JP6517683B2 - 水処理システムおよび水処理システムに使用される作業媒体 - Google Patents
水処理システムおよび水処理システムに使用される作業媒体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6517683B2 JP6517683B2 JP2015248561A JP2015248561A JP6517683B2 JP 6517683 B2 JP6517683 B2 JP 6517683B2 JP 2015248561 A JP2015248561 A JP 2015248561A JP 2015248561 A JP2015248561 A JP 2015248561A JP 6517683 B2 JP6517683 B2 JP 6517683B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- working medium
- water
- treatment system
- pipeline
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 158
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 25
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- WNFHGZLVUQBPMA-JSCKKFHOSA-M Sodium glucuronate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C([O-])=O WNFHGZLVUQBPMA-JSCKKFHOSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical group OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 38
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 ascorbic acid glucoside Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009292 forward osmosis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N -2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)=O RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DRDSDQVQSRICML-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Erythro-D-galacto-octitol Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO DRDSDQVQSRICML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UWTATZPHSA-N D-glyceric acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- OFGDSGVGRWPQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-1-ium;acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.C1=CNC=N1 OFGDSGVGRWPQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGSCRDSBTNQPMS-UJURSFKZSA-N 3-O-Ethylascorbic acid Chemical compound CCOC1=C(O)C(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)CO ZGSCRDSBTNQPMS-UJURSFKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940120145 3-o-ethylascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C1(C(=O)O)CCOCC1 CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXQKEKGBFMQTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-glycero-D-gluco-heptitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO OXQKEKGBFMQTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXQKEKGBFMQTML-WAHCGKIUSA-N Perseitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO OXQKEKGBFMQTML-WAHCGKIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLCFGWHYROZGBI-JJKGCWMISA-M Potassium gluconate Chemical compound [K+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HLCFGWHYROZGBI-JJKGCWMISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N aldehydo-D-glucuronic acid Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005115 demineralization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002328 demineralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000008131 glucosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940097043 glucuronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- OXQKEKGBFMQTML-BIVRFLNRSA-N perseitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO OXQKEKGBFMQTML-BIVRFLNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UVGZJJKEELPWRH-JSCKKFHOSA-M potassium (2S,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexanoate Chemical compound [K+].O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C([O-])=O UVGZJJKEELPWRH-JSCKKFHOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004224 potassium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013926 potassium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003189 potassium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium lactate Chemical compound [K+].CC(O)C([O-])=O PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001521 potassium lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011085 potassium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001304 potassium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SYGDCNJESIQXKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2,3-dihydroxypropanoate Chemical compound [K+].OCC(O)C([O-])=O SYGDCNJESIQXKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083542 sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001540 sodium lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011088 sodium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005581 sodium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
- B01D61/005—Osmotic agents; Draw solutions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/445—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by forward osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/25—Recirculation, recycling or bypass, e.g. recirculation of concentrate into the feed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
第1の実施形態に係る水処理システムは、被処理水を収容する第1のチャンバと、浸透圧を誘起する作業媒体を収容する第2のチャンバと、前記第1のチャンバと前記第2のチャンバとを区画する浸透膜とを備える。このような水処理システムによれば、第1のチャンバ内の被処理水と第2のチャンバ内の作業媒体との間で生じる浸透圧差により第1のチャンバ内の被処理水中の水が浸透膜を透過して第2のチャンバ内の作業媒体に移動する。第1の実施形態は、作業媒体が側鎖にヒドロキシ基を有する酸もしくはその金属塩を含む水溶液、または側鎖にヒドロキシ基を有する酸またはその金属塩、および特定の多価アルコールからなる群からの少なくとも2種以上の化合物の混合物を含む水溶液で、高い浸透圧の誘起作用を示す。このため、第1のチャンバ内の被処理水中の水が浸透膜を透過して第2のチャンバ内の作業媒体に移動する際、高い透過流束を発生させることができる。
第2の実施形態に係る水処理システムは、水を収容する第1のチャンバと、浸透圧を誘起する作業媒体(ドロー溶液)を収容する第2のチャンバと、第1のチャンバと第2のチャンバとを区画する浸透膜と、第2のチャンバに接続された圧力交換器と、圧力交換器に接続された回転体とを備える。このような水処理システムによれば、第1のチャンバ内の水と第2のチャンバ内の作業媒体との間で生じる浸透圧差により第1のチャンバ内の水が浸透膜を透過して第2のチャンバ内の作業媒体に移動する。水が作業媒体に移動することに伴う水流により回転体を回して発電する。第2の実施形態は、作業媒体が側鎖にヒドロキシ基を有する酸もしくはその金属塩を含む水溶液、または側鎖にヒドロキシ基を有する酸またはその金属塩、および特定の多価アルコールからなる群からの少なくとも2種以上の化合物の混合物を含む水溶液で、高い浸透圧の誘起作用を示す。このため、第1のチャンバ内の水が浸透膜を透過して第2のチャンバ内の作業媒体に移動する際、高い透過流束を発生させることができる。その結果、水が移動された作業媒体は高い圧力を持つ水流になるため、回転体をより高い速度で回して発電することができる。
図4の(a)を参照しながら、シリンジ試験装置の作製について説明する。
<例1>
前記(1)の手順に従って、シリンジ試験装置216を作製した。第1のシリンジ211には、作業媒体(ドロー溶液)として海水(3.5重量%濃度の食塩水)を収容し、第2のシリンジ212には真水を収容した(図4の(c)図示)。各液は、図4の(a)に示すS1の工程と32工程の間で、試験に使用する液体をシリンジ211および212の内部にそれぞれ収容した。
作業媒体としてグルコン酸ナトリウムの飽和水溶液、グルクロン酸ナトリウムの飽和水溶液、アスコルビン酸ナトリウムの飽和水溶液および70重量%濃度の酢酸イミダゾリウム水溶液をそれぞれ用いた以外、例1と同様な方法で透過流束を求めた。
例1と同様に第1のシリンジ211に100%のグルコン酸ナトリウム、モル比の異なる4種のキシリトールとグルコン酸ナトリウムの混合物、および100%のキシリトール、を含む作業媒体をそれぞれ収容し、第2のシリンジ212に真水を収容した(図4の(c)図示)。図5に示すように第1のシリンジ211を第2のシリンジ212の上方に位置するように縦置きにし、25℃、1気圧の条件下に静置した。下部の第2のシリンジ212に導入した真水が上昇することを観測した。下部の第2のシリンジ212に導入した真水の5分間後の上昇高さを透過流束として求めた。その結果を図7に示す。図7において、横軸はキシリトールとグルコン酸ナトリウムのモル比を示し、左端のゼロは100%のグルコン酸ナトリウム、右端の1は100%のキシリトールである。左の縦軸は、透過水量(m/h:(5分間))を、右の縦軸はキシリトールとグルコン酸ナトリウムの総モル数、を示す。
Claims (10)
- 前記側鎖にヒドロキシ基を有する酸は、側鎖にヒドロキシ基を有するカルボン酸である請求項1または2記載の水処理システム。
- 前記側鎖にヒドロキシ基を有する酸の金属塩は、グルコン酸ナトリウム、グルクロン酸ナトリウム、またはアスコルビン酸ナトリウムである請求項1又は2記載の水処理システム。
- 前記側鎖にヒドロキシ基を有する酸の金属塩は、グルコン酸ナトリウムとグルクロン酸ナトリウムの混合物である請求項1又は2記載の水処理システム。
- 前記式1で表される多価アルコールは、キシリトール、ソルビトールまたはマンニトールである請求項1又は2記載の水処理システム。
- 少なくとも2種以上の化合物の前記混合物は、キシリトールとグルコン酸ナトリウムとの混合物、キシリトールとアスコルビン酸ナトリウムとの混合物、またはキシリトール、グルコン酸ナトリウムおよびグルクロン酸ナトリウムの混合物である請求項1又は2記載の水処理システム。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015248561A JP6517683B2 (ja) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | 水処理システムおよび水処理システムに使用される作業媒体 |
US15/266,600 US20170173532A1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2016-09-15 | Water treatment system and working medium therefor |
US15/966,893 US20180250635A1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2018-04-30 | Water treatment system and working medium therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015248561A JP6517683B2 (ja) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | 水処理システムおよび水処理システムに使用される作業媒体 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2017113657A JP2017113657A (ja) | 2017-06-29 |
JP6517683B2 true JP6517683B2 (ja) | 2019-05-22 |
Family
ID=59064070
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015248561A Active JP6517683B2 (ja) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | 水処理システムおよび水処理システムに使用される作業媒体 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20170173532A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6517683B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019008219A1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | Suomen Malmijalostus Oy | VENTING WATER CONCENTRATION |
CN108375996B (zh) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-12-22 | 乾通环境科技(苏州)有限公司 | 一种远程控制的小型全集成自动化海水淡化设备的控制器 |
DE102018131061A1 (de) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-06-10 | Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Verdünnen einer Probenflüssigkeit und Verdünnungseinheit für eine nachfolgende Analyse |
JP7258805B2 (ja) | 2020-03-19 | 2023-04-17 | 株式会社東芝 | 作業媒体及び水処理システム |
US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
US11502322B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
US11855324B1 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2023-12-26 | Rahul S. Nana | Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell with heat pump |
US12040517B2 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2024-07-16 | Rahul S. Nana | Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell and methods of use thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0319042D0 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2003-09-17 | Univ Surrey | Osmotic energy |
EP2083937B1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2016-01-27 | Yale University | Osmotic heat engine |
WO2013148289A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Hydration Systems, Llc | Use of novel draw solutes and combinations in forward osmosis system |
JP2014039908A (ja) * | 2012-08-22 | 2014-03-06 | Samsung R&D Institute Japan Co Ltd | 水回収方法 |
JP5996337B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-05 | 2016-09-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 正浸透造水システム |
-
2015
- 2015-12-21 JP JP2015248561A patent/JP6517683B2/ja active Active
-
2016
- 2016-09-15 US US15/266,600 patent/US20170173532A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2018
- 2018-04-30 US US15/966,893 patent/US20180250635A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2017113657A (ja) | 2017-06-29 |
US20170173532A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
US20180250635A1 (en) | 2018-09-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6517683B2 (ja) | 水処理システムおよび水処理システムに使用される作業媒体 | |
JP5913113B2 (ja) | 正浸透分離方法 | |
JP6400726B2 (ja) | 水処理方法、水処理システムおよび水処理装置 | |
CA2983645C (en) | Method and apparatus for advanced vacuum membrane distillation | |
WO2010080546A1 (en) | Systems and methods for forward osmosisfluid purification | |
JP6303009B2 (ja) | 船舶用の真空膜蒸留式造水装置 | |
JP6333573B2 (ja) | 造水装置及び造水方法 | |
WO2013126895A1 (en) | Forward osmosis with an organic osmolyte for cooling towers | |
JP5943924B2 (ja) | 浸透圧駆動膜プロセス及びシステム、並びに引出溶質回収方法 | |
US9023211B2 (en) | Vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) using aspirator to generate vacuum pressure | |
JP6169019B2 (ja) | 循環型浸透圧発電のための作業媒体、循環型浸透圧発電システムおよび方法、並びに作業媒体の相制御方法 | |
US20130032538A1 (en) | Systems and methods for forward osmosis fluid purification | |
JP4996068B2 (ja) | 廃水の濃縮処理方法及びその装置 | |
JP5996337B2 (ja) | 正浸透造水システム | |
WO2011132427A1 (ja) | 流体膜分離発電方法および流体膜分離発電システム | |
JP7186579B2 (ja) | 水処理に用いるための作業媒体及び水処理システム | |
CN205974138U (zh) | 一种一体化循环渗透水处理*** | |
JP6685960B2 (ja) | 水処理システム及び作業媒体 | |
JP2017127842A (ja) | 水処理システムおよび水処理方法 | |
JP6649309B2 (ja) | 水処理システム及び作業媒体 | |
JP7068116B2 (ja) | 水処理システム及び水処理システムに用いられるドロー溶液 | |
JP2018118186A (ja) | 正浸透膜および水処理システム | |
JP6002611B2 (ja) | 蒸気プラントシステム | |
AU2009335732B2 (en) | Systems and methods for forward osmosisfluid purification | |
JP2011255339A (ja) | 溶媒抽出方法及び装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20180222 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20180918 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20181016 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20181206 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20190319 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20190418 |
|
R151 | Written notification of patent or utility model registration |
Ref document number: 6517683 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151 |