JP5612417B2 - Method and apparatus for avoiding output suppression in photovoltaic power generation system connected to multiple units - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for avoiding output suppression in photovoltaic power generation system connected to multiple units Download PDF

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JP5612417B2
JP5612417B2 JP2010215571A JP2010215571A JP5612417B2 JP 5612417 B2 JP5612417 B2 JP 5612417B2 JP 2010215571 A JP2010215571 A JP 2010215571A JP 2010215571 A JP2010215571 A JP 2010215571A JP 5612417 B2 JP5612417 B2 JP 5612417B2
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JP2012070598A (en
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林　泰弘
泰弘 林
裕介 宮本
裕介 宮本
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Waseda University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources

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  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Description

この発明は、太陽光システムが多数台連系された配電系統において、当該配電系統における太陽光の出力抑制を回避する方法及びその装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for avoiding suppression of solar light output in a distribution system in which a large number of solar systems are connected.

一般に同一の配電系統から給電される複数の需要家（住宅）に太陽光発電（ＰＶ）システムが設置されるようになってきている。太陽光発電システムは、太陽電池パネルで発生した直流電力をパワーコンディショナ（ＰＣＳ）で交流電力に変換して当該需要家の負荷に給電し、余剰電力は交流系統側に逆潮流している。 In general, a photovoltaic power generation (PV) system has been installed in a plurality of consumers (housing) that are fed from the same distribution system. In the photovoltaic power generation system, DC power generated in the solar cell panel is converted into AC power by a power conditioner (PCS) and supplied to the load of the consumer, and surplus power is flowing backward to the AC system side.

太陽光発電システムが同一の配電系統に多数台連系された場合、各住宅から流出する逆潮流電力により、系統電圧が上昇する。特に、ゴールデンウイーク等の発電電力が大きく負荷電力が少ない時期においては、電圧が電気事業法で定められた上限値と内線電圧上昇分を加算した電圧管理値を逸脱するケースが想定される。 When many photovoltaic power generation systems are connected to the same distribution system, the system voltage rises due to the reverse power flow flowing out from each house. In particular, when the generated power is large and the load power is low, such as Golden Week, a case is assumed in which the voltage deviates from the voltage management value obtained by adding the upper limit value defined by the Electricity Business Act and the extension of the extension voltage.

この場合ＰＶシステムは適正電圧を維持するための運用が求められ、各住宅のＰＣＳに具備されている電圧上昇抑制機能（進相無効電力制御機能、出力抑制機能）により、電圧管理値を逸脱した場合は、図１２に示すように、特に端末に連系される一部の住宅において、電圧上昇時に出力抑制機能が動作し、発電電力が抑制される（以下、出力抑制）運用が行われる。この様なＰＶシステムの電圧上昇抑制機能は、例えば、下記の特許文献１の段落０００３に記載されている。 In this case, the PV system is required to operate to maintain an appropriate voltage, and deviated from the voltage management value by the voltage rise suppression function (phase advance reactive power control function, output suppression function) provided in the PCS of each house. In this case, as shown in FIG. 12, particularly in some houses connected to the terminal, the output suppression function operates when the voltage rises, and operation in which generated power is suppressed (hereinafter, output suppression) is performed. Such a voltage rise suppression function of the PV system is described in paragraph 0003 of Patent Document 1 below, for example.

この場合、十分な日射があるにも関わらず、発電出力が抑制され発電効率が低下する。また、太陽光発電の容量や系統構成が住宅により異なることから、特定の住宅に発電効率の低下が偏ることも考えられる。 In this case, in spite of sufficient solar radiation, the power generation output is suppressed and the power generation efficiency is reduced. Moreover, since the capacity | capacitance and system | strain structure of photovoltaic power generation change with houses, it is also considered that the fall of power generation efficiency is biased to a specific house.

一方、電圧上昇対策として、ＰＣＳは受電点の力率が８５％以上になる範囲で、進相無効電力制御運転が許可されており、これにより適正電圧が維持できる場合は、発電出力を抑制する必要はないが、住宅間で電圧のばらつきが発生することから、出力抑制量は住宅毎に異なる。 On the other hand, as a countermeasure against voltage rise, the PCS is allowed to advance phase reactive power control in the range where the power factor of the power receiving point is 85% or more, and if this allows the appropriate voltage to be maintained, the power generation output is suppressed. Although it is not necessary, since voltage variation occurs between houses, the amount of output suppression varies from house to house.

特開２００８−１５４３３４号公報JP 2008-154334 A

この様に太陽光発電システムの多数台連系時は、住宅間で電圧のばらつきが発生するが、全住宅間の出力抑制量を最小化し、住宅間のばらつきを補整するための電圧上昇抑制機能の制御方法が確立されていない。電圧上昇抑制機能を全軒で同じ整定値（事前に各ＰＣＳで設定する電圧上昇抑制機能が動作する電圧）にする場合は、住宅間で出力抑制量や無効電力出力に不公平等が生じることが考えられる。この結果出力抑制が大きく発生する住宅では、売電量が少なく、出力抑制がそれほど発生しない住宅では、売電量が多くなるので、収入の少ない住宅と、多い住宅が生じ、収入の不平等が発生することになる。 In this way, when multiple photovoltaic power generation systems are connected, voltage fluctuations occur between houses, but the voltage rise suppression function minimizes the amount of output suppression between all houses and compensates for fluctuations between houses. The control method has not been established. If the voltage rise suppression function is set to the same set value for all the buildings (the voltage at which the voltage rise suppression function set in advance in each PCS operates), there will be unfairness in the output suppression amount and reactive power output between houses. Can be considered. As a result, the amount of electricity sold is small in houses where output suppression is large, and the amount of power sold is large in houses where output suppression does not occur so much, resulting in low-income houses and many houses, resulting in income inequality. It will be.

即ち、住宅毎に取り付けられているＰＣＳには、電圧上昇抑制機能が具備されているので、十分な日射があっても、その地域の電圧が上昇している場合は、ＰＣＳの出力抑制の機能が働いて、逆潮流する電力量（発電効率）は低下する。 That is, since the PCS installed in each house has a voltage rise suppression function, even if there is sufficient solar radiation, if the local voltage is rising, the PCS output suppression function As a result, the amount of power (power generation efficiency) flowing backwards decreases.

しかし、昼間は、太陽光発電の発電量が非常に大きくなるため、住宅毎の消費電力が異なっても、前記発電量に比べて消費電力が小さい。このため、昼間の消費電力は住宅間に大きな差が生じない。 However, since the power generation amount of photovoltaic power generation becomes very large during the daytime, even if the power consumption of each house differs, the power consumption is smaller than the power generation amount. For this reason, there is no great difference in daytime power consumption between houses.

そこで、この発明はこれらの従来技術に鑑み、太陽光発電システムが多数台連系された配電系統において、既存の装置に機能を追加するだけで、当該配電系統の全需要家の出力抑制量を最小化し、需要家間の出力抑制量の不平等を是正することができる、太陽光発電システムの出力抑制回避方法及びそのシステムを提供することを目的としたものである。 Therefore, in view of these prior arts, the present invention is a distribution system in which a large number of photovoltaic power generation systems are connected to each other, and by simply adding a function to an existing device, the output suppression amount of all consumers of the distribution system can be reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide an output suppression avoidance method for a photovoltaic power generation system and a system thereof that can minimize and correct inequalities in the amount of output suppression between consumers.

請求項１の発明は、一配電系統の複数の需要家に太陽光発電装置が連系されて設けられた地域において、前記太陽光発電装置を設けた需要家のＰＣＳが、電圧上昇時に電圧管理値を逸脱しないようにするために、或る時刻における地域の全需要家のＰＣＳの端電圧を測定し、最も高い電圧を示した需要家のＰＣＳの端電圧と電圧管理値の差分を算出し、その最も高い電圧を示した需要家のＰＣＳの整定値を電圧管理値と同じ値とし、その他の需要家のＰＣＳの整定値を、上記測定した各電圧に上記差分を加算した値として、各需要家にＰＣＳの整定値を設定することを特徴とする、多数台連系した太陽光発電システムの逆潮流における電圧上昇時の出力抑制回避方法とした。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, in a region where a photovoltaic power generation apparatus is connected to a plurality of consumers in one distribution system, the PCS of the consumer having the photovoltaic power generation apparatus performs voltage management when the voltage rises. In order not to deviate from the value, the PCS end voltage of all the consumers in a certain region at a certain time is measured, and the difference between the PCS end voltage of the consumer showing the highest voltage and the voltage management value is calculated. The set value of the PCS of the consumer showing the highest voltage is set to the same value as the voltage control value, and the set value of the PCS of the other consumers is set to the value obtained by adding the difference to the measured voltages. A method of avoiding output suppression at the time of voltage increase in reverse power flow of a photovoltaic power generation system connected to a large number of units, wherein a set value of PCS is set for a consumer.

請求項２の発明は、一配電系統の複数の需要家に太陽光発電装置が連系されて設けられた地域において、前記太陽光発電装置に設けた需要家のＰＣＳが、電圧上昇可能時に電圧管理値を逸脱しないようにするために、前記各太陽光発電装置のＰＣＳとサーバとを接続し、当該サーバからの指令により前記各ＰＣＳはＰＣＳ端電圧を測定し、当該測定電圧をサーバに送信し、サーバではこれらの各ＰＣＳの端電圧の最も高い電圧を示した需要家のＰＣＳの端電圧と電圧管理値との差分を算出し、その最も高い電圧を示した需要家のＰＣＳの整定値を電圧管理値と同じ値とし、その他の需要家のＰＣＳの整定値を、上記測定した各電圧に上記差分を加算した値として、各需要家にＰＣＳの整定値を設定し、これらの設定電圧を各ＰＣＳに送信する機能を有し、各ＰＣＳはサーバから送信された整定値を設定する構成としたことを特徴とする、多数台連系した太陽光発電システムの逆潮流における電圧上昇時の出力抑制回避システムとした。 According to the second aspect of the present invention, in a region where a photovoltaic power generation apparatus is connected to a plurality of consumers of a single distribution system, the consumer PCS provided in the photovoltaic power generation apparatus has a voltage when the voltage can be increased. In order not to deviate from the management value, the PCS of each photovoltaic power generation apparatus is connected to the server, and each PCS measures the PCS terminal voltage according to a command from the server, and transmits the measured voltage to the server. Then, the server calculates the difference between the terminal voltage of the consumer PCS that shows the highest voltage of the terminal voltage of each PCS and the voltage management value, and the set value of the consumer PCS that shows the highest voltage. Is set to the same value as the voltage management value, the PCS settling values of other consumers are set to the values obtained by adding the above differences to the measured voltages, and the PCS settling values are set to the respective consumers. Is sent to each PCS Each PCS has a configuration in which each PCS is configured to set a set value transmitted from the server, and is an output suppression avoidance system at the time of voltage increase in reverse power flow of a photovoltaic power generation system linked to multiple units .

また、請求項３の発明は、前記サーバが、設定された時間又は条件が充足されると自動的に前記各ＰＣＳに、各ＰＣＳの端電圧を測定するよう指令し、各ＰＣＳの測定電圧データを収集して演算し、各ＰＣＳの整定値を設定して、再設定可能な各ＰＣＳの制御部に送信する構成とした、請求項２に記載の多数台連系した太陽光発電システムの逆潮流における電圧上昇時の出力抑制回避システムとした。
According to a third aspect of the present invention, when the set time or condition is satisfied, the server automatically instructs each PCS to measure the end voltage of each PCS, and the measured voltage data of each PCS. The multi-unit-connected photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 2 is configured to collect, calculate, set a setting value of each PCS, and transmit the set value to a control unit of each resettable PCS. The output suppression avoidance system at the time of voltage rise in tidal current.

請求項１の発明のように、各需要家にＰＣＳの整定値を設定することにより、上記全需要家の電力出力抑制量を最小化し、需要家間の電力出力抑制量と無効電力出力のばらつきを最小化し、同一配電系統における需要家の売電量の不平等を是正することができ、当該配電系統の全体の電圧上昇を抑制することができる。 As in the first aspect of the invention, by setting the PCS set value for each consumer, the power output suppression amount of all the consumers is minimized, and the variation in the power output suppression amount and the reactive power output among the consumers. Can be minimized, and inequality in the amount of electricity sold by customers in the same distribution system can be corrected, and an increase in the overall voltage of the distribution system can be suppressed.

また、請求項２の発明は、上記請求項１の発明の効果に加え、各需要家の太陽光発電システムのＰＣＳと接続されたサーバを設け、このサーバにより、各需要家のＰＣＳの端電圧の測定、演算、整定値の設定をＩＴ化し、自動的に処理することができる。 In addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, the invention of claim 2 is provided with a server connected to the PCS of the solar power generation system of each consumer, and this server provides an end voltage of the PCS of each consumer. Measurement, calculation, and setting of setting values can be converted to IT and processed automatically.

さらに、請求項３の発明によれば、前記配電系統のＰＶシステムが増設されたり、区間開閉器の変更等により系統構成の変化が生じた場合や季節による発電量と負荷量の変動した場合により設定条件や設定された時刻が充足されると自動的に前記サーバが作動して、各ＰＣＳの整定値を設定するため、需要家間の不平等をきめ細かに解消できる。 Further, according to the invention of claim 3, when the PV system of the distribution system is added, the system configuration changes due to the change of the section switch, or the case where the power generation amount and the load amount change due to the season When the setting conditions and the set time are satisfied, the server automatically operates to set the set value of each PCS, so that inequality among consumers can be finely resolved.

この発明は、或る時刻における配電系統に太陽光発電装置が多数台連系された地域の全需要家のＰＣＳの端電圧を測定し、そのうち、最も高い電圧を示した需要家のＰＣＳの端電圧と、電気事業法の上限値と内線電圧上昇分を加算した電圧管理値を算出し、例えばその最も高い電圧を示した需要家のＰＣＳの整定値を上記電圧管理値である１０７．５Ｖとし、その他の需要家のＰＣＳの整定値を、上記測定した各電圧に上記差分を加算した電圧として、各需要家にＰＣＳの整定値を設定することを特徴とする、多数台連系した太陽光発電システムの出力抑制回避方法とした。 The present invention measures the PCS end voltage of all the customers in a region where a large number of photovoltaic power generation devices are connected to the distribution system at a certain time, and the end of the PCS of the consumer that showed the highest voltage among them. The voltage management value is calculated by adding the voltage, the upper limit value of the Electricity Business Law and the extension of the extension voltage. For example, the set value of the PCS of the consumer showing the highest voltage is set to 107.5 V which is the voltage management value. The setting value of the PCS of other consumers is set as the voltage obtained by adding the difference to the measured voltage, and the setting value of the PCS is set for each consumer. This is a method for avoiding output suppression in the power generation system.

これにより、上記全需要家の電力出力抑制量を最小化し、需要家間の電力出力抑制量と無効電力出力のばらつきを最小化できる。 Thereby, the electric power output suppression amount of all the said consumers can be minimized, and the dispersion | variation in the electric power output suppression amount and reactive power output between consumers can be minimized.

以下、この発明の実施例１を図に基づいて説明する。図１はこの発明の方法に使用する配電系統に太陽光発電が多数台連系された需要家（住宅）の連系を示す概略構成図である。 Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing interconnection of customers (housing) in which a large number of photovoltaic power generations are linked to a power distribution system used in the method of the present invention.

図１において、変電所１から高圧配電線２が導出され、この高圧配電線２に間隔をあけて複数の柱上変圧器３が設けられている。これらの各柱上変圧器３から低圧配電線４を介して複数の住宅５に電力が供給されており、各住宅５には、太陽光発電システム６が設けられ、これらの各太陽光発電システム６にはパワーコンディショナ（ＰＣＳ）７が設けられ、各住宅５の太陽光発電システム６の太陽電池パネルで発生した直流電力をＰＣＳ７で交流電力に変換して当該住宅５の負荷８に給電し、余剰電力は配電系統側に逆潮流している。 In FIG. 1, a high-voltage distribution line 2 is led out from a substation 1, and a plurality of pole transformers 3 are provided at intervals in the high-voltage distribution line 2. Electric power is supplied from each of these pole transformers 3 to a plurality of houses 5 via low-voltage distribution lines 4, and each house 5 is provided with a solar power generation system 6. 6 is provided with a power conditioner (PCS) 7. The DC power generated in the solar panel of the solar power generation system 6 of each house 5 is converted into AC power by the PCS 7 and supplied to the load 8 of the house 5. The surplus power is flowing backward to the distribution system side.

また、各住宅５のＰＣＳ７とインターネットやＬＡＮや無線を介して、サーバ９とが接続されている。勿論ＰＣＳ７とサーバ９とは電力線経由（ＰＬＣ）でも可能である。又、図１ではサーバ９は各ＰＣＳ７から離れている箇所に設置されているように記載されているが、このサーバ９はある特定のＰＣＳ７に設けられていても良く、また、電力供給会社、その他の場所に設置されていても良い。 In addition, the PCS 7 of each house 5 is connected to the server 9 via the Internet, LAN, or wireless. Of course, the PCS 7 and the server 9 can be connected via a power line (PLC). In FIG. 1, the server 9 is described as being installed at a location distant from each PCS 7, but this server 9 may be provided in a specific PCS 7, It may be installed in other places.

さらに前記各ＰＣＳ７では、電圧の測定機能、外部からの制御信号で前記整定値の変更機能、電圧管理値を維持するための電圧コントロール機能等を持っている。また、ある一定時刻に前記サーバ９は、各ＰＣＳ７に対して電圧測定を指令する機能、また、各ＰＣＳ７からの測定電圧を受信して記録し、最も高い電圧を示した住宅５のＰＣＳ７のＰＣＳ端電圧と、当該配電系統における電圧管理値との差分を算出し、その最も高い電圧を示した住宅５のＰＣＳ７のＰＣＳ端電圧を電圧管理値と同じ値とし、その他の住宅５のＰＣＳ７の整定値を、上記測定した各電圧に上記差分を加算して設定する機能、また、この様に各住宅５のＰＣＳ７の整定値を決定し、これを各住宅５のＰＣＳ７に送信する機能を有している。従って、各住宅５のＰＣＳ７はサーバ９からの整定値を受信すると、その整定値に変更する。 Further, each PCS 7 has a voltage measurement function, a function for changing the set value by an external control signal, a voltage control function for maintaining a voltage management value, and the like. In addition, the server 9 has a function of instructing each PCS 7 to measure voltage at a certain time, and also receives and records the measured voltage from each PCS 7, and the PCS of the PCS 7 of the house 5 showing the highest voltage. The difference between the terminal voltage and the voltage management value in the distribution system is calculated, the PCS terminal voltage of the PCS 7 of the house 5 showing the highest voltage is set to the same value as the voltage management value, and the PCS 7 of the other house 5 is set. A function for setting the value by adding the difference to the measured voltage, and a function for determining the set value of the PCS 7 of each house 5 and transmitting the value to the PCS 7 of each house 5 in this way. ing. Accordingly, when the PCS 7 of each house 5 receives the set value from the server 9, it changes to the set value.

この様な一つの配電系統において、全軒の出力抑制量を最小化し、住宅間の出力抑制量及び無効電力出力のばらつきを最小化するためのＰＣＳの整定値の整定方法を確立した。 In such a power distribution system, we established a method for setting the PCS settling value to minimize the output suppression amount of all the houses and to minimize the variation in output suppression amount and reactive power output between houses.

具体的な方法は、図２及び以下の通りである。
ステップＳ１：午前１０時頃の発電出力にて、各住宅５のＰＣＳ７の端電圧を測定する。ただし、電圧上昇抑制機能が動作している場合は、電圧上昇抑制機能が動作しなくなるまで変電所１の送り出し電圧を下げる。
ステップＳ２：ステップＳ１で計測した中で最も電圧が高いＰＣＳ７の端電圧（Ｖｍａｘ）と電圧管理値の上限である１０７．５Ｖの差分ΔＶを算出する。
ステップＳ３：Ｖｍａｘが計測された住宅５のＰＣＳ７の整定値を１０７．５Ｖとする。
ステップＳ４：他の住宅５のＰＣＳ７は、１．で計測した端電圧にΔＶを加算した電圧を整定値とする。 A specific method is as shown in FIG.
Step S1: The end voltage of the PCS 7 of each house 5 is measured at the power generation output around 10 am. However, when the voltage rise suppression function is operating, the delivery voltage of the substation 1 is lowered until the voltage increase suppression function is not activated.
Step S2: The difference ΔV between the end voltage (Vmax) of the PCS 7 having the highest voltage measured in Step S1 and 107.5 V which is the upper limit of the voltage management value is calculated.
Step S3: The setting value of the PCS 7 of the house 5 where Vmax is measured is set to 107.5V.
Step S4: The PCS 7 of the other house 5 The voltage obtained by adding ΔV to the end voltage measured in step is taken as the settling value.

以下に一般的な配電系統構成における出力抑制回避に対する進相無効電力制御の効果及び住宅ごとの動作電圧の整定方法についてシミュレーションを実施し、検証する。 In the following, a simulation will be conducted to verify the effect of phase-advanced reactive power control on avoiding output suppression in a general distribution system configuration and the method of setting the operating voltage for each house.

図３は、前記配電系統構成のうちの、高圧配電系統の構成を示し、変電所１からの高電圧配線２に同間隔で柱上変圧器３が分布する構成とし、電線はＡＬ１２０ｍｍ２とした。また、図４は、低圧配電線４により一つの柱上変圧器３から１５軒の住宅５に供給する構成であり、低圧配電線４にＡＬＯＣ１２０ｍｍ２を、低圧引込線にＳＶ１４ｍｍ２を、住宅用分電盤からＰＶ用ＰＣＳまでの電線にＣＶ５．５ｍｍ２を用いている。 FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the high-voltage distribution system among the distribution system configurations, in which the pole transformers 3 are distributed at the same intervals on the high-voltage wiring 2 from the substation 1 and the electric wires are AL120 mm 2 . . FIG. 4 shows a configuration in which 15 low-voltage distribution lines 4 supply 15 houses 5 from one pole transformer 3, and low-voltage distribution lines 4 have ALOC 120 mm 2 and low-voltage service lines SV 14 mm 2. It is used CV5.5Mm 2 to wire up for PCS PV from board.

また、発電・負荷電力パターンは新エネルギー・産業技術総合開発機構（ＮＥＤＯ）事業「集中連系型太陽光発電システム実証研究」にて、群馬県太田市の一般住宅５５３軒で実測された発電電力を平均化して使用することとした。代表日として、年間で出力抑制の発生が最も懸念されるゴールデンウイークの一日（2007/4/29）を抽出した。図５にシミュレーションに使用した発電・負荷パターンを示す。この日の１日の発電電力量は２１．７ｋＷｈ、負荷電力量は２１．９ｋＷｈ、逆潮流電力量は１５．５ｋＷｈであった。 The power generation / load power pattern was measured at 553 houses in Ota City, Gunma Prefecture in the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) project “Centralized Photovoltaic Power Generation System Demonstration Study”. Were used after averaging. As a representative day, we extracted the day of Golden Week (Apr 29, 2007), the most concerned about the occurrence of output suppression in the year. FIG. 5 shows the power generation / load pattern used in the simulation. The generated power amount of the day was 21.7 kWh, the load power amount was 21.9 kWh, and the reverse flow power amount was 15.5 kWh.

配電線の送り出し電圧は、系統側で電圧制御を行わない条件でＰＶシステム多数台連系による出力抑制への影響を確認するため、６６６０Ｖ（低圧換算値１０６．０Ｖ）で固定した。 The distribution line feed voltage was fixed at 6660 V (low voltage conversion value 106.0 V) in order to confirm the influence on the output suppression by the PV system multi-unit interconnection under the condition that the voltage control is not performed on the system side.

ＰＣＳの電圧制御に関しては、出力抑制制御及び進相無効電力制御の仕様は、出力抑制機能、進相無効電力制御共に動作電圧が、１０７．５Ｖであり、復帰電圧は動作電圧より、０．２Ｖ低い１０７．３Ｖとなっており、進相無効電力制御は、力率を１〜０．８５と設定している。 Regarding the voltage control of the PCS, the specifications of the output suppression control and the phase advance reactive power control are the operation voltage of 107.5V for both the output suppression function and the phase advance reactive power control, and the return voltage is 0.2V from the operation voltage. 107.3 V is low, and the fast reactive power control sets the power factor to 1 to 0.85.

進相無効電力の注入方法としては、ＰＶの発電電力を維持しつつ追加で系統電源を用いて無効電力を注入する制御方法を用いることとした。系統電圧上昇時のＰＣＳの電圧制御機能の動作は、潮流計算の結果、系統電圧が適正値を逸脱している場合は、適正範囲に収まるまで力率を低下（進相無効電力を出力）させ、力率が設定値まで到達しても電圧が適正値を上回る場合は、適正電圧に収まるように出力制御機能が動作する、という２つのステップで電圧制御を行う。 As a method of injecting reactive power, the control method of injecting reactive power using a system power supply while maintaining PV generated power was used. The operation of the PCS voltage control function when the system voltage rises is as follows. If the system voltage is out of the proper value as a result of the power flow calculation, the power factor is reduced (the phase reactive power is output) until it falls within the proper range. If the voltage exceeds the appropriate value even when the power factor reaches the set value, the voltage control is performed in two steps in which the output control function operates so as to be within the appropriate voltage.

次に、図１２で説明したとおり、ＰＶシステムを同一配電系統へ多数台連系する場合、系統の末端に向かって電圧が上昇し易くなる。従って、出力抑制量も系統の連系位置により住宅間でばらつきが生じることが想定される。そこで、全体の出力抑制量及び住宅間の出力抑制量及び無効電力出力のばらつきを最小化するためのアルゴリズムを３段階のアプローチで検討する。 Next, as described with reference to FIG. 12, when a large number of PV systems are connected to the same distribution system, the voltage tends to increase toward the end of the system. Therefore, it is assumed that the output suppression amount also varies among houses depending on the grid connection position. Therefore, an algorithm for minimizing the overall output suppression amount, the output suppression amount between houses, and the variation in reactive power output is examined by a three-stage approach.

第１段の目標は、進相無効電力制御による出力抑制量の低減効果を確認することとした。この検討では、進相無効電力制御機能をマスクした場合、力率設定０．８５で進相無効電力制御機能を有効にした場合の出力抑制量を比較する。ただし、配電線距離は２ｋｍ刻みで０〜１０ｋｍとし、全軒でＰＣＳ電圧制御の整定値を統一させ、柱上変圧器単位で最も出力抑制量の大きい住宅の出力抑制量で評価することとした。 The goal of the first stage was to confirm the effect of reducing the output suppression amount by the phase advance reactive power control. In this study, when the phase advance reactive power control function is masked, the output suppression amount when the phase advance reactive power control function is enabled with the power factor setting of 0.85 is compared. However, the distribution line distance is set to 0 to 10 km in steps of 2 km, and the setting values for PCS voltage control are standardized for all houses, and the output suppression amount of the house with the largest output suppression amount per pole transformer is evaluated. .

第２段の目標は、無効電力を極力出力せずに、出力抑制量を最小化するためのＰＣＳ電圧制御整定値を確立することとした。この検討では、進相無効電力制御の力率設定をパラメータとして出力抑制量の全軒の総和の低減に対する影響を把握する。ただし、配電線距離を２ｋｍ刻みで０〜１０ｋｍとし、全軒でＰＣＳ電圧制御の整定値を統一させ、全軒の出力抑制回避率（式２参照）で評価することとした。 The goal of the second stage was to establish a PCS voltage control settling value for minimizing the amount of output suppression without outputting reactive power as much as possible. In this study, the power factor setting of the fast reactive power control is used as a parameter to understand the effect of the output suppression amount on the reduction of the total sum of all the houses. However, the distribution line distance was set to 0 to 10 km in increments of 2 km, the setting values of PCS voltage control were unified for all the houses, and evaluation was performed based on the output suppression avoidance rate (see Equation 2) for all the houses.

図６にＰＣＳ有効電力３ｋＷ時の設定力率に対する無効電力・皮相電力の出力を示す。図６より、ＰＣＳ容量（皮相電力）が最も大きくなるのは、力率が０．８５の場合であり、この場合無効電力が約１．８ｋｖａｒ、ＰＣＳ容量が約３．５ｋＶＡになることが解かる。 FIG. 6 shows the output of reactive power and apparent power with respect to the set power factor when the PCS active power is 3 kW. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the PCS capacity (apparent power) is the largest when the power factor is 0.85, in which case the reactive power is about 1.8 kvar and the PCS capacity is about 3.5 kVA. Karu.

第３段の目標は、第２段の目標を維持しつつさらに、住宅間の出力抑制量及び無効電力注入量のばらつきを最小化するための電圧制御整定値を確立することとした。この検討では、住宅毎の進相無効電力制御の力率設定及びＰＣＳ電圧制御の動作電圧（Ｖｏ：Ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｎｇ ｖｏｌｔａｇｅ）をパラメータとした場合の、出力抑制量の全軒の総和及び各住宅の出力抑制量及び無効電力出力のばらつきに対する影響を把握する。本来であれば、ＰＣＳ電圧制御機能全体の最適化を行うために、動作電圧以外にも復帰電圧や変化速度をパラメータとすべきであるが、今回は本質的な制御ロジックには手を加えず、復帰電圧は式１に示す通り、動作電圧から０．２Ｖ低い値に固定することとした。なお、今回の制御ロジックでは、出力抑制機能及び進相無効電力制御機能の動作・復帰電圧の整定値は共通である。 The target of the third stage is to establish a voltage control settling value for minimizing the variation in the output suppression amount and the reactive power injection amount between houses while maintaining the second stage target. In this study, the sum of the output suppression amount and the output suppression of each house when the power factor setting of phase reactive power control for each house and the operating voltage (Vo: Operating voltage) of PCS voltage control are used as parameters. Understand the impact on quantity and reactive power output variability. Originally, in order to optimize the entire PCS voltage control function, in addition to the operating voltage, the return voltage and change rate should be used as parameters, but this time, the essential control logic is not touched. The return voltage is fixed at a value 0.2 V lower than the operating voltage as shown in Equation 1. In this control logic, the set values of the operation / return voltage of the output suppression function and the phase advance reactive power control function are common.

Ｖｒ＝Ｖｏ−０．２………式１
Ｖｒ：ＰＣＳ電圧制御復帰電圧
Ｖｏ：ＰＣＳ電圧制御動作電圧 V r = V o -0.2 ......... Formula 1
V r : PCS voltage control return voltage V o : PCS voltage control operating voltage

次に、出力抑制量の最小化及び住宅間の出力抑制量及び無効電力注入量のばらつきを最小化する整定値を確立するためのシミュレーション条件について検討を行った。表１に今回実施する６パターンのシミュレーション条件を示す。 Next, we examined the simulation conditions for establishing a settling value that minimizes the amount of output suppression and the variation in the amount of output suppression and reactive power injection between houses. Table 1 shows the simulation conditions for the six patterns implemented this time.

Figure 0005612417
Figure 0005612417

表１に示した６パターンの内、Ｔｒ−１、Ｔｒ−２は低圧配電線単位で住宅間の出力抑制量及び無効電力のばらつきを是正するための設定パラメータである。高圧配電線の潮流による電圧のばらつきを補正することはできないが、小規模の系統で動作電圧を決定できるという利点がある。一方、Ａｌｌ−１、Ａｌｌ−２、Ａｌｌ−３は同一配電線における全てのＰＶシステムの動作電圧を変更する方法である。具体的な動作電圧の決定方法は、図７を用いて説明する。 Of the six patterns shown in Table 1, Tr-1 and Tr-2 are setting parameters for correcting variations in output suppression amount and reactive power between houses in units of low-voltage distribution lines. Although it is impossible to correct the voltage variation due to the power flow of the high-voltage distribution line, there is an advantage that the operating voltage can be determined by a small-scale system. On the other hand, All-1, All-2, and All-3 are methods for changing the operating voltages of all PV systems on the same distribution line. A specific method for determining the operating voltage will be described with reference to FIG.

Ａｌｌ−１、Ａｌｌ−２、Ａｌｌ−３の各住宅の動作電圧は以下の手順で決定する。
１． 変電所と各住宅の電位差の算出
ＰＣＳの電圧制御が動作しないように送り出し電圧を下げた状態で、図５に示す発電・負荷パターンを用いて潮流計算を行う。逆潮流が最も大きい時間（ＡＭ１１：３４）と逆潮流を開始する時間（ＡＭ６：５５）を３等分し、逆潮流電力が異なる夫々の時間（ＡＭ８：２８、ＡＭ１０：０１、ＡＭ１１：３４）で変電所と各住宅の電位差を算出する。
２． 各住宅の電圧上昇抑制機能の動作電圧の決定
最も電圧が上昇しやすいＴｒ５ＴＭ１の動作電圧を１０７．５Ｖとして、前記１．で算出した電位分布を基に、それ以外の住宅の電圧上昇抑制機能の動作電圧を決定する。ＡＭ８：２８の逆潮流電圧を用いて算出した電圧上昇抑制機能の動作電圧をＡｌｌ−１、ＡＭ１０：０１を用いて算出した電圧上昇抑制機能の動作電圧をＡｌｌ−２、ＡＭ１１：３４の逆潮流電力を用いて算出した電圧上昇抑制機能の動作電圧をＡｌｌ−３とそれぞれ定義する。 The operating voltage of each house of All-1, All-2, and All-3 is determined by the following procedure.
1. Calculation of the potential difference between the substation and each house The power flow is calculated using the power generation / load pattern shown in FIG. 5 with the sending voltage lowered so that the voltage control of the PCS does not operate. The time when the reverse power flow is greatest (AM11: 34) and the time when the reverse power flow starts (AM6: 55) are divided into three equal parts, and the times when the reverse power flow is different (AM8: 28, AM10: 01, AM11: 34) Calculate the potential difference between the substation and each house.
2. Determination of the operating voltage of the voltage rise suppressing function of each house The operating voltage of Tr5TM1, which is most likely to increase the voltage, is 107.5V. Based on the potential distribution calculated in step 1, the operating voltage of the voltage rise suppression function for other houses is determined. The operation voltage of the voltage rise suppression function calculated using the reverse flow voltage of AM8: 28 is All-1, the operation voltage of the voltage rise suppression function calculated using AM10: 01 is All-2, and the reverse flow of AM11: 34 The operating voltage of the voltage rise suppression function calculated using electric power is defined as All-3.

前記で示したパラメータを用いてシミュレーション解析により出力抑制量を算出した。図８にＰＣＳ制御が出力抑制機能のみ及び進相無効電力制御を併用した場合の各柱上変圧器中最も出力抑制量が大きい住宅の１日の出力抑制量を示す。 The output suppression amount was calculated by simulation analysis using the parameters shown above. FIG. 8 shows the daily output suppression amount of a house having the largest output suppression amount among the pole transformers when the PCS control uses only the output suppression function and the phase advance reactive power control in combination.

図８の（ａ）図に示すように、進相無効電力制御を併用しない場合（出力抑制機能出力抑制機能のみ）は、高圧配電線の全長が０ｋｍでも、最悪ケースで出力抑制が発生しない理想発電電力量（２１．７ｋＷｈ）の約１８％に相当する最大約４ｋＷｈの出力抑制が発生すること及び高圧配電線の全長が１０ｋｍの場合、最悪ケースで、理想発電電力量の約４７％に相当する１０．１ｋＷｈの出力抑制が発生する住宅があることが確認できた。一方、（ｂ）図に示すように、進相無効電力制御を併用した場合については、大幅に出力抑制量が低下し、高圧配電線の線路長によらず、出力抑制量がほぼ零になることが確認できた。 As shown in FIG. 8 (a), when phase reactive power control is not used together (output suppression function and output suppression function only), even if the total length of the high-voltage distribution line is 0 km, ideal output suppression does not occur in the worst case. When the maximum output of about 4 kWh corresponding to about 18% of the generated power (21.7 kWh) occurs and the total length of the high-voltage distribution line is 10 km, it corresponds to about 47% of the ideal generated power in the worst case. It was confirmed that there is a house where output suppression of 10.1 kWh occurs. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the phase-advanced reactive power control is used together, the output suppression amount is greatly reduced, and the output suppression amount becomes almost zero regardless of the line length of the high-voltage distribution line. I was able to confirm.

また、上記の結果から、進相無効電力制御の力率設定値を変えたことによる出力抑制量の変化への効果を確認することとした。これは式２で定義する出力抑制回避率、各住宅の出力抑制量及び無効電力出力の分布を用いて実施することとした。 In addition, from the above results, it was decided to confirm the effect of changing the power factor setting value of the phase reactive power control on the change in the output suppression amount. This was implemented using the output suppression avoidance rate, the output suppression amount of each house, and the distribution of reactive power output defined by Equation 2.

Figure 0005612417
Figure 0005612417

図９に設定力率と出力抑制回避量の相関を、図１０に高圧配電線全長１０ｋｍの場合の住宅毎の出力抑制量及び進相無効電力出力の分布をそれぞれ示す。なお、図１０の（ｂ）図の無効電力は、当該住宅で皮相電力が最も大きい時間のデータを抽出した。 FIG. 9 shows the correlation between the set power factor and the output suppression avoidance amount, and FIG. 10 shows the distribution of the output suppression amount and the phase reactive power output for each house when the total length of the high-voltage distribution line is 10 km. In addition, the reactive power of FIG.10 (b) extracted the data of the time when the apparent power is the largest in the said house.

図９より、いずれのケースにおいても、設定力率を下げるほど出力抑制回避率は上昇し、配電線距離１０ｋｍ・設定力率０．８５の場合に、出力抑制回避率は最大で約２５％になることが確認できた。 From FIG. 9, in any case, the output suppression avoidance rate increases as the set power factor is lowered. When the distribution line distance is 10 km and the set power factor is 0.85, the output suppression avoidance rate is about 25% at the maximum. It was confirmed that

また、各住宅の無効電力・出力抑制量は、図１０に示す通り設定力率によらず、住宅１が最も大きく、住宅７が最も小さいことが確認できた。この傾向は、進相無効電力制御の力率設定を小さくすればするほど顕著になることから、住宅間の出力抑制量及び無効電力出力のばらつき補整という観点からは、好ましくない運用ということになる。 Moreover, it was confirmed that the reactive power / output suppression amount of each house is the largest in the house 1 and the smallest in the house 7, regardless of the set power factor as shown in FIG. This tendency becomes more prominent as the power factor setting of the advanced reactive power control is made smaller, so it is an unfavorable operation from the viewpoint of the amount of output suppression between houses and compensation for variations in reactive power output. .

これらの結果を踏まえて次のステップとして、住宅毎にＰＣＳ電圧制御整定値を変えることによる住宅間の出力抑制量及び無効電力ばらつき低減効果の検証を行った。各住宅の整定値は、低圧配電線単位の住宅間の出力抑制量及び無効電力のばらつきを是正するために柱上変圧器単位で差を付ける方法と同一配電線における全ＰＶシステムの動作電圧を変更する方法の２通りで検証した。前者は柱上変圧器内の電圧分布で整定値を決定できるという利点がある。
一方、後者は、配電線全体の電圧分布を考慮できるという利点があるが、全ての住宅を模擬する詳細シミュレーションが必要になるという欠点がある。 Based on these results, the next step was to verify the output suppression amount between houses and the effect of reducing the variation in reactive power by changing the PCS voltage control set value for each house. The setting value for each house is the operating voltage of all PV systems in the same distribution line as the method of making a difference in pole transformer units to correct the output suppression amount and reactive power variation between houses in the low voltage distribution line unit. It verified in two ways of changing. The former has the advantage that the set value can be determined by the voltage distribution in the pole transformer.
On the other hand, the latter has an advantage that the voltage distribution of the entire distribution line can be taken into account, but has a disadvantage that a detailed simulation for simulating all houses is required.

実際今回実施したシミュレーションでは、前者は柱上変圧器内の電圧分布に従い電圧上昇し易い住宅、中間の住宅、電圧上昇し難い住宅に０．１Ｖ若しくは０．２Ｖ整定値の差を付けるという手法をとったが、後者の電圧分布は、ＰＣＳの電圧制御機能が動作しないように送り出し電圧を下げ、逆潮流が最も大きい時間（ＡＭ１１：３４）と逆潮流が開始する時間（ＡＭ６：５５）を３等分し、逆潮流電力が異なるそれぞれの時間（ＡＭ８：２８、ＡＭ１０：０１、ＡＭ１１：３４）で変電所と各住宅の電位差を算出し、最も電圧が上昇するＴｒ５ＴＭ１の電圧上昇抑制機能の動作電圧を１０７．５Ｖとして算出した電位分布を基に整定値を決定するというプロセスでシミュレーションを実施した。 In fact, in the simulation that was conducted this time, the former used a method in which a difference of 0.1V or 0.2V settling value was given to a house that is likely to increase in voltage according to the voltage distribution in the pole transformer, an intermediate house, or a house that is difficult to increase the voltage. However, the latter voltage distribution is obtained by reducing the sending voltage so that the voltage control function of the PCS does not operate, and the time when the reverse power flow is the largest (AM11: 34) and the time when the reverse power flow starts (AM6: 55) are 3 Calculate the potential difference between the substation and each house at different times (AM8: 28, AM10: 01, AM11: 34) when the reverse power flow is equally divided, and the operation of the Tr5TM1 voltage rise suppression function where the voltage rises the most The simulation was carried out by the process of determining the settling value based on the potential distribution calculated with a voltage of 107.5V.

シミュレーションの結果、ＡＭ１１：３４の逆潮流電力で算出した整定値（Ａｌｌ−３）で運用する場合が、最も出力抑制回避率が高くなり、全軒で同じ整定値を使用する場合と比較して約１０％出力抑制回避率が高くなることが確認できた。しかし、この運用では、住宅間の出力抑制量及び無効電力出力のばらつきが大きいという欠点があることが確認できた。一方、ＡＭ１０：０１の逆潮流電力で算出した整定値（Ａｌｌ−２）で運用する場合は、出力抑制回避率はＡｌｌ−３と同等で且つ住宅間の出力抑制損失量及び無効電力出力の標準偏差が全ての運用の中で最も小さくなることが確認できた。これを定量的に評価するため、出力抑制回避率、住宅間の出力抑制量のばらつき、無効電力のばらつきに重み関数を与え、総合評価を行った。 As a result of simulation, when operating with the settling value (All-3) calculated with the reverse power flow of AM11: 34, the output suppression avoidance rate is the highest, compared to the case where the same settling value is used in all the houses. It was confirmed that the output suppression avoidance rate was increased by about 10%. However, in this operation, it was confirmed that there is a drawback that the amount of output suppression between houses and the variation of reactive power output are large. On the other hand, when operating with a settling value (All-2) calculated with the reverse power flow of AM10: 01, the output suppression avoidance rate is equivalent to All-3, and the output suppression loss amount between houses and the standard of reactive power output It was confirmed that the deviation was the smallest among all operations. In order to evaluate this quantitatively, a weighting function was given to the output suppression avoidance rate, the variation in the amount of output suppression between houses, and the variation in reactive power, and an overall evaluation was performed.

すなわち、総合評価は、(1)出力抑制回避率、(2)住宅間の出力抑制量のばらつき、(3)無効電力出力のばらつきの３項目を評価項目とした。 In other words, the overall evaluation was evaluated using three items: (1) output suppression avoidance rate, (2) variation in output suppression amount between houses, and (3) variation in reactive power output.

出力抑制回避のための電圧制御機能を最適化するためには、上記３項目はいずれも重要であるが、ロスの低減という観点から重要度に差をつけられることが可能な評価を行うこととした。評価は式３で定義する規格化した出力抑制回避率、住宅間の出力抑制量のばらつき、無効電力出力のばらつきを用いて式４に示す判定係数Ｊｃで実施した。 In order to optimize the voltage control function for avoiding output suppression, the above three items are all important, but an evaluation that can make a difference in importance from the viewpoint of reducing loss and did. The evaluation was performed using the standardized output suppression avoidance rate defined by Equation 3, the variation in the amount of output suppression between houses, and the determination coefficient Jc shown in Equation 4 using the variation in reactive power output.

Figure 0005612417
Figure 0005612417

Figure 0005612417
Figure 0005612417

判定係数Ｊｃは、出力抑制回避率が最も大きく、住宅間の出力抑制量及び無効電力出力のばらつきがない場合に１と最も大きくなる。また、重み係数は、各パラメータの重要度を考慮し、値にα、β、γにつけたケースを２パターン（α＝１、β＝０．５、γ＝０．５）、（α＝１、β＝０．５、γ＝０．２５）とα、β、γを同じ値とするケース（α、β、γ＝１）の３通りを設定し評価をじっしすることとした。図１１に各条件の判定係数算出結果を示す。 The determination coefficient Jc is the largest when the output suppression avoidance rate is the highest and there is no variation in the output suppression amount between the houses and the reactive power output. In addition, the weighting factor takes into account the importance of each parameter, and two cases (α = 1, β = 0.5, γ = 0.5), (α = 1) where the values are assigned to α, β, γ. , Β = 0.5, γ = 0.25) and the case (α, β, γ = 1) in which α, β, γ are set to the same value, and the evaluation was started. FIG. 11 shows determination coefficient calculation results for each condition.

図１１から、今回設定した重み係数及び力率条件では、いずれのケースにおいてもＡｌｌ−２が最も判定係数が大きく、その中でも力率設定０．８７５〜０．９が最も判定係数が大きくなることから、この運用が今回設定した条件における最も効率的なものでることが分かった。 From FIG. 11, in the weighting factor and power factor condition set this time, in all cases, All-2 has the largest determination coefficient, and power factor setting 0.875 to 0.9 has the largest determination coefficient. Therefore, it was found that this operation is the most efficient under the conditions set this time.

なお、以上のシミュレーションから、整定値の設定をＡＭ１０：０１としているが、この発明はこの時刻に限定されるものではない。
各需要家の負荷や発電電力の変動等の設定条件や設定された時刻が充足されると自動的に前記サーバが作動して、各ＰＣＳ７により各ＰＣＳ７の電圧を測定し、各ＰＣＳ７に動作電圧を設定することもできる。 From the above simulation, the setting value is set to AM10: 01, but the present invention is not limited to this time.
When the setting conditions such as the load of each customer and the fluctuation of the generated power and the set time are satisfied, the server automatically operates, the voltage of each PCS 7 is measured by each PCS 7, and the operating voltage is applied to each PCS 7. Can also be set.

この発明の実施例１の方法に使用する配電系統に太陽光発電が多数台連系された需要家（住宅）の連系を示す概略構成図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic block diagram which shows the connection of the consumer (house | housing) by which many photovoltaic power generations were connected to the power distribution system used for the method of Example 1 of this invention. この発明の実施例１における各ＰＣＳの整定値の整定方法を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows the settling method of the set value of each PCS in Example 1 of this invention. この発明の実施例１のシミュレーションにおける高圧配電系統の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the high voltage | pressure distribution system in the simulation of Example 1 of this invention. この発明の実施例１のシミュレーションにおける低圧配電系統の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the low voltage | pressure distribution system in the simulation of Example 1 of this invention. この発明の実施例１のシミュレーションにおける発電・負荷パターングラフ図である。It is an electric power generation and load pattern graph figure in the simulation of Example 1 of this invention. この発明の実施例１のシミュレーションにおけるＰＣＳ有効電力３ｋＷ時の設定力率に対する無効電力・皮相電力の関係を示すグラフ図である。It is a graph which shows the relationship of the reactive power and the apparent power with respect to the setting power factor at the time of PCS active power 3kW in the simulation of Example 1 of this invention. この発明の実施例１のシミュレーションにおける配電系統の各住宅の動作決定方法の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the operation | movement determination method of each house of a power distribution system in the simulation of Example 1 of this invention. この発明の実施例１のシミュレーションにおける１日の出力抑制損失量を示すグラフ図であり、（ａ）図は出力抑制制御のみの場合、（ｂ）図は進相無効電力制御と出力抑制制御を併用した場合の同グラフ図である。It is a graph which shows the amount of output suppression loss of the day in the simulation of Example 1 of this invention, (a) A figure is a case where only output suppression control is performed, (b) A figure is phase advance reactive power control and output suppression control. It is the same graph in the case of using together. この発明の実施例１のシミュレーションにおける設定力率と出力抑制回避率の相関を示すグラフ図である。It is a graph which shows the correlation of the setting power factor and output suppression avoidance rate in the simulation of Example 1 of this invention. この発明の実施例１のシミュレーションにおける出力抑制量及び無効電力の住宅毎の分布グラフ図であり、（ａ）図は出力抑制量、（ｂ）図は無効電力の場合を示す。It is the distribution graph figure for every house of the output suppression amount and reactive power in the simulation of Example 1 of this invention, (a) A figure shows the amount of output suppression, (b) The case of reactive power is shown. この発明の実施例１のシミュレーションにおける判定係数算出結果を示すグラフ図であり、（ａ）図、（ｂ）図、（ｃ）図は夫々相互に係数を変化させた場合を示す。It is a graph which shows the determination coefficient calculation result in the simulation of Example 1 of this invention, (a) figure, (b) figure, (c) figure shows the case where a coefficient is changed mutually, respectively. 配電系統における出力抑制発生のイメージ図である。It is an image figure of the output suppression generation | occurrence | production in a power distribution system.

１ 変電所 ２ 高圧配電線
３ 柱上変圧器 ４ 低圧配電線
５ 住宅 ６ ＰＶシステム
７ ＰＣＳ ８ 負荷
９ サーバ １０ ＰＣＳ端電圧
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substation 2 High voltage distribution line 3 Transformer on pole 4 Low voltage distribution line 5 Housing 6 PV system 7 PCS 8 Load 9 Server 10 PCS terminal voltage

Claims (3)

一配電系統の複数の需要家に太陽光発電装置が連系されて設けられた地域において、前記太陽光発電装置を設けた需要家のＰＣＳが、電圧上昇時に電圧管理値を逸脱しないようにするために、或る時刻における地域の全需要家のＰＣＳ端電圧を測定し、最も高い電圧を示した需要家のＰＣＳの端電圧と電圧管理値の差分を算出し、その最も高い電圧を示した需要家のＰＣＳの整定値を電圧管理値と同じ値とし、その他の需要家のＰＣＳの整定値を、上記測定した各電圧に上記差分を加算した値として、各需要家にＰＣＳの整定値を設定することを特徴とする、多数台連系した太陽光発電システムの逆潮流における電圧上昇時の出力抑制回避方法。 In an area where photovoltaic power generation devices are connected to a plurality of consumers in one power distribution system, the PCS of the consumer having the photovoltaic power generation device is prevented from deviating from the voltage management value when the voltage rises. Therefore, the PCS end voltage of all customers in a region at a certain time was measured, and the difference between the PCS end voltage of the consumer who showed the highest voltage and the voltage management value was calculated, and the highest voltage was shown. The set value of the PCS of the customer is set to the same value as the voltage control value, the set value of the PCS of the other customer is set to the value obtained by adding the difference to each measured voltage, and the set value of the PCS is set to each customer. An output suppression avoidance method at the time of voltage rise in a reverse power flow of a photovoltaic power generation system connected to multiple units, characterized in that it is set. 一配電系統の複数の需要家に太陽光発電装置が連系されて設けられた地域において、前記太陽光発電装置に設けた需要家のＰＣＳが、電圧上昇可能時に電圧管理値を逸脱しないようにするために、前記各太陽光発電装置のＰＣＳとサーバとを接続し、当該サーバからの指令により前記各ＰＣＳはＰＣＳ端電圧を測定し、当該測定電圧をサーバに送信し、サーバではこれらの各ＰＣＳの端電圧の最も高い電圧を示した需要家のＰＣＳの端電圧と電圧管理値との差分を算出し、その最も高い電圧を示した需要家のＰＣＳの整定値を電圧管理値と同じ値とし、その他の需要家のＰＣＳの整定値を、上記測定した各電圧に上記差分を加算した値として、各需要家にＰＣＳの整定値を設定し、これらの設定電圧を各ＰＣＳに送信する機能を有し、各ＰＣＳはサーバから送信された整定値を設定する構成としたことを特徴とする、多数台連系した太陽光発電システムの逆潮流における電圧上昇時の出力抑制回避システム。 In an area where photovoltaic power generation devices are connected to a plurality of consumers in one distribution system, the PCS of the consumers provided in the photovoltaic power generation device does not deviate from the voltage management value when the voltage can be increased. In order to do so, the PCS of each photovoltaic power generation apparatus is connected to a server, and each PCS measures the PCS terminal voltage according to a command from the server, and transmits the measured voltage to the server. The difference between the PCS end voltage and the voltage management value of the consumer showing the highest PCS end voltage is calculated, and the set value of the consumer PCS showing the highest voltage is the same value as the voltage management value. A function of setting the PCS settling value for each consumer, using the set value of the PCS of the other consumer as a value obtained by adding the difference to the measured voltage, and transmitting the set voltage to each PCS. Each PC Is characterized by being configured to set the setting value transmitted from the server, the output suppression avoidance system when a voltage rise in the reverse flow of the multiple stage interconnection sunlight power generation system. 前記サーバが、設定された時間又は条件が充足されると自動的に前記各ＰＣＳに、各ＰＣＳの端電圧を測定するよう指令し、各ＰＣＳの測定電圧データを収集して演算し、各ＰＣＳの整定値を設定して、再設定可能な各ＰＣＳの制御部に送信する構成とした、請求項２に記載の多数台連系した太陽光発電システムの逆潮流における電圧上昇時の出力抑制回避システム。 When the set time or condition is satisfied, the server automatically instructs each PCS to measure the end voltage of each PCS, collects and calculates the measured voltage data of each PCS, and each PCS The set value is set and transmitted to the control unit of each reconfigurable PCS, and the output suppression avoidance at the time of voltage rise in the reverse power flow of the multi-unit photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 2 system.
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