JP6500583B2 - Conductive particle and semiconductor package using conductive particle - Google Patents

Conductive particle and semiconductor package using conductive particle Download PDF

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JP6500583B2
JP6500583B2 JP2015096783A JP2015096783A JP6500583B2 JP 6500583 B2 JP6500583 B2 JP 6500583B2 JP 2015096783 A JP2015096783 A JP 2015096783A JP 2015096783 A JP2015096783 A JP 2015096783A JP 6500583 B2 JP6500583 B2 JP 6500583B2
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layer
solder
film
plating
particles
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JP2016211046A (en
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芳則 江尻
芳則 江尻
長谷川 清
清 長谷川
邦彦 赤井
邦彦 赤井
昌之 中川
昌之 中川
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Showa Denko Materials Co Ltd
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Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
Showa Denko Materials Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/10Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/15Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/16Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process of an individual bump connector
    • H01L2224/161Disposition
    • H01L2224/16151Disposition the bump connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/16221Disposition the bump connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/16225Disposition the bump connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation

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  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Wire Bonding (AREA)

Description

本発明は、導電粒子、及び導電粒子を用いた半導体パッケージに関する。   The present invention relates to a conductive particle and a semiconductor package using the conductive particle.

電子情報機器の発達及び高度なネットワークの整備による情報受発手段の飛躍的な向上に伴い、半導体チップの実装形態は直径φ760−φ300μmのはんだボールを接続材料としたBGA(Ball Grid Alley)が主流になっている。   With the development of electronic information devices and the rapid improvement of information receiving means through the development of advanced networks, the mounting form of semiconductor chips is mainly BGA (Ball Grid Alley) using solder balls with a diameter of φ760-φ300 μm as the connection material It has become.

今後、更なる高密度化、高速化及び高性能化が要求されるにつれて、従来のはんだボールでは対応できないことが明らかになってきている。その理由の一つは、はんだボールにはI/O端子の増加に伴う電極の狭ピッチ化で、隣接するはんだボールの間隔が非常に狭いものとなり、わずかな変形でも互いに接触し、短絡するおそれがあることである。次世代高密度パッケージでは、多ピン化及び狭ピッチ化が進み、いずれは200〜120μm以下のピッチが必要となると予測されている。そうなると、実装密度の高まりにより、チップサイズパッケージ(CSP)又はベアチップ実装での電極の信頼性の確保が重大な課題となる。その際に、半導体装置の入出力端子として用いられるのが、銅コアはんだボールである。銅コアはんだボールは、フリップチップ接合時に内部の銅コアがリフロー温度で溶融することがなく、チップとプリント基板(PCB)との距離が保たれ、高い接合信頼性を得られる。   In the future, as higher density, higher speed and higher performance are required, it has become clear that conventional solder balls can not cope. One of the reasons is the narrowing of the electrode pitch with the increase in I / O terminals for solder balls, and the distance between adjacent solder balls becomes very narrow, and even slight deformation may cause contact with each other and cause a short circuit. There is In the next-generation high-density package, it is predicted that the number of pins and the pitch will be reduced, and a pitch of 200 to 120 μm or less will eventually be required. In such a case, with the increase in mounting density, securing the reliability of electrodes in chip size package (CSP) or bare chip mounting becomes a serious issue. At that time, copper core solder balls are used as input / output terminals of the semiconductor device. In the copper core solder ball, the internal copper core does not melt at the reflow temperature at the time of flip chip bonding, the distance between the chip and the printed circuit board (PCB) is maintained, and high bonding reliability can be obtained.

半導体素子の接合端子、特に内部電極として使用するので、高温環境に対し信頼性のある半導体パッケージとするために、銅コアはんだボールが使用されるようになっている。特許文献1には、Cuを主成分とする直径1〜1000μmの芯ボールの周りに、Sn系被膜を被覆し、芯ボールとSn系被膜の間に結晶質のNi系下地層を形成する技術が提案されている。
特許文献2には、金属又は樹脂の表面に、ニッケル、チタン又はクロムを主成分とする第1の金属膜を形成し、第1の金属膜の外周に銅を主成分とする第2の金属膜を形成し、さらに第2の金属膜の外周に錫を主成分とする第3の金属膜を形成する技術が提案されている。
Copper core solder balls are being used to provide semiconductor packages that are reliable for high temperature environments because they are used as junction terminals for semiconductor devices, particularly as internal electrodes. Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of coating a Sn-based film around a core ball having a diameter of 1 to 1000 μm mainly composed of Cu and forming a crystalline Ni-based underlayer between the core ball and the Sn-based film. Has been proposed.
In Patent Document 2, a first metal film containing nickel, titanium, or chromium as a main component is formed on the surface of a metal or resin, and a second metal containing copper as a main component on the periphery of the first metal film. There has been proposed a technique of forming a film and further forming a third metal film containing tin as a main component on the outer periphery of the second metal film.

特開2007−75856号公報JP 2007-75856 A 特開2013−31864号公報Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2013-31864

半導体チップ搭載用基板に半導体チップを搭載する場合、半導体チップと半導体チップ搭載用基板との間に、適切な距離と、寸法安定性が要求される。これは、半導体パッケージが携帯電子機器、車等の衝撃が加わる機器に搭載されるようになり、落下衝撃及び振動時に耐える必要があるためである。また、車載用の機器の一部として搭載される場合、高温環境下におけるはんだ接合部の信頼性が極めて重要になってきている。
しかし、上記特許文献1に記載のCuを主成分とする芯ボールの周りに、結晶質のNi系下地層を形成し、さらにSn系被膜を被覆したCuコアボールでは、150℃の高温環境下において、Ni系下地層がはんだ中に拡散して消失する。それにより、Cuとはんだの成分であるSnが直接接合することで、硬くて脆い金属間化合物が厚く形成され、落下衝撃信頼性が低下するという課題があることが分かった。またさらに、Ni系下地層を厚くすることによってはんだ中への拡散による消失を抑えることができたとしても、Niとはんだの成分のSnとの金属間化合物層の形成速度が速いため、硬くて脆い金属間化合物が厚く形成され、落下衝撃信頼性が低下するという課題があることが分かった。さらに、特許文献1に、Cuを主成分とする直径1〜1000μmの芯ボールが記載されているが、Cuを主成分とする直径1〜60μmの芯ボールの作製そのものが困難であることが判明した。
また、上記特許文献2は、電極側のCuが、エレクトロマイグレーションによって、はんだの成分であるSnへ拡散することを抑制するためのはんだボールである。すなわち、ニッケル、チタン又はクロムを主成分とする第1の金属膜と、Snを主成分とする第3の金属膜との間に、Cuを主成分とする第2の金属膜を形成してCuを主成分とする第2の金属膜をSnへ拡散しやすくすることにより、電極側のCuが、はんだの成分であるSnへ拡散することを抑制している。しかしながら、150℃の高温環境下においては、Cuとはんだの成分であるSnとが直接接合しているため、Cuがはんだへ拡散することを抑えることがでない。これにより、硬くて脆い金属間化合物が厚く形成され、特に耐落下衝撃信頼性に課題があることが判明した。
When a semiconductor chip is mounted on a semiconductor chip mounting substrate, an appropriate distance and dimensional stability are required between the semiconductor chip and the semiconductor chip mounting substrate. This is because the semiconductor package is to be mounted on an impacted device such as a portable electronic device, a car, etc., and it is necessary to withstand drop impact and vibration. Also, when mounted as part of a vehicle-mounted device, the reliability of the solder joint under high temperature environment has become extremely important.
However, in a Cu core ball in which a crystalline Ni-based underlayer is formed around a core ball mainly composed of Cu described in Patent Document 1 and a Sn-based film is further coated, under a high temperature environment of 150 ° C. The Ni base layer diffuses into the solder and disappears. Thus, it has been found that direct bonding of Cu and Sn, which is a component of the solder, causes a thick, hard and brittle intermetallic compound to be formed thick, and the drop impact reliability is lowered. Furthermore, even if it is possible to suppress the disappearance due to the diffusion into the solder by thickening the Ni base layer, the formation speed of the intermetallic compound layer of Ni and Sn as a component of the solder is fast, so it is hard. It has been found that there is a problem that a brittle intermetallic compound is formed thick and the drop impact reliability is lowered. Furthermore, although the core ball of 1-1000 micrometers in diameter which has Cu as a main component is described in patent document 1, it turns out that preparation of the core ball of 1-60 micrometers in diameter which has Cu as a main component is difficult. did.
Moreover, the said patent document 2 is a solder ball for suppressing that Cu by the side of an electrode disperse | distributes to Sn which is a component of a solder by electromigration. That is, a second metal film containing Cu as a main component is formed between the first metal film containing nickel, titanium or chromium as a main component, and a third metal film containing Sn as a main component. By facilitating the diffusion of the second metal film containing Cu as a main component into Sn, the diffusion of Cu on the electrode side into Sn, which is a component of the solder, is suppressed. However, in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C., since Cu and Sn which is a component of the solder are directly bonded, it is not possible to suppress the diffusion of Cu to the solder. As a result, it was found that a hard and brittle intermetallic compound is thickly formed, and in particular there is a problem in the drop impact reliability.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明者らは上記の150℃の高温環境下に長期保管された場合に耐落下衝撃信頼性が低下する理由について検討した。
上記特許文献1のCuコアボールは、Cuを主成分とする芯ボールの周りに、結晶質のNi系下地層を形成し、さらにその外側がSn系被膜で被覆されている。このようなCuコアボールをはんだ接合すると、結晶質のNi系下地層とはんだの主成分であるSnとの間に金属間化合物が形成される。このとき、例えば、一般的に鉛フリーはんだとして広く使用されている、Sn−Cu−Ag系のはんだを用いた場合、Sn−Cu−Ni系の金属間化合物が形成される。また、例えば、Sn−Ag系のはんだを用いた場合、Sn−Ni系の金属間化合物が形成される。CuとSnが直接接合した場合に形成されるCu−Sn系の金属間化合物と比較すると、NiとSnが直接接合した場合に形成されるSn−Cu−Ni系及びSn−Ni系の金属間化合物の成長速度は遅い。しかしながら、150℃の高温環境下に長期保管すると、金属間化合物が厚く成長する。Sn−Cu−Ni系、Sn−Ni系等の金属間化合物は硬くて脆いため、このような金属化合物の層が厚く形成されると、耐落下衝撃信頼性が低下してくることが分かった。また、150℃の高温環境下において500時間よりも長く保持すると、被膜がはんだ中に拡散してきて部分的に不連続膜となり、1000時間の保持ではほとんど不連続膜となり、ニッケルがCuのバリア被膜として機能できなくなってくる。CuとSnの金属間化合物の形成が促進されて、耐落下衝撃信頼性が極めて低下することが明らかとなった。
また、上記特許文献2による方法では、Cuを主成分とする第2の金属膜が直接Snと接触しているため、150℃の高温環境下においてCu−Sn系の金属間化合物が形成され、当該金属間化合物が厚く成長するため、耐落下衝撃信頼性が極めて低下することが明らかとなった。
In order to solve the above-mentioned subject, the present inventors examined the reason for the drop impact reliability to be reduced when stored for a long time in the above-mentioned high temperature environment of 150 ° C.
In the Cu core ball of Patent Document 1, a crystalline Ni-based underlayer is formed around a core ball mainly composed of Cu, and the outside is further covered with a Sn-based film. When such Cu core balls are solder-bonded, an intermetallic compound is formed between the crystalline Ni-based underlayer and Sn which is the main component of the solder. At this time, for example, when a Sn—Cu—Ag-based solder generally used widely as a lead-free solder is used, an Sn—Cu—Ni-based intermetallic compound is formed. In addition, for example, when an Sn-Ag based solder is used, an Sn-Ni based intermetallic compound is formed. In comparison with the Cu-Sn-based intermetallic compound formed when Cu and Sn are directly bonded, the Sn-Cu-Ni-based and Sn-Ni-based metal formed when Ni and Sn are directly bonded The growth rate of the compound is slow. However, when stored for a long time in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C., intermetallic compounds grow thick. Since intermetallic compounds such as Sn-Cu-Ni-based and Sn-Ni-based are hard and brittle, it has been found that when the layer of such a metal compound is formed thick, the drop impact reliability is lowered. . If the film is kept longer than 500 hours in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C., the film diffuses into the solder and partially becomes a discontinuous film, and when held for 1000 hours, it becomes almost a discontinuous film and the barrier film is nickel Cu It can not function as It has become clear that the formation of the intermetallic compound of Cu and Sn is promoted and the drop impact reliability is extremely reduced.
Further, in the method according to Patent Document 2, since the second metal film containing Cu as a main component is in direct contact with Sn, a Cu—Sn intermetallic compound is formed in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C., It has been revealed that the drop impact reliability is extremely reduced because the intermetallic compound grows thick.

そこで、本発明は、半導体チップ搭載用基板と半導体チップとをはんだ接続した後に150℃の高温環境下に長期保管された場合であっても、高いはんだ接続信頼性を有するはんだ接続用導電粒子、及びそのはんだ接続用導電粒子を用いた半導体パッケージを提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention is a conductive particle for solder connection having high solder connection reliability, even when stored for a long time in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C. after solder connecting the semiconductor chip mounting substrate and the semiconductor chip. An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor package using the conductive particles for solder connection.

本発明は、平均粒径が10μm〜60μmの球状非導電性粒子と、該球状非導電性粒子の外側に設けられた、厚さ0.3μm以上のニッケル又はニッケル合金を含有する第1の層と、該第1の層の外側に設けられた、パラジウム又はパラジウム合金を含有する第2の層と、を備える、はんだ接続用導電粒子を提供する。このようなはんだ接続用導電粒子を用いて半導体チップと半導体チップ搭載用基板とを接続した場合、150℃の高温環境下における金属間化合物の成長を抑制し、150℃の高温環境の履歴を受けた場合であっても、はんだ接続信頼性に優れた半導体パッケージを得ることができる。本発明者らは、以下のような理由によりこのような効果を奏すると考えている。すなわち、はんだ接続用導電粒子を用いたはんだ接続の際に、第2の層に含有されるパラジウム層がはんだ中に拡散し、NiとSn(はんだ)が直接接合した場合に形成されるSn−Cu−Ni系、Sn−Ni系等の金属間化合物にPdが含有されることになる。これにより、Sn−Cu−Ni−Pd系、Sn−Ni−Pd系等の金属間化合物となるため、Sn−Cu−Ni系、Sn−Ni系等の硬くて脆い金属間化合物の成長を抑制することが可能となる。結果として、150℃の高温環境下において長時間の保持を行っても、Pdがない場合と比較して成長速度を低下させる効果があるものと考えられる。   The present invention is a first layer containing spherical nonconductive particles having an average particle size of 10 μm to 60 μm, and nickel or a nickel alloy having a thickness of 0.3 μm or more provided on the outer side of the spherical nonconductive particles. And a second layer containing palladium or a palladium alloy provided on the outside of the first layer. When the semiconductor chip and the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip are connected using such conductive particles for solder connection, the growth of intermetallic compounds in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C. is suppressed, and the history of the high temperature environment of 150 ° C. is received. Even in this case, a semiconductor package having excellent solder connection reliability can be obtained. The present inventors believe that such an effect is exerted for the following reasons. That is, at the time of solder connection using the conductive particles for solder connection, the palladium layer contained in the second layer diffuses into the solder and Sn— formed when Ni and Sn (solder) are directly bonded Pd is contained in the intermetallic compounds such as Cu-Ni-based and Sn-Ni-based. Thereby, since it becomes an intermetallic compound such as Sn-Cu-Ni-Pd system, Sn-Ni-Pd system, etc., the growth of hard and brittle intermetallic compounds such as Sn-Cu-Ni system, Sn-Ni system etc. is suppressed It is possible to As a result, even if holding for a long time in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C., it is considered that there is an effect of reducing the growth rate as compared with the case without Pd.

本発明のはんだ接続用導電粒子は、第2の層の外側に設けられた、金を含有する第3の層、銀を含有する第4の層、又はスズ若しくはスズ合金を含有する第5の層をさらに備えることができる。   The conductive particle for solder connection of the present invention is the third layer containing gold, the fourth layer containing silver, or the fifth layer containing tin or tin alloy, provided on the outside of the second layer. It can further comprise a layer.

上記第3の層が、置換金めっき被膜、又は置換金めっき被膜上に還元型の無電解金めっき被膜を形成した被膜であってもよい。   The third layer may be a substituted gold plating film or a film formed by forming a reduction-type electroless gold plating film on a substituted gold plating film.

上記第5の層が、スパッタ又は電気めっきにより形成され、かつ銅及び/又は銀を含んでいてもよい。   The fifth layer may be formed by sputtering or electroplating and may contain copper and / or silver.

本発明のはんだ接続用導電粒子は、球状非導電性粒子と第1の層との間に、厚さ0.1μm以上の銅又は銅合金を含有する第6の層をさらに備えてもよい。   The conductive particle for solder connection of the present invention may further include a sixth layer containing copper or a copper alloy with a thickness of 0.1 μm or more between the spherical nonconductive particle and the first layer.

上記第6の層が、無電解銅めっき被膜であってもよい。   The sixth layer may be an electroless copper plating film.

上記第1の層におけるニッケルの含有量を、85〜98質量%とすることができる。   The content of nickel in the first layer can be 85 to 98% by mass.

上記第1の層が、無電解ニッケル−リンめっき被膜であってもよい。   The first layer may be an electroless nickel-phosphorus plating film.

上記第2の層におけるパラジウムの含有量を、90質量%以上とすることができる。   The content of palladium in the second layer can be 90% by mass or more.

上記第2の層が、第1の層の外側に設けられた第1のパラジウムめっき被膜と、第1のパラジウムめっき被膜の外側に設けられた第2のパラジウムめっき被膜とを有し、第1のパラジウムめっき被膜が、純度が99質量%以上の置換又は還元型の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜であり、第2のパラジウムめっき被膜が、純度が90質量%以上99質量%未満の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜であってもよい。   The second layer has a first palladium plating film provided on the outside of the first layer, and a second palladium plating film provided on the outside of the first palladium plating film; The palladium plating film of the present invention is a substitution or reduction type electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 99% by mass or more, and the second palladium plating film is an electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 90% by mass to 99% by mass. It may be

上記第2の層の厚みが、0.01μm〜0.5μmであってもよい。   The thickness of the second layer may be 0.01 μm to 0.5 μm.

球状非導電性粒子が、樹脂又はシリカであってもよい。   The spherical nonconductive particles may be resin or silica.

本発明は、上記はんだ接続用導電粒子と、半導体チップ搭載用基板とがはんだにより接続された接続構造体を提供する。   The present invention provides a connection structure in which the conductive particles for solder connection and the semiconductor chip mounting substrate are connected by solder.

上記接続構造体において、はんだ接続用導電粒子の表面の50%以上がはんだにより被覆されていてもよい。   In the connection structure, 50% or more of the surface of the solder connection conductive particle may be coated with solder.

上記はんだが、電解めっきあるいははんだペーストにより形成されたものであってもよい。   The solder may be formed by electrolytic plating or solder paste.

本発明は、半導体チップの端子にはんだが形成されており、半導体チップの端子に形成されたはんだにより、半導体チップと上記半導体チップ搭載用基板とが接続された半導体パッケージをさらに提供する。   The present invention further provides a semiconductor package in which solder is formed on the terminals of the semiconductor chip, and the semiconductor chip and the substrate for mounting the semiconductor chip are connected by the solder formed on the terminals of the semiconductor chip.

上記半導体チップの端子に形成されたはんだが、電解めっきあるいははんだペーストにより形成されたものであってもよい。   The solder formed on the terminals of the semiconductor chip may be formed by electrolytic plating or solder paste.

本発明によれば、半導体チップ搭載用基板と半導体チップとのはんだ接続した後に150℃の高温環境下に長期保管された場合であっても、高い衝撃信頼性を得ることができるはんだ接続用導電粒子、及びそのはんだ接続用導電粒子を用いた半導体パッケージを提供することができる。   According to the present invention, even when the semiconductor chip mounting substrate and the semiconductor chip are soldered to each other and then stored for a long time in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C., high impact reliability can be obtained. A particle and a semiconductor package using the conductive particle for solder connection can be provided.

本発明に係るはんだ接続用導電粒子の一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the electrically conductive particle for solder connection which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係るはんだ接続用導電粒子の一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the electrically conductive particle for solder connection which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係るはんだ接続用導電粒子の一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the electrically conductive particle for solder connection which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係るはんだ接続用導電粒子の一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the electrically conductive particle for solder connection which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係るはんだ接続用導電粒子の一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the electrically conductive particle for solder connection which concerns on this invention. はんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップ搭載用基板の端子部の一実施形態を示す模式平面図である。It is a schematic plan view which shows one Embodiment of the terminal part of the board | substrate for semiconductor chip mounting which has an opening part of a solder resist. はんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップ搭載用基板の端子部の一実施形態を示す模式平面図である。It is a schematic plan view which shows one Embodiment of the terminal part of the board | substrate for semiconductor chip mounting which has an opening part of a solder resist. 本発明に係るはんだ接続用導電粒子がはんだにより半導体パッケージ搭載基板に接続された接続構造体の一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the connection structure which the electrically-conductive particle for solder connection which concerns on this invention was connected to the semiconductor package mounting substrate by solder. 本発明に係る導電粒子がはんだにより半導体パッケージ搭載基板に接続された接続構造体の一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the connection structure which the electrically-conductive particle which concerns on this invention was connected to the semiconductor package mounting substrate by solder. はんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップの一実施形態を示す模式平面図である。It is a schematic plan view which shows one Embodiment of the semiconductor chip which has an opening part of a solder resist. はんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップの一実施形態を示す模式平面図である。It is a schematic plan view which shows one Embodiment of the semiconductor chip which has an opening part of a solder resist. 本発明に係るはんだ接続用導電粒子がはんだにより半導体パッケージ搭載基板と半導体チップに接続された半導体パッケージの一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a semiconductor package in which the solder connection conductive particles according to the present invention are connected to the semiconductor package mounting substrate and the semiconductor chip by soldering. 図12に示す半導体パッケージの製造方法の一例を説明するための模式断面図である。FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating an example of a method of manufacturing the semiconductor package shown in FIG. 12. 両面にはんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップ搭載用基板の一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the board | substrate for semiconductor chip mounting which has the opening part of a solder resist on both surfaces. 半導体チップを搭載する側から見た、はんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップ搭載用基板の一実施形態を示す模式平面図である。It is a schematic plan view showing one embodiment of a substrate for semiconductor chip loading which has an opening of solder resist seen from the side which mounts a semiconductor chip. 半導体チップを搭載する側から見た、はんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップの一実施形態を示す模式平面図である。It is a schematic plan view showing one embodiment of a semiconductor chip which has an opening of solder resist seen from the side which carries a semiconductor chip. 本発明に係るはんだ接続用導電粒子がはんだにより半導体パッケージ搭載基板と半導体チップに接続された半導体パッケージの一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a semiconductor package in which the solder connection conductive particles according to the present invention are connected to the semiconductor package mounting substrate and the semiconductor chip by soldering. 実施例1で作製した半導体パッケージにおける、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a connection portion connected by conductive particles for solder connection in the semiconductor package manufactured in Example 1; 実施例1で作製した半導体パッケージを150℃で500時間放置した後の、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows the connection part connected by the electrically-conductive particle for solder connection after leaving the semiconductor package produced in Example 1 at 150 degreeC for 500 hours. 実施例1で作製した半導体パッケージを150℃で1000時間放置した後の、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows the connection part connected by the electrically-conductive particle for solder connection after leaving the semiconductor package produced in Example 1 to stand at 150 degreeC for 1000 hours. 実施例43で作製した半導体パッケージを150℃で1000時間放置した後の、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows the connection part connected by the electrically conductive particle for solder connection after leaving the semiconductor package produced in Example 43 to stand at 150 degreeC for 1000 hours. 比較例4で作製した半導体パッケージにおける、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a connection portion connected by conductive particles for solder connection in the semiconductor package manufactured in Comparative Example 4; 比較例4で作製した半導体パッケージを150℃で500時間放置した後の、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows the connection part connected by the electrically-conductive particle for solder connection after leaving the semiconductor package produced by the comparative example 4 to stand at 150 degreeC for 500 hours. 比較例4で作製した半導体パッケージを150℃で1000時間放置した後の、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows the connection part connected by the electrically-conductive particle for solder connection after leaving the semiconductor package produced by the comparative example 4 to stand at 150 degreeC for 1000 hours. 比較例4で作製した半導体パッケージを、150℃で1000時間放置し、落下衝撃試験を行い、はんだ接続部にクラックが入った場合の断面概略図である。The semiconductor package manufactured in Comparative Example 4 is left to stand at 150 ° C. for 1000 hours, subjected to a drop impact test, and is a schematic cross-sectional view in the case where a crack occurs in a solder connection portion. 比較例9で作製した、はんだ接続用導電粒子の断面概略図である。It is the cross-sectional schematic of the electrically-conductive particle for solder connections produced by the comparative example 9. FIG. 比較例9で作製した半導体パッケージにおける、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows the connection part connected by the electrically-conductive particle for solder connection in the semiconductor package produced by the comparative example 9. FIG. 比較例9で作製した半導体パッケージを150℃で1000時間放置した後の、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows the connection part connected by the electrically-conductive particle for solder connection after leaving the semiconductor package produced by the comparative example 9 to stand at 150 degreeC for 1000 hours. 比較例9で作製した半導体パッケージを、150℃で1000時間放置し、落下衝撃試験を行った際に、はんだ接続部にクラックが入った場合の断面概略図である。When the semiconductor package produced by the comparative example 9 is left to stand at 150 degreeC for 1000 hours, and a drop impact test is performed, it is the cross-sectional schematic at the time of a crack being in a solder connection part. 比較例11で作製した半導体パッケージにおいて、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。In the semiconductor package produced by the comparative example 11, it is a schematic cross section which shows the connection part connected by the electrically-conductive particle for solder connection. 比較例11で作製した半導体パッケージを150℃で1000時間放置した後の、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows the connection part connected by the electrically-conductive particle for solder connection after leaving the semiconductor package produced by the comparative example 11 to stand at 150 degreeC for 1000 hours. 比較例11で作製した半導体パッケージを、150℃で1000時間放置し、落下衝撃試験を行った際に、はんだ接続部にクラックが入った場合の断面概略図である。When the semiconductor package produced by the comparative example 11 is left to stand at 150 degreeC for 1000 hours, and a drop impact test is done, it is the cross-sectional schematic at the time of a crack being in a solder connection part. 比較例14で作製した、はんだ接続用導電粒子の断面概略図である。It is the cross-sectional schematic of the electrically-conductive particle for solder connections produced by the comparative example 14. FIG. 比較例14で作製した半導体パッケージにおいて、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。In the semiconductor package produced by the comparative example 14, it is a schematic cross section which shows the connection part connected by the electrically-conductive particle for solder connection. 比較例14で作製した半導体パッケージを150℃で500時間放置した後の、はんだ接続用導電粒子により接続された接続部を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows the connection part connected by the electrically conductive particle for solder connection after leaving the semiconductor package produced by the comparative example 14 to stand at 150 degreeC for 500 hours.

以下、場合により図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態について説明する。なお、図面の説明において、同一又は同一要素には同一の符号を用い、重複する説明を省略する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as needed. In the description of the drawings, the same reference numerals are used for the same or the same elements, and the redundant description will be omitted.

<はんだ接続用導電粒子>
まず、本実施形態のはんだ接続用導電粒子について図1〜図5を参照しながら説明する。なお、以下では、はんだ接続用導電粒子を単に導電粒子とも呼ぶ。
<Conductive particle for solder connection>
First, the solder connection conductive particles of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. Hereinafter, the conductive particles for solder connection are also simply referred to as conductive particles.

図1に示す導電粒子100aは、平均粒径が10μm〜60μmの球状非導電性粒子1と、球状非導電性粒子1の外側に設けられた金属層9とを備える。金属層9は、球状非導電性粒子1の外側に設けられた、厚さ0.3μm以上のニッケル又はニッケル合金を含有する第1の層3と、該第1の層の外側に設けられた、パラジウム又はパラジウム合金を含有する第2の層4とを備える。   The conductive particle 100 a shown in FIG. 1 includes spherical nonconductive particles 1 having an average particle diameter of 10 μm to 60 μm, and a metal layer 9 provided on the outside of the spherical nonconductive particles 1. The metal layer 9 is provided on the outside of the spherical nonconductive particle 1 and is provided on the outside of the first layer 3 containing nickel or a nickel alloy having a thickness of 0.3 μm or more. And a second layer 4 containing palladium or a palladium alloy.

球状非導電性粒子1の材質としては、特に限定されないが、樹脂又はシリカとすることができる。その具体例としては、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリメチルアクリレート等のアクリル樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリイソブチレン、ポリブタジエン等のポリオレフィン樹脂、ガラス、シリカなどが挙げられる。また、樹脂粒子として、例えば、架橋アクリル粒子、架橋ポリスチレン粒子等も使用可能である。また、はんだによるリフロー接続を行うため、球状非導電性粒子1のガラス転移点(Tg)がはんだの融点よりも高くてもよい。特に、一般的に広く普及しているSn−3質量%Ag−0.5質量%Cuを例にとると、融点は217〜219℃であることから、Tgは220℃以上とすることができる。Tgが220℃以上であると、はんだが溶融して接続した後に、球状非導電性粒子そのものが変形しないため、導電粒子が接続された端子において、球状非導電性粒子が優れた寸法安定性を示すことから、良好な接続信頼性と絶縁信頼性を得られる傾向にある。   The material of the spherical nonconductive particles 1 is not particularly limited, but may be resin or silica. Specific examples thereof include acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polymethyl acrylate, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene and polybutadiene, glass, silica and the like. Further, as the resin particles, for example, cross-linked acrylic particles, cross-linked polystyrene particles and the like can also be used. In addition, the glass transition point (Tg) of the spherical nonconductive particles 1 may be higher than the melting point of the solder in order to perform reflow connection by solder. In particular, taking Sn-3 mass% Ag-0.5 mass% Cu, which is generally widely spread, as an example, the melting point is 217 to 219 ° C., so the Tg can be set to 220 ° C. or higher . When the Tg is 220 ° C. or more, the spherical nonconductive particles themselves do not deform after the solder melts and is connected, so that the spherical nonconductive particles have excellent dimensional stability in the terminal to which the conductive particles are connected. As shown, it tends to be able to obtain good connection reliability and insulation reliability.

球状非導電性粒子1の平均粒径は10〜60μmであり、15〜60μmとすることもできる。平均粒径が10μm以上である場合、衝撃を加えた際に、球状非導電性粒子自体の衝撃を吸収する能力が向上する傾向にある。一方、平均粒径が60μm以下である場合、球状非導電性粒子そのものの粒径のばらつきを小さくしやすい。本実施形態における球状非導電性粒子の平均粒径は、任意の球状非導電性粒子300個について、走査電子顕微鏡(以下、SEM)を用いた観察により粒径の測定を行い、それらの平均値をとることにより得られる。なお、ここでいう球状とは、真球だけでなく、楕円体、任意の回転体等も含み、例えば、アスペクト比としては、0.5以上であってもよく、0.8以上であってもよい。   The average particle diameter of the spherical nonconductive particles 1 is 10 to 60 μm, and may be 15 to 60 μm. When the average particle size is 10 μm or more, the spherical non-conductive particles tend to have an improved ability to absorb the impact when an impact is applied. On the other hand, when the average particle diameter is 60 μm or less, the dispersion of the particle diameter of the spherical nonconductive particles themselves can be easily reduced. The average particle diameter of the spherical nonconductive particles in the present embodiment is determined by measuring the particle diameter of 300 arbitrary spherical nonconductive particles by observation using a scanning electron microscope (hereinafter, SEM), and the average value thereof. It is obtained by taking The term "spherical" as used herein includes not only true spheres but also ellipsoids, arbitrary rotating bodies, etc. For example, the aspect ratio may be 0.5 or more and 0.8 or more. It is also good.

導電粒子100aの平均粒径は12〜80μmであってもよく、12〜65μmであってもよい。導電粒子100aの平均粒径が12〜80μmである場合、衝撃を加えた際の、球状非導電性粒子自体の衝撃を吸収する能力を高く維持することができ、かつ導電粒子100aそのものの粒径のばらつきがを抑えられる傾向にある。本実施形態における導電粒子100aの平均粒径は、任意の導電粒子300個について、走査電子顕微鏡(以下、SEM)を用いた観察により粒径の測定を行い、それらの平均値をとることにより得られる。   The average particle diameter of the conductive particles 100a may be 12 to 80 μm, or 12 to 65 μm. When the average particle diameter of the conductive particles 100a is 12 to 80 μm, the ability of the spherical non-conductive particles themselves to absorb impact upon application of an impact can be maintained high, and the particle diameter of the conductive particles 100a themselves Tend to be less The average particle diameter of the conductive particles 100a in this embodiment is obtained by measuring the particle diameter of 300 arbitrary conductive particles by observation using a scanning electron microscope (hereinafter, SEM) and taking their average value. Be

<第1の層> Ni
第1の層3におけるニッケルの含有量は、83〜100質量%であってもよく、85〜98質量%であってもよく、86〜94質量%であってもよい。ニッケルの含有量が83〜100質量%である場合、第1の層3の外側に形成する第2の層4が析出しやすく、結果として第1の層3の表面全体が第2の層4により被覆されやすくなる傾向にある。ニッケルの含有量が98質量%以下である場合、はんだ接続信頼性がより向上する傾向にある。
<First layer> Ni
The content of nickel in the first layer 3 may be 83 to 100% by mass, 85 to 98% by mass, or 86 to 94% by mass. When the content of nickel is 83 to 100% by mass, the second layer 4 formed on the outside of the first layer 3 tends to precipitate, and as a result, the entire surface of the first layer 3 becomes the second layer Tends to be easily coated. When the content of nickel is 98% by mass or less, the solder connection reliability tends to be further improved.

第1の層3は、例えば、無電解ニッケルめっきにより形成することができる。後述の銅又は銅合金を含有する第6の層2上に第1の層3を形成する場合は、置換パラジウム処理、又はパラジウム触媒化処理を行うことができる。置換パラジウム処理及びパラジウム触媒化処理は公知の方法で行うことができ、その方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、パラジウム触媒化処理として、アルカリシーダ、酸性シーダと呼ばれる触媒化処理液を用いた触媒化処理方法が挙げられる。また、第1の層3を球状非導電性粒子1の表面上にダイレクトに形成する場合は、パラジウム触媒化処理を行うことができ、公知の方法で行うことができ、その方法は特に限定されない。   The first layer 3 can be formed, for example, by electroless nickel plating. In the case where the first layer 3 is formed on the sixth layer 2 containing copper or a copper alloy described later, a displacement palladium treatment or a palladium catalyzed treatment can be performed. The substituted palladium treatment and the palladium catalyzing treatment can be carried out by a known method, and the method is not particularly limited. For example, as the palladium catalyzing treatment, catalyzing using a catalyzing treatment solution called alkaline seeder or acid seeder The treatment method is mentioned. In addition, when the first layer 3 is formed directly on the surface of the spherical nonconductive particles 1, palladium catalysis can be performed, and it can be performed by a known method, and the method is not particularly limited. .

第1の層3の厚みは、0.3〜10μmの範囲とすることができ、0.5〜8μmの範囲とすることができ、1〜5μmの範囲とすることができる。第1の層3の厚みが0.3μm以上であると、はんだとの接続の際に、ニッケルがはんだ中に拡散することによる第1の層3の消失が起こり難く、銅のバリア被膜として機能しやすくなる。そのため、はんだ中のスズと銅が直接接合して銅がはんだ中に拡散し、最終的に銅の層がなくなることにより引き起こされる硬くて脆い金属間化合物層の形成が起こり難くなる。また、第1の層3の厚みが10μm以下であると、めっき時に凝集し難くなる。   The thickness of the first layer 3 can be in the range of 0.3 to 10 μm, can be in the range of 0.5 to 8 μm, and can be in the range of 1 to 5 μm. When the thickness of the first layer 3 is 0.3 μm or more, the loss of the first layer 3 due to the diffusion of nickel into the solder hardly occurs at the time of connection with the solder, and it functions as a copper barrier film It becomes easy to do. As a result, tin and copper in the solder are directly joined to diffuse copper into the solder, and the formation of a hard and brittle intermetallic compound layer caused by the absence of the copper layer finally becomes difficult to occur. In addition, when the thickness of the first layer 3 is 10 μm or less, aggregation is difficult during plating.

第1の層3は、リン又はホウ素を含んでいてもよく、リンを含んでいてもよい。これにより、はんだ接続時に、はんだ中へのニッケルの拡散を抑制することができるため、第1の層3の厚みの減少が抑制される傾向にある。   The first layer 3 may contain phosphorus or boron, and may contain phosphorus. Thereby, at the time of solder connection, since the diffusion of nickel into the solder can be suppressed, the reduction of the thickness of the first layer 3 tends to be suppressed.

第1の層3を無電解ニッケルめっきにより形成する場合、例えば、還元剤として次亜リン酸ナトリウム等のリン含有化合物を用いることで、リンを共析させることができ、ニッケル及びリンを含む合金(ニッケル−リン合金)が含まれる第1の層3を形成することができる。また、還元剤として、例えば、ジメチルアミンボラン、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、水素化ホウ素カリウム等のホウ素含有化合物を用いることで、ホウ素を共析させることができ、ニッケル及びホウ素を含む合金(ニッケル−ホウ素合金)が含まれる第1の層3を形成することができる。   When the first layer 3 is formed by electroless nickel plating, for example, phosphorus can be co-deposited by using a phosphorus-containing compound such as sodium hypophosphite as a reducing agent, and an alloy containing nickel and phosphorus It is possible to form the first layer 3 containing (nickel-phosphorus alloy). Further, by using a boron-containing compound such as dimethylamine borane, sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride as a reducing agent, boron can be co-deposited, and an alloy containing nickel and boron (nickel-boron (The alloy) can be formed.

<第2の層> Pd
第1の層3上に、パラジウム又はパラジウム合金を含有する第2の層4が形成される。第2の層4は、はんだ接続時において、はんだ中に拡散することで層として残存しないようにすることができる。層として残存せずに、はんだ中に拡散することで、Sn−Cu−Ni−Pd系又はSn−Ni−Pd系の金属間化合物を形成することが可能である。かかる金属間化合物におけるPdの含有量は、0.01質量%〜3質量%であってもよく、0.02質量%〜1質量%であってもよく、さらに0.05質量%〜0.5質量%であってもよい。金属間化合物におけるPdの含有量が0.01質量%以上である場合、150℃の高温環境下におけるSn−Cu−Ni系又はSn−Ni系の金属間化合物の成長を抑制する効果を得られやすくなる。一方、金属間化合物におけるPdの含有量が3質量%以下である場合、パラジウムめっき被膜がはんだ中に拡散して消失しやすくなり、耐落下衝撃信頼性が向上する傾向がある。
<Second layer> Pd
On the first layer 3, a second layer 4 containing palladium or a palladium alloy is formed. The second layer 4 can be prevented from remaining as a layer by diffusing into the solder at the time of solder connection. It is possible to form an Sn—Cu—Ni—Pd-based or Sn—Ni—Pd-based intermetallic compound by diffusing into the solder without remaining as a layer. The content of Pd in the intermetallic compound may be 0.01% by mass to 3% by mass, or 0.02% by mass to 1% by mass, and further 0.05% by mass to 0. 5 mass% may be sufficient. When the content of Pd in the intermetallic compound is 0.01% by mass or more, the effect of suppressing the growth of the Sn-Cu-Ni-based or Sn-Ni-based intermetallic compound in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C. is obtained. It will be easier. On the other hand, when the content of Pd in the intermetallic compound is 3% by mass or less, the palladium plating film tends to diffuse and disappear in the solder, and the drop impact reliability tends to be improved.

第2の層4は、はんだの濡れ広がりを確保する層としても機能する。第2の層4の厚みは0.01〜0.5μmであってもよく、0.03〜0.4μmであってもよく、0.05〜0.3μmであってもよい。第2の層4の厚みが0.01μm以上であると、はんだ接続をした際に形成されるSn−Cu−Ni−Pd系、Sn−Ni−Pd系等の金属間化合物におけるPdの含有量が、0.01質量%よりも高くなりやすく、150℃に高温環境下におけるSn−Cu−Ni系又はSn−Ni系の金属間化合物の成長を抑制する効果を得られやすくなる。結果として、耐落下衝撃信頼性が向上する傾向にある。一方、第2の層4の厚みが0.5μm以下の場合、パラジウムめっき被膜がはんだ中に拡散して消失しやすくなり、耐落下衝撃信頼性向上する傾向にある。   The second layer 4 also functions as a layer for securing the spread of the solder. The thickness of the second layer 4 may be 0.01 to 0.5 μm, may be 0.03 to 0.4 μm, and may be 0.05 to 0.3 μm. The content of Pd in the intermetallic compound such as Sn-Cu-Ni-Pd system or Sn-Ni-Pd system formed when solder connection is performed when the thickness of the second layer 4 is 0.01 μm or more However, the content tends to be higher than 0.01% by mass, and the effect of suppressing the growth of the Sn—Cu—Ni based or Sn—Ni based intermetallic compound in a high temperature environment at 150 ° C. can be easily obtained. As a result, the drop impact resistance tends to be improved. On the other hand, when the thickness of the second layer 4 is 0.5 μm or less, the palladium plating film tends to diffuse and disappear in the solder, and the drop impact reliability tends to be improved.

第2の層4は、例えばパラジウムめっき工程を経て形成することができる。第2の層4は無電解めっき型のパラジウム層であってもよい。無電解パラジウムめっきは、置換型(還元剤の入っていないタイプ)、還元型(還元剤の入ったタイプ)のいずれを用いて行ってもよい。このような無電解パラジウムめっきの例としては、還元型ではAPP(石原薬品工業、商品名)等があり、置換型ではMCA(株式会社ワールドメタル製、商品名)等がある。   The second layer 4 can be formed, for example, through a palladium plating process. The second layer 4 may be an electroless plating type palladium layer. Electroless palladium plating may be performed using either a substitution type (a type without a reducing agent) or a reduction type (a type with a reducing agent). As an example of such electroless palladium plating, there are APP (Ishihara Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., trade name) and the like in the reduction type, and MCA (trade name, manufactured by World Metal Co., Ltd.) and the like in the substitution type.

置換型と還元型を比較した場合、還元型はボイドが少なくなりやすい。内側の金属を溶解させながら析出する置換型と比較して、還元型は被覆面積が上がりやすい。   When the substitution type and the reduction type are compared, the reduction type tends to have fewer voids. The reduction area tends to increase in the coating area as compared with the substitution type which precipitates while the inner metal is dissolved.

第2の層4が、第1の層の外側に設けられた第1のパラジウムめっき被膜と、第1のパラジウムめっき被膜の外側に設けられた第2のパラジウムめっき被膜とを有し、第1のパラジウムめっき被膜が、純度が99質量%以上の置換又は無電解パラジウムめっき被膜であり、第2のパラジウムめっき被膜が、純度が90質量%以上99質量%未満の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜であると、以下の傾向がある。
すなわち、第2の層4として、純度が99質量%以上の置換型又は還元型の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜を用いた場合、Sn−Cu−Ni系又はSn−Ni系の金属間化合物にPdが含まれることによって、金属間化合物の成長を抑制する効果をより得やすいが、純度が90質量%以上99質量%未満の還元型の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜を用いた方が、金属間化合物の成長を抑制する効果が高い。一方、90質量%以上99質量%未満の還元型の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜として、無電解パラジウム−リン合金被膜が上げられるが、導電粒子全てに均一な厚みで析出が起こらず、無電解パラジウム−リン被膜が形成されない導電粒子、又は被膜の厚みが薄い導電粒子が生じ易い。この現象は導電粒子の粒径が小さくなるほど現れやすくなる傾向がある。その結果、純度が90質量%以上99質量%未満の還元型の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜のみの場合、パラジウム−リン合金めっき被膜が第1の層3の保護層として機能しなくなるおそれがある。他方、純度が99質量%以上の置換又は還元型の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜であるパラジウムめっき被膜は、純度が90質量%以上99質量%未満の還元型の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜であるパラジウムめっき被膜よりも、第1の層3への析出が起こりやすく、導電粒子全てに均一な厚みで析出が起こり、また、導電粒子の粒径に依存しないで析出する。純度が99質量%以上の置換又は還元型の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜であるパラジウムめっき被膜を形成した導電粒子上には、純度が90質量%以上99質量%未満の還元型の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜の析出が起こりやすいため、導電粒子の粒径に依存せず析出が起こる。そのため、第2の層4が、第1の層の外側に設けられた第1のパラジウムめっき被膜と、第1のパラジウムめっき被膜の外側に設けられた第2のパラジウムめっき被膜とを有し、第1のパラジウムめっき被膜が、純度が99質量%以上の置換又は無電解パラジウムめっき被膜であり、第2のパラジウムめっき被膜が、純度が90質量%以上99質量%未満の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜であると、上述の両者の利点が得られやすい。
The second layer 4 has a first palladium plating film provided on the outside of the first layer and a second palladium plating film provided on the outside of the first palladium plating film. The palladium plating film is a substituted or electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 99% by mass or more, and the second palladium plating film is an electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 90% by mass to less than 99% by mass There is the following tendency.
That is, when a substitution type or reduction type electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 99% by mass or more is used as the second layer 4, Pd is used as the Sn—Cu—Ni or Sn—Ni intermetallic compound. The inclusion of the compound makes it easier to obtain the effect of suppressing the growth of the intermetallic compound, but the use of a reduction-type electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 90% by mass or more and less than 99% by mass results in the growth of the intermetallic compound. The effect of suppressing On the other hand, although an electroless palladium-phosphorus alloy film can be raised as a reduction type electroless palladium plating film of 90% by mass or more and less than 99% by mass, precipitation does not occur with uniform thickness on all the conductive particles. It is easy to produce the conductive particle in which a phosphorus film is not formed, or the conductive particle whose film thickness is thin. This phenomenon tends to occur more easily as the particle size of the conductive particles decreases. As a result, in the case of only a reduction-type electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 90% by mass or more and less than 99% by mass, the palladium-phosphorus alloy plating film may not function as a protective layer of the first layer 3. On the other hand, a palladium plating film which is a substitution or reduction type electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 99% by mass or more is a palladium plating film which is a reduction type electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 90% by mass to less than 99% by mass. Further, precipitation to the first layer 3 is more likely to occur, precipitation occurs with a uniform thickness on all the conductive particles, and precipitation occurs independently of the particle diameter of the conductive particles. A reduction-type electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 90% by mass or more and less than 99% by mass on a conductive particle on which a palladium plating film is formed, which is a substituted or reduced-type electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 99% by mass or more Precipitation is likely to occur, so precipitation occurs independently of the particle size of the conductive particles. Therefore, the second layer 4 has a first palladium plating film provided on the outside of the first layer, and a second palladium plating film provided on the outside of the first palladium plating film, The first palladium plating film is a substituted or electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 99% by mass or more, and the second palladium plating film is an electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 90% by mass to less than 99% by mass. If there is, it is easy to obtain the above-mentioned advantages.

図2に示す導電粒子100bは、図1の導電粒子100aにおける第2の層4の外側に設けられた、層5をさらに有する。層5は、金を含有する第3の層、銀を含有する第4の層、又はスズ若しくはスズ合金を含有する第5の層である。層5を形成することで、はんだの濡れ性が向上する傾向がある。   The conductive particle 100b shown in FIG. 2 further includes a layer 5 provided on the outside of the second layer 4 in the conductive particle 100a of FIG. Layer 5 is a third layer containing gold, a fourth layer containing silver, or a fifth layer containing tin or tin alloy. By forming the layer 5, the wettability of the solder tends to be improved.

第1の層3の外側に、ダイレクトに層5を形成した場合、ニッケル又はニッケル合金は腐食されやすいため、はんだ接続後に腐食された場所を基点として、第1の層3が破壊されやすい。これにより不連続膜となるため、5μm以上の厚みが必要となる。そのため導電粒子の粒径が40μmよりも小さい場合、粒子間の厚みばらつきが大きくなるため、結果として導電粒子の径のばらつきが大きくなるため、半導体チップと半導体チップ搭載用基板の電極間における接続信頼性が低下する要因となる。一方、第2の層4は、層5の形成時に腐食されることがなく、第1の層3の保護層として機能することができるため、0.3μmまで薄膜化することが可能である。そのため、導電粒子の径のばらつきを最小限に抑えることが可能となり、半導体チップと半導体チップ搭載用基板の電極間における接続信頼性を良好にすることが可能となる。   When the layer 5 is formed directly on the outside of the first layer 3, the nickel or nickel alloy is easily corroded, and therefore, the first layer 3 is easily destroyed from the point of the corroded area after the solder connection. Since this causes a discontinuous film, a thickness of 5 μm or more is required. Therefore, when the particle size of the conductive particles is smaller than 40 μm, the thickness variation among the particles becomes large, and as a result, the variation of the diameter of the conductive particles becomes large. Therefore, the connection reliability between the electrodes of the semiconductor chip and the semiconductor chip mounting substrate It becomes a factor that decreases the sex. On the other hand, since the second layer 4 is not corroded at the time of formation of the layer 5 and can function as a protective layer of the first layer 3, it can be thinned to 0.3 μm. Therefore, the variation in diameter of the conductive particles can be minimized, and the connection reliability between the electrodes of the semiconductor chip and the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip can be improved.

<第3の層> Au
第2の層4上に、金を含む第3の層が設けられた場合、はんだの濡れ性をさらに向上させることができる。
第2の層4上に形成する場合、第3の層の厚みは、0.01〜0.3μmであってよく、0.03〜0.2μmであってよく、0.05μm〜0.15μmであってよい。第3の層の厚みが0.01μm以上であると、はんだの濡れ性が向上し、はんだの接続が良好となるため、信頼性が向上する傾向にある。一方、第3の層の厚みが0.3μmより厚くても特性上は問題ないが、製造コストの点から、0.3μm以下とすることができる。
<Third Layer> Au
When the third layer containing gold is provided on the second layer 4, the wettability of the solder can be further improved.
When formed on the second layer 4, the thickness of the third layer may be 0.01 to 0.3 μm, may be 0.03 to 0.2 μm, and may be 0.05 to 0.15 μm. It may be. When the thickness of the third layer is 0.01 μm or more, the wettability of the solder is improved, and the connection of the solder is improved, so that the reliability tends to be improved. On the other hand, even if the thickness of the third layer is thicker than 0.3 μm, there is no problem in characteristics, but it can be 0.3 μm or less from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost.

金を含む第3の層は、例えば無電解金めっき工程を経て形成することができる。無電解金めっきには置換型と還元型があるが、置換型の金めっきを行った後に、還元型の金めっきを行ってもよい。置換型金めっきとしてはHGS−100(日立化成、商品名)、還元型金めっきとしては、HGS−2000(日立化成、商品名)のような市販の金めっき液を用いることができる。   The third layer containing gold can be formed, for example, through an electroless gold plating process. There are a substitution type and a reduction type in electroless gold plating, but after the substitution type gold plating is performed, the reduction type gold plating may be performed. A commercially available gold plating solution such as HGS-100 (Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name) can be used as the substitution type gold plating, and HGS-2000 (Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name) as the reduction type gold plating.

<第4の層> Ag
第2の層4上に、銀を含む第4の層が設けられた場合、はんだの濡れ性をさらに向上させることができる。
第4の層の厚みは、0.01μm〜0.3μmであってよく、0.03μm〜0.2μmであってよく、0.05μmm〜0.15μmであってよい。第4の層の厚みが0.01μm以上であると、はんだの濡れ性が向上し、はんだの接続が良好となるため、信頼性が向上する傾向にある。一方、製造コストの観点から、第4の層の厚みが0.3μm以下であってよい。
<Fourth layer> Ag
When the fourth layer containing silver is provided on the second layer 4, the wettability of the solder can be further improved.
The thickness of the fourth layer may be 0.01 μm to 0.3 μm, may be 0.03 μm to 0.2 μm, and may be 0.05 μm to 0.15 μm. When the thickness of the fourth layer is 0.01 μm or more, the wettability of the solder is improved and the connection of the solder is improved, so that the reliability tends to be improved. On the other hand, the thickness of the fourth layer may be 0.3 μm or less from the viewpoint of the manufacturing cost.

銀を含む第4の層は、例えば無電解銀めっき工程を経て形成することができる。無電解銀めっきには置換型と還元型があるが、還元型の無電解銀めっきを行ってもよい。一方、還元型の無電解銀めっき液を用いた場合、下地層の腐食が抑制された状態で無電解銀めっき被膜が形成されるため、球状非導電性粒子とめっき被膜との密着性が保たれやすい。そのため、良好なはんだ接続信頼性を得られる傾向にある。   The fourth layer containing silver can be formed, for example, through an electroless silver plating process. There are a substitution type and a reduction type in electroless silver plating, but a reduction type of electroless silver plating may be performed. On the other hand, when the reduction type electroless silver plating solution is used, the electroless silver plating film is formed in a state in which the corrosion of the underlayer is suppressed, so that the adhesion between the spherical nonconductive particles and the plating film is maintained. Easy to catch. Therefore, it tends to be able to obtain good solder connection reliability.

無電解銀めっき液に用いる銀の供給源としては、特に限定されないが、めっき液に可溶性であるものであれば特に限定されず、例えば硝酸銀、酸化銀、硫酸銀、塩化銀、亜硫酸銀、炭酸銀、酢酸銀、乳酸銀、スルホコハク酸銀、スルホン酸銀、スルファミン酸銀、シュウ酸銀等を用いることができる。これら水溶性銀化合物は、1種単独で又は2種以上を併せて用いることができる。   The source of silver used in the electroless silver plating solution is not particularly limited, but is not particularly limited as long as it is soluble in the plating solution, and examples thereof include silver nitrate, silver oxide, silver sulfate, silver chloride, silver sulfite, carbonate Silver, silver acetate, silver lactate, silver sulfosuccinate, silver sulfonate, silver sulfamate, silver oxalate and the like can be used. These water-soluble silver compounds can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

無電解銀めっき液に用いる還元剤としては、めっき液中の水溶性銀化合物を金属銀に還元する能力を有するものであって水溶性の化合物であれば特に限定されないが、例えばヒドラジン誘導体、ホルムアルデヒド化合物、ヒドロキシルアミン類、糖類、ロッシェル塩、水素化ホウ素化合物、次亜リン酸塩、DMAB、アスコルビン酸等を用いることができる。これら還元剤は、1種単独で又は2種以上を併せて用いることができる。   The reducing agent used for the electroless silver plating solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a water-soluble compound having the ability to reduce the water-soluble silver compound in the plating solution to metallic silver. Compounds, hydroxylamines, saccharides, Rochelle salts, borohydride compounds, hypophosphites, DMAB, ascorbic acid and the like can be used. These reducing agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

無電解銀めっき液中に、安定剤又は錯化剤を添加することが可能で、必要に応じて添加してもよい。錯化剤としては、特に限定されないが、亜硫酸塩、コハク酸イミド、ヒダントイン誘導体、エチレンジアミン、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)等を用いることができる。これら錯化剤は、1種単独で又は2種以上を併せて用いることができる。   A stabilizer or complexing agent can be added to the electroless silver plating solution, and may be added as needed. The complexing agent is not particularly limited, and sulfites, succinimides, hydantoin derivatives, ethylenediamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the like can be used. These complexing agents can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

なお、その他、本実施形態に係る無電解銀めっき液には、上述の成分以外に、必要に応じて公知の界面活性剤、pH調整剤、緩衝剤、平滑剤、応力緩和剤等の添加剤を混合してもよい。   In addition, in addition to the components described above, additives such as known surfactants, pH adjusters, buffers, smoothing agents, stress relaxation agents and the like may be added to the electroless silver plating solution according to the present embodiment, as necessary. May be mixed.

本実施形態に係る無電解銀めっき液は、液温として30〜80℃の範囲で用いることができ、特に45〜60℃程度で用いることにより、めっき液の安定性をより一層に良好にすることができる。めっき液の温度が30℃以上であると、銀の析出速度が速く、短時間で所定の銀析出量を得られる傾向にある。一方で、自己分解反応による還元剤の損失、又はめっき液安定性の低下を抑制する観点から、めっき液の温度が80℃以下であってもよい。   The electroless silver plating solution according to the present embodiment can be used in the range of 30 to 80 ° C. as a solution temperature, and in particular, the stability of the plating solution is further improved by using it at about 45 to 60 ° C. be able to. When the temperature of the plating solution is 30 ° C. or more, the deposition rate of silver is fast, and a predetermined amount of deposited silver tends to be obtained in a short time. On the other hand, the temperature of the plating solution may be 80 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of suppressing the loss of the reducing agent due to the autolysis reaction or the decrease in the stability of the plating solution.

また、無電解銀めっき液のpHは、1〜14の範囲で使用することができる。特に、めっき液のpHを6〜13程度とすることによって、めっき液の安定性をより一層に良好にすることができる。めっき液のpH調整は、通常、pHを下げる場合には、水溶性銀塩のアニオン部分と同種のアニオン部分を有する酸、例えば水溶性銀塩として硫酸銀を用いる場合には硫酸、水溶性銀塩として硝酸銀を用いる場合には硝酸を用いて行う。pHを上げる場合には、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アンモニア等を用いて行う。   In addition, the pH of the electroless silver plating solution can be used in the range of 1 to 14. In particular, by setting the pH of the plating solution to about 6 to 13, the stability of the plating solution can be further improved. The pH adjustment of the plating solution is usually an acid having an anion moiety of the same type as the anion moiety of the water-soluble silver salt when lowering the pH, for example, sulfuric acid when using silver sulfate as the water-soluble silver salt, water-soluble silver When silver nitrate is used as the salt, nitric acid is used. In order to raise the pH, alkali metal hydroxide, ammonia and the like are used.

<第5の層> Sn
第2の層4上に、スズを含む第5の層が設けられる場合、はんだの濡れ性を向上させることができる傾向にある。
スズを含む第5の層は、無電解めっき又は電解めっきにより形成することが可能で、膜厚の均一性の点から無電解めっきであってもよい。また、粒径が小さくなるに従い、電解めっきでは、電解めっき時に、粒子同士が凝集しやすくなってくるため、生産性の点から無電解めっきの方であってもよい。一方、無電解めっきによりスズを含む第5の層の形成した場合、スズの含有量が99%以上となりやすいため、スズを含む第5の層における他金属の含有量をコントロールする観点からは、電解めっきであってもよい。
<Fifth Layer> Sn
When the fifth layer containing tin is provided on the second layer 4, the wettability of the solder tends to be able to be improved.
The fifth layer containing tin can be formed by electroless plating or electrolytic plating, and may be electroless plating in terms of film thickness uniformity. Further, as the particle size decreases, in the electrolytic plating, the particles are easily aggregated at the time of the electrolytic plating, and therefore, from the viewpoint of productivity, the electroless plating may be used. On the other hand, when the fifth layer containing tin is formed by electroless plating, the content of tin is likely to be 99% or more. From the viewpoint of controlling the content of other metals in the fifth layer containing tin, It may be electrolytic plating.

第5の層の厚みは0.03〜10μmであってもよく、0.05〜5μmであってもよく、0.1〜2μmであってもよい。第5の層の厚みが0.03μm以上であると、はんだの濡れ性が向上し、はんだの接続が良好になるため、信頼性が向上する傾向にある。一方、粒子同士が凝集を抑制し、生産性を向上させる観点からは、第5の層の厚みが10μm以下であってもよい。   The thickness of the fifth layer may be 0.03 to 10 μm, may be 0.05 to 5 μm, and may be 0.1 to 2 μm. When the thickness of the fifth layer is 0.03 μm or more, the wettability of the solder is improved, and the connection of the solder is improved, so that the reliability tends to be improved. On the other hand, the thickness of the fifth layer may be 10 μm or less from the viewpoint of suppressing the aggregation among the particles and improving the productivity.

第5の層は、Ag、Cu、Ni、Bi、Zn、Pd、Pb、Au、P又はBを含んでもよい。特に、融点を220℃程度まで低下することが可能で、なおかつはんだの強度を向上させることが可能で、良好なはんだ接続信頼性を得られる点から、AgとCuを含有することもできる。スズを含む第5の層におけるCuの含有率は、0.05〜10質量%であってもよく、0.1〜5質量%であってもよく、0.2〜3質量%であってもよい。0.05質量%以上であると、良好なはんだ接続信頼性を得られやすくなる。一方、10質量%以下であると、融点が低くなり、はんだの濡れ性が向上し、結果として接合部の接続信頼性が良好となりやすい。また、Agを含有する場合、Ag3Snが形成されてはんだ中に分散され、衝撃時におけるはんだの強度を向上させることができる点から、スズを含む第5の層におけるAgの含有率は、0.05〜10質量%であってもよく、0.1〜5質量%であってもよく、0.2〜3質量%であってもよい。0.05質量%以上であると、良好なはんだ接続信頼性を得られやすくなる。一方、10質量%以下であると、融点が低くなり、はんだの濡れ性が向上し、結果として接合部の接続信頼性が良好となりやすい。   The fifth layer may contain Ag, Cu, Ni, Bi, Zn, Pd, Pb, Au, P or B. In particular, it is possible to lower the melting point to about 220 ° C., and also to improve the strength of the solder, and to obtain good solder connection reliability, it is possible to contain Ag and Cu. The content of Cu in the fifth layer containing tin may be 0.05 to 10% by mass, may be 0.1 to 5% by mass, or 0.2 to 3% by mass. It is also good. When it is 0.05% by mass or more, good solder connection reliability can be easily obtained. On the other hand, if it is 10% by mass or less, the melting point is lowered, the wettability of the solder is improved, and as a result, the connection reliability of the joint tends to be good. In addition, in the case of containing Ag, Ag3Sn is formed and dispersed in the solder, and the content of Ag in the fifth layer containing tin is 0. 0 from the viewpoint that the strength of the solder at impact can be improved. 05-10 mass% may be sufficient, 0.1-5 mass% may be sufficient, 0.2-3 mass% may be sufficient. When it is 0.05% by mass or more, good solder connection reliability can be easily obtained. On the other hand, if it is 10% by mass or less, the melting point is lowered, the wettability of the solder is improved, and as a result, the connection reliability of the joint tends to be good.

無電解スズめっきには置換型と還元型があるが、還元型の無電解スズめっきを行ってもよい。還元型の無電解スズめっき液を用いた場合、下地層の腐食が抑制された状態で無電解スズめっき被膜が形成されるため、球状非導電性粒子1とめっき無電解スズ被膜との密着性が保たれ、良好なはんだ接続信頼性を得られやすい。   There are a substitution type and a reduction type in electroless tin plating, but a reduction type of electroless tin plating may be performed. When a reduction type electroless tin plating solution is used, an electroless tin plating film is formed in a state in which the corrosion of the underlayer is suppressed, so the adhesion between the spherical nonconductive particles 1 and the plated electroless tin film It is easy to obtain good solder connection reliability.

無電解スズめっき液に含まれる酸は、pH調整剤及びスズイオンの安定化剤として機能する。上記酸としては、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、ホウフッ化水素酸、リン酸等の無機酸、ギ酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸等のカルボン酸、メタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸等のアルカンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、フェノールスルホン酸、クレゾールスルホン酸等の芳香族スルホン酸などの水溶性有機酸を挙げることができる。このうち、第5の層の形成速度、及びスズ化合物の溶解性等の点から硫酸又は塩酸であってもよい。酸の濃度は1〜50質量%であってもよく、5〜40質量%であってもよく、10〜30質量%の範囲であってもよい。上記範囲内であれば、銅−スズ合金層、ニッケル−スズ合金層を容易に形成できる傾向にある。   The acid contained in the electroless tin plating solution functions as a pH adjuster and a stabilizer for tin ions. Examples of the acid include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, borofluoric acid and phosphoric acid, carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, alkanesulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid and ethanesulfonic acid, benzene Water-soluble organic acids such as aromatic sulfonic acids such as sulfonic acid, phenol sulfonic acid, cresol sulfonic acid and the like can be mentioned. Among these, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid may be used from the viewpoint of the formation rate of the fifth layer and the solubility of the tin compound. The concentration of the acid may be 1 to 50% by mass, 5 to 40% by mass, or 10 to 30% by mass. If it is in the said range, it exists in the tendency which can form a copper tin alloy layer and a nickel tin alloy layer easily.

無電解スズめっき液に含まれるスズ化合物は、酸性溶液に可溶性のものである限り、スズ塩、スズ酸化物等の中から特に制限なく使用できるが、その溶解性から、上記酸との塩類であってもよい。例えば、硫酸第一スズ、硫酸第二スズ、ホウフッ化第一スズ、ホウフッ化第二スズ、フッ化第一スズ、フッ化第二スズ、硝酸第一スズ、硝酸第二スズ、塩化第一スズ、塩化第二スズ、ギ酸第一スズ、ギ酸第二スズ、酢酸第一スズ、酢酸第二スズ等の第一スズ塩又は第二スズ塩が使用できる。無電解スズめっき液におけるスズ化合物の濃度は、0.05〜10質量%の範囲であってもよく、0.1〜5質量%の範囲であってもよく、0.5〜3質量%の範囲であってもよい。上記範囲内であれば、銅−スズ合金層、ニッケル−スズ合金層を容易に形成できる傾向にある。   The tin compound contained in the electroless tin plating solution can be used without particular limitation from tin salts, tin oxides and the like as long as it is soluble in an acidic solution, but from the solubility, salts with the above acids It may be. For example, stannous sulfate, stannic sulfate, stannous borofluoride, stannous borofluoride, stannous fluoride, stannous fluoride, stannous nitrate, stannous nitrate, stannous chloride It is possible to use stannous salts or stannous salts such as stannic chloride, stannous formate, stannous formate, stannous acetate, stannous acetate and the like. The concentration of the tin compound in the electroless tin plating solution may be in the range of 0.05 to 10% by mass, may be in the range of 0.1 to 5% by mass, or 0.5 to 3% by mass. It may be a range. If it is in the said range, it exists in the tendency which can form a copper tin alloy layer and a nickel tin alloy layer easily.

無電解スズめっき液に含まれる錯化剤は、第2の層4に配位してキレートを形成し、表面にスズめっき層を形成しやすくするものである。例えば、チオ尿素、1,3−ジメチルチオ尿素、1,3−ジエチル−2−チオ尿素、チオグリコール酸等のチオ尿素誘導体などが使用できる。無電解スズめっき液における錯化剤の濃度は、1〜50質量%の範囲であってもよく、5〜40質量%であってもよく、10〜30質量%の範囲であってもよい。この範囲内であれば、スズめっき層の形成速度を低下させずに、第2の層4との接着性を確保できる傾向にある。   The complexing agent contained in the electroless tin plating solution is coordinated to the second layer 4 to form a chelate, thereby facilitating the formation of a tin plating layer on the surface. For example, thiourea derivatives such as thiourea, 1,3-dimethylthiourea, 1,3-diethyl-2-thiourea, thioglycolic acid and the like can be used. The concentration of the complexing agent in the electroless tin plating solution may be in the range of 1 to 50% by mass, 5 to 40% by mass, or 10 to 30% by mass. Within this range, the adhesiveness to the second layer 4 tends to be secured without reducing the formation speed of the tin plating layer.

無電解スズめっき液には、上記成分の他、安定化剤、界面活性剤等の添加剤が含まれていてもよい。   The electroless tin plating solution may contain, in addition to the above components, additives such as a stabilizer and a surfactant.

上記安定化剤は、第2の層4の表面の近傍において、反応に必要な各成分の濃度を維持するための添加剤である。例えば、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等のグリコール類、セロソルブ、カルビトール、ブチルカルビトール等のグリコールエーテル類などが例示できる。無電解スズめっき液における安定化剤の濃度は、1〜80質量%であってもよく、5〜60質量%であってもよく、10〜50質量%の範囲であってもよい。上記範囲内であれば、第2の層4表面の近傍において、反応に必要な各成分の濃度を容易に維持できる傾向にある。   The stabilizer is an additive for maintaining the concentration of each component necessary for the reaction in the vicinity of the surface of the second layer 4. For example, glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and glycol ethers such as cellosolve, carbitol and butyl carbitol can be exemplified. The concentration of the stabilizer in the electroless tin plating solution may be 1 to 80% by mass, 5 to 60% by mass, or 10 to 50% by mass. Within the above range, the concentration of each component required for the reaction tends to be easily maintained in the vicinity of the surface of the second layer 4.

上記界面活性剤としては、例えば、ノニオン系界面活性剤、アニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤等が例示できる。   As said surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant etc. can be illustrated, for example.

スズを含む第5の層を、電解めっきにより形成する場合、市販の電解用スズめっき液を使用することが可能で特に限定しない。また、めっき装置としては、バレルめっき装置であれば特に限定するものではないが、斜め型のバレルめっき装置が粒子同士の凝集を抑制できる傾向にある。   When forming the 5th layer containing tin by electrolytic plating, it is possible to use a commercially available tin plating solution for electrolysis, and it does not specifically limit. Further, the plating apparatus is not particularly limited as long as it is a barrel plating apparatus, but the oblique type barrel plating apparatus tends to be capable of suppressing aggregation of particles.

スズを含む第5の層を、スパッタにより形成する場合、市販のスパッタ装置を使用することが可能で特に限定しないが、バレル方式によるスパッタ装置であれば特に限定するものではない。円筒状、斜め状、多角形状等のバレルスパッタ装置が粒子同士の凝集を抑制できる傾向にある。   When the fifth layer containing tin is formed by sputtering, a commercially available sputtering apparatus can be used without particular limitation, but it is not particularly limited as long as it is a barrel-type sputtering apparatus. Barrel sputtering devices having a cylindrical shape, an oblique shape, a polygonal shape or the like tend to suppress aggregation of particles.

また、導電粒子は、球状非導電性粒子1と第1の層3との間に第1の層3とは別の層を備えていてもよい。図3に示す導電粒子100cは、球状非導電性粒子1と第1の層3との間に、厚さ0.1μm以上の銅又は銅合金を含有する第6の層2を有する。銅はニッケルよりも延性のある材料であることから、第6の層2を球状非導電性粒子1と第1の層3の間に形成することにより、外部からの衝撃を吸収しやすくなり、はんだ接続信頼性が向上する傾向にある。また、ニッケルよりも銅の方が、抵抗値が低いことから、高速及び高周波信号を流した際に、ノイズの発生が少なくなり、信号の高速化及び高周波化に対応しやすくなる。   Also, the conductive particles may be provided with a layer different from the first layer 3 between the spherical non-conductive particles 1 and the first layer 3. The conductive particle 100c shown in FIG. 3 has a sixth layer 2 containing copper or a copper alloy with a thickness of 0.1 μm or more between the spherical nonconductive particle 1 and the first layer 3. Since copper is a material more ductile than nickel, forming the sixth layer 2 between the spherical nonconductive particles 1 and the first layer 3 facilitates absorption of external impact, Solder connection reliability tends to improve. In addition, since copper has a lower resistance value than nickel, the generation of noise is reduced when high speed and high frequency signals are flowed, and it becomes easy to cope with high speed and high frequency signals.

また、図4に示す導電粒子100dのように、第6の層2を備える場合、必要に応じて、第6の層2の厚みを球状非導電性粒子1の直径の2分の1以上としてもよい。高速及び高周波信号を流した際に、銅の割合が多い方が、抵抗値が低くなる傾向があることから、第6の層2の厚みをこのような範囲とした場合、ノイズの発生が少なくなり、信号の高速化及び高周波化に対応しやすくなる。   When the sixth layer 2 is provided as in the conductive particle 100 d shown in FIG. 4, the thickness of the sixth layer 2 is set to a half or more of the diameter of the spherical non-conductive particle 1 as necessary. It is also good. When high-speed and high-frequency signals are sent, the higher the proportion of copper, the lower the resistance value. Therefore, when the thickness of the sixth layer 2 is in such a range, generation of noise is small. This makes it easy to cope with speeding up and high frequency of the signal.

図5に示す導電粒子100eは、球状非導電性粒子1と、球状非導電性粒子1の外側に設けられた第6の層2と、第6の層2の外側に設けられた第1の層3と、第1の層3の外側に設けられた第2の層4と、第2の層4の外側に設けられた、第3の層、第4の層、又は第5の層と、の4層以上の構造を有する。このような構造を有していると、銅の延性が高いことから、第6の層2を形成することで、衝撃を加えた際に衝撃を吸収しやすくなり、はんだ接続信頼性を向上できる。さらに、層5を形成する場合、第2の層4が最表層にある場合よりも、はんだの濡れ性が向上する傾向がある。   The conductive particle 100 e shown in FIG. 5 includes a spherical nonconductive particle 1, a sixth layer 2 provided outside the spherical nonconductive particle 1, and a first layer provided outside the sixth layer 2. A layer 3, a second layer 4 provided outside the first layer 3, and a third layer, a fourth layer, or a fifth layer provided outside the second layer 4; , Has a structure of four or more layers. With such a structure, since the ductility of copper is high, by forming the sixth layer 2, it becomes easy to absorb an impact when it is applied, and solder connection reliability can be improved. . Furthermore, when the layer 5 is formed, the wettability of the solder tends to be improved as compared to the case where the second layer 4 is the outermost layer.

<第6の層> Cu
また、球状非導電性粒子の外側に設けられる金属層9のうち、球状非導電性粒子に近い側に設けられる第6の層2は銅又は銅合金を含む。銅は、柔軟性及び延性があり、圧縮後も金属割れ等が発生し難い。さらに、銅はコスト、めっき液の扱いやすさ等の点でも優れている。また、銅合金としては銅とニッケル等との合金を用いることができる。銅合金は銅と比較して球状非導電性粒子に対する接着強度の点で優れている。銅合金を用いる場合、導電性の観点から、銅の含有量は70質量%以上であることがであってもよく、90〜100質量%の範囲であってもよい。
<Sixth Layer> Cu
Further, among the metal layers 9 provided outside the spherical nonconductive particles, the sixth layer 2 provided near the spherical nonconductive particles contains copper or a copper alloy. Copper has flexibility and ductility, and metal cracking and the like are unlikely to occur even after compression. Furthermore, copper is also superior in terms of cost, ease of handling of the plating solution, and the like. Further, an alloy of copper and nickel can be used as the copper alloy. Copper alloys are superior to copper in the adhesive strength to spherical nonconductive particles. When using a copper alloy, the content of copper may be 70% by mass or more, and may be in the range of 90 to 100% by mass from the viewpoint of conductivity.

第6の層2の厚みは、0.1μm〜10μmの範囲であってもよく、0.2μm〜8μmの範囲であってもよく、0.3μm〜5μmの範囲であってもよい。第1の層の厚みが0.1μm未満であると、銅のもつ柔軟性及び延性の特性を生かすことができなくなり、工程が多くなるだけで、第6の層2を形成することに意味が得られなくなる。一方、第6の層2の厚みが10μmを超えるとめっき時に凝集しやすくなる。   The thickness of the sixth layer 2 may be in the range of 0.1 μm to 10 μm, in the range of 0.2 μm to 8 μm, or in the range of 0.3 μm to 5 μm. If the thickness of the first layer is less than 0.1 μm, it will not be possible to take advantage of the flexibility and ductility properties of copper, and it will be meaningful to form the sixth layer 2 only with many steps. It can not be obtained. On the other hand, when the thickness of the sixth layer 2 exceeds 10 μm, it tends to aggregate at the time of plating.

第6の層2は、例えば銅めっき工程を経て形成することができる。銅めっきの工程としては、まず銅めっきを行う前にパラジウム触媒を付与し、その後無電解銅めっきを行うのがよい。   The sixth layer 2 can be formed, for example, through a copper plating process. As a step of copper plating, it is preferable to first apply a palladium catalyst before copper plating and then perform electroless copper plating.

無電解銅めっきの組成としては、(i)硫酸銅等の水溶性銅塩、(ii)ホルマリン等の還元剤、(iii)ロッシェル塩、EDTA等の錯化剤、(iv)水酸化アルカリ等のpH調整剤を加えたものとすることができる。   The composition of the electroless copper plating is (i) a water-soluble copper salt such as copper sulfate, (ii) a reducing agent such as formalin, (iii) a complexing agent such as Rochelle salt, EDTA, (iv) alkali hydroxide, etc. And a pH adjuster of

また、次亜リン酸ナトリウム、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、ジメチルアミンボラン、ヒドラジン等の銅還元剤を用いてもよい。   In addition, a copper reducing agent such as sodium hypophosphite, sodium borohydride, dimethylamine borane, or hydrazine may be used.

また、クエン酸、酒石酸、ヒドロキシ酢酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸、グルコン酸、グリシン等のアミノ酸、エチレンジアミン、アルキルアミン等のアミン類、その他のアンモニウム、EDTA、ピロリン酸などの銅錯化剤を用いてもよい。   In addition, amino acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid, hydroxyacetic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, and glycine, amines such as ethylenediamine and alkylamine, and other ammonium, copper complexing agents such as EDTA and pyrophosphate Good.

上記めっき液に硫酸ニッケル等の他の金属イオン源を用いることで合金めっきを行うこともできる。特に微量のニッケルが入ると「樹脂―金属間」又は「ガラス―金属間」の結合強度が増すため、状況に応じてニッケルを添加することができる。   Alloy plating can also be performed by using another metal ion source such as nickel sulfate for the plating solution. In particular, nickel can be added depending on the situation, since a small amount of nickel will increase the “resin-metal” or “glass-metal” bond strength.

無電解銅めっき終了後の水洗は、短時間に効率よく行うことが望ましい。水洗時間が短いほど、銅表面に酸化被膜ができにくいため、後のめっきが有利になる。   It is desirable to efficiently perform washing in a short time after completion of electroless copper plating. The shorter the water washing time, the less likely the oxide film is formed on the copper surface, and the later plating is advantageous.

本実施形態の導電粒子によれば、はんだ接続の際に、Sn−Cu−Ni系、Sn−Ni系等の金属間化合物にPdが含有されたSn−Cu−Ni−Pd系、Sn−Ni−Pd系等の金属間化合物が形成される。これにより、硬くて脆いSn−Cu−Ni系、Sn−Ni系等の金属間化合物の成長を抑制することが可能となる。そのため、上記導電粒子を用いてはんだ接続された半導体パッケージは150℃の高温環境下に長時間放置した場合であっても高いはんだ接続信頼性を得ることが可能になる。
はんだ接続によりパラジウム及び金ははんだ中に拡散して被膜は消失するが、特にパラジウムは、ニッケルとはんだの間の金属間化合物に1質量%以下の含有量で含有されて、ニッケルのはんだへの拡散を抑制する効果が高いため、ニッケルが銅のバリア被膜として機能する効果を高めることができる。このため繰り返しのリフロー後、また、150℃の環境下においてもニッケルのはんだへの拡散を抑制する効果が高く、「球状非導電性粒子/銅(連続膜)/ニッケル(連続膜)/金属間化合物(パラジウム含有量1質量%以下)/はんだ」の構造となり、良好な信頼性を得ることが可能になると考えられる。なお、以下、導電粒子の構成の説明において、/を使用する際は、/の左側の層(又は球状非導電性粒子)の外側に右側の層が形成されていることを意味するものとする。
According to the conductive particles of this embodiment, at the time of solder connection, Sn—Cu—Ni—Pd, Sn—Ni in which Pd is contained in the intermetallic compound such as Sn—Cu—Ni, Sn—Ni, etc. An intermetallic compound such as Pd-based is formed. This makes it possible to suppress the growth of intermetallic compounds such as hard and brittle Sn—Cu—Ni and Sn—Ni. Therefore, it becomes possible to obtain high solder connection reliability even when the semiconductor package soldered using the conductive particles is left in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C. for a long time.
Although palladium and gold diffuse into the solder and the film disappears due to the solder connection, in particular, palladium is contained in the intermetallic compound between nickel and the solder in a content of 1 mass% or less, and the nickel to the solder is Since the effect of suppressing diffusion is high, the effect of nickel functioning as a copper barrier film can be enhanced. Therefore, the effect of suppressing the diffusion of nickel into the solder is high after repeated reflow and also in an environment of 150 ° C. “Spherical non-conductive particles / copper (continuous film) / nickel (continuous film) / intermetallic It becomes a structure of a compound (palladium content: 1% by mass or less) / solder, and it becomes possible to obtain good reliability. In addition, in the following description of the configuration of the conductive particles, when using /, it means that the layer on the right side is formed on the outside of the layer on the left side of (or the spherical nonconductive particles). .

本実施形態に係る方法によって、上記の接続構造体を得られる理由について、本発明者らは以下のとおり推察する。本発明による、半導体チップ搭載用基板に導電粒子を搭載する方法としては、あらかじめ半導体チップ搭載用基板の電極に形成したはんだ層にフラックスを塗布し、本実施形態の導電粒子をフラックス上に付着させ、その後にリフロー等の工程により、はんだを粒子表面に濡れあがらせる。パラジウムは、はんだの濡れ性が高い金属である。リフロー等の工程により、はんだを粒子表面に濡れあがらせることで、粒子表面の半分以上をはんだにより被覆することが可能で、導電粒子を導体パッケージ基板に十分固着化させることが可能となる。さらにこの後に、電極にはんだ層を形成しフラックスを塗布した半導体チップ側の電極と接続させることで、導電粒子の全面がはんだにより被覆される。寸法精度の高い球状非導電性粒子を用いているために、電極間の高さの寸法精度が高く、衝撃を加えても衝撃が分散されやすく、耐落下衝撃信頼性の高い半導体パッケージを得ることが可能になると考えられる。   The present inventors speculate as follows about the reason which can obtain said connection structure by the method which concerns on this embodiment. As a method of mounting conductive particles on a semiconductor chip mounting substrate according to the present invention, a flux is applied to a solder layer previously formed on an electrode of the semiconductor chip mounting substrate, and the conductive particles of the present embodiment are attached onto the flux. Then, the solder is wetted to the particle surface by a process such as reflow. Palladium is a metal with high solder wettability. By wetting the solder to the particle surface by a process such as reflow, it is possible to coat half or more of the particle surface with the solder, and it is possible to sufficiently fix the conductive particles to the conductor package substrate. Further, after this, a solder layer is formed on the electrode and connected to the electrode on the side of the semiconductor chip coated with the flux, so that the whole surface of the conductive particle is covered with the solder. The use of spherical non-conductive particles with high dimensional accuracy makes it possible to obtain a semiconductor package having high dimensional accuracy of the height between the electrodes, which is easy to disperse the impact even if an impact is applied, and which has high drop impact reliability. Will be possible.

はんだの濡れ性が重要となるため、パラジウムの表層に、金、銀、スズ又はスズ合金からなる金属を形成してもよく、はんだの濡れ性が高い、金を形成することができる。   Since the wettability of the solder is important, a metal made of gold, silver, tin or a tin alloy may be formed on the surface layer of palladium, and gold having high solder wettability can be formed.

本実施形態に係る導電粒子の構造として、球状非導電性粒子に近い順に、銅/ニッケル/パラジウム/金の4層構造とすることができる。この理由として、銅は延性が高いため、衝撃が加えられた際に、球状非導電性粒子に追従し、球状非導電性粒子との良好な接着性を保つことができるためである。また、最表層の金は、パラジウムよりもはんだの濡れ性が高いため、導電粒子表面がはんだにより被覆されやすいため、耐落下衝撃信頼性の高い半導体パッケージを得ることが可能になると考えられる。   As a structure of the electrically-conductive particle which concerns on this embodiment, it can be set as the copper / nickel / palladium / gold four-layer structure in order of spherical non-electroconductive particle. The reason for this is that copper has high ductility, so that it can follow spherical non-conductive particles when impact is applied and maintain good adhesion with the spherical non-conductive particles. In addition, it is considered that since the gold of the outermost layer has a solder wettability higher than that of palladium, the conductive particle surface is easily covered with the solder, so that it is possible to obtain a semiconductor package with high drop impact resistance reliability.

<半導体パッケージ>
次に、本実施形態の導電粒子を用いた半導体パッケージについて、図6〜図12を参照しながら説明する。
<Semiconductor package>
Next, a semiconductor package using the conductive particles of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

図6又は図7に示す模式断面図は、はんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップ搭載用基板の端子部の一実施形態を示す模式平面図であり、共に基材10、基材10上に開口部を有するように形成されたはんだレジスト11、及び基材10上の開口部内に形成された電極12を備える。電極12としては例えば銅からなるものが挙げられる。図6の模式断面図は、電極12の基材10とは反対側にスズを含む金属層(はんだ)13を形成した例である。また、図7の模式断面図は、電極12の基材10とは反対側に、ニッケルを含む金属層14、パラジウムを含む金属層15、及び金を含む金属層16をこの順に形成した例である。図6又は図7に示すもの以外に、例えば、開口部において、銅からなる電極の上部に、ニッケルを含む金属層、及びパラジウムを含む金属層をこの順に形成した構成、又は銅からなる電極の上部に、金を含む金属層を形成した構成であってもよい。電極12が銅からなる場合、150℃の高温環境において、電極12がはんだ中に拡散することを抑制するためには、ニッケルを含む金属層が形成されていてもよい。さらに、電極12の基材10とは反対側に、ニッケルを含む金属層、及びパラジウムを含む金属層が順次形成されている構成であってもよい。このような構成であると、はんだ接合した後に、Pd被膜は拡散してなくなるが、NiとSn(はんだ)が直接接合した場合に形成されるSn−Cu−Ni系、Sn−Ni系等の金属間化合物にPdが含有されることで、Sn−Cu−Ni−Pd系、Sn−Ni−Pd系等の金属間化合物が形成される。これにより、金属間化合物の成長を抑制し、耐落下衝撃信頼性を向上させることが可能となる。   The schematic cross sectional view shown in FIG. 6 or 7 is a schematic plan view showing one embodiment of a terminal portion of a substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip having an opening of solder resist, and both of the substrate 10 and the substrate 10 are opened. A solder resist 11 formed to have a portion, and an electrode 12 formed in an opening on the substrate 10. Examples of the electrode 12 include those made of copper. The schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 6 is an example in which a metal layer (solder) 13 containing tin is formed on the side opposite to the substrate 10 of the electrode 12. 7 is an example in which the metal layer 14 containing nickel, the metal layer 15 containing palladium, and the metal layer 16 containing gold are formed in this order on the opposite side of the electrode 12 from the base material 10 is there. 6 or 7, for example, a structure in which a metal layer containing nickel and a metal layer containing palladium are formed in this order on the top of the electrode made of copper in the opening, or an electrode made of copper A metal layer containing gold may be formed on the upper side. When the electrode 12 is made of copper, a nickel-containing metal layer may be formed in order to suppress the diffusion of the electrode 12 into the solder in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C. Furthermore, the metal layer containing nickel and the metal layer containing palladium may be sequentially formed on the opposite side to the base material 10 of the electrode 12. With such a configuration, after solder bonding, the Pd film does not diffuse and disappears, but Sn-Cu-Ni-based, Sn-Ni-based, etc. formed when Ni and Sn (solder) are directly joined By containing Pd in the intermetallic compound, an intermetallic compound such as a Sn-Cu-Ni-Pd system or a Sn-Ni-Pd system is formed. This makes it possible to suppress the growth of the intermetallic compound and to improve the drop impact reliability.

図8及び図9に示す模式断面図は、それぞれ図6及び図7に示す半導体チップ搭載用基板に、図1に示す導電粒子を搭載した状態を示す断面模式図である。図8の接続構造体は、基材10、基材10上に開口部を有するように形成されたはんだレジスト11、基材10上の開口部内に形成された電極12、導電粒子とはんだとが接続された際に導電粒子の第1の層3とはんだとの間に形成された金属間化合物201及び204を備える。図9の接続構造体は、基材10、基材10上に開口部を有するように形成されたはんだレジスト11、基材10上の開口部内に形成された電極12、電極12の基材10とは反対側に形成されたニッケルを含む金属層14、導電粒子とはんだとが接続された際に導電粒子の第1の層3とはんだとの間に形成された金属間化合物201及び204を備える。   The schematic cross-sectional views shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 are cross-sectional schematic views showing a state in which the conductive particles shown in FIG. 1 are mounted on the semiconductor chip mounting substrate shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, respectively. The connection structure shown in FIG. 8 includes a base material 10, a solder resist 11 formed to have an opening on the base material 10, an electrode 12 formed in the opening on the base material 10, conductive particles and solder. Intermetallic compounds 201 and 204 are formed between the first layer 3 of conductive particles and the solder when connected. The connection structure shown in FIG. 9 includes a base 10, a solder resist 11 formed to have an opening on the base 10, an electrode 12 formed in the opening on the base 10, and a base 10 of the electrode 12. Metal layer 14 containing nickel formed on the opposite side to the intermetallic compound 201 and 204 formed between the first layer 3 of conductive particles and the solder when the conductive particles and the solder are connected. Prepare.

図10又は図11に示す模式断面図は、はんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップの端子部の一実施形態を示す模式平面図であり、共に基材301、基材301上に開口部を有するように形成されたはんだレジスト302、及び基材301上の開口部内に形成された、銅からなる電極303を備える。図10の模式断面図は、電極303の基材301とは反対側にスズを含む金属層304を形成した例である。また、図11の模式断面図は、開口部において、電極303の基材301とは反対側に、ニッケルを含む金属層305、パラジウムを含む金属層306、及び金を含む金属層307をこの順に形成した例である。図10又は図11に示すもの以外に、例えば、開口部において、銅を含む金属層の上部に、ニッケルを含む金属層、及びパラジウムを含む金属層をこの順に形成した構成、又は銅を含む金属層の基材301とは反対側に金を含む金属層を形成した構成を有していてもよい。150℃の高温環境において、銅からなる電極303が、はんだ中に拡散することを抑制するためには、ニッケルを含む金属層305が形成されていた方がよい。さらに、ニッケルを含む金属層305、及びパラジウムを含む金属層306が順次形成されている構成とすることができる。このような構成であると、はんだ接合した後に、Pd被膜は拡散してなくなるが、NiとSn(はんだ)が直接接合した場合に形成されるSn−Cu−Ni系、Sn−Ni系等の金属間化合物にPdが含有されることで、Sn−Cu−Ni−Pd系、Sn−Ni−Pd系等の金属間化合物が形成される。これにより、金属間化合物の成長を抑制し、耐落下衝撃信頼性を向上させることが可能となる。   The schematic cross sectional view shown in FIG. 10 or 11 is a schematic plan view showing one embodiment of a terminal portion of a semiconductor chip having an opening of solder resist, both having a base 301 and an opening on the base 301 A solder resist 302 formed as described above, and an electrode 303 made of copper formed in an opening on a substrate 301 are provided. The schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 10 is an example in which a metal layer 304 containing tin is formed on the side opposite to the base material 301 of the electrode 303. Further, in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 11, in the opening, the metal layer 305 containing nickel, the metal layer 306 containing palladium, and the metal layer 307 containing gold are provided in this order on the opposite side of the electrode 303 to the substrate 301. It is an example formed. 10 or 11. For example, a structure in which a metal layer containing nickel and a metal layer containing palladium are formed in this order on the top of the metal layer containing copper in the opening, or a metal containing copper It may have a configuration in which a metal layer containing gold is formed on the side opposite to the base material 301 of the layer. In order to suppress diffusion of the electrode 303 made of copper into the solder in a high temperature environment of 150 ° C., it is preferable that the metal layer 305 containing nickel be formed. Further, a metal layer 305 containing nickel and a metal layer 306 containing palladium can be formed sequentially. With such a configuration, after solder bonding, the Pd film does not diffuse and disappears, but Sn-Cu-Ni-based, Sn-Ni-based, etc. formed when Ni and Sn (solder) are directly joined By containing Pd in the intermetallic compound, an intermetallic compound such as a Sn-Cu-Ni-Pd system or a Sn-Ni-Pd system is formed. This makes it possible to suppress the growth of the intermetallic compound and to improve the drop impact reliability.

図12に示す半導体パッケージ500は、本実施形態の導電粒子が、半導体チップの銅からなる電極303と半導体チップ搭載用基板の銅からなる電極12との間に、はんだ200により接合された断面模式図である。基材10及び301と、はんだレジスト11及び302と、球状非導電性粒子1、第6の層2、第1の層3、金属間化合物201、204及び205と、はんだ200とを備える。   The semiconductor package 500 shown in FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view in which the conductive particles of this embodiment are joined by solder 200 between the electrode 303 made of copper of the semiconductor chip and the electrode 12 made of copper of the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip. FIG. Substrates 10 and 301, solder resists 11 and 302, spherical nonconductive particles 1, sixth layer 2, first layer 3, intermetallic compounds 201, 204 and 205, and solder 200 are provided.

<半導体パッケージの製造方法>
上記半導体パッケージの製造方法について、図13を参照しながら説明する。図13は、図12に示す半導体パッケージの製造方法の一例を説明するための模式断面図である。なお、図13(e)〜(g)では金属間化合物について記載を省略した。
<Method of Manufacturing Semiconductor Package>
A method of manufacturing the semiconductor package will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating an example of a method of manufacturing the semiconductor package shown in FIG. In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the intermetallic compound in FIG.13 (e)-(g).

まず、図13(a)に示すように、半導体チップ搭載用基板を準備する。半導体チップ搭載用基板は基材10と、はんだレジスト11と、電極12を備える。電極12の構成としては、銅、銅/ニッケル、銅/ニッケル/金、銅/ニッケル/パラジウム、銅/ニッケル/パラジウム/金、銅/ニッケル/金、銅/パラジウム、銅/パラジウム/金、銅/スズ、銅/銀等の電極が挙げられる。ここで、/は、基板側から見て、/の左側の層の上に/の右側の層が形成されていることを示す。電極12は、無電解めっき又は電解めっきで形成されたものとすることができる。   First, as shown in FIG. 13A, a semiconductor chip mounting substrate is prepared. The semiconductor chip mounting substrate includes a base 10, a solder resist 11, and an electrode 12. The configuration of the electrode 12 includes copper, copper / nickel, copper / nickel / gold, copper / nickel / palladium, copper / nickel / palladium / gold, copper / nickel / gold, copper / palladium, copper / palladium / gold, copper And electrodes such as tin and copper / silver. Here, / indicates that the layer on the right side of / is formed on the layer on the left side of / when viewed from the substrate side. The electrode 12 can be formed by electroless plating or electrolytic plating.

次に、図13(b)に示すように、半導体チップ搭載用基板の電極12上にスズを含む金属層(はんだ)13を形成する。スズを含む金属層(はんだ)13の形成方法としては、市販のはんだペーストを塗布した後にリフローを行うことに形成してもよく、電解めっきによってはんだ組成の被膜を形成することで形成してもよいが、特に限定されない。はんだの材料としては、特に限定されないが、具体的には、Pb−Sn系合金、Sn−Ag系合金、Sn−Ag−Cu系合金、Sn−Ag−Cu−Ni系合金、Sn−Cu系合金、Sn−Cu−Ni系合金、Sn−Bi系合金、Sn−Bi−Ag−In系合金、Sn−Bi−Zn系合金、Sn−Bi−Ag−Cu系合金、Sn−Zn系合金、Sn−Sb系合金等の合金が使用できる。球状非導電性粒子1のTgに応じてはんだの材料を選択する必要がある。これらの中で環境負荷が小さく、はんだ接続信頼性の高いSn−Ag−Cu系合金、Sn−Ag−Cu−Ni系合金、Sn−Cu系合金、Sn−Cu−Ni系合金とすることができる。一方、これらのはんだ組成は、融点が220〜230℃であるため、Tg(Tg=170〜190℃)の低い球状非導電性粒子に関しては、融点が130℃〜170℃のSnBi系はんだであってもよい。   Next, as shown in FIG. 13B, a metal layer (solder) 13 containing tin is formed on the electrode 12 of the semiconductor chip mounting substrate. As a method of forming the metal layer (solder) 13 containing tin, it may be formed by performing reflow after applying a commercially available solder paste, or by forming a film of a solder composition by electrolytic plating. Although it is good, it is not particularly limited. Although it does not specifically limit as a material of a solder, Specifically, Pb-Sn type alloy, Sn-Ag type alloy, Sn-Ag-Cu type alloy, Sn-Ag-Cu-Ni type alloy, Sn-Cu type Alloy, Sn-Cu-Ni alloy, Sn-Bi alloy, Sn-Bi-Ag-In alloy, Sn-Bi-Zn alloy, Sn-Bi-Ag-Cu alloy, Sn-Zn alloy, Alloys such as Sn-Sb based alloys can be used. It is necessary to select a solder material in accordance with the Tg of the spherical nonconductive particles 1. Among them, Sn-Ag-Cu-based alloy, Sn-Ag-Cu-Ni-based alloy, Sn-Cu-based alloy, and Sn-Cu-Ni-based alloy with small environmental load and high solder connection reliability it can. On the other hand, since these solder compositions have a melting point of 220 to 230 ° C., they are SnBi solders having a melting point of 130 ° C. to 170 ° C. for spherical non-conductive particles having a low Tg (Tg = 170 to 190 ° C.) May be

SnBi系はんだ材料として用いられる低融点無鉛系はんだ材料としては、融点が130℃〜170℃のものであってもよく、138℃〜170℃のものであってもよく、150℃〜170℃のものであってもよく、Sn42Bi58系の共晶はんだであってもよい。SnBi系はんだ材料はSnxBiyで表され、x=40%〜42質量%、y=58質量%〜60質量%を満たすはんだ材料も用いられる。さらに、Sn42Bi58系の共晶はんだ等のこれらのはんだ材料に、Ag、Ni、Fe、Ge、Cu及びInよりなる群から選択された少なくとも1種を含有するはんだ材料を用いてもよい。Sn42Bi58系はんだ等のこれらのはんだ材料の機械的な特性向上の目的では、Ag、Ni、Fe等又はGe等(これらの少なくとも1種)の添加金属も適宜使用される。   The low melting point lead-free solder material used as the SnBi solder material may have a melting point of 130 ° C. to 170 ° C., or may be 138 ° C. to 170 ° C., 150 ° C. to 170 ° C. It may be a Sn42Bi58 eutectic solder. The SnBi-based solder material is represented by SnxBiy, and a solder material satisfying x = 40% to 42% by mass, y = 58% by mass to 60% by mass is also used. Furthermore, a solder material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag, Ni, Fe, Ge, Cu, and In may be used as these solder materials such as Sn42Bi58-based eutectic solder. For the purpose of improving the mechanical properties of these solder materials such as Sn42Bi58 based solder, additive metals of Ag, Ni, Fe, etc. or Ge (at least one of these) are also suitably used.

はんだペーストを用いた場合、はんだペースト中のはんだ粉末の配合割合は、10〜90質量%の範囲であってもよく、40〜80質量%であってもよい。フラックスは90〜10質量%であってもよく、60〜20質量%であってもよい。はんだ粉末の配合が10質量%以上である場合には、はんだが層として形成され、また、90質量%以下の場合には、はんだが厚い層として形成しやすい。   When the solder paste is used, the blending ratio of the solder powder in the solder paste may be in the range of 10 to 90% by mass, and may be 40 to 80% by mass. The flux may be 90 to 10% by mass, or 60 to 20% by mass. When the content of the solder powder is 10% by mass or more, the solder is formed as a layer, and when it is 90% by mass or less, the solder is easily formed as a thick layer.

はんだ粉末の粒子は、例えば、球状又はフレーク状であってよい。はんだ粉末の粒子径に関しては、特に限定はないが、1〜30μmであってもよく、2〜25μmであってもよく、3〜20μmであってもよい。平均粒子径が15μm以下であってもよい。粒子径が1〜30μmであると、粒子接合が良好に達成され、かつ半導体チップ搭載用基板又は半導体チップのはんだレジストの開口径内に上手く納まりやすい。   The particles of the solder powder may, for example, be spherical or flake-like. The particle size of the solder powder is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30 μm, 2 to 25 μm, or 3 to 20 μm. The average particle size may be 15 μm or less. When the particle diameter is 1 to 30 μm, particle bonding can be satisfactorily achieved, and the particle diameter can easily be accommodated within the opening diameter of the solder resist of the semiconductor chip mounting substrate or the semiconductor chip.

次に、図13(c)に示すように、スズを含む金属層(はんだ)13上にフラックス20を塗布する。フラックスの種類は限定されず、市販のフラックスを使用することができる。   Next, as shown in FIG. 13C, a flux 20 is applied on the metal layer (solder) 13 containing tin. The type of flux is not limited, and commercially available flux can be used.

次に、図13(d)に示すように、フラックス20を塗布したスズを含む金属層(はんだ)13上に、導電粒子100aを付着させる。   Next, as shown in FIG. 13D, the conductive particles 100a are attached onto the tin-containing metal layer (solder) 13 to which the flux 20 is applied.

また、図13(c)に示すように、スズを含む金属層(はんだ)13上にフラックス20を塗布した後、図13(d)に示すように、フラックス20を塗布したスズを含む金属層(はんだ)13上に、導電粒子100aを付着させる方法もあるが、導電粒子を吸着ヘッドに吸着させて保持し、フラックスをあらかじめ印刷した基板に接触させることで導電粒子の一部にフラックスを付着させた後に、導電粒子のフラックスを付着させた側を、スズを含む金属層(はんだ)13上に付着させてもよい。   Further, as shown in FIG. 13 (c), after applying the flux 20 on the metal layer (solder) 13 containing tin, as shown in FIG. 13 (d), the metal layer containing tin coated with the flux 20 There is also a method of adhering conductive particles 100a on (solder) 13. However, conductive particles are adsorbed and held by an adsorption head, and flux is attached to a part of the conductive particles by bringing the flux into contact with a substrate printed beforehand. After the deposition, the conductive particle flux-deposited side may be deposited on the tin-containing metal layer (solder) 13.

次に、図13(e)に示すように、リフローによりはんだの融点以上の温度にすることで、スズを含むはんだ200を導電粒子100aの外表面が覆われるように、濡れ広がらせる。   Next, as shown in FIG. 13E, by setting the temperature to the melting point of the solder or more by reflow, the solder 200 containing tin is wet-spread so that the outer surface of the conductive particle 100a is covered.

次に、図13(f)に示すように、半導体チップの銅からなる電極303上に、図13(a)〜(c)と同様に、スズを含む金属層(はんだ)304、フラックス20を形成し、はんだ200により被覆された導電粒子100aの上部に半導体チップの端子が配置されるようにセットする。   Next, as shown in FIG. 13 (f), a metal layer (solder) 304 containing tin and a flux 20 are formed on the electrode 303 made of copper of the semiconductor chip as in FIGS. 13 (a) to 13 (c). Then, the terminal of the semiconductor chip is set to be disposed on the top of the conductive particle 100 a covered with the solder 200.

次に、図13(g)に示すように、リフローによりはんだ200の融点以上の温度にすることで、半導体チップの銅からなる電極303上のスズを含む金属層(はんだ)304を、はんだ200により被覆された導電粒子100aと接続させ、図13(g)の断面構造のような半導体パッケージを得る。   Next, as shown in FIG. 13G, by setting the temperature to the melting point or more of the solder 200 by reflow, the metal layer (solder) 304 containing tin on the electrode 303 made of copper of the semiconductor chip is solder 200 Is connected to the conductive particles 100a coated by the above to obtain a semiconductor package such as the cross-sectional structure of FIG.

図13(g)の後は、必要に応じて、フラックスを除去する、又ははんだにより接続された電極間にアンダーフィル剤を注入し、封止してもよい。アンダーフィル剤を注入することで、衝撃時における応力を緩和す能力が高まるため、アンダーフィル剤を注入してもよい。   After (g) of FIG. 13, if necessary, an underfill may be injected between the electrodes removed of flux or soldered and sealed. By injecting the underfill agent, the underfill agent may be injected because the ability to relieve the stress upon impact is enhanced.

上記の接続構造を有する半導体パッケージの用途としては、例えば、液晶ディスプレイ、パーソナルコンピュータ、携帯電話、スマートフォン、タブレット等の携帯製品が挙げられる。   As an application of the semiconductor package which has said connection structure, portable products, such as a liquid crystal display, a personal computer, a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a tablet, are mentioned, for example.

以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に何ら限定されるものではない。   As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited at all to the said embodiment.

以下、実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明の内容をより具体的に説明する。なお、本発明は下記実施例に限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be more specifically described with reference to examples and comparative examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples.

<実施例1>
[導電粒子の作製]
(工程a)前処理工程
球状非導電性粒子として平均粒径40μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)50.0gを、パラジウム触媒であるアトテックネオガント834(アトテックジャパン株式会社製、商品名)を8質量%含有するパラジウム触媒化液100mLに添加し、30℃で30分間攪拌した後、φ3μmのメンブレンフィルタ(ミリポア株式会社製)で濾過し、水洗を行うことで樹脂粒子を得た。その後、樹脂粒子をpH6.0に調整された0.5質量%ジメチルアミンボラン液に添加し、表面が活性化された樹脂粒子を得た。その後、50mLの蒸留水に、表面が活性化された樹脂粒子を浸漬し、超音波分散することで、アクリル粒子分散液を得た。
Example 1
[Preparation of conductive particles]
(Step a) Pretreatment Step 50.0 g of acrylic particles having an average particle diameter of 40 μm and a coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.6 as spherical nonconductive particles (trade name "Hayabei beads" manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd.) A 100% palladium catalyst solution containing 8% by mass of Atotech Neoganto 834 (trade name, manufactured by Atotech Japan Co., Ltd.), which is a palladium catalyst, is added and stirred at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes. Resin particles) to obtain resin particles. Thereafter, the resin particles were added to a 0.5 mass% dimethylamine borane solution adjusted to pH 6.0 to obtain surface-activated resin particles. Thereafter, the resin particles whose surface was activated were immersed in 50 mL of distilled water and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain an acrylic particle dispersion.

(工程b)第6の層の形成 (Cu)
その後、40℃に加温した下記の組成を有する200mLの建浴液に、アクリル粒子を加えて、銅を主成分とする初期層を形成した。さらに、添加法により下記組成の補充液A及び補充液Bをそれぞれ100mL準備し、1mL/minの速度で連続的に滴下することで厚膜化し、銅を主成分とする層を形成した。このとき形成した銅を主成分とする層の平均厚みは2μmであった。なお、第6の層を形成することにより得た粒子は53.0gであった。
(建浴液)
CuSO・5HO:7.5g/L
HCHO(ホルムアルデヒド):18ml/L
NaCN:5ppm
EDTA・4Na:90g/L
NaOH:12g/L
pH:12.7
(補充液 A)
CuSO・5HO:200g/L
HCHO:100ml/L
NaCN:50ppm
(補充液 B)
EDTA・4Na:452g/L
NaOH:40g/L
(Step b) Formation of Sixth Layer (Cu)
Thereafter, acrylic particles were added to 200 mL of a bath solution having the following composition heated to 40 ° C. to form an initial layer containing copper as a main component. Further, 100 mL of each of Replenisher A and Replenisher B having the following composition were prepared by the addition method, and a thick film was formed by continuously dropping them at a rate of 1 mL / min to form a copper-based layer. The average thickness of the layer formed mainly of copper formed at this time was 2 μm. In addition, the particle | grains obtained by forming a 6th layer were 53.0 g.
(Building solution)
CuSO 4 · 5H 2 O: 7.5g / L
HCHO (formaldehyde): 18 ml / L
NaCN: 5 ppm
EDTA · 4Na: 90g / L
NaOH: 12 g / L
pH: 12.7
(Refillment solution A)
CuSO 4 · 5 H 2 O: 200 g / L
HCHO: 100 ml / L
NaCN: 50 ppm
(Refilling solution B)
EDTA · 4Na: 452g / L
NaOH: 40 g / L

(工程c)第1の層の形成 (Ni)
上記で得た第6の層(銅)を形成した粒子53.0gを80℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、めっき安定剤として1g/Lの硝酸ビスマス水溶液を0.2mL添加し、下記組成の第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液30mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.3μmの膜厚のニッケル−リン合金被膜(リン濃度7質量%、残部ニッケル)からなる第1の層を形成した。なお、第1の層を形成することにより得た粒子は53.45gであった。
(第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液)
硫酸ニッケル・6水和物・・・・・・・・・・400g/L
次亜リン酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・・・・150g/L
酢酸・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・120g/L
硝酸ビスマス水溶液(1g/L)・・・・・・・1mL/L
(Step c) Formation of first layer (Ni)
53.0 g of particles forming the sixth layer (copper) obtained above is diluted with 200 mL of water heated at 80 ° C., 0.2 mL of a 1 g / L aqueous solution of bismuth nitrate is added as a plating stabilizer, 30 mL of a first layer-forming electroless nickel plating solution having a composition was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a first layer composed of a 0.3 μm thick nickel-phosphorus alloy film (phosphorus concentration: 7% by mass, balance: nickel) was formed. In addition, the particle | grains obtained by forming a 1st layer were 53.45 g.
(Electroless nickel plating solution for forming the first layer)
Nickel sulfate hexahydrate ........... 400 g / L
Sodium hypophosphite ........... 150 g / L
Acetic acid ··················· 120g / L
Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution (1 g / L) ..... 1 mL / L

(工程d)第2の層の形成 (Pd)
上記で得た第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)を形成した粒子53.45gを、50℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、めっき安定剤として1g/Lの硝酸ビスマス水溶液を0.2mL添加し、下記組成の第2の層形成用無電解パラジウムめっき液30mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚のパラジウムめっき被膜(パラジウムの純度100%)からなる第2の層を形成した。なお、第2の層を形成することにより得た粒子は53.6gであった。
(無電解パラジウムめっき液)
塩化パラジウム・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・7g/L
EDTA・2ナトリウム・・・・・・・・・・・・・・100g/L
クエン酸・2ナトリウム・・・・・・・・・・・・・・100g/L
ギ酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・20g/L
pH・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・6
(Step d) Formation of second layer (Pd)
53.45 g of particles forming the sixth layer (copper) and the first layer (nickel) obtained above are diluted with 200 mL of water heated at 50 ° C., and 1 g / L of bismuth nitrate as a plating stabilizer 0.2 mL of an aqueous solution was added, and 30 mL of a second layer-forming electroless palladium plating solution having the following composition was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a second layer composed of a palladium plating film (100% purity of palladium) with a film thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. In addition, the particle | grains obtained by forming a 2nd layer were 53.6 g.
(Electroless palladium plating solution)
Palladium chloride ................. 7 g / L
EDTA · disodium · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 100g / L
Citric acid, disodium ........... 100 g / L
Sodium formate ..................... 20 g / L
pH ..................... 6

(工程e)第3の層の形成 (Au)
上記で得た第6の層(銅)、第1の層(ニッケル)及び第2の層(パラジウム)を形成した粒子53.6gを、85℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、置換金めっき液であるHGS−100(日立化成株式会社、商品名)100mL/Lの溶液100mLを10mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚の金めっき被膜(金の純度100%)からなる第3の層を形成した。なお、第3の層を形成することにより得た導電粒子は53.75gであった。その後、メッシュの開口径が80μm角である直径7cmの篩を通すことで、凝集体を取り除いた。
(Step e) Formation of third layer (Au)
53.6 g of the particles forming the sixth layer (copper), the first layer (nickel) and the second layer (palladium) obtained above are diluted with 200 mL of water heated at 85 ° C. 100 mL of a solution of 100 mL / L of HGS-100 (trade name of Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) which is a plating solution was dropped at a dropping rate of 10 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a third layer consisting of a gold plating film (gold purity 100%) with a film thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. The amount of conductive particles obtained by forming the third layer was 53.75 g. After that, the aggregate was removed by passing through a sieve having a diameter of 7 cm and a mesh opening diameter of 80 μm square.

<導電粒子の膜厚及び成分の評価>
得られた導電粒子の中心付近を通るようにウルトラミクロトーム法で断面を切り出した。透過型電子顕微鏡装置(以下「TEM装置」と略称する、日本電子株式会社製、商品名「JEM−2100F」)を用いて任意の倍率で観察した。得られた画像から、導電粒子の中心部から半径方向における、各被膜の厚みを測定した。5個の導電粒子について各5箇所測定し、合計25箇所の平均値を、膜厚とした。また、EDXマッピングデータから、各被膜における元素の含有量(純度)を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
<Evaluation of film thickness and composition of conductive particles>
A cross section was cut by an ultramicrotome method so as to pass near the center of the obtained conductive particles. It observed by arbitrary magnification using the transmission electron microscope apparatus (The following "TEM apparatus" abbreviations, Nippon Denshi Co., Ltd. make, brand name "JEM-2100F"). From the obtained image, the thickness of each film in the radial direction from the center of the conductive particles was measured. Each of the five conductive particles was measured at five locations, and the average value of a total of 25 locations was taken as the film thickness. Moreover, the content (purity) of the element in each film was calculated from EDX mapping data. The results are shown in Table 1.

[半導体パッケージの作製方法]
(工程h)
図14に示す、両面にはんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップ搭載用基板600を準備した。図14は、両面にはんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップ搭載用基板の一実施形態を示す模式断面図であり、基材601と、基材601を貫通する層間接続用IVH(インタースティシャルバイアホール)604と、基材601の両方の主面上に設けられたはんだレジスト603、及び基材601の対向する主面上にそれぞれ設けられた電極602−aを備える。電極602−aは、銅層、厚さ2μmの無電解Ni−P層(リン濃度7%)、厚さ0.1μmのパラジウム層(純度100%)、及び厚さ0.1μmの金層(純度100%)を基材601から見てこの順に積層したものである。はんだを形成する基板上面においては、開口径が45μmφ、はんだレジスト表面から電極602−aの表面までの深さが15μmの半導体チップ搭載用基板を用いた。電極602−bは、銅層、厚さ2μmの無電解Ni−P層(リン濃度7%)、厚さ0.1μmのパラジウム層(純度100%)、及び厚さ0.1μmの金層(純度100%)を基材601から見てこの順に積層したものであり、接続信頼性評価のための導通チェック用の電極として使用した。
図15は、はんだを形成する基板上面の電極602−a側から見た場合の、はんだレジストの開口部を有する半導体チップ搭載用基板600の一実施形態を示す模式平面図である。半導体チップ搭載用基板600は、はんだレジスト603で覆われており、はんだレジストの開口部を有する。なお、評価に用いた半導体チップ搭載用基板におけるはんだレジストの開口部のピッチは、はんだレジストの開口径の2倍(実施例1では90μm)であり、横50列×縦50列の構成で2、500箇所の開口部を有している。なお、半導体チップ搭載用基板の大きさは30mm×30mmで厚みは0.3mmである。
半導体パッケージの基板上面に形成された、導電粒子を搭載する電極の開口部へスクリーン印刷法で、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu組成のエコソルダーペーストM705(千住金属工業(株)製、商品名)を充填し、IRリフロー(千住金属工業(株)製、最大温度260℃)へ投入、半導体チップ搭載用基板の電極の開口部に、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu組成のはんだ層を形成した。このときのはんだ層の厚みは約12μmであった。フラックス残渣を洗浄除去後、再度、スクリーン印刷法ではんだ層上にフラックスを塗布し、電極の開口部上に、上述のとおり作製した導電粒子を設置し、IRリフロー(千住金属工業(株)製、最大温度260℃)へ投入し、導電粒子表面にSn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu組成のはんだを濡れあがらせることで、導電粒子を半導体チップ搭載用基板の電極602−a上に接続させた。はんだによる粒子表面の被覆率は100%であった。
次に、図16に示した、はんだレジストの開口径が45μmφ、はんだレジスト表面から電極表面までの深さが8μmの半導体チップ800を準備した。なお、半導体チップ800は、半導体チップの基板(図示せず)上に形成された、開口部を有するはんだレジスト802と、開口部内に形成された電極801を備える。電極801には銅層、厚さ2μmの無電解Ni−P層(リン濃度7%)、厚さ0.1μmのパラジウム層(純度100%)、及び厚さ0.1μmの金層(純度100%)を半導体チップの基材から見てこの順に積層したものを用いた。電極801上にはSn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu組成のはんだ層が形成されるように電解めっきによる被膜を形成した。このときSn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu組成のはんだ層の厚みは約5μmであった。スクリーン印刷法ではんだ層上にフラックスを塗布し、導電粒子搭載済みの半導体チップ搭載用基板の端子部と合うように、フラックスを塗布した半導体チップを積層した後に、IRリフロー(千住金属工業(株)製、最大温度260℃)へ投入した。このようにして、図17に示されるような、半導体パッケージ900を得ることが可能になる。図17の半導体パッケージは、半導体チップ搭載用基板901、半導体チップ902、半導体チップ搭載用基板901及び半導体チップ902のそれぞれの主面上に設けられたはんだレジスト903及び904、及び導電粒子を含む接続部905を備える。半導体チップ搭載用基板901と半導体チップ902との隙間に、半導体チップ端部からアンダーフィル材CEL−C−3900(日立化成(株)製、商品名)を注入し、オーブンを用いて120℃で15分の1次硬化及び150℃で1時間の2次硬化を行った。
[Method of manufacturing semiconductor package]
(Step h)
A semiconductor chip mounting substrate 600 having openings of solder resist on both sides shown in FIG. 14 was prepared. FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip having openings of solder resist on both surfaces, and a substrate 601 and an IVH for interlayer connection penetrating the substrate 601 (interstitial via). A hole 604, a solder resist 603 provided on both main surfaces of the substrate 601, and electrodes 602-a provided on the opposite main surfaces of the substrate 601, respectively. The electrode 602-a is a copper layer, a 2 μm thick electroless Ni-P layer (phosphorus concentration 7%), a 0.1 μm thick palladium layer (100% purity), and a 0.1 μm thick gold layer The purity is 100%) and the layers are laminated in this order as viewed from the base material 601. On the upper surface of the substrate on which the solder is formed, a semiconductor chip mounting substrate having an opening diameter of 45 μmφ and a depth of 15 μm from the surface of the solder resist to the surface of the electrode 602-a was used. The electrode 602-b is a copper layer, a 2 μm thick electroless Ni-P layer (phosphorus concentration 7%), a 0.1 μm thick palladium layer (100% purity), and a 0.1 μm thick gold layer The purity of 100%) was stacked in this order as viewed from the base material 601, and was used as an electrode for continuity check for connection reliability evaluation.
FIG. 15 is a schematic plan view showing an embodiment of a semiconductor chip mounting substrate 600 having an opening of solder resist when viewed from the electrode 602-a side of the upper surface of the substrate on which solder is formed. The semiconductor chip mounting substrate 600 is covered with the solder resist 603 and has an opening of the solder resist. The pitch of the opening of the solder resist in the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip used in the evaluation is twice the diameter of the opening of the solder resist (90 μm in Example 1). , 500 openings. The size of the semiconductor chip mounting substrate is 30 mm × 30 mm and the thickness is 0.3 mm.
An eco-solder paste M705 (Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. product, manufactured by Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd., a product of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu composition is formed by screen printing on the opening of the electrode carrying the conductive particles formed on the upper surface of the substrate of the semiconductor package Name), and put into IR reflow (Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. product, maximum temperature 260 ° C), solder layer of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu composition in opening of electrode of substrate for semiconductor chip loading Formed. The thickness of the solder layer at this time was about 12 μm. After washing away the flux residue, the flux is applied again on the solder layer by screen printing, and the conductive particles produced as described above are placed on the opening of the electrode, and IR reflow (made by Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd.) , The maximum temperature of 260 ° C.), and the solder of the composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu is wetted on the surface of the conductive particles, thereby connecting the conductive particles on the electrode 602-a of the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip. The The coverage of the particle surface by the solder was 100%.
Next, a semiconductor chip 800 having a solder resist opening diameter of 45 μmφ and a depth of 8 μm from the solder resist surface to the electrode surface shown in FIG. The semiconductor chip 800 includes a solder resist 802 having an opening and an electrode 801 formed in the opening, which are formed on a substrate (not shown) of the semiconductor chip. The electrode 801 has a copper layer, a 2 μm thick electroless Ni-P layer (phosphorus concentration 7%), a 0.1 μm thick palladium layer (100% purity), and a 0.1 μm thick gold layer (100% purity) %) Were used in this order as viewed from the base material of the semiconductor chip. A film was formed on the electrode 801 by electrolytic plating so that a solder layer of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu composition was formed. At this time, the thickness of the solder layer of the composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu was about 5 μm. After coating the flux coated on the solder layer by screen printing method and laminating the flux coated semiconductor chip so as to match the terminal portion of the semiconductor chip mounting substrate on which conductive particles have been mounted, IR reflow (Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. Made to a maximum temperature of 260 ° C.). Thus, a semiconductor package 900 as shown in FIG. 17 can be obtained. The semiconductor package shown in FIG. 17 includes a semiconductor chip mounting substrate 901, a semiconductor chip 902, a semiconductor chip mounting substrate 901, and solder resists 903 and 904 provided on respective main surfaces of the semiconductor chip 902, and a connection including conductive particles. A unit 905 is provided. An underfill material CEL-C-3900 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) is injected into the gap between the semiconductor chip mounting substrate 901 and the semiconductor chip 902 from the end of the semiconductor chip, and the oven is used at 120 ° C. Primary curing of 15 minutes and secondary curing of 1 hour at 150 ° C. were performed.

<はんだ接続信頼性試験方法>
上記工程a〜工程e及び工程hを経て得られた半導体パッケージのはんだ接続信頼性を落下衝撃試験により評価した。具体的には、下記方法により評価した。落下衝撃試験には、作製後の半導体パッケージ、作製後IRリフローを2回追加した半導体パッケージ、作製後IRリフローを4回追加した半導体パッケージ、作製後の接続構造体を、150℃で100時間、500時間、又は1000時間放置した半導体パッケージを用いた。結果を表2に示す。
<Solder connection reliability test method>
The solder connection reliability of the semiconductor package obtained through the steps a to e and the step h was evaluated by a drop impact test. Specifically, it evaluated by the following method. For the drop impact test, the semiconductor package after fabrication, the semiconductor package to which IR reflow is added twice after fabrication, the semiconductor package to which IR reflow is added four times after fabrication, and the connection structure after fabrication for 100 hours at 150 ° C. The semiconductor package left for 500 hours or 1000 hours was used. The results are shown in Table 2.

上記各半導体パッケージの接合部のはんだ接続信頼性を評価するため、落下衝撃試験を行った。落下衝撃試験は、上記の半導体パッケージを、金属板にネジ止め固定し、高さ50cmから落下させた。落下後、最も衝撃の大きいチップ周辺部位のはんだ接合部(196箇所)の全てにおいて直流抵抗値を測定し、測定値が初期抵抗から5倍以上増加したときに破断が生じたとみなして、評価を行った。
なお、落下回数20回の落下衝撃試験の結果は、下記A〜Fの基準で評価した。A又はBの基準を満たす場合をはんだ接続信頼性が良好であると評価した。
A:初期抵抗から5倍以上増加したはんだ接続部が、196箇所全てにおいて認められなかった。
B:初期抵抗から5倍以上増加したはんだ接続部が、1箇所以上5箇所以下で認められた。
C:初期抵抗から5倍以上増加したはんだ接続部が、6箇所以上20箇所以下で認められた。
D:初期抵抗から5倍以上増加したはんだ接続部が、21箇所以上50箇所以下で認められた。
E:初期抵抗から5倍以上増加したはんだ接続部が、51箇所以上100箇所以下で認められた。
F:初期抵抗から5倍以上増加したはんだ接続部が、101箇所以上で認められた。
A drop impact test was performed to evaluate the solder connection reliability of the junctions of the respective semiconductor packages. In the drop impact test, the above semiconductor package was screwed to a metal plate and dropped from a height of 50 cm. After dropping, the DC resistance value is measured at all solder joints (196 locations) in the chip peripheral part with the largest impact, and it is regarded that breakage occurs when the measured value increases five or more times from the initial resistance, and evaluation is made. went.
In addition, the result of the drop impact test of the frequency | count of fall 20 times was evaluated by the reference | standard of following AF. The case where the criteria of A or B were satisfied was evaluated as having good solder connection reliability.
A: Solder joints increased by more than 5 times from the initial resistance were not observed at all 196 locations.
B: Solder joints increased by five times or more from initial resistance were observed at one or more and five or less.
C: The number of solder joints increased by 5 times or more from the initial resistance was observed at 6 or more and 20 or less.
D: Solder joints increased by 5 times or more from the initial resistance were observed at 21 or more and 50 or less.
E: Solder joints increased by 5 times or more from initial resistance were observed at 51 or more and 100 or less.
F: Solder joints increased by 5 times or more from the initial resistance were observed at 101 or more places.

<導電粒子による接続部の断面の概略図>
実施例1の作製後の半導体パッケージにおいて、導電粒子による接続部の断面概略図を図18に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、150℃で500時間放置した後の、導電粒子による接続部の断面概略図を図19に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、150℃で1000時間放置した後の、導電粒子による接続部の断面概略図を図20に示す。
<Schematic view of cross section of connection portion by conductive particles>
FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection portion by conductive particles in the semiconductor package after fabrication of the first embodiment. FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection portion with conductive particles after the manufactured semiconductor package is left at 150 ° C. for 500 hours. FIG. 20 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection portion by conductive particles after the manufactured semiconductor package is left at 150 ° C. for 1000 hours.

<めっき被膜の有無の評価>
作製後、IRリフローを4回追加した半導体パッケージ、作製後に150℃で500時間、又は1000時間放置した半導体パッケージを、エポキシ樹脂エピコート815(ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社製、商品名)を用いて注型を行い、樹脂硬化後に耐水研磨紙等を用いて研磨した。その後イオンミリングE−3200(株式会社日立製作所製、商品名)を行い研磨ダレの除去を行った。なお、実施例1により得られた、半導体チップ搭載用基板の銅からなる電極と、半導体チップ搭載基板の銅からなる電極を接続している導電粒子の断面部を図18に示す。研磨は、図18に示すような導電粒子の中心付近が観察できるように行った。なお、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡S−4700(株式会社日立製作所製、商品名)を用いて、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)の有無を観察した。また、場合によって、エネルギー分散型X線分析装置EMAX ENERGY EX−300(株式会社堀場製作所製、商品名)を用いて、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)の有無について解析した。結果を表2に示す。
<Evaluation of existence of plating film>
A semiconductor package to which IR reflow is added four times after fabrication, and a semiconductor package which is left at 150 ° C. for 500 hours or 1000 hours after fabrication is cast using epoxy resin Epicoat 815 (trade name of Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) After the resin was cured, it was polished using a water resistant abrasive paper or the like. Thereafter, ion milling E-3200 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) was carried out to remove polishing drips. In addition, FIG. 18 shows a cross section of a conductive particle connecting the electrode made of copper of the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip and the electrode made of copper of the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip obtained in Example 1. FIG. Polishing was performed so that the vicinity of the center of the conductive particles as shown in FIG. 18 could be observed. The presence or absence of the sixth layer (copper) and the first layer (nickel) was observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope S-4700 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). Also, depending on the case, analysis is made on the presence or absence of the sixth layer (copper) and the first layer (nickel) using the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer EMAX ENERGY EX-300 (trade name of HORIBA, Ltd.) did. The results are shown in Table 2.

<金属間化合物の厚みの評価>
作製後に、150℃で500時間、又は1000時間放置した半導体パッケージを、エポキシ樹脂エピコート815(ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社製、商品名)を用いて注型を行い、樹脂硬化後に耐水研磨紙等を用いて研磨した。その後イオンミリングE−3200(株式会社日立製作所製、商品名)を行い研磨ダレの除去を行った。図18のように、半導体チップ搭載用基板の銅からなる電極と、半導体チップ搭載基板の銅からなる電極を接続している導電粒子の断面部が観察できるように研磨行った。第1の層(ニッケル)3とはんだ200の間に形成される金属間化合物を、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡S−4700(株式会社日立製作所製、商品名)により観察し、得られた顕微鏡写真をもとに、厚みを計測した。厚みは、導電粒子1個に対し、任意に10点の厚みを計測し、導電粒子10個について計測することで、100箇所の平均値を算出することで求めた。結果を表2に示す。
<Evaluation of thickness of intermetallic compound>
After production, the semiconductor package which has been left at 150 ° C. for 500 hours or 1000 hours is cast using an epoxy resin Epicoat 815 (trade name of Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), and after resin curing, it is used a water resistant abrasive paper Ground. Thereafter, ion milling E-3200 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) was carried out to remove polishing drips. As shown in FIG. 18, polishing was performed so that the cross section of the conductive particles connecting the electrode made of copper of the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip and the electrode made of copper of the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip could be observed. The intermetallic compound formed between the first layer (nickel) 3 and the solder 200 was observed by a field emission scanning electron microscope S-4700 (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., trade name) and a photomicrograph obtained The thickness was measured based on the The thickness was obtained by measuring the thickness of 10 points arbitrarily with respect to 1 conductive particle, and calculating the average value of 100 points by measuring 10 conductive particles. The results are shown in Table 2.

<金属間化合物におけるPd含有量(質量%)の測定>
作製後に、150℃で500時間、又は1000時間放置した半導体パッケージを、エポキシ樹脂エピコート815(ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社製、商品名)を用いて注型を行い、樹脂硬化後に耐水研磨紙等を用いて研磨した。その後イオンミリングE−3200(株式会社日立製作所製、商品名)を行い研磨ダレの除去を行った。なお、図18のように、半導体チップ搭載用基板の銅からなる電極と、半導体チップ搭載基板の銅からなる電極を接続している導電粒子の断面部が観察できるように研磨行った。第1の層(ニッケル)3とはんだ200の間に形成される金属間化合物を、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡S−4700(株式会社日立製作所製、商品名)により観察し、エネルギー分散型X線分析装置EMAX ENERGY EX−300(株式会社堀場製作所製、商品名)を用いて、第1の層(ニッケル)3とはんだ200の間に形成される金属間化合物における、Pd濃度(質量%)を測定した。Pd濃度は、導電粒子1個に対し、任意に5点の濃度を計測し、導電粒子3個について計測することで、15箇所の平均値を算出することで求めた。結果を表2に示す。
<Measurement of Pd content (mass%) in intermetallic compound>
After production, the semiconductor package which has been left at 150 ° C. for 500 hours or 1000 hours is cast using an epoxy resin Epicoat 815 (trade name of Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), and after resin curing, it is used a water resistant abrasive paper Ground. Thereafter, ion milling E-3200 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) was carried out to remove polishing drips. As shown in FIG. 18, polishing was performed so that the cross section of the conductive particles connecting the electrode made of copper of the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip and the electrode made of copper of the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip could be observed. The intermetallic compound formed between the first layer (nickel) 3 and the solder 200 is observed with a field emission scanning electron microscope S-4700 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), and an energy dispersive X ray The Pd concentration (% by mass) in the intermetallic compound formed between the first layer (nickel) 3 and the solder 200 using the analyzer EMAX ENERGY EX-300 (trade name, manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.) It was measured. The Pd concentration was obtained by measuring the concentration of five points arbitrarily for one conductive particle, and measuring the three conductive particles to calculate an average value of 15 points. The results are shown in Table 2.

<めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数及び単分散率の測定>(参考値)
導電粒子0.5gを電解水に分散させ、界面活性剤を添加し、超音波分散(アズワン株式会社製US−4R、高周波出力:160W、発振周波数:40kHz単周波)を5分間行った。導電粒子の分散液をCOULER MULTISIZER II(ベックマン・コールター株式会社製)の試料カップに注入し、導電粒子3000個についての粒径の変動係数(C.V.)及び単分散率を測定した。単分散率は下記式により算出した。結果を表2に示す。
単分散率(%)={first peak粒子数(個)/全粒子数(個)}×100
<Measurement of coefficient of variation of particle diameter of particles after plating and monodispersion ratio> (Reference value)
0.5 g of conductive particles were dispersed in electrolytic water, a surfactant was added, and ultrasonic dispersion (US-4R manufactured by As One Corporation, high frequency output: 160 W, oscillation frequency: 40 kHz single frequency) was performed for 5 minutes. The dispersion of conductive particles was injected into a sample cup of COULER MULTISIZER II (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.), and the coefficient of variation (C.V.) of particle diameter and the monodispersion rate of 3000 conductive particles were measured. The monodispersion rate was calculated by the following equation. The results are shown in Table 2.
Monodispersion rate (%) = {first peak number of particles (number) / total number of particles (number)} × 100

<実施例2〜6>
実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液の滴下量を以下に示す量に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行い、導電粒子を得た。この導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表1に、それ以外の結果を表2に示す。
実施例2:100mL
実施例3:200mL
実施例4:500mL
実施例5:1000mL
実施例6:1500mL
Examples 2 to 6
Each step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dropping amount of the electroless nickel plating solution was changed to the amount shown below in step c of Example 1, to obtain conductive particles. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, presence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles were used The evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 2 shows the other results.
Example 2: 100 mL
Example 3: 200 mL
Example 4: 500 mL
Example 5: 1000 mL
Example 6: 1500 mL

<実施例7〜12>
実施例1の工程bにおいて、無電解銅めっき液の補充液A及び補充液Bのそれぞれの滴下量を下に示した量に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行い、の導電粒子を得た。この導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表1に、それ以外の結果を表2に示す。
実施例7 :5mL (補充液A及び補充液B)
実施例8 :25mL (補充液A及び補充液B)
実施例9 :50mL (補充液A及び補充液B)
実施例10:250mL(補充液A及び補充液B)
実施例11:500mL(補充液A及び補充液B)
実施例12:750mL(補充液A及び補充液B)
Examples 7 to 12
Respective steps are performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dropping amounts of replenisher A and replenisher B for the electroless copper plating solution are changed to the amounts shown below in step b of Example 1, respectively. The conductive particles of were obtained. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, presence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles were used The evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 2 shows the other results.
Example 7: 5 mL (replenisher A and replenisher B)
Example 8 25 mL (replenisher A and replenisher B)
Example 9: 50 mL (replenisher A and replenisher B)
Example 10: 250 mL (replenisher A and replenisher B)
Example 11 500 mL (replenisher A and replenisher B)
Example 12: 750 mL (replenisher A and replenisher B)

<実施例13>
実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液を下記組成のめっき液に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行い、導電粒子を得た。なお、下記組成の第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液30mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。この導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表1に、それ以外の結果を表2に示す。
(第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液)
硫酸ニッケル・6水和物・・・・・・・・・・400g/L
ヒドラジン・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・50ml/L
酢酸・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・120g/L
硝酸ビスマス水溶液(1g/L)・・・・・・・1mL/L
Example 13
Each step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electroless nickel plating solution was changed to a plating solution having the following composition in step c of Example 1, to obtain conductive particles. In addition, 30 mL of the first layer-forming electroless nickel plating solution having the following composition was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, presence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles were used The evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 2 shows the other results.
(Electroless nickel plating solution for forming the first layer)
Nickel sulfate hexahydrate ........... 400 g / L
Hydrazine ······················ 50 ml / L
Acetic acid ··················· 120g / L
Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution (1 g / L) ..... 1 mL / L

<実施例14>
実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液を下記組成のめっき液に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行い、導電粒子を得た。なお、下記組成の第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液30mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。この導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表1に、それ以外の結果を表2に示す。
(第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液)
硫酸ニッケル・・・・・・・・・・・・400g/L
次亜リン酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・150g/L
酒石酸ナトリウム・2水和物・・・・・120g/L
硝酸ビスマス水溶液(1g/L)・・・1mL/L
Example 14
Each step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electroless nickel plating solution was changed to a plating solution having the following composition in step c of Example 1, to obtain conductive particles. In addition, 30 mL of the first layer-forming electroless nickel plating solution having the following composition was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, presence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles were used The evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 2 shows the other results.
(Electroless nickel plating solution for forming the first layer)
Nickel sulfate ············ 400g / L
Sodium hypophosphite ......... 150 g / L
Sodium tartrate dihydrate ..... 120 g / L
Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution (1 g / L) ... 1 mL / L

<実施例15>
実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液を下記組成の液に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行い、導電粒子を得た。なお、下記組成の第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液30mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。この導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表1に、それ以外の結果を表2に示す。
(第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液)
硫酸ニッケル・・・・・・・・・・・・400g/L
次亜リン酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・150g/L
クエン酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・・120g/L
硝酸ビスマス水溶液(1g/L)・・・1mL/L
Example 15
Each step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electroless nickel plating solution was changed to a solution having the following composition in step c of Example 1, to obtain conductive particles. In addition, 30 mL of the first layer-forming electroless nickel plating solution having the following composition was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, presence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles were used The evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 2 shows the other results.
(Electroless nickel plating solution for forming the first layer)
Nickel sulfate ············ 400g / L
Sodium hypophosphite ......... 150 g / L
Sodium citrate ........... 120 g / L
Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution (1 g / L) ... 1 mL / L

<実施例16〜20>
実施例1の工程dにおいて、無電解パラジウムめっき液の滴下量を下に示した量に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行い、導電粒子を得た。これらの導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表1に、それ以外の結果を表2に示す。
実施例16:3mL
実施例17:15mL
実施例18:60mL
実施例19:90mL
実施例20:150mL
Examples 16 to 20
Each step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dropping amount of the electroless palladium plating solution was changed to the amount shown below in step d of Example 1, to obtain conductive particles. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film in the same manner as in Example 1 except that these conductive particles were used The presence or absence, the evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 2 shows the other results.
Example 16: 3 mL
Example 17: 15 mL
Example 18: 60 mL
Example 19: 90 mL
Example 20: 150 mL

<実施例21〜25>
実施例1の工程dにおいて、無電解パラジウムめっき液を下記組成の液に変更し、下記液量にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行い、導電粒子を得た。なお、下記組成の第2の層形成用無電解パラジウムめっき液を、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。これらの導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表1に、それ以外の結果を表2に示す。
(無電解パラジウムめっき液)
塩化パラジウム・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・7g/L
エチレンジアミン・・・・・・・・・・・・・・30ml/L
次亜リン酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・・・・・30g/L
ギ酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・20g/L
チオジグリコール酸・・・・・・・・・・・・・10mg/L
pH・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・8
(液量)
実施例21:15mL
実施例22:30mL
実施例23:60mL
実施例24:90mL
実施例25:150mL
Examples 21 to 25
Each step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electroless palladium plating solution was changed to a solution having the following composition in step d of Example 1 to obtain the following solution amount, and conductive particles were obtained. A second layer-forming electroless palladium plating solution having the following composition was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film in the same manner as in Example 1 except that these conductive particles were used The presence or absence, the evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 2 shows the other results.
(Electroless palladium plating solution)
Palladium chloride ........... 7 g / L
Ethylene diamine ........... 30 ml / L
Sodium hypophosphite ........... 30 g / L
Sodium formate ........... 20 g / L
Thiodiglycolic acid ..... 10 mg / L
pH ................. 8
(Liquid volume)
Example 21: 15 mL
Example 22: 30 mL
Example 23: 60 mL
Example 24: 90 mL
Example 25: 150 mL

<実施例26>
実施例1の工程a〜工程cを行った後、実施例1の工程dにおいて、無電解パラジウムめっき液の滴下量を15mLに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして工程dを行い、厚さ0.05μm、純度100%の第1のパラジウム被膜を形成した。続いて、実施例21〜25で用いた無電解パラジウムめっき液15mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。この工程を行うことで、第1のパラジウム被膜上に純度97%の第2のパラジウム被膜を0.05μm形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程eを行い、導電粒子を得た。この導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、工程hを行い、半導体パッケージを得た。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 26
After performing step a to step c of Example 1, step d is performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dropping amount of the electroless palladium plating solution is changed to 15 mL in step d of Example 1, A first palladium film having a thickness of 0.05 μm and a purity of 100% was formed. Subsequently, 15 mL of the electroless palladium plating solution used in Examples 21 to 25 was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min. By performing this step, a second palladium film having a purity of 97% was formed on the first palladium film to a thickness of 0.05 μm. After this, step e of Example 1 was performed to obtain conductive particles. Step h was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles were used to obtain a semiconductor package. Evaluation of film thickness and composition of each film, solder connection reliability, presence or absence of the sixth layer (copper) and the first layer (nickel) film, evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, The coefficient of variation of the particle size of the particles after plating and the monodispersion rate of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例27>
実施例1の工程a〜工程cを行った後、実施例1の工程dにおいて、無電解パラジウムめっき液の滴下量を30mLに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、工程dを行い、純度100%のパラジウム被膜を0.1μm形成した。続いて、実施例21〜25で用いた無電解パラジウムめっき液30mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。この工程を行うことで、純度97%のパラジウム被膜を0.1μm形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程e以降と同様にして各工程を行い、導電粒子を得た。この導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、工程hを行い、半導体パッケージを得た。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 27
After performing step a to step c of Example 1, step d is performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dropping amount of the electroless palladium plating solution is changed to 30 mL in step d of Example And a palladium film of 100% purity was formed to a thickness of 0.1 μm. Subsequently, 30 mL of the electroless palladium plating solution used in Examples 21 to 25 was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min. By performing this step, a palladium film having a purity of 97% was formed to a thickness of 0.1 μm. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step e and subsequent steps of Example 1, to obtain conductive particles. Step h was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles were used to obtain a semiconductor package. Evaluation of film thickness and composition of each film, solder connection reliability, presence or absence of the sixth layer (copper) and the first layer (nickel) film, evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, The coefficient of variation of the particle size of the particles after plating and the monodispersion rate of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例28>
実施例1の工程eを行わなかったこと以外は、全て実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行い、導電粒子を得た。この導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 28
Each step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that step e in Example 1 was not performed, to obtain conductive particles. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, presence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles were used The evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例29> 第4の層の形成 (Ag)(工程f)
実施例1の工程a〜dを行った後、第6の層(銅)、第1の層(ニッケル)及び第2の層(パラジウム)を形成した粒子53.6gを、60℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、下記組成の無電解銀めっき液50mLを5mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚の銀めっき被膜(銀の純度100%)からなる第4の層を形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。本実施例の導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
(無電解銀めっき液)
ムデンシルバーSS−1(奥野製薬工業株式会社製): 50 ml/L
ムデンシルバーSS−2(奥野製薬工業株式会社製):500 ml/L
ムデンシルバーSS−3(奥野製薬工業株式会社製): 5 ml/L
Example 29 Formation of Fourth Layer (Ag) (Step f)
After carrying out steps a to d of Example 1, 53.6 g of particles forming the sixth layer (copper), the first layer (nickel) and the second layer (palladium) are heated at 60 ° C. The diluted solution was diluted with 200 mL of water, and 50 mL of an electroless silver plating solution having the following composition was dropped at a dropping rate of 5 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a fourth layer composed of a silver plating film (purity of silver 100%) with a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles of this example were used The presence or absence of a film, the evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.
(Electroless silver plating solution)
Muden Silver SS-1 (made by Okuno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.): 50 ml / L
Muden Silver SS-2 (made by Okuno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.): 500 ml / L
Muden Silver SS-3 (made by Okuno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.): 5 ml / L

<実施例30> 第5の層の形成 (Sn)(工程g)
実施例1の工程a〜dを行った後、第6の層(銅)、第1の層(ニッケル)及び第2の層(パラジウム)を形成した粒子53.6gを、60℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、下記組成の無電解スズめっき液50mLを10mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚のスズめっき被膜(スズの純度100%)からなる第5の層を形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。本実施例の導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
(還元型無電解スズめっき液)
メタンスルホン酸スズ・・・・・・・10g/L
ニトリロトリメチレンホスホン酸・・50g/L
クエン酸カリウム・・・・・・・・・30g/L
三塩化チタン(20質量%溶液)・・20ml/L
Example 30 Formation of Fifth Layer (Sn) (Step g)
After carrying out steps a to d of Example 1, 53.6 g of particles forming the sixth layer (copper), the first layer (nickel) and the second layer (palladium) are heated at 60 ° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with 200 mL of water, and 50 mL of an electroless tin plating solution having the following composition was dropped at a dropping rate of 10 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a fifth layer composed of a tin plating film (100% purity of tin) with a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles of this example were used The presence or absence of a film, the evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.
(Reduction type electroless tin plating solution)
Tin methanesulfonate ···············
Nitrilo trimethylene phosphonic acid 50g / L
Potassium citrate ..... 30g / L
Titanium trichloride (20% by mass solution), 20 ml / L

<実施例31>
実施例1の工程a〜dを行った後、第6の層(銅)、第1の層(ニッケル)及び第2の層(パラジウム)を形成した粒子53.6gに、バレルめっきにより、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成のはんだ層を平均で2μm形成した。なお、バレルめっきは、回転駆動部内部に陰極リードを備えたバレルの中に前記第6の層(銅)、第1の層(ニッケル)及び第2の層(パラジウム)を形成した粒子を入れ、そのバレルの周面近辺にアノードを備えたSn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu系めっき浴中で行った。粒子同士の凝集を抑制するために、電流値が、0.1A以下に低下するまで5分間撹拌しながらめっきし、一旦電流値が低下した後、0.3Aまで電流値を上げて、平均2μmの厚みまで電解めっきを行い、濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。その後、メッシュの開口径が80μm角である直径7cmの篩を通すことで、凝集体を取り除いた。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。本実施例の導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 31
After performing the steps a to d of Example 1, 53.6 g of particles in which the sixth layer (copper), the first layer (nickel) and the second layer (palladium) are formed are subjected to barrel plating by Sn The solder layer of the composition of -3.0Ag-0.5Cu was formed 2 micrometers on average. In the barrel plating, particles in which the sixth layer (copper), the first layer (nickel) and the second layer (palladium) are formed are placed in a barrel provided with a cathode lead inside a rotary drive unit. It carried out in the Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu type plating bath equipped with the anode near the perimeter of the barrel. Plating while stirring for 5 minutes until the current value drops to 0.1A or less in order to suppress aggregation between particles, and once the current value drops, raise the current value to 0.3A and average 2 μm The electrolytic plating was performed to a thickness of 5 and filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. After that, the aggregate was removed by passing through a sieve having a diameter of 7 cm and a mesh opening diameter of 80 μm square. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles of this example were used The presence or absence of a film, the evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例32>
実施例31の、電解めっきによるはんだ層の形成工程において、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成のはんだ層を平均で5μmの厚みで形成したこと以外は、実施例31と同様に行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 32
Example 31 was the same as Example 31, except that in the step of forming a solder layer by electrolytic plating, a solder layer having a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu was formed to have a thickness of 5 μm on average. . In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例33>
実施例31の、電解めっきによるはんだ層の形成工程において、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成のはんだ層を平均で10μmの厚みで形成したこと以外は、実施例31と同様に行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 33
Example 31 was carried out in the same manner as Example 31, except that in the step of forming a solder layer by electrolytic plating, a solder layer having a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu was formed with a thickness of 10 μm on average. . In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例34>
実施例1の工程bを行わなかったこと以外は、全て実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 34
Each step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that step b of Example 1 was not performed. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例35>
実施例1の工程b及び工程eを行わなかったこと以外は、全て実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 35
Each step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that step b and step e in Example 1 were not performed. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例36>
実施例1の工程aを行った後、工程c及び工程dを行った。第1の層(ニッケル)及び第2の層(パラジウム)を形成した粒子50.6gを、60℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、実施例29で用いた無電解銀めっき液と同組成の液を用い、無電解銀めっき液50mLを5mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚の銀めっき被膜(銀の純度100%)からなる第4の層を形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 36
After performing step a of Example 1, step c and step d were performed. 50.6 g of particles forming the first layer (nickel) and the second layer (palladium) were diluted with 200 mL of water heated at 60 ° C., and the same composition as the electroless silver plating solution used in Example 29 50 mL of electroless silver plating solutions were dropped at a dropping rate of 5 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a fourth layer composed of a silver plating film (purity of silver 100%) with a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例37>
実施例1で用いた、球状非導電性粒子である、平均粒径40μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)50.0gの代わりに、平均粒径10μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)3.1gの球状非導電性粒子を用いた。なお、開口径が18μmφ、はんだレジスト表面から電極までの深さが6μmの半導体チップ搭載用基板を用いた。なお、開口径のピッチは、36μmとした。半導体チップ搭載用基板の電極には、銅/無電解Ni−P(リン濃度7%)2μm/パラジウム(純度100%)0.1μm/金(純度100%)0.1μmからなる電極を用い、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu組成のはんだ層が約5μm形成されるように電解めっきによる被膜を形成した。また、はんだレジストの開口径が18μmφ、はんだレジスト表面から電極までの深さが5μmの半導体チップを用いた。半導体チップの電極には、銅/無電解Ni−P(リン濃度7%)2μm/パラジウム(純度100%)0.1μm/金(純度100%)0.1μmからなる電極を用い、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu組成のはんだ層が約4μm形成されるように電解めっきによる被膜を形成した。それ以外は、全て実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 37
Spherical non-conductive particles used in Example 1 and having an average particle diameter of 40 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.6 acrylic particles (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name "Hayabeads") 50.0 g Instead of the above, spherical nonconductive particles having an average particle diameter of 10 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.6 (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name “Hayabeads”) of 3.1 g were used. A substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip having an opening diameter of 18 μmφ and a depth of 6 μm from the surface of the solder resist to the electrode was used. The pitch of the aperture diameter was 36 μm. For the electrodes of the semiconductor chip mounting substrate, an electrode consisting of copper / electroless Ni-P (phosphorus concentration 7%) 2 μm / palladium (purity 100%) 0.1 μm / gold (purity 100%) 0.1 μm is used. A film was formed by electrolytic plating so that a solder layer of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu composition was formed to about 5 μm. In addition, a semiconductor chip having an opening diameter of the solder resist of 18 μmφ and a depth of 5 μm from the surface of the solder resist to the electrode was used. For the electrode of the semiconductor chip, an electrode consisting of copper / electroless Ni-P (phosphorus concentration 7%) 2 μm / palladium (purity 100%) 0.1 μm / gold (purity 100%) 0.1 μm is used. Sn-3 A film was formed by electrolytic plating so that a solder layer having a composition of 0 Ag-0.5 Cu was formed to be about 4 μm. Each step was performed in the same manner as Example 1 except for the above. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例38>
実施例1で用いた、球状非導電性粒子である、平均粒径40μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)50.0gの代わりに、平均粒径10μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)3.1gの球状非導電性粒子を用いた。実施例1の工程bにおいて、無電解銅めっき液の補充液A及び補充液Bの滴下量を50mLに変更し、第6の層を5μmにしたこと以外は実施例37と同様にして、各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 38
Spherical non-conductive particles used in Example 1 and having an average particle diameter of 40 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.6 acrylic particles (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name "Hayabeads") 50.0 g Instead of the above, spherical nonconductive particles having an average particle diameter of 10 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.6 (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name “Hayabeads”) of 3.1 g were used. Each step was carried out in the same manner as in Example 37 except that in the step b of Example 1, the dripping amounts of the replenisher A and the replenisher B for the electroless copper plating solution were changed to 50 mL and the sixth layer was 5 μm. The process was done. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例39>
実施例1で用いた、球状非導電性粒子である、平均粒径40μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)50.0gの代わりに、平均粒径10μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)3.1gの球状非導電性粒子を用いた。実施例1の工程bにおいて、無電解銅めっき液の補充液A及び補充液Bの滴下量を100mLに変更し、第6の層を10μmにしたこと以外は実施例37と同様にして、各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 39
Spherical non-conductive particles used in Example 1 and having an average particle diameter of 40 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.6 acrylic particles (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name "Hayabeads") 50.0 g Instead of the above, spherical nonconductive particles having an average particle diameter of 10 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.6 (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name “Hayabeads”) of 3.1 g were used. Each step was carried out in the same manner as in Example 37 except that, in step b of Example 1, the dripping amounts of replenisher A and replenisher B for the electroless copper plating solution were changed to 100 mL and the sixth layer was made 10 μm. The process was done. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例40>
実施例1で用いた、球状非導電性粒子である、平均粒径40μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)50.0gの代わりに、平均粒径20μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)12.5gの球状非導電性粒子を用いた。なお、開口径が30μmφ、はんだレジスト表面から電極までの深さが6μmの半導体チップ搭載用基板を用いた。なお、開口径のピッチは、60μmとした。半導体チップ搭載用基板の電極には、銅/無電解Ni−P(リン濃度7%)2μm/パラジウム(純度100%)0.1μm/金(純度100%)0.1μmからなる電極を用い、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu組成のはんだ層が約5μm形成されるように電解めっきによる被膜を形成した。また、はんだレジストの開口径が30μmφ、はんだレジスト表面から電極までの深さが5μmの半導体チップを用いた。半導体チップの電極には、銅/無電解Ni−P(リン濃度7%)2μm/パラジウム(純度100%)0.1μm/金(純度100%)0.1μmからなる電極を用い、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu組成のはんだ層が約4μm形成されるように電解めっきによる被膜を形成した。それ以外は、全て実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 40
Spherical non-conductive particles used in Example 1 and having an average particle diameter of 40 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.6 acrylic particles (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name "Hayabeads") 50.0 g Instead of the above, spherical non-conductive particles of 12.5 g having an average particle diameter of 20 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.6 (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name "Hayabei") were used. A semiconductor chip mounting substrate having an opening diameter of 30 μmφ and a depth of 6 μm from the surface of the solder resist to the electrode was used. The pitch of the opening diameter was 60 μm. For the electrodes of the semiconductor chip mounting substrate, an electrode consisting of copper / electroless Ni-P (phosphorus concentration 7%) 2 μm / palladium (purity 100%) 0.1 μm / gold (purity 100%) 0.1 μm is used. A film was formed by electrolytic plating so that a solder layer of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu composition was formed to about 5 μm. In addition, a semiconductor chip having an opening diameter of the solder resist of 30 μmφ and a depth of 5 μm from the surface of the solder resist to the electrode was used. For the electrode of the semiconductor chip, an electrode consisting of copper / electroless Ni-P (phosphorus concentration 7%) 2 μm / palladium (purity 100%) 0.1 μm / gold (purity 100%) 0.1 μm is used. Sn-3 A film was formed by electrolytic plating so that a solder layer having a composition of 0 Ag-0.5 Cu was formed to be about 4 μm. Each step was performed in the same manner as Example 1 except for the above. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例41>
実施例1で用いた、球状非導電性粒子である、平均粒径40μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)50.0gの代わりに、平均粒径60μm、変動係数(C.V.)2.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)112.5gの球状非導電性粒子を用いた。なお、開口径が70μmφ、はんだレジスト表面から電極までの深さが15μmの半導体チップ搭載用基板を用いた。なお、開口径のピッチは、140μmとした。半導体チップ搭載用基板の電極には、銅/無電解Ni−P(リン濃度7%)2μm/パラジウム(純度100%)0.1μm/金(純度100%)0.1μmからなる電極を用い、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu組成のはんだ層が約12μm形成されるように電解めっきによる被膜を形成した。また、はんだレジストの開口径が70μmφ、はんだレジスト表面から電極までの深さが10μmの半導体チップを用いた。半導体チップの電極には、銅/無電解Ni−P(リン濃度7%)2μm/パラジウム(純度100%)0.1μm/金(純度100%)0.1μmからなる電極を用いSn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu組成のはんだ層が約8μm形成されるように電解めっきによる被膜を形成した。それ以外は、全て実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 41
Spherical non-conductive particles used in Example 1 and having an average particle diameter of 40 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.6 acrylic particles (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name "Hayabeads") 50.0 g Instead of this, 112.5 g of spherical nonconductive particles having an average particle diameter of 60 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 2.6 (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name “Hayabeads”) were used. A semiconductor chip mounting substrate having an opening diameter of 70 μmφ and a depth of 15 μm from the surface of the solder resist to the electrode was used. The pitch of the aperture diameter was 140 μm. For the electrodes of the semiconductor chip mounting substrate, an electrode consisting of copper / electroless Ni-P (phosphorus concentration 7%) 2 μm / palladium (purity 100%) 0.1 μm / gold (purity 100%) 0.1 μm is used. A film was formed by electrolytic plating so that a solder layer of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu composition was formed to about 12 μm. Further, a semiconductor chip having an opening diameter of the solder resist of 70 μmφ and a depth of 10 μm from the surface of the solder resist to the electrode was used. As an electrode of the semiconductor chip, an electrode consisting of copper / electroless Ni-P (phosphorus concentration 7%) 2 μm / palladium (purity 100%) 0.1 μm / gold (purity 100%) 0.1 μm is used Sn-3. A film was formed by electrolytic plating so that a solder layer of 0 Ag-0.5 Cu composition was formed to be about 8 μm. Each step was performed in the same manner as Example 1 except for the above. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例42>
実施例1の工程a〜工程eと同様の方法で導電粒子の作製を行った。
[半導体パッケージの作製方法]
次に、実施例1の工程hと同様の半導体チップ搭載用基板を準備した。半導体パッケージの基板上面に形成された、導電粒子を搭載するための電極の開口部へスクリーン印刷法で、融点が140℃のSn−Bi組成のはんだペーストLT142ZHを充填し、IRリフロー(千住金属工業(株)製、最大温度170℃)へ投入、半導体チップ搭載用基板の電極の開口部に、Sn−Bi組成のはんだ層を形成した。このときのはんだ層の厚みは約12μmであった。フラックス残渣を洗浄除去後、再度、スクリーン印刷法ではんだ層上にフラックスを塗布し、電極の開口部上に、第6の層(銅)、第1の層(ニッケル)、第2の層(パラジウム)及び第3の層(金)を形成したアクリル粒子を設置し、IRリフロー(千住金属工業(株)製、最大温度170℃)へ投入し、導電粒子表面にSn−Bi組成のはんだを濡れあがらせることで、導電粒子を半導体チップ搭載用基板の電極上に接続させた。
次に、はんだレジストの開口径が45μmφ、はんだレジスト表面から電極までの深さが8μmの半導体チップを準備した。なお、半導体チップの電極には、銅/無電解Ni−P(リン濃度7%)2μm/パラジウム(純度100%)0.1μm/金(純度100%)0.1μmからなる電極を用い、Sn−Bi組成のはんだ層が形成されるようにPF−05M(石原ケミカル(株)製、商品名)を用いて、電解めっきによる被膜を形成した。このとき、Sn−Bi組成のはんだ層の厚みは約5μmであった。スクリーン印刷法ではんだ層上にフラックスを塗布し、導電粒子搭載済みの半導体チップ搭載用基板の端子部と合うように、フラックスを塗布した半導体チップを積層した後に、IRリフロー(千住金属工業(株)製、最大温度170℃)へ投入した。このようにして、図12に示されるような、半導体チップ搭載用基板及び半導体チップの電極間が、はんだ接合され、その間には導電粒子が挟み込まれた構造の半導体パッケージを得ることが可能になる。さらに、半導体チップ搭載用基板と半導体チップの隙間に、半導体チップ端部からアンダーフィル材CEL−C−3900(日立化成(株)製、商品名)を注入し、オーブンを用いて120℃で15分の1次硬化及び150℃で1時間の2次硬化を行った。はんだ接続信頼性、絶縁信頼性、粒径の変動係数及び単分散率の評価は実施例1と同様に行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 42
The conductive particles were produced in the same manner as in steps a to e of Example 1.
[Method of manufacturing semiconductor package]
Next, the same semiconductor chip mounting substrate as in step h of Example 1 was prepared. Solder paste LT142ZH of Sn-Bi composition having a melting point of 140 ° C. is filled in the opening of the electrode for mounting conductive particles formed on the upper surface of the substrate of the semiconductor package by the screen printing method, and IR reflow (Senju metal industry A solder layer of a Sn-Bi composition was formed at the opening of the electrode of the substrate for mounting a semiconductor chip, by supplying the product to a product manufactured by Co., Ltd. (maximum temperature: 170 ° C.). The thickness of the solder layer at this time was about 12 μm. After washing away the flux residue, the flux is applied again on the solder layer by the screen printing method, and the sixth layer (copper), the first layer (nickel), the second layer Install acrylic particles in which palladium and the third layer (gold) are formed, introduce to IR reflow (made by Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd., maximum temperature 170 ° C), solder of Sn-Bi composition on the surface of conductive particles The conductive particles were connected onto the electrodes of the semiconductor chip mounting substrate by wetting and raising.
Next, a semiconductor chip having an opening diameter of the solder resist of 45 μmφ and a depth of 8 μm from the surface of the solder resist to the electrode was prepared. For the electrode of the semiconductor chip, an electrode consisting of copper / electroless Ni-P (phosphorus concentration 7%) 2 μm / palladium (purity 100%) 0.1 μm / gold (purity 100%) 0.1 μm is used. A film was formed by electrolytic plating using PF-05M (manufactured by Ishihara Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name) so that a solder layer of -Bi composition was formed. At this time, the thickness of the solder layer of the Sn—Bi composition was about 5 μm. After coating the flux coated on the solder layer by screen printing method and laminating the flux coated semiconductor chip so as to match the terminal portion of the semiconductor chip mounting substrate on which conductive particles have been mounted, IR reflow (Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. Made to a maximum temperature of 170 ° C.). In this way, it becomes possible to obtain a semiconductor package having a structure in which the semiconductor chip mounting substrate and the electrodes of the semiconductor chip are solder-bonded as shown in FIG. 12 and conductive particles are sandwiched therebetween. . Furthermore, an underfill material CEL-C-3900 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) is injected into the gap between the semiconductor chip mounting substrate and the semiconductor chip from the end of the semiconductor chip, and the oven is used for 15 ° C at 120 ° C. Primary curing and secondary curing at 150 ° C. for 1 hour were performed. The evaluation of the solder connection reliability, the insulation reliability, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter, and the monodispersion rate was performed in the same manner as Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例43>
実施例1の工程a〜工程eと同様の方法で導電粒子の作製を行った。
[半導体パッケージの作製方法](工程h)
実施例1の工程hにおいて、銅/無電解Ni−P(リン濃度7%)2μm/パラジウム(純度100%)0.1μm/金(純度100%)0.1μmからなる電極602−aの電極部において、無電解Ni−P(リン濃度7%)2μm/パラジウム(純度100%)0.1μm/金(純度100%)0.1μmを形成していない銅のみの電極からなる、半導体チップ搭載用基板を用いた。
また、半導体チップの電極には、銅/無電解Ni−P(リン濃度7%)2μm/パラジウム(純度100%)0.1μm/金(純度100%)0.1μmからなる電極の代わりに、銅のみからなる電極を用いた。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、150℃で1000時間放置した後の、導電粒子による接続部の断面概略図を図21に示した。
Example 43
The conductive particles were produced in the same manner as in steps a to e of Example 1.
[Method of Manufacturing Semiconductor Package] (Step h)
In step h of Example 1, an electrode 602-a made of copper / electroless Ni-P (phosphorus concentration 7%) 2 μm / palladium (purity 100%) 0.1 μm / gold (purity 100%) 0.1 μm Semiconductor chip mounting consisting of copper-only electrodes not forming electroless Ni-P (phosphorus concentration 7%) 2 μm / palladium (purity 100%) 0.1 μm / gold (purity 100%) 0.1 μm in A substrate was used.
In addition, instead of an electrode made of copper / electroless Ni-P (phosphorus concentration 7%) 2 μm / palladium (purity 100%) 0.1 μm / gold (purity 100%) 0.1 μm for the electrode of the semiconductor chip, An electrode consisting only of copper was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results. FIG. 21 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection portion by conductive particles after the manufactured semiconductor package is left to stand at 150 ° C. for 1000 hours.

<実施例44>
実施例1の工程a〜dを行った後、第6の層(銅)、第1の層(ニッケル)及び第2の層(パラジウム)を形成した粒子53.6gに、バレルスパッタにより、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成のはんだ層を平均で2μm形成した。なお、バレルスパッタは、回転駆動部内部にSn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成のターゲットを備えた円筒状のバレルの中に前記第6の層(銅)、第1の層(ニッケル)及び第2の層(パラジウム)を形成した粒子を入れ、バレル内を1×10−4Pa以下に減圧した後、バレル内が1Paになるようアルゴンを一定流速で流した。その後、バレルを回転・反転させて粒子を転動、攪拌した。さらに、粒子に直接振動を加えて、粒子の凝集を抑制した。その後、ターゲットに電圧を印加し、粒子の表面にスパッタ層を形成した。スパッタ層が2μmになるまでスパッタを行った後、バレル内を大気圧に戻し、導電粒子を取り出した。粒子を取り出し、メッシュの開口径が80μm角である直径7cmの篩を通すことで、凝集体を取り除いた。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。本実施例の導電粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 44
After performing the steps a to d of Example 1, 53.6 g of particles in which the sixth layer (copper), the first layer (nickel) and the second layer (palladium) are formed are subjected to barrel sputtering, and Sn The solder layer of the composition of -3.0Ag-0.5Cu was formed 2 micrometers on average. In the barrel sputtering, the sixth layer (copper) and the first layer (nickel) are provided in a cylindrical barrel provided with a target having a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu inside the rotary drive unit. And the particle | grains which formed the 2nd layer (palladium) were put in, after depressurizing the inside of a barrel into 1 * 10 <-4> Pa or less, argon was flowed by constant flow so that the inside of a barrel might be 1 Pa. Thereafter, the barrel was rotated and inverted to roll and stir the particles. Furthermore, vibration was directly applied to the particles to suppress aggregation of the particles. Thereafter, a voltage was applied to the target to form a sputtered layer on the surface of the particles. After sputtering was performed until the sputtered layer reached 2 μm, the inside of the barrel was returned to atmospheric pressure, and the conductive particles were taken out. The particles were removed, and the aggregates were removed by passing through a sieve having a diameter of 80 cm and having a diameter of 80 μm. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. Evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive particles of this example were used The presence or absence of a film, the evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例45>
実施例44の、電解めっきによるはんだ層の形成工程において、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成のはんだ層を平均で5μm形成したこと以外は、実施例44と同様に行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 45
Example 44 was carried out in the same manner as Example 44 except that in the step of forming a solder layer by electrolytic plating, a solder layer having a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu was formed in an average of 5 μm. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例46>
実施例44の、電解めっきによるはんだ層の形成工程において、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成のはんだ層を平均で10μm形成したこと以外は、実施例44と同様に行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 46
Example 44 was carried out in the same manner as Example 44 except that in the step of forming a solder layer by electrolytic plating, a solder layer having a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu was formed in an average of 10 μm. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例47>
実施例1で用いた、球状非導電性粒子である、平均粒径40μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)50.0gの代わりに、平均粒径40μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.5のシリカ粒子(宇部エクシモ株式会社製、商品名「ハイプレシカ TS」)100.0gを用いた。それ以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 47
Spherical non-conductive particles used in Example 1 and having an average particle diameter of 40 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.6 acrylic particles (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name "Hayabeads") 50.0 g Instead of the above, 100.0 g of silica particles having an average particle diameter of 40 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.5 (manufactured by Ube Eximo Co., Ltd., trade name “Hypresica TS”) was used. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<実施例48>
実施例1で用いた、球状非導電性粒子である、平均粒径40μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.6のアクリル粒子(早川ゴム株式会社製、商品名「ハヤビーズ」)50.0gの代わりに、平均粒径40μm、変動係数(C.V.)1.5のシリカ粒子(宇部エクシモ株式会社製、商品名「ハイプレシカ TS」)100.0gを用いて、実施例42と同様に導電粒子の作製を行った。
[半導体パッケージの作製方法]
次に、実施例42と同様の半導体チップ搭載用基板と半導体チップを用い、球状非導電性粒子がシリカ粒子で、はんだ層がSn−Bi組成からなる半導体パッケージを得た。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表3に、それ以外の結果を表4に示す。
Example 48
Spherical non-conductive particles used in Example 1 and having an average particle diameter of 40 μm and a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.6 acrylic particles (manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber Co., Ltd., trade name "Hayabeads") 50.0 g In the same manner as in Example 42, using 100.0 g of silica particles having an average particle diameter of 40 μm and a coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.5 (trade name "Hypresica TS" manufactured by Ube Eximo Co., Ltd.) instead of The conductive particles were produced.
[Method of manufacturing semiconductor package]
Next, using the same semiconductor chip mounting substrate and semiconductor chip as in Example 42, a semiconductor package was obtained in which the spherical nonconductive particles were silica particles and the solder layer was a Sn—Bi composition. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the film thickness and components of each film, and Table 4 shows the other results.

<比較例1〜2>
実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液の滴下量を以下に示した量に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
比較例1:10mL
比較例2:20mL
Comparative Examples 1 and 2
Each step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of dropped electroless nickel plating solution was changed to the amount shown below in step c of Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.
Comparative example 1: 10 mL
Comparative example 2: 20 mL

<比較例3>
実施例1の工程a及びbを行った後、実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液を下記組成の液に変更し第1の層からなる無電解ニッケルめっき被膜を形成した。なお、200mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下し、2μmの厚みを得た。これ以降、実施例1の工程e以降と同様に行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
(第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液)
硫酸ニッケル・6水和物・・・・・・・・・・400g/L
ヒドラジン・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・50ml/L
酢酸・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・120g/L
硝酸ビスマス水溶液(1g/L)・・・・・・・1mL/L
Comparative Example 3
After carrying out steps a and b of Example 1, the electroless nickel plating solution was changed to a solution of the following composition in step c of Example 1 to form an electroless nickel plating film comprising a first layer. In addition, 200 mL was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min to obtain a thickness of 2 μm. The subsequent steps were performed in the same manner as step e and the subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.
(Electroless nickel plating solution for forming the first layer)
Nickel sulfate hexahydrate ........... 400 g / L
Hydrazine ······················ 50 ml / L
Acetic acid ··················· 120g / L
Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution (1 g / L) ..... 1 mL / L

<比較例4>
実施例1の工程a及びbを行った後、実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液を下記組成の液に変更し第1の層からなる無電解ニッケルめっき被膜を形成した。なお、無電解ニッケルめっき液200mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下し、2μmの厚みを得た。これ以降、実施例1の工程e以降と同様に行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
(第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液)
硫酸ニッケル・・・・・・・・・・・・400g/L
次亜リン酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・150g/L
酒石酸ナトリウム・2水和物・・・・・120g/L
硝酸ビスマス水溶液(1g/L)・・・1mL/L
作製後の半導体パッケージを、図22に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、150℃で500時間放置した後の、導電粒子による接続部の断面概略図を図23に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、150℃で1000時間放置した後の、導電粒子による接続部の断面概略図を図24に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、150℃で1000時間放置し、落下衝撃試験を行い、はんだ接続部にクラック400が入った場合の断面概略図を図25に示す。なお、図22〜24における213、224及び225は金属間化合物である。
Comparative Example 4
After carrying out steps a and b of Example 1, the electroless nickel plating solution was changed to a solution of the following composition in step c of Example 1 to form an electroless nickel plating film comprising a first layer. In addition, 200 mL of the electroless nickel plating solution was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min to obtain a thickness of 2 μm. The subsequent steps were performed in the same manner as step e and the subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.
(Electroless nickel plating solution for forming the first layer)
Nickel sulfate ············ 400g / L
Sodium hypophosphite ......... 150 g / L
Sodium tartrate dihydrate ..... 120 g / L
Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution (1 g / L) ... 1 mL / L
The manufactured semiconductor package is shown in FIG. FIG. 23 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection portion by conductive particles after the manufactured semiconductor package is left at 150 ° C. for 500 hours. FIG. 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection portion with conductive particles after the manufactured semiconductor package is left at 150 ° C. for 1000 hours. The manufactured semiconductor package is left to stand at 150 ° C. for 1000 hours, subjected to a drop impact test, and a schematic cross-sectional view in the case where a crack 400 is formed in the solder connection portion is shown in FIG. In addition, 213, 224, and 225 in FIGS. 22-24 are intermetallic compounds.

<比較例5>
実施例3の工程dを行わなかったこと以外は、全て実施例1と同様にして、各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 5
Each step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that step d in Example 3 was not performed. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例6>
実施例1の工程a及びbを行った後、実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液を下記組成の液に変更し第1の層からなる無電解ニッケルめっき被膜を形成した。なお、無電解ニッケルめっき液200mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下し、2μmの厚みを得た。これ以降、実施例1の工程e以降と同様に行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
(第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液)
硫酸ニッケル・・・・・・・・・・・・400g/L
次亜リン酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・150g/L
クエン酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・・120g/L
硝酸ビスマス水溶液(1g/L)・・・1mL/L
Comparative Example 6
After carrying out steps a and b of Example 1, the electroless nickel plating solution was changed to a solution of the following composition in step c of Example 1 to form an electroless nickel plating film comprising a first layer. In addition, 200 mL of the electroless nickel plating solution was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min to obtain a thickness of 2 μm. The subsequent steps were performed in the same manner as step e and the subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.
(Electroless nickel plating solution for forming the first layer)
Nickel sulfate ············ 400g / L
Sodium hypophosphite ......... 150 g / L
Sodium citrate ........... 120 g / L
Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution (1 g / L) ... 1 mL / L

<比較例7>
実施例1の工程a及びbを行った後、実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液を下記組成の液に変更し第1の層からなる無電解ニッケルめっき被膜を形成した。なお、200mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下し、2μmの厚みを得た。
(第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液)
硫酸ニッケル・6水和物・・・・・・・・・・400g/L
ヒドラジン・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・50ml/L
酢酸・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・120g/L
硝酸ビスマス水溶液(1g/L)・・・・・・・1mL/L
Comparative Example 7
After carrying out steps a and b of Example 1, the electroless nickel plating solution was changed to a solution of the following composition in step c of Example 1 to form an electroless nickel plating film comprising a first layer. In addition, 200 mL was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min to obtain a thickness of 2 μm.
(Electroless nickel plating solution for forming the first layer)
Nickel sulfate hexahydrate ........... 400 g / L
Hydrazine ······················ 50 ml / L
Acetic acid ··················· 120g / L
Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution (1 g / L) ..... 1 mL / L

(第5の層の形成)
第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)を形成した粒子に、バレルめっきにより、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成の第5の層を平均で10μm形成した。なお、バレルめっきは、回転駆動部内部に陰極リードを備えたバレルの中に前記Ni層を形成した銅コアボールを入れ、そのバレルの周面近辺にアノードを備えたSn−3.0Ag−0.5Cu系めっき浴中で行った。銅コアボール同士の凝集を抑制するために、電流値が、0.1A以下に低下するまで5分間撹拌しながらめっきし、一旦電流値が低下した後、0.3Aまで電流値を上げて、平均10μmの厚みまで電解めっきを行い、濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。その後、メッシュの開口径が80μm角である直径7cmの篩を通すことで、凝集体を取り除いた。これ以降は、実施例1と同様に半導体パッケージを作製し、実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
(Formation of the fifth layer)
By the barrel plating, the particle which formed the 6th layer (copper) and the 1st layer (nickel) formed the 5th layer of a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu on average at 10 micrometers. In barrel plating, a copper core ball having the Ni layer formed in a barrel provided with a cathode lead inside a rotary drive unit is inserted, and an anode is provided in the vicinity of the circumferential surface of the barrel. .5 Cu-based plating bath. In order to suppress the cohesion between copper core balls, plating is performed while stirring for 5 minutes until the current value decreases to 0.1 A or less, and once the current value decreases, the current value is increased to 0.3 A, Electrolytic plating was performed to an average thickness of 10 μm and filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. After that, the aggregate was removed by passing through a sieve having a diameter of 7 cm and a mesh opening diameter of 80 μm square. After this, a semiconductor package is produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and in the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and first The presence or absence of the layer (nickel) film, the evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion of particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例8>
実施例1の工程a及びbを行った後、実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液を下記組成の液に変更し第1の層からなる無電解ニッケルめっき被膜を形成した。なお、無電解ニッケルめっき液200mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下し、2μmの厚みを得た。これ以降、比較例7と同様に、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成の第5の層を平均で10μm形成した。これ以降は、実施例1と同様に半導体パッケージを作製し、実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 8
After carrying out steps a and b of Example 1, the electroless nickel plating solution was changed to a solution of the following composition in step c of Example 1 to form an electroless nickel plating film comprising a first layer. In addition, 200 mL of the electroless nickel plating solution was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min to obtain a thickness of 2 μm. After this, in the same manner as in Comparative Example 7, a fifth layer of a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu was formed to an average of 10 μm. After this, a semiconductor package is produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and in the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and first The presence or absence of the layer (nickel) film, the evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion of particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

(第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液)
硫酸ニッケル・・・・・・・・・・・・400g/L
次亜リン酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・150g/L
酒石酸ナトリウム・2水和物・・・・・120g/L
硝酸ビスマス水溶液(1g/L)・・・1mL/L
(Electroless nickel plating solution for forming the first layer)
Nickel sulfate ············ 400g / L
Sodium hypophosphite ......... 150 g / L
Sodium tartrate dihydrate ..... 120 g / L
Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution (1 g / L) ... 1 mL / L

<比較例9>
実施例1の工程a〜bを行った後、実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液の滴下量を200mLに変更し、第1の層からなる無電解ニッケルめっき被膜を2μm形成した。この後、比較例7と同様に、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成の第5の層を平均で10μm形成した。これ以降は、実施例1と同様に半導体パッケージを作製し、実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
作製後の、導電粒子の断面概略図を、図26に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、図27に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、150℃で1000時間放置した後の、導電粒子による接続部の断面概略図を図28に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、150℃で1000時間放置し、落下衝撃試験を行い、はんだ接続部にクラック400が入った場合の断面概略図を図29に示す。
Comparative Example 9
After performing Steps a to b of Example 1, in Step c of Example 1, the dropping amount of the electroless nickel plating solution was changed to 200 mL, and 2 μm of electroless nickel plating film formed of the first layer was formed . After that, as in Comparative Example 7, a fifth layer of a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu was formed to an average of 10 μm. After this, a semiconductor package is produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and in the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and first The presence or absence of the layer (nickel) film, the evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion of particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.
The cross-sectional schematic of the electrically-conductive particle after preparation is shown in FIG. The manufactured semiconductor package is shown in FIG. FIG. 28 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection portion with conductive particles after the manufactured semiconductor package is left at 150 ° C. for 1000 hours. The manufactured semiconductor package is left to stand at 150 ° C. for 1000 hours, subjected to a drop impact test, and FIG.

<比較例10>
実施例1の工程a及びbを行った後、実施例1の工程cにおいて、無電解ニッケルめっき液を下記組成の液に変更し第1の層からなる無電解ニッケルめっき被膜を形成した。なお、200mLを、1mL/分の滴下速度で滴下し、2μmの厚みを得た。これ以降、比較例7と同様に、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成の第5の層を平均で10μm形成した。これ以降は、実施例1と同様に半導体パッケージを作製し、実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 10
After carrying out steps a and b of Example 1, the electroless nickel plating solution was changed to a solution of the following composition in step c of Example 1 to form an electroless nickel plating film comprising a first layer. In addition, 200 mL was dropped at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min to obtain a thickness of 2 μm. After this, in the same manner as in Comparative Example 7, a fifth layer of a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu was formed to an average of 10 μm. After this, a semiconductor package is produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and in the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and first The presence or absence of the layer (nickel) film, the evaluation of the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion of particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

(第1の層形成用無電解ニッケルめっき液)
硫酸ニッケル・・・・・・・・・・・・400g/L
次亜リン酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・150g/L
クエン酸ナトリウム・・・・・・・・・120g/L
硝酸ビスマス水溶液(1g/L)・・・1mL/L
(Electroless nickel plating solution for forming the first layer)
Nickel sulfate ············ 400g / L
Sodium hypophosphite ......... 150 g / L
Sodium citrate ........... 120 g / L
Bismuth nitrate aqueous solution (1 g / L) ... 1 mL / L

<比較例11>
実施例1の工程a〜cを行った後、比較例7と同様に、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成の第5の層を平均で10μm形成し、導電粒子の準備を行った。
[半導体パッケージの作製方法](工程h)
実施例1の工程hにおいて、電極602−aとして銅層のみの電極を有する半導体チップ搭載用基板を用いた。また、半導体チップの電極として、実施例1の半導体チップの電極の代わりに、銅のみからなる電極を用いた。
実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
作製後の半導体パッケージを、図30に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、150℃で1000時間放置した後の、導電粒子による接続部の断面概略図を図31に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、150℃で1000時間放置し、落下衝撃試験を行い、はんだ接続部にクラック400が入った場合の断面概略図を図32に示す。
Comparative Example 11
After steps a to c of Example 1, similarly to Comparative Example 7, a fifth layer having a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu was formed to an average of 10 μm to prepare conductive particles. .
[Method of Manufacturing Semiconductor Package] (Step h)
In step h of Example 1, a semiconductor chip mounting substrate having an electrode of only a copper layer was used as the electrode 602-a. Further, instead of the electrode of the semiconductor chip of Example 1, an electrode made of only copper was used as the electrode of the semiconductor chip.
In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.
The semiconductor package after fabrication is shown in FIG. FIG. 31 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection portion with conductive particles after the manufactured semiconductor package is left at 150 ° C. for 1000 hours. The manufactured semiconductor package is left to stand at 150 ° C. for 1000 hours, subjected to a drop impact test, and FIG.

<比較例12>
実施例1の工程a〜cを行った後、さらに、実施例1の工程bと同様の工程を繰り返し行い、第1の層上に銅からなる第7の層を形成し、アクリル粒子の外側に、内側から順に第6の層(銅)2μm、第1の層(ニッケル)2μm及び第7の層(銅)2μmを有する粒子を作製した。続いて、比較例7と同様に、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成の平均10μmの厚さの第5の層を形成することで、導電粒子を得た。これ以降は、実施例1の工程hと同様に半導体パッケージを作製し、実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 12
After performing the steps a to c of Example 1, the same steps as the step b of Example 1 are repeated to form a seventh layer of copper on the first layer, and the outside of the acrylic particles is obtained. In order from the inside, particles having a sixth layer (copper) of 2 μm, a first layer (nickel) of 2 μm and a seventh layer (copper) of 2 μm were produced. Then, the electrically conductive particle was obtained by forming the 5th layer of the thickness of an average of 10 micrometers of a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu similarly to the comparative example 7. FIG. After this, a semiconductor package is produced in the same manner as in step h of Example 1, and in the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and Evaluation of the presence or absence of the first layer (nickel) film, the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the evaluation of the monodispersity of the particles after plating went. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例13>
比較例12の第7の層を形成する工程において、無電解銅めっき液の補充液A及び補充液Bの滴下量を500mLとすることで、アクリル粒子の外側に、内側から順に第6の層(銅)2μm、第1の層(ニッケル)2μm及び第7の層(銅)5μmを有する粒子を作製した。続いて、比較例7と同様に、Sn−3.0Ag−0.5Cuの組成の第5の層を平均で10μm形成することで、導電粒子を得た。これ以降は、実施例1の工程hと同様に半導体パッケージを作製し、実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 13
In the step of forming the seventh layer of Comparative Example 12, the amount of the replenisher A of the electroless copper plating solution and the amount of dripping of the replenisher B are 500 mL, whereby the sixth layer is formed sequentially from the inside to the outside of the acrylic particles. A particle was prepared having (copper) 2 μm, a first layer (nickel) 2 μm and a seventh layer (copper) 5 μm. Subsequently, as in Comparative Example 7, conductive particles were obtained by forming a fifth layer having a composition of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu on average by 10 μm. After this, a semiconductor package is produced in the same manner as in step h of Example 1, and in the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and components of each film, solder connection reliability, sixth layer (copper) and Evaluation of the presence or absence of the first layer (nickel) film, the thickness of the intermetallic compound, the concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the particles after plating, and the evaluation of the monodispersity of the particles after plating went. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例14>
比較例12で作製した導電粒子を準備した。
[半導体パッケージの作製方法](工程h)
実施例1の工程hにおいて、電極602−aとして銅層のみの電極を有する半導体チップ搭載用基板を用いた。また、半導体チップの電極には、実施例1の半導体チップの電極の代わりに、銅のみからなる電極を用いた。
実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、めっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
作製後の、導電粒子の断面概略図を、図33に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、図34に示す。作製後の半導体パッケージを、150℃で500時間放置した後の、導電粒子による接続部の断面概略図を図35に示す。
Comparative Example 14
The conductive particles produced in Comparative Example 12 were prepared.
[Method of Manufacturing Semiconductor Package] (Step h)
In step h of Example 1, a semiconductor chip mounting substrate having an electrode of only a copper layer was used as the electrode 602-a. Further, instead of the electrode of the semiconductor chip of Example 1, an electrode made of only copper was used as the electrode of the semiconductor chip.
In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.
The cross-sectional schematic of the electrically-conductive particle after preparation is shown in FIG. The manufactured semiconductor package is shown in FIG. FIG. 35 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection portion with conductive particles after the manufactured semiconductor package is left at 150 ° C. for 500 hours.

<比較例15>
比較例13で作製した導電粒子を準備した。
[半導体パッケージの作製方法]
実施例1の工程hにおいて、電極602−aとして銅層のみの電極を有する半導体チップ搭載用基板を用いた。また、半導体チップの電極には、実施例1の半導体チップの電極の代わりに、銅のみからなる電極を用いた。
実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 15
The conductive particles produced in Comparative Example 13 were prepared.
[Method of manufacturing semiconductor package]
In step h of Example 1, a semiconductor chip mounting substrate having an electrode of only a copper layer was used as the electrode 602-a. Further, instead of the electrode of the semiconductor chip of Example 1, an electrode made of only copper was used as the electrode of the semiconductor chip.
In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例16>
実施例1の工程a〜cを行い、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)を形成した粒子53.45gを、60℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、実施例29で用いた無電解銀めっき液と同組成の液を用い、無電解銀めっき液100mLを10mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚の銀めっき被膜(銀の純度100%)からなる第4の層を形成した。なお、これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 16
Perform steps ac of Example 1 and dilute 53.45 g of particles forming the sixth layer (copper) and the first layer (nickel) with 200 mL of water heated at 60 ° C., Example 29 100 mL of electroless silver plating solutions were dropped at a dropping rate of 10 mL / min using a solution having the same composition as the electroless silver plating solution used in 5. above. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a fourth layer composed of a silver plating film (purity of silver 100%) with a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. In addition, after this, each process was performed like the process h or subsequent ones of Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例17>
実施例1の工程a〜cを行い、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)を形成した粒子53.45gを、60℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、実施例30と同様の組成の無電解スズめっき液50mLを10mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚のスズめっき被膜(スズの純度100%)からなる第5の層を形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 17
Perform steps ac of Example 1 and dilute 53.45 g of particles forming the sixth layer (copper) and the first layer (nickel) with 200 mL of water heated at 60 ° C., Example 30 50 mL of electroless tin plating solutions of the same composition as the above were dropped at a dropping rate of 10 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a fifth layer composed of a tin plating film (100% purity of tin) with a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例18>
実施例1の工程a及び工程bを行った後、実施例1の工程d及び工程eを行った。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 18
After performing step a and step b of Example 1, step d and step e of Example 1 were performed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例19>
実施例1の工程aを行った後、実施例1の工程bにおいて、無電解銅めっき液の補充液A及び補充液Bの滴下量を250mLに変更し、第6の層(銅)を5μmにした。続いて、実施例1の工程d及び工程eを行った。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 19
After performing step a of Example 1, in step b of Example 1, the dropping amounts of replenisher A and replenisher B for the electroless copper plating solution are changed to 250 mL, and the sixth layer (copper) is 5 μm I made it. Subsequently, step d and step e of Example 1 were performed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例20>
実施例1の工程a及び工程bを行った後、実施例1の工程dを行った。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 20
After performing step a and step b of Example 1, step d of Example 1 was performed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例21>
実施例1の工程aを行った後、実施例1の工程bにおいて、無電解銅めっき液の補充液A及び補充液Bの滴下量を250mLに変更し、第6の層(銅)を5μmにした。続いて、実施例1の工程dを行った。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 21
After performing step a of Example 1, in step b of Example 1, the dropping amounts of replenisher A and replenisher B for the electroless copper plating solution are changed to 250 mL, and the sixth layer (copper) is 5 μm I made it. Subsequently, step d of Example 1 was performed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例22>
実施例1の工程a及び工程bを行った後、実施例1の工程dを行った。第6の層(銅)及び第2の層(パラジウム)を形成した粒子を、60℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、実施例29で用いた無電解銀めっき液と同組成の液を用い、無電解銀めっき液100mLを10mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚の銀めっき被膜(銀の純度100%)からなる第4の層を形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 22
After performing step a and step b of Example 1, step d of Example 1 was performed. The particles forming the sixth layer (copper) and the second layer (palladium) were diluted with 200 mL of water heated at 60 ° C., and a solution having the same composition as the electroless silver plating solution used in Example 29 was used. Then, 100 mL of the electroless silver plating solution was dropped at a dropping rate of 10 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a fourth layer composed of a silver plating film (purity of silver 100%) with a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例23>
実施例1の工程aを行った後、実施例1の工程bにおいて、無電解銅めっき液の補充液A及び補充液Bの滴下量を250mLに変更し、第6の層を5μmにした。続いて、実施例1の工程dを行った。第6の層(銅)及び第2の層(パラジウム)を形成した粒子を、60℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、実施例29で用いた無電解銀めっき液と同組成の液を用い、無電解銀めっき液100mLを10mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚の銀めっき被膜(銀の純度100%)からなる第4の層を形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 23
After performing step a of Example 1, in step b of Example 1, the dropping amounts of the replenisher A and the replenisher B for the electroless copper plating solution were changed to 250 mL, and the sixth layer was made 5 μm. Subsequently, step d of Example 1 was performed. The particles forming the sixth layer (copper) and the second layer (palladium) were diluted with 200 mL of water heated at 60 ° C., and a solution having the same composition as the electroless silver plating solution used in Example 29 was used. Then, 100 mL of the electroless silver plating solution was dropped at a dropping rate of 10 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a fourth layer composed of a silver plating film (purity of silver 100%) with a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例24>
実施例1の工程a及び工程bを行った後、実施例1の工程eを行った。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 24
After performing step a and step b of Example 1, step e of Example 1 was performed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例25>
実施例1の工程aを行った後、実施例1の工程bにおいて、無電解銅めっき液の補充液A及び補充液Bの滴下量を250mLに変更し、第6の層を5μmにした。続いて、実施例1の工程eを行った。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 25
After performing step a of Example 1, in step b of Example 1, the dropping amounts of the replenisher A and the replenisher B for the electroless copper plating solution were changed to 250 mL, and the sixth layer was made 5 μm. Subsequently, step e of Example 1 was performed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例26>
実施例1の工程a及び工程bを行った。第6の層(銅)を形成した粒子53.0gを、60℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、実施例29で用いた無電解銀めっき液と同組成の液を用い、無電解銀めっき液100mLを10mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚の銀めっき被膜(銀の純度100%)からなる第4の層を形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 26
Steps a and b of Example 1 were performed. 53.0 g of particles forming the sixth layer (copper) was diluted with 200 mL of water heated at 60 ° C., and using a solution having the same composition as the electroless silver plating solution used in Example 29, 100 mL of the plating solution was dropped at a dropping rate of 10 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a fourth layer composed of a silver plating film (purity of silver 100%) with a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例27>
実施例1の工程aを行った後、実施例1の工程bにおいて、無電解銅めっき液の補充液A及び補充液Bの滴下量を250mLに変更し、第6の層を5μmにした。第6の層(銅)を形成した粒子を、60℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、実施例29で用いた無電解銀めっき液と同組成の液を用い、無電解銀めっき液100mLを10mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚の銀めっき被膜(銀の純度100%)からなる第4の層を形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 27
After performing step a of Example 1, in step b of Example 1, the dropping amounts of the replenisher A and the replenisher B for the electroless copper plating solution were changed to 250 mL, and the sixth layer was made 5 μm. The particles forming the sixth layer (copper) were diluted with 200 mL of water heated at 60 ° C., and a solution of the same composition as the electroless silver plating solution used in Example 29 was used to prepare 100 mL of an electroless silver plating solution Was added dropwise at a dropping rate of 10 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a fourth layer composed of a silver plating film (purity of silver 100%) with a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例28>
実施例1の工程a及び工程bを行った。第6の層(銅)を形成した粒子53.0gを、60℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、実施例30と同様の組成の無電解スズめっき液50mLを10mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚のスズめっき被膜(スズの純度100%)からなる第5の層を形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 28
Steps a and b of Example 1 were performed. 53.0 g of particles forming the sixth layer (copper) was diluted with 200 mL of water heated at 60 ° C., and 50 mL of the electroless tin plating solution having the same composition as in Example 30 at a dropping rate of 10 mL / min. It dripped. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a fifth layer composed of a tin plating film (100% purity of tin) with a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

<比較例29>
実施例1の工程aを行った後、実施例1の工程bにおいて、無電解銅めっき液の補充液A及び補充液Bの滴下量を250mLに変更し、第6の層を5μmにした。第6の層(銅)を形成した粒子を、60℃で加温した水200mLで希釈し、実施例30と同様の組成の無電解スズめっき液50mLを10mL/分の滴下速度で滴下した。滴下終了後、10分間経過した後に、めっき液を加えた分散液を濾過した。濾過物を水で洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で乾燥した。このようにして、0.1μmの膜厚のスズめっき被膜(スズの純度100%)からなる第5の層を形成した。これ以降、実施例1の工程h以降と同様にして各工程を行った。実施例1と同様にして、各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価、はんだ接続信頼性、第6の層(銅)及び第1の層(ニッケル)被膜の有無、金属間化合物の厚みの評価、金属間化合物におけるPdの濃度、めっき後の粒子の粒径の変動係数、及びめっき後の粒子の単分散率の評価を行った。各被膜の膜厚及び成分の評価結果を表5に、それ以外の結果を表6に示す。
Comparative Example 29
After performing step a of Example 1, in step b of Example 1, the dropping amounts of the replenisher A and the replenisher B for the electroless copper plating solution were changed to 250 mL, and the sixth layer was made 5 μm. The particles forming the sixth layer (copper) were diluted with 200 mL of water heated at 60 ° C., and 50 mL of an electroless tin plating solution having the same composition as in Example 30 was dropped at a dropping rate of 10 mL / min. After 10 minutes had passed after completion of the dropwise addition, the dispersion to which the plating solution had been added was filtered. The filtrate was washed with water and then dried in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C. Thus, a fifth layer composed of a tin plating film (100% purity of tin) with a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. After this, each step was performed in the same manner as step h and subsequent steps in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, evaluation of film thickness and component of each film, solder connection reliability, evaluation of presence or absence of sixth layer (copper) and first layer (nickel) film, thickness of intermetallic compound, The concentration of Pd in the intermetallic compound, the variation coefficient of the particle size of the particles after plating, and the monodispersion ratio of the particles after plating were evaluated. The evaluation results of the film thickness and the components of each film are shown in Table 5, and the other results are shown in Table 6.

比較例7、8、9、10は、球状非導電性粒子に、銅、ニッケル、スズを主成分とする被膜の順に形成し、導電粒子を得た。比較例7、8、9、10の導電粒子は、銅を主成分とする芯ボールを用いていないが、被膜の構成上、特許文献1に対応する。
比較例12、13、14、15は、球状非導電性粒子に、銅、ニッケル、銅、スズを主成分とする被膜の順に形成し、導電粒子を得た。比較例12、13、14、15の導電粒子は、特許文献2に対応する。
In Comparative Examples 7, 8, 9, 10, conductive non-conductive particles were formed in the order of a film containing copper, nickel and tin as main components to obtain conductive particles. The conductive particles of Comparative Examples 7, 8, 9 and 10 do not use a core ball containing copper as a main component, but correspond to Patent Document 1 in terms of the film configuration.
In Comparative Examples 12, 13, 14, and 15, conductive particles were obtained by forming spherical nonconductive particles in the order of a film containing copper, nickel, copper, and tin as main components. The conductive particles of Comparative Examples 12, 13, 14 and 15 correspond to Patent Document 2.

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Figure 0006500583
Figure 0006500583

100a…導電粒子、100b…導電粒子、100c…導電粒子、1…球状非導電性粒子、2…第6の層、3…第1の層、4…第2の層、5…層、10…基材、11…はんだレジスト、12…電極、13…スズを含む金属層(はんだ)、14…ニッケルを含む金属層、15…パラジウムを含む金属層、16…金を含む金属層、20…フラックス、200…はんだ、201〜215…金属間化合物、301…基材、302…はんだレジスト、303…銅からなる電極、304…スズを含む金属層(はんだ)、305…ニッケルを含む金属層、306…パラジウムを含む金属層、307…金を含む金属層、400…クラック、500…半導体パッケージ、600…半導体チップ搭載用基板、601…基材、602−a、602−b…電極、603…はんだレジスト、604…層間接続用IVH、800…半導体チップ、801…電極、802…はんだレジスト、900…半導体パッケージ、901…半導体チップ搭載用基板、902…半導体チップ、903…はんだレジスト、904…はんだレジスト、905…接続部。
100a: conductive particles, 100b: conductive particles, 100c: conductive particles, 1: spherical non-conductive particles, 2: sixth layer, 3 first layer, 4 second layer, 5 layers, 10 Base material 11 solder resist 12 electrode 13 metal layer containing tin (solder) 14 nickel metal layer 15 palladium containing metal layer 16 gold containing metal layer 20 flux , 200: solder, 201 to 215: intermetallic compound, 301: base material, 302: solder resist, 303: copper electrode, 304: metal layer containing tin (solder), 305: metal layer containing nickel, 306 ... metal layer containing palladium, 307 ... metal layer containing gold, 400 ... crack, 500 ... semiconductor package, 600 ... substrate for mounting semiconductor chip, 601 ... base material, 602-a, 602-b ... electrode 603 Solder resist, 604: IVH for interlayer connection, 800: semiconductor chip, 801: electrode, 802: solder resist, 900: semiconductor package, 901: substrate for mounting semiconductor chip, 902: semiconductor chip, 903: solder resist, 904: solder Resist, 905 ... connection portion.

Claims (16)

平均粒径が10μm〜60μmの球状非導電性粒子と、
該球状非導電性粒子の外側に設けられた、厚さ0.3μm以上のニッケル又はニッケル合金を含有する第1の層と、
該第1の層の外側に設けられた、パラジウム又はパラジウム合金を含有する第2の層と、を備え、
前記第2の層の厚みが、0.01μm〜0.5μmである、はんだ接続用導電粒子。
Spherical nonconductive particles having an average particle size of 10 μm to 60 μm,
A first layer containing nickel or a nickel alloy having a thickness of 0.3 μm or more, provided on the outside of the spherical nonconductive particles;
E Bei provided outside the first layer, a second layer containing palladium or palladium alloy, a,
A conductive particle for solder connection , wherein the thickness of the second layer is 0.01 μm to 0.5 μm.
前記第2の層の外側に設けられた、金を含有する第3の層、銀を含有する第4の層、又はスズ若しくはスズ合金を含有する第5の層をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のはんだ接続用導電粒子。   The method according to claim 1, further comprising: a third layer containing gold, a fourth layer containing silver, or a fifth layer containing tin or a tin alloy, provided on the outside of the second layer. The conductive particle for solder connection as described. 前記第3の層が、置換金めっき被膜、又は置換金めっき被膜上に還元型の無電解金めっき被膜を形成した被膜である、請求項2に記載のはんだ接続用導電粒子。   The conductive particle for solder connection according to claim 2, wherein the third layer is a substituted gold plating film or a film in which a reduction type electroless gold plating film is formed on a substituted gold plating film. 前記第5の層が、スパッタ又は電気めっきにより形成され、かつ銅及び/又は銀を含む、請求項2に記載のはんだ接続用導電粒子。   The solder connection conductive particle according to claim 2, wherein the fifth layer is formed by sputtering or electroplating and contains copper and / or silver. 前記球状非導電性粒子と前記第1の層との間に、厚さ0.1μm以上の銅又は銅合金を含有する第6の層をさらに備える、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のはんだ接続用導電粒子。   The film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a sixth layer containing copper or a copper alloy having a thickness of 0.1 μm or more between the spherical nonconductive particles and the first layer. The conductive particle for solder connection as described. 前記第6の層が、無電解銅めっき被膜である、請求項5に記載のはんだ接続用導電粒子。   The conductive particle for solder connection according to claim 5, wherein the sixth layer is an electroless copper plating film. 前記第1の層におけるニッケルの含有量が、85〜98質量%である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のはんだ接続用導電粒子。   The conductive particle for solder connection according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a content of nickel in the first layer is 85 to 98% by mass. 前記第1の層が、無電解ニッケル−リンめっき被膜である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のはんだ接続用導電粒子。   The conductive particle for solder connection according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first layer is an electroless nickel-phosphorus plating film. 前記第2の層におけるパラジウムの含有量が、90質量%以上である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のはんだ接続用導電粒子。   The conductive particle for solder connection according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a content of palladium in the second layer is 90% by mass or more. 前記第2の層が、前記第1の層の外側に設けられた第1のパラジウムめっき被膜と、前記第1のパラジウムめっき被膜の外側に設けられた第2のパラジウムめっき被膜とを有し、
前記第1のパラジウムめっき被膜が、純度が99質量%以上の置換又は還元型の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜であり、
前記第2のパラジウムめっき被膜が、純度が90質量%以上99質量%未満の無電解パラジウムめっき被膜である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のはんだ接続用導電粒子。
The second layer has a first palladium plating film provided on the outside of the first layer, and a second palladium plating film provided on the outside of the first palladium plating film,
The first palladium plating film is a substituted or reduced electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 99% by mass or more,
The conductive particle for solder connection according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the second palladium plating film is an electroless palladium plating film having a purity of 90% by mass or more and less than 99% by mass.
前記球状非導電性粒子が、樹脂又はシリカである、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のはんだ接続用導電粒子。 The conductive particle for solder connection according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein the spherical nonconductive particle is a resin or silica. 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のはんだ接続用導電粒子と、半導体チップ搭載用基板とがはんだにより接続された、接続構造体。 The connection structure in which the electrically-conductive particle for solder connection as described in any one of Claims 1-11 and the board | substrate for semiconductor chip mounting were connected by solder. 前記はんだ接続用導電粒子の表面の50%以上がはんだにより被覆されている、請求項12に記載の接続構造体。 The connection structure according to claim 12 , wherein 50% or more of the surface of the conductive particle for solder connection is covered with a solder. 前記はんだが、電解めっきあるいははんだペーストにより形成されたものである、請求項12又は13に記載の接続構造体。 The connection structure according to claim 12 , wherein the solder is formed by electrolytic plating or a solder paste. 半導体チップの端子にはんだが形成されており、
半導体チップの端子に形成されたはんだにより、前記半導体チップと請求項12〜14のいずれか一項に記載の接続構造体とが接続された、半導体パッケージ。
Solder is formed on the terminals of the semiconductor chip,
The semiconductor package to which the said semiconductor chip and the connection structure as described in any one of Claims 12-14 were connected by the solder formed in the terminal of the semiconductor chip.
前記半導体チップの端子に形成されたはんだが、電解めっきあるいははんだペーストにより形成されたものである、請求項15に記載の半導体パッケージ。 The semiconductor package according to claim 15 , wherein the solder formed on the terminal of the semiconductor chip is formed by electrolytic plating or a solder paste.
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