JP6383446B2 - コンクリート組成物及びその調製方法 - Google Patents
コンクリート組成物及びその調製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6383446B2 JP6383446B2 JP2017031267A JP2017031267A JP6383446B2 JP 6383446 B2 JP6383446 B2 JP 6383446B2 JP 2017031267 A JP2017031267 A JP 2017031267A JP 2017031267 A JP2017031267 A JP 2017031267A JP 6383446 B2 JP6383446 B2 JP 6383446B2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monothioglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)CS PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GSGDTSDELPUTKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 GSGDTSDELPUTKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920003124 powdered cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019814 powdered cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019337 sorbitan trioleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000391 sorbitan trioleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035024 thioglycerol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/38—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
- C04B24/383—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/38—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
- C04B24/383—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
- C04B24/386—Cellulose or derivatives thereof containing polyether side chains
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/021—Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements ; Cements based on incineration residues, e.g. alkali-activated slags from waste incineration ; Kiln dust cements
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
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- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
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- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
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- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
- C04B40/0042—Powdery mixtures
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- C04B7/02—Portland cement
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- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
- C04B2103/302—Water reducers
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/50—Defoamers, air detrainers
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00068—Mortar or concrete mixtures with an unusual water/cement ratio
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- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
- C04B2111/00172—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite by the wet process
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Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Description
I:イオン強度
mi:質量モル濃度(mol・kg−1)
zi:電荷
・ポリカルボン酸系減水剤(a−4)の合成
水1400g、メトキシポリ(45モル)エチレングリコールモノメタクリレート1100g、メタクリル酸104g、連鎖移動剤としてチオグリセロール24g及び30%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液50gを反応容器に仕込み、反応容器内の雰囲気を窒素置換した後、撹拌しながら徐々に加温した。反応系の温度を温水浴にて60℃に保ち、過酸化水素の0.025%水溶液240gを投入してラジカル重合反応を開始した。2時間経過後、更に過酸化水素の0.025%水溶液60gを投入し、ラジカル重合反応を6時間継続して行なった。得られた共重合体に水3182g及び30%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液121gを加え、A成分(a−4)の20%水溶液を得た。このA成分(a−4)を分析したところ、質量平均分子量41400(GPC法、プルラン換算)であった。
A成分(a−4)と同様にして、表2に記載のA成分(a−6)、(a−8)及び(a−9)を合成し、(a−6)、(a−8)及び(a−9)の水溶液を得た。
α−アリル−ω−メトキシ−ポリ(100モル)エチレングリコールポリ(3モル)プロピレングリコール及び無水マレイン酸を反応容器に仕込み、反応容器内の雰囲気を窒素置換した後、徐々に加温して撹拌しながら均一に溶解した。反応系の温度を温水浴にて80℃に保ち、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルを投入してラジカル重合反応を開始した。2時間経過後、更にアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを投入し、ラジカル重合反応を2時間継続して行なった。得られた共重合体に水及び30%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えて、A成分(a−7)の水溶液を得た。このA成分(a−7)を分析したところ、質量平均分子量69200(GPC法、プルラン換算)であった。
水、3−メチル−3−ブテン−1オール・ポリ(80モル)エチレングリコール付加物を反応容器に仕込み、反応容器内の雰囲気を窒素置換した後、撹拌しながら徐々に加温した。反応系の温度を温水浴にて70℃に保ち、温度を安定させた。その後、アクリル酸を3時間かけて滴下した。同時に、チオグリコール酸、L−アスコルビン酸を水に溶解させた水溶液及び5%過酸化水素水をそれぞれ3時間かけて滴下し、ラジカル重合反応を開始した。滴下終了から1時間経過後、得られた共重合体に水及び30%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加え、A成分(a−10)の水溶液を得た。このA成分(a−10)を分析したところ、質量平均分子量71300(GPC法、プルラン換算)であった。
A成分(a−4)と同様にして、表2に記載のA成分(ar−1)及び(ar−2)の水溶液を得た。
a−1〜a−3及びa−5の水溶液:a−6の水溶液を水で希釈した。
ar−3の水溶液:ar−2の水溶液を水で希釈した。
質量平均分子量:GPC法、プルラン換算
使用したB成分:水溶性セルロースエーテルの内容を表2にまとめて示した。
使用したC成分:ガム類の内容を表3にまとめて示した。
使用したD成分:消泡剤はSNデフォーマー14−HP(オキシアルキレン系消泡剤、サンノプコ社製の商品名)、略号:d−1を使用した。
粘度(mPa・s):20℃における2質量%水溶液の粘度
c−1:KELZAN(三晶社製の商品名)
c−2:CP KelcoK1A−96(CP Kelco社製の商品名)
c−3:KELCO−CRETE DG−F(CP Kelco社製の商品名)
c−4:KELCOGEL AFT(CP Kelco社製の商品名)
(C成分を粉末で用いる場合)
・一液型混和剤(e−1)の調製
表1〜表3に記載のA成分、B成分及びC成分、前記のD成分及び水を表4に示す割合で配合して、ホモミキサー(HM−310、AS ONE社製)を用いて5000rpmで1分間混合し、一液型混和剤(e−1)を調製した。
一液型混和剤(e−1)と同様にして、一液型混和剤(e−2)〜(e−7)、(e−9)及び(e−11)を調製した。
一液型混和剤(e−1)と同様にして、一液型混和剤(er−1)〜(er−3)、(er−5)及び(er−6)を調製した。
・一液型混和剤(e−8)の調製
水とC成分を配合して、ホモミキサー(HM−310、AS ONE社製)を用いて5000rpmで1分間混合し、C成分の2%水溶液を調製した。その後、一液型混和剤(e−1)と同様にして、一液型混和剤(e−8)を調製した。
一液型混和剤(e−8)と同様にして、一液型混和剤(e−10)及び(e−12)を調製した。
一液型混和剤(e−4)と同様にして、一液型混和剤(er−4)及び(er−7)を調製した。
試験区分3で調製した各一液型混和剤におけるA成分(a−4)に由来するイオン強度を、前記した数1により計算したところ、0.206であった。計算過程等を表4に示した。
*1:アルキルアリルスルホン酸塩高縮合物(竹本油脂社製のコンクリート用高性能減水剤、商品名ポールファイン510AN)
*2:含窒素型スルホン酸塩(竹本油脂社製のコンクリート用高性能減水剤、商品名ポールファインMF)
試験区分3で調製した一液型混和剤を活栓付のメスシリンダーに100ml採取した後、20℃及び40℃の環境下で静置し、水溶性セルロースエーテルの沈降体積を測定した。沈降体積の評価は、塩析がなく、均一に分散した状態を100%とし、時間経過とともに徐々にメスシリンダー上部に透明部分が現れ始め、透明部分と分散した部分の境界線のメスシリンダーの目盛を読み取ることにより行なった。例えば、7日後の透明部分と分散した部分の境界線のメスシリンダーの目盛が90mlの場合、沈降体積は90%となる。測定結果を表6にまとめて示した。
表6の測定結果に基づいて、各例の一液型混和剤を次のように評価し、結果を表7にまとめて示した。
次の基準で評価した。
◎:28日静置後の沈降体積(%)が95〜100%
○:28日静置後の沈降体積(%)が80以上〜95%未満
×:28日静置後の沈降体積(%)が80%未満
・実施例1〜19及び比較例1〜8
容量60リットルの強制二軸ミキサーを用い、表8及び表9に記載の内容で、90秒間練混ぜを行い、表9に記載した各例のコンクリート組成物を調製した。尚、一液型混和剤は、試験の28日前に使用量の10倍量調製して20℃で静置し、別に記載しない限り、上部70%以上の上澄みを使用した。また、各例のコンクリート組成物について、AE剤(竹本油脂社製の商品名AE−300)及び消泡剤(竹本油脂社製の商品名AFK−2)を用い、目標空気量を4.5±1.0%とし、また目標スランプフロー値を60±5cmとした。
細骨材:大井川水系産陸砂(表乾密度2.57g/cm3)
粗骨材:岡崎産砕石(表乾密度2.66g/cm3)
調製した各例のコンクリート組成物について、練混ぜ直後のスランプフロー値、空気量、ブリーディング率を下記のように測定し、結果を表9にまとめて示した。
・空気量(容積%):練混ぜ直後のコンクリート組成物について、JIS−A1128に準拠して測定した。
・ブリーディング率(%):練混ぜ直後にコンクリート組成物を採取し、JIS−A1123に準拠して測定した。
配合No.:表8に記載の配合No.
f−1:普通ポルトランドセメント
f−2:高炉セメントB種
混和剤:表5に記載の混和剤
*3:一液型混和剤(er−1)について、保管容器下から抜き出して使用した。
添加量:結合材100質量部に対する一液型混和剤の割合(質量部)
比較例4:一液型混和剤を5.0%添加しても目標の流動性を得ることができなかった。
表9の測定結果に基づいて、一液型混和剤の分散性能を、次のように評価し、結果を表10にまとめて示した。
練混ぜ直後のコンクリート組成物について、目標スランプスランプフロー値を得るための一液型混和剤の添加割合により次の基準で評価した。
◎:結合材100質量部に対して一液型混和剤の添加割合が2.00質量部未満
○:結合材100質量部に対して一液型混和剤の添加割合が2.00質量部〜3.00質量部
×:結合材100質量部に対して一液型混和剤の添加割合が3.00質量部超
表9の測定結果に基づいて、各例のコンクリート組成物の材料分離抵抗性を、ブリーディング率及び材料の一体感を指標として次のように評価し、結果を表10にまとめて示した。
(水結合材比40%)
○:ブリーディング率が4.0%以下
×:ブリーディング率が4.0%超
(水結合材比50%)
○:ブリーディング率が6.0%以下
×:ブリーディング率が6.0%超
(水結合材比60%)
○:ブリーディング率が8.0%以下
×:ブリーディング率が8.0%超
コンクリート組成物について、目視により、材料の一体感を次の基準で評価した。
◎:非常に良好(骨材とモルタル・ペーストの分離なし)
○:良好(わずかに骨材とモルタル・ペーストが分離)
×:悪い(明らかに骨材とモルタル・ペーストが分離)
Claims (6)
- 結合材、水、細骨材、粗骨材及び混和剤からなるコンクリート組成物であって、水/結合材比が30〜70質量%であり、またスランプフロー値が35〜75cmであって、且つ下記の一液型混和剤を結合材100質量部に対し0.5〜3.0質量部の割合で含有することを特徴とするコンクリート組成物。
一液型混和剤:下記のA成分、下記のB成分、下記のC成分及び下記のD成分を含有し、且つ下記のA成分に由来するイオン強度が0.02〜0.8である一液型混和剤。
A成分:不飽和モノカルボン酸単量体及び/又は不飽和ジカルボン酸単量体及び/又はこれらの塩と、これらと共重合可能な不飽和単量体であって分子中に1〜300個の炭素数2〜4のオキシアルキレン単位で構成されたポリオキシアルキレン基を有する不飽和単量体との共重合体及び/又はその塩から成るポリカルボン酸系減水剤。
B成分:水溶性セルロースエーテル。
C成分:ガム類。
D成分:消泡剤。 - 一液型混和剤が、A成分を15〜50質量%の割合で含有するものである請求項1記載のコンクリート組成物。
- 一液型混和剤が、A成分に由来するイオン強度が0.05〜0.5未満である場合のものである請求項1又は2記載のコンクリート組成物。
- B成分が、アルキルセルロース、ヒドロキシアルキルセルロース及びヒドロキシアルキルアルキルセルロースから選ばれる少なくとも一つである請求項1〜3のいずれか一つの項記載のコンクリート組成物。
- C成分が、ダイユータンガム、ウェランガム、キサンタンガム及びジェランガムから選ばれる少なくとも一つである請求項1〜4のいずれか一つの項記載のコンクリート組成物。
- 結合材、水、細骨材、粗骨材及び一液型混和剤を用い、請求項1〜5のいずれか一つの項記載のコンクリート組成物を調製する方法であって、一液型混和剤として、A成分に由来するイオン強度が0.02〜0.5未満のときはC成分として粉末状のガム類及び/又はその水溶液を加えて調製した一液型混和剤を用い、またA成分に由来するイオン強度が0.5〜0.8のときはC成分としてガム類の水溶液を加えて調製した一液型混和剤を用いることを特徴とするコンクリート組成物の調製方法。
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