JP6305495B1 - インバータ制御装置及びインバータ制御方法 - Google Patents
インバータ制御装置及びインバータ制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
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- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/085—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
- H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
- H02P29/0241—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an overvoltage
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- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/421—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/526—Operating parameters
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
- H02M1/385—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches with means for correcting output voltage deviations introduced by the dead time
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係るインバータ制御装置を含むモータ制御システムの概略構成図であり、図2は、三相導通状態における電気角と相電流との関係を示す図である。図3は、三相導通状態において、1相のスイッチング素子が遮断された場合の相電流の変化の例を示す図であり、図4は、2相のスイッチング素子が遮断された場合の相電流の変化の例を示す図である。図5は、直流母線電圧の跳ね上がりを抑制するインバータの制御方法を示すフローチャートである。図6は、部分相遮断条件と遮断相との関係を示す図である。また、図7は、三相導通状態から部分相遮断を経て全相遮断された場合の相電流及び直流母線電圧の変動を示す図である。
直流母線105の電圧の跳ね上がりを抑制するインバータの制御方法は、三相導通状態
で流れている相電流を永久磁石同期モータ100に還流させることにより、平滑コンデンサ104に電流が流れることを抑止するものである。直流母線105の電圧の跳ね上がりの抑制するインバータ101の制御の実行時は、前提として、永久磁石同期モータ100による誘起電圧よりも直流母線105の電圧の方が高いため、相電流値が “0” (ゼロ)である定常状態においては、全相のスイッチング素子102s,103sを遮断しても平滑コンデンサ104には電流は流れない。しかし、定常状態に至る前においては、遮断時の全相のスイッチング素子102s,103sの相電流の位相によっては、相電流が流れることにより電圧降下が生じ、インバータ101の端子電圧は、直流母線105の電圧よりも大きくなり、平滑コンデンサ104には電流が流れる。
図3(a)は、図中に示すタイミングで、U相のスイッチング素子103sが遮断された場合の各相の相電流の波形である。この図に示すように、遮断後にU相の相電流値が“0”となった後は、他のV相、W相に電流が還流するため、このV相とW相の相電流値の絶対値は等しく、符号が逆となる。そして、一定時間経過後に、このV相とW相の相電流値がほぼ“0”となり、三相全ての相電流値が、ほぼ“0”となる時間が現れる。図3(b)に示すように、この時間に、このV相及びW相のスイッチング素子103sを遮断し、全相遮断に移行することにより、平滑コンデンサ104に電流が流れることなく、全相遮断に移行することができる。
図4(a)は、図中に示すタイミングで、U相とV相の2相のスイッチング素子103sが同時に遮断された場合の各相の相電流の波形である。図4(a)と同様に、遮断後にU相の相電流値が“0”となった後は、他のV相、W相に電流が還流するため、このV相とW相の相電流値の絶対値は等しく、符号が逆となる。そして、一定時間経過後に、このV相とW相の相電流値がほぼ“0”となり、三相全ての相電流値が、ほぼ“0”となる時間が現れる。図4(b)に示すように、この時間に、W相のスイッチング素子103sを遮断し、全相遮断に移行することにより、平滑コンデンサ104に電流が流れることなく、全相遮断に移行することができる。
このフローチャートは、インバータ制御部114により実行される三相導通状態から部分相遮断を経て全相遮断に移行する際の直流母線105の電圧の跳ね上がりを抑制するインバータの制御方法の一例を示すものである。
図9は、実施の形態2に係るインバータ制御装置を含むモータ制御システムの概略構成図である。実施の形態2に係るインバータ制御装置と実施の形態1に係るインバータ制御装置との相違点は、図1に示すように実施の形態1のインバータ制御装置110では、永久磁石同期モータ100の三相それぞれの相電流を検出する相電流検出手段として電流センサ107が設けられているのに対して、図9に示すように実施の形態2のモータ制御システム2のインバータ制御装置120では、相電流検出手段として電流センサ107の替
わりに永久磁石同期モータ100のロータの回転角度を検出する回転角センサ108が設けられ、相電流値取得部121は、回転角センサ108の出力信号に基づき電気角から相電流値を取得している点である。相電流値正負判定部112に相当する相電流値正負判定部122、相電流値ゼロ判定部113に相当する相電流値ゼロ判定部123を含む、モータ制御システム2の他の構成要素は、実施の形態1の図1と同様であるので説明を省略する。
このフローチャートは、インバータ制御部124により実行される三相導通状態から部分相遮断を経て全相遮断に移行する際の直流母線105の電圧の跳ね上がりを抑制するインバータの制御方法の一例を示すものである。図2は、三相導通状態における電気角と相電流値との関係を示す図である。
かであるかの判定の一例として、具体的には、三相の相電流値の絶対値の和が所定値以下であるか否かを判定することが考えられる。すなわち、ここでは、三相の相電流値の絶対値の和が所定値以下となる相電流の電気角θが、所定の範囲内であるか否かを判定すればよい。ここで、三相の相電流値が、“0”近傍となる電気角θとしては、全相遮断しても、直流母線で生じる電圧の跳ね上がりがスイッチング素子103sに損傷を与えない値に設定しておけばよい。すなわち、実施の形態2では、電気角θが図12に示す全相遮断条件を満たしていればよい。
Claims (5)
- 多相モータに設けられるとともに、相電流を検出する相電流検出手段と、
前記相電流検出手段から相電流値を取得する相電流値取得手段と、
前記相電流値の各相の正負を判定する相電流値正負判定手段と、
前記相電流値の全相の絶対値の和が所定値以下であるか否かを判定する相電流値ゼロ判定手段と、
前記多相モータを駆動するインバータのスイッチング素子を制御するインバータ制御手段と、を備え、
前記インバータ制御手段は、
前記インバータの正極側の前記スイッチング素子と負極側の前記スイッチング素子のいずれか一方が導通されている場合において、
前記相電流値の正負に基づいて、遮断する相の前記スイッチング素子を決定するとともに、当該スイッチング素子を遮断し、さらに、全相の前記スイッチング素子の前記相電流値の絶対値の和が所定値以下となった場合に残りの相の前記スイッチング素子を遮断することを特徴とするインバータ制御装置。 - 前記相電流検出手段は、前記多相モータの相電流を検出する電流センサであり、前記相電流値取得手段は、前記電流センサから前記相電流値を取得するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のインバータ制御装置。
- 前記相電流検出手段は、前記多相モータのロータの回転角を検出する回転角センサであり、前記相電流値取得手段は、前記回転角から電気角を算出し、前記電気角に基づいて前記相電流値を取得するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のインバータ制御装置。
- 正極側の前記スイッチング素子が導通されている場合には、前記相電流値が負の1相あるいは2相の前記スイッチング素子を遮断し、負極側の前記スイッチング素子が導通されている場合には、前記相電流値が正の1相あるいは2相の前記スイッチング素子を遮断することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のインバータ制御装置。
- 多相モータを駆動するインバータの正極側のスイッチング素子と負極側のスイッチング素子のいずれか一方が導通されている場合において、前記多相モータの相電流値を取得し、取得された前記相電流値の正負に基づいて、遮断する相の前記スイッチング素子を決定するとともに、当該スイッチング素子を遮断し、さらに、全相の前記スイッチング素子の前記相電流値の絶対値の和が所定値以下となった場合に残りの相の前記スイッチング素子を遮断することを特徴とするインバータ制御方法。
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