick line) indicating the relationship between the voltage measurement value and the power consumption command value intersects with the voltage measurement value line (horizontal axis) is 400 VA for air conditioners and for water heaters The heating device is 500VA. Since the voltage measurement value 100V is the same as the reference voltage, each power consumption command value is the same value as each power consumption target value.
電圧測定値が１０２Ｖに変化すると、電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関係を示す線（太線）と電圧測定値１０２Ｖの線（横軸）が交わる点の消費電力指令値は、エアコンが５６０ＶＡ、温水器用加熱装置が７００ＶＡである。消費電力指令値どおりにエアコンおよび温水器用加熱装置の消費電力が制御されると、消費電力が消費電力目標値よりも大きくなり、電力系統の電圧上昇抑制に寄与する。 When the voltage measurement value changes to 102V, the power consumption command value at the point where the line (thick line) indicating the relationship between the voltage measurement value and the power consumption command value intersects the voltage measurement value 102V line (horizontal axis) is 560VA for the air conditioner. The heater for the water heater is 700VA. When the power consumption of the heating device for the air conditioner and the water heater is controlled according to the power consumption command value, the power consumption becomes larger than the power consumption target value, which contributes to the suppression of voltage rise in the power system.
電圧測定値が９８Ｖに変化すると、電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関係を示す線（太線）と電圧測定値９８Ｖの線（横軸）が交わる点の消費電力指令値は、エアコンが２４０ＶＡ、温水器用加熱装置が３００ＶＡである。消費電力指令値どおりにエアコンおよび温水器用加熱装置の消費電力が制御されると、消費電力が消費電力目標値よりも小さくなり、電力系統の電圧低下抑制に寄与する。 When the voltage measurement value changes to 98V, the power consumption command value at the point where the line (thick line) indicating the relationship between the voltage measurement value and the power consumption command value intersects the voltage measurement value 98V line (horizontal axis) is 240VA for the air conditioner. The heater for the water heater is 300VA. When the power consumption of the heating device for the air conditioner and the water heater is controlled according to the power consumption command value, the power consumption becomes smaller than the power consumption target value, which contributes to the suppression of voltage drop in the power system.
図５は、温水器用加熱装置の消費電力目標値が６００ＶＡの場合の例を示している。この例では、電圧測定値が１０２Ｖの場合の消費電力指令値は、８００ＶＡである。電圧測定値が９８Ｖの場合の消費電力指令値は、４００ＶＡである。 FIG. 5 shows an example in which the power consumption target value of the heating device for a water heater is 600 VA. In this example, the power consumption command value when the voltage measurement value is 102 V is 800 VA. The power consumption command value when the voltage measurement value is 98 V is 400 VA.
図６は、温水器用加熱装置の消費電力目標値が２００ＶＡの場合の例を示している。この例では、電圧測定値が１０２Ｖの場合の消費電力指令値は、４００ＶＡである。電圧測定値が９８Ｖの場合の消費電力指令値は、０ＶＡである。 FIG. 6 shows an example in which the power consumption target value of the heating device for a water heater is 200 VA. In this example, the power consumption command value when the voltage measurement value is 102 V is 400 VA. The power consumption command value when the voltage measurement value is 98 V is 0 VA.
上述のとおり、電圧測定値が基準電圧であれば、消費電力指令値は、消費電力目標値と同一の値で一定となり、電力系統の電圧安定化に寄与する。電圧測定値が基準電圧よりも大きい場合は、基準電圧と電圧測定値の差に応じて、消費電力指令値が大きくなり、電力系統の電圧上昇抑制に寄与する。電圧測定値が基準電圧よりも小さい場合は、基準電圧と電圧測定値の差に応じて、消費電力指令値が小さくなり、電力系統の電圧低下抑制に寄与する。 As described above, when the voltage measurement value is the reference voltage, the power consumption command value is constant at the same value as the power consumption target value, which contributes to voltage stabilization of the power system. When the voltage measurement value is larger than the reference voltage, the power consumption command value increases according to the difference between the reference voltage and the voltage measurement value, which contributes to suppression of voltage rise in the power system. When the voltage measurement value is smaller than the reference voltage, the power consumption command value is reduced according to the difference between the reference voltage and the voltage measurement value, which contributes to suppression of voltage drop in the power system.
図１〜６の例では、エアコン用の消費電力目標値設定部、消費電力指令値演算部、消費電力指令値出力部と温水器用加熱装置用の消費電力目標値設定部、消費電力指令値演算部、消費電力指令値出力部が分かれている例を説明したが、消費電力目標値設定部、消費電力指令値演算部、消費電力指令値出力部の全てまたは一部がエアコン用と温水器用加熱装置用とで共通でも良い。 In the examples of FIGS. 1 to 6, a power consumption target value setting unit for an air conditioner, a power consumption command value calculation unit, a power consumption command value output unit, a power consumption target value setting unit for a heating device for a water heater, and a power consumption command value calculation However, the power consumption target value setting unit, the power consumption command value calculation unit, and the power consumption command value output unit are all or partly heated for air conditioners and water heaters. It may be common for the device.
図３〜６の例では、消費電力目標値と電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関数（グラフ）から消費電力指令値を求める方法を説明したが、関数（グラフ）の代わりに、計算式、数値表、数値列などから消費電力指令値を求めても良い。また、図３〜６の例では、電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関数は、直線であるが、電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関数は、折れ線でも良いし、曲線でも良い。 In the examples of FIGS. 3 to 6, the method of obtaining the power consumption command value from the function (graph) of the power consumption target value, the voltage measurement value, and the power consumption command value has been described. The power consumption command value may be obtained from a numerical table, a numerical string, or the like. In the examples of FIGS. 3 to 6, the function of the voltage measurement value and the power consumption command value is a straight line, but the function of the voltage measurement value and the power consumption command value may be a broken line or a curve.
第１の実施形態によれば、配電系統、電力系統の電圧が基準電圧よりも高い場合は、電気機器の消費電力を増やし、配電系統、電力系統の電圧上昇を抑制することができる。また、配電系統、電力系統の電圧が基準電圧よりも低い場合は、電気機器の消費電力を減らし、配電系統、電力系統の電圧低下を抑制することができる。また、第１の実施形態によれば、電力系統の電圧調整を担う特殊な機器を設置することなく、電気機器の消費電力調整により電圧変動を抑制でき、配電系統の電圧安定化に寄与することができる。 According to the first embodiment, when the voltage of the power distribution system and the power system is higher than the reference voltage, it is possible to increase the power consumption of the electrical equipment and suppress the voltage increase of the power distribution system and the power system. Moreover, when the voltage of a power distribution system and a power system is lower than a reference voltage, the power consumption of an electric equipment can be reduced and the voltage drop of a power distribution system and a power system can be suppressed. Moreover, according to 1st Embodiment, without installing the special apparatus which bears the voltage adjustment of an electric power grid | system, voltage fluctuation can be suppressed by the power consumption adjustment of an electric equipment, and it contributes to the voltage stabilization of a distribution system. Can do.
［第２の実施形態］
次に、第２の実施形態について説明する。
図７は、第２の実施形態によるシステム構成の例（消費電力制御装置を分電盤に内蔵した例）を示す図である。図８は、同実施形態の消費電力制御装置の内部構成例を示す図である。
[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment will be described.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system configuration according to the second embodiment (an example in which a power consumption control device is built in a distribution board). FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration example of the power consumption control device of the embodiment.
図７、図８は、消費電力設定値の代わりに消費電力指令値を用い、電圧から電圧測定値を求め、消費電力調定率設定部を追加した例で、消費電力制御装置を分電盤内に内蔵した例を示している。ここでは、消費電力目標値設定部、消費電力指令値演算部、消費電力指令値出力部、消費電力調定率設定部が、エアコン用と温水器用加熱装置用で共通の場合の例を示している。なお、図７の例では、消費電力目標値をスマートメータ経由で消費電力制御装置に入力しているが、消費電力目標値は、スマートメータを経由せずに、直接、消費電力制御装置に入力されても良いし、スマートメータ以外の機器を経由して入力されても良い。 7 and 8 are examples in which the power consumption command value is used instead of the power consumption setting value, the voltage measurement value is obtained from the voltage, and the power consumption adjustment rate setting unit is added. Shows an example built-in. Here, an example is shown in which the power consumption target value setting unit, the power consumption command value calculation unit, the power consumption command value output unit, and the power consumption regulation rate setting unit are common to the air conditioner and the water heater heating device. . In the example of FIG. 7, the power consumption target value is input to the power consumption control device via the smart meter. However, the power consumption target value is directly input to the power consumption control device without passing through the smart meter. It may be input via a device other than the smart meter.
消費電力制御装置４０は、図８に示すように、電力需要家の消費電力目標値を入力し、入力した消費電力目標値を設定する消費電力目標値設定部５３と、配電系統１１の電圧を測定する電圧測定部４２と、配電系統１１の電流を測定する電流測定部４６と、消費電力調定率を設定する調定率設定部４４と、調定率設定部４４で設定した消費電力調定率と電圧測定部４２により測定した電圧測定値および電流測定部４６により測定した電流測定値と消費電力目標値設定部５３により設定した消費電力目標値とから消費電力指令値を演算する消費電力指令値演算部４３と、消費電力指令値演算部４３より求めた消費電力指令値を出力する消費電力指令値出力部４５と、を有する。消費電力目標値設定部５３、消費電力指令値演算部４３、消費電力調定率設定部４４、消費電力指令値出力部４５は、エアコン用と温水器用加熱装置用で共通に使用される。 As shown in FIG. 8, the power consumption control device 40 receives the power consumption target value of the power consumer, sets the input power consumption target value, and sets the voltage of the distribution system 11. Voltage measuring unit 42 for measuring, current measuring unit 46 for measuring the current of the distribution system 11, a setting rate setting unit 44 for setting a power consumption setting rate, and a power consumption setting rate and voltage set by the setting rate setting unit 44 A power consumption command value calculation unit that calculates a power consumption command value from the voltage measurement value measured by the measurement unit 42, the current measurement value measured by the current measurement unit 46, and the power consumption target value set by the power consumption target value setting unit 53 43, and a power consumption command value output unit 45 that outputs a power consumption command value obtained from the power consumption command value calculation unit 43. The power consumption target value setting unit 53, the power consumption command value calculation unit 43, the power consumption regulation rate setting unit 44, and the power consumption command value output unit 45 are commonly used for the air conditioner and the water heater heating device.
なお、図８では、消費電力調定率設定部が消費電力制御装置に内蔵されているが、消費電力調定率設定部は、消費電力制御装置の外部にあっても良い。 In FIG. 8, the power consumption setting rate setting unit is built in the power consumption control device, but the power consumption setting rate setting unit may be provided outside the power consumption control device.
消費電力指令値演算部４３は、電圧から求めた電圧測定値と、スマートメータ５０から消費電力目標値設定部５３に入力されて設定された消費電力指令値（消費電力目標値）とを用いて、消費電力指令値を求める。また、消費電力指令値演算部４３は、消費電力調定率設定部４４で設定された消費電力調定率設定値に応じて、演算時に用いる関数の係数（傾き）を変える機能を有する。消費電力調定率は、例えば、以下の式で表される。
消費電力調定率（％）
＝［（Ｖ２−Ｖ１）／基準電圧］／［（Ｐ２−Ｐ１）／最大出力］×１００（％）
Ｐ１＝電圧Ｖ１における消費電力
Ｐ２＝電圧Ｖ２における消費電力
図３〜図６は、消費電力調定率設定値が１０％の例を示している。例えば、消費電力調定率設定値が５％の場合、電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関係を示す線（太線）の傾きは、図３〜図６に比べ２倍になる。例えば、消費電力調定率設定値が２０％の場合、電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関係を示す線（太線）の傾きは、図３〜図６に比べ１／２になる。
The power consumption command value calculation unit 43 uses the voltage measurement value obtained from the voltage and the power consumption command value (power consumption target value) set by being input from the smart meter 50 to the power consumption target value setting unit 53. The power consumption command value is obtained. Further, the power consumption command value calculation unit 43 has a function of changing a coefficient (slope) of a function used at the time of calculation according to the power consumption adjustment rate setting value set by the power consumption adjustment rate setting unit 44. The power consumption adjustment rate is expressed by the following equation, for example.
Power consumption rate (%)
= [(V2−V1) / reference voltage] / [(P2−P1) / maximum output] × 100 (%)
P1 = Power Consumption at Voltage V1 P2 = Power Consumption at Voltage V2 FIGS. 3 to 6 show examples in which the power consumption adjustment rate setting value is 10%. For example, when the power consumption adjustment rate setting value is 5%, the slope of the line (thick line) indicating the relationship between the voltage measurement value and the power consumption command value is doubled compared to FIGS. For example, when the power consumption regulation rate setting value is 20%, the slope of the line (thick line) indicating the relationship between the voltage measurement value and the power consumption command value is ½ compared to FIGS.
図３〜図６および上式の例では、電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関数は、直線であるが、電圧測定値と消費電力指令値の関数は、折れ線でも良いし、曲線でも良い。 In the example of FIGS. 3 to 6 and the above formula, the function of the voltage measurement value and the power consumption command value is a straight line, but the function of the voltage measurement value and the power consumption command value may be a broken line or a curve.
消費電力指令値演算部での演算方法の一例は、消費電力設定値の代わりに消費電力指令値と電圧から求めた電圧測定値を用いることを除き、第１の実施形態と同一である。 An example of a calculation method in the power consumption command value calculation unit is the same as that in the first embodiment except that a voltage measurement value obtained from the power consumption command value and the voltage is used instead of the power consumption setting value.
第２の実施形態によれば、スマートメータ５０を備えた設備においても、その機能を利用した消費電力制御を行うことができ、第１の実施形態と同様の効果を得ることができる。 According to the second embodiment, even in a facility equipped with the smart meter 50, power consumption control using the function can be performed, and the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
［第３の実施形態］
次に、第３の実施形態について説明する。
図９は、第３の実施形態によるシステム構成の例（消費電力制御装置を電気機器の制御部に内蔵した例）を示す図である。
[Third Embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment will be described.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system configuration according to the third embodiment (an example in which a power consumption control device is built in a control unit of an electrical device).
図９は、消費電力制御装置４０を電気機器の制御部に内蔵した例を示している。すなわち、前述した消費電力制御装置４０として、温水器用加熱装置３６に対応するものとエアコン３１に対応するものの２種類用意し、各消費電力制御装置４０を、温水器用加熱装置３６の温水器用加熱装置制御部３７、エアコン３１のエアコン制御部３２にそれぞれ内蔵させている。 FIG. 9 shows an example in which the power consumption control device 40 is built in a control unit of an electric device. That is, two types of power consumption control devices 40, one corresponding to the water heater heating device 36 and one corresponding to the air conditioner 31, are prepared, and each power consumption control device 40 is a water heater heating device of the water heater heating device 36. The control unit 37 and the air conditioner control unit 32 of the air conditioner 31 are incorporated.
なお、図９では、消費電力目標値をスマートメータ５０経由で消費電力制御装置に入力しているが、消費電力目標値は、スマートメータ５０を経由せずに、直接消費電力制御装置４０に入力されても良いし、スマートメータ５０以外の機器を経由して入力されても良い。 In FIG. 9, the power consumption target value is input to the power consumption control device via the smart meter 50, but the power consumption target value is directly input to the power consumption control device 40 without passing through the smart meter 50. Alternatively, it may be input via a device other than the smart meter 50.
第３の実施形態によれば、第２の実施形態で得られる効果に加え、電気機器内の空きスペースを活用して消費電力制御装置４０を設置することにより、構成を簡易なものとすることができる。 According to the third embodiment, in addition to the effects obtained in the second embodiment, the configuration can be simplified by installing the power consumption control device 40 by utilizing the empty space in the electrical equipment. Can do.
なお、前述の第１〜第３の実施形態で示した消費電力制御装置４０の構成例（図２、図８）では、電力需要家の消費電力目標値（例えば、エアコンなどの電力消費手段に対する消費電力目標値）を設定する消費電力目標値設定部５１，５２（もしくは消費電力目標値設定部５３）を設ける場合を例示したが、これに限定されるものではない。設定もしくは入力する目標値は、電力消費手段の「消費電力目標値」に限らず、電力消費手段の「消費電力を左右する物理量の目標値」（例えば、エアコンなどの電力消費手段の温度目標値）とすることができる。すなわち、前述の消費電力目標値設定部５１，５２（もしくは消費電力目標値設定部５３）は、電力消費手段の消費電力を左右する物理量の目標値を設定する消費電力関連物理量目標値設定部（もしくは当該物理量の目標値を入力する消費電力関連物理量目標値入力部）として実現することができる。 In the configuration example (FIGS. 2 and 8) of the power consumption control device 40 shown in the first to third embodiments, the power consumption target value (for example, for power consumption means such as an air conditioner) is used. Although the case where the power consumption target value setting units 51 and 52 (or the power consumption target value setting unit 53) for setting (power consumption target value) is provided is illustrated, the present invention is not limited to this. The target value to be set or input is not limited to the “power consumption target value” of the power consuming means, but the “target value of the physical quantity that affects power consumption” of the power consuming means (for example, the temperature target value of the power consuming means such as an air conditioner). ). In other words, the power consumption target value setting units 51 and 52 (or the power consumption target value setting unit 53) described above set the power consumption related physical quantity target value setting unit (which sets the target value of the physical quantity that affects the power consumption of the power consuming means ( Alternatively, it can be realized as a power consumption related physical quantity target value input unit for inputting a target value of the physical quantity.
以上詳述したように、少なくとも１つの実施形態によれば、電力系統の電圧調整を担う特殊な機器を設置することなく、需要家の消費電力を電圧に応じて制御し、送配電系統の電圧変動を抑制し、電圧を安定化させることができる。 As described in detail above, according to at least one embodiment, the power consumption of the consumer is controlled according to the voltage without installing special equipment responsible for voltage adjustment of the power system, and the voltage of the power transmission and distribution system The fluctuation can be suppressed and the voltage can be stabilized.
本発明のいくつかの実施形態を説明したが、これらの実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。これら新規な実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施されることが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。これら実施形態やその変形は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれるとともに、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれる。 Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.
１１…配電系統、１２…分電盤、１３…開閉装置、２１…電灯、２２…テレビ、２３…冷蔵庫、３１…エアコン、３２…エアコン制御部、３６…温水器用加熱装置、３７…温水器用加熱装置制御部、４０…消費電力制御装置、４２…電圧測定部、４３，４３１，４３２…消費電力指令値演算部、４４…消費電力調定率設定部、４５，４５１，４５２…消費電力指令値出力部、４６…電流測定部、５１，５２，５３…消費電力目標値設定部。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Distribution system, 12 ... Distribution board, 13 ... Switchgear, 21 ... Electric light, 22 ... Television, 23 ... Refrigerator, 31 ... Air conditioner, 32 ... Air-conditioner control part, 36 ... Heating device for water heaters, 37 ... Heating for water heaters Device control unit 40 ... Power consumption control device 42 ... Voltage measurement unit 43,431,432 ... Power consumption command value calculation unit 44 ... Power consumption regulation rate setting unit 45,451,452 ... Power consumption command value output , 46... Current measuring unit, 51, 52, 53... Power consumption target value setting unit.
Claims (8)
消費電力調定率を設定する調定率設定手段と、
前記電力需要家内の配電系統の電圧を測定する電圧測定手段と、
前記調定率設定手段により設定した消費電力調定率と前記電圧測定手段により測定した電圧測定値と前記消費電力目標値設定手段により設定した消費電力目標値とから消費電力指令値を求める消費電力指令値演算手段と、
前記消費電力指令値演算手段により求めた消費電力指令値を出力する消費電力指令値出力手段と
を具備する
ことを特徴とする消費電力制御装置。 A power consumption target value setting means for setting a power consumption target value of a power consumer connected to the power system;
A settling rate setting means for setting a power consumption settling rate;
Voltage measuring means for measuring a voltage of a distribution system in the power consumer;
A power consumption command value for obtaining a power consumption command value from the power consumption setting rate set by the settling rate setting means, the voltage measurement value measured by the voltage measurement means, and the power consumption target value set by the power consumption target value setting means. Computing means;
A power consumption command value output means for outputting a power consumption command value obtained by the power consumption command value calculation means.
電力需要家の消費電力目標値を設定する消費電力目標値設定工程と、
消費電力調定率を設定する調定率設定工程と、
前記配電系統の電圧を測定する電圧測定工程と、
前記調定率設定工程で設定した消費電力調定率と前記電圧測定工程で測定した電圧測定値と前記消費電力目標値設定工程で設定した消費電力目標値とから消費電力指令値を求める消費電力指令値演算工程と、
前記消費電力指令値演算工程で求めた消費電力指令値を出力する消費電力指令値出力工程と
を含むことを特徴とする消費電力制御方法。 In the power consumption control method for controlling the power consumption of the power consumption means connected to the power distribution system in the power consumer connected to the power system,
A power consumption target value setting step for setting a power consumption target value of a power consumer;
A settling rate setting process for setting a power consumption settling rate;
A voltage measuring step for measuring the voltage of the distribution system;
Power consumption command value for obtaining a power consumption command value from the power consumption regulation rate set in the settling rate setting step, the voltage measurement value measured in the voltage measurement step, and the power consumption target value set in the power consumption target value setting step A calculation process;
A power consumption command value output step of outputting a power consumption command value obtained in the power consumption command value calculation step.
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