JP6274724B2 - 多開口超音波撮像を用いた点音源送信及び音速補正 - Google Patents
多開口超音波撮像を用いた点音源送信及び音速補正 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2010年2月18日に出願された「医療用多開口超音波撮像のための代替方法(Alternative Method for Medical Multi-Aperture Ultrasound Imaging)」と題する米国特許仮出願第61/305,784号の利益を主張する。
本明細書で述べられた特許及び特許出願を含むすべての刊行物は、個々の各刊行物が、引用により組み込まれているように具体的に且つ個々に指示された場合と同様に、その全体が引用により本明細書に組み込まれている。
従来の超音波撮像では、超音波エネルギーの集束させたビームが、検査すべき体組織中に送られ、戻ったエコーが検出されて、画像を形成するようにプロットされる。従来の超音波撮像の基本原理は、Harvey Feigenbaumの文献「心エコー検査法(Echocardiography)」(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins、5版、Philadelphia、1993)の第1章に十分述べられている。
方法の一実施態様は、超音波画像を構成する方法を述べており、該方法は、ターゲット領域を通して、第1のアレイ上の送信開口内の第1の点音源を近似する無指向性の非集束超音波波形を送信する工程と、第2のアレイ上の第1の受信開口に配置された第1の受信素子及び第2の受信素子を用いてターゲット領域から超音波エコーを受信する工程であり、第1のアレイが、第2のアレイから物理的に離間されている、工程と、波形が、第1の点音源から、ターゲット領域中の第1の画素位置に進み、第1の受信素子へと伝播するための第1の時間を決定し、且つ波形が、第1の点音源から、ターゲット領域中の第1の画素位置に進み、第2の受信素子へと伝播するための第2の時間を決定する工程と、第1の時間に第1の受信素子により受信されたエコーを、第2の時間に第2の受信素子により受信されたエコーと組み合わせることにより、第1の画素の第1の超音波画像を形成する工程とを含む。
送信及び受信機能に対して複数の別々の開口を用いることにより、超音波撮像における横方向分解能の大幅な改善を達成することができる。本明細書のシステム及び方法は、点音源からの送信機能と、送信開口及び1つ以上の受信開口の間の経路に沿って、おそらく多様な組織タイプを通して進む超音波パルスの音速の変動の補償とを共に提供することができる。このような音速補償は、画像比較技法(例えば、相互相関)と、複数の受信した画像フレームのコヒーレント及び/又は非コヒーレント平均とを組み合わせることにより行うことができる。
いくつかの実施態様では、点音源送信を使用することにより、音響エネルギーを、可能な限り幅広く2次元スライスへと送信することができる。例えば、いくつかの実施態様では、図1A及び2のそれぞれにおける送信開口102又は202などの送信開口は、アレイ中で単一の実質的に無指向性のトランスデューサ素子から点音源パルスの形で音響エネルギーを送信することができる。代替の実施態様では、複数のトランスデューサ素子を、3次元空間でオブジェクトに照射するために、3次元で比較的広い点音源パルスを送信するように設けることができる。このような実施態様では、ビーム形成のすべては、受信器として動作するトランスデューサアレイに関連付けられたソフトウェア又はファームウェアにより達成され得る。フェーズドアレイパルスではなく、点音源パルスを用いて送信することによる多開口超音波撮像技法を使用することにはいくつかの利点がある。例えば、フェーズドアレイパルスを用いるとき、送信パルスを、特定の深さに集束させる必要があるはずであり、またすべての他の深さでは幾分焦点ずれになるため、送信時に正確に焦点を合わせることには問題がある。しかし、点音源送信を用いる場合、2次元スライス、又は3次元スライスボリュームの全体に、単一の点音源送信パルスを用いて超音波を照射することができる。
図1Aは、超音波送信素子T1、T2、・・・Tnを備える第1の開口102、及び超音波受信素子R1、R2、・・・Rmを備える第2の開口104を含む多開口超音波撮像システム100の一実施態様を示す。この多開口超音波撮像システム100は、検査されるオブジェクト又は体(人体など)の表面に配置されるように構成される。いくつかの実施態様では、両方の開口は、同じ走査面に対して感度を有することができる。他の実施態様では、一方の開口が、異なる走査面に存在することもできる。各開口の各トランスデューサ素子の機械的且つ音響的位置は、共通の基準点に対して、又は互いに対して正確に知られている必要がある。
for(i=0;i<mh;i++){
for(j=0;j<mv;j++){
距離aを計算する
距離bを計算する
a+bに相当する時間を計算する
echo[i][j]=echo[i][j]+計算された時間遅延で記憶された受信エコー
}
}
超音波照射のための単一の点音源パルスの結果として、受信器素子に到来する信号のすべてをコヒーレントに平均することにより、単一の画像を形成することができる。複数の点音源パルスから得られるこれらの画像を加えることは、コヒーレント加算により、非コヒーレント加算により、又はグループによるコヒーレント加算と、グループからの画像の非コヒーレント加算の組合せにより達成することができる。コヒーレント加算(加算前の位相情報が保持される)は、分解能を最大化するが、非コヒーレント加算(位相ではなく信号の大きさを用いる)は、位置合せエラーの影響を最小化し、且つスペックルノイズを平均化する。2つのモードの何らかの組合せが好ましいはずである。コヒーレント加算は、互いに近接しており、したがって、非常に類似した組織層を通して送信されるパルスを生成する送信素子から得られた点音源パルス画像を平均するために使用することができる。非コヒーレント加算については、位相の消失が問題になり得る場合に使用することができる。音速変動に起因する送信時間変動が極端な場合、加算する前に、2D画像相関を使用して画像の位置合せすることができる。
いくつかの実施態様では、3次元情報は、2次元撮像システムを移動し、いくつかの位置又は角度で2Dスライスを取得することにより得ることができる。この情報から、また補間技法を用いて、任意の位置又は角度の3D画像を再構成することができる。代替的には、3Dボリュームにおけるデータのすべての2D投影を生成することもできる。第3の代替法は、直接3Dディスプレイでその情報を使用することである。
Claims (15)
- 超音波画像を構成する方法であって、
ターゲット領域を通して、アレイ上の送信開口内の第1の点音源を近似する無指向性の非集束超音波波形を送信する工程と;
該アレイ上の第1の受信開口に配置された第1の受信素子及び第2の受信素子を用いて該ターゲット領域から超音波エコーを受信する工程と;
該波形が、該第1の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の第1の画素位置に進み、該第1の受信素子へと伝播するための第1の時間を決定し、且つ該波形が、該第1の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の該第1の画素位置に進み、該第2の受信素子へと伝播するための第2の時間を決定する工程と;
該第1の時間に該第1の受信素子により受信された該エコーを、該第2の時間に該第2の受信素子により受信された該エコーとコヒーレントに組み合わせることにより、該第1の画素の第1の超音波画像を形成する工程と;
該アレイ上の第2の受信開口に配置された第3の受信素子及び第4の受信素子を用いて該ターゲット領域から超音波エコーを受信する工程と;
該波形が、該第1の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の該第1の画素位置に進み、該第3の受信素子へと伝播するための第3の時間を決定し、且つ該波形が、該第1の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の該第1の画素位置に進み、該第4の受信素子へと伝播するための第4の時間を決定する工程と;
該第3の時間に該第3の受信素子により受信された該エコーを、該第4の時間に該第4の受信素子により受信された該エコーとコヒーレントに組み合わせることにより、該第1の画素の第2の超音波画像を形成する工程と;
該第1の超音波画像と該第2の超音波画像とを非コヒーレントに組み合わせる工程と:
を含む、前記方法。 - 前記ターゲット領域中のさらなる画素位置に対して、前記決定する工程と前記形成する工程と前記非コヒーレントに組み合わせる工程とを繰り返す工程をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1の時間及び前記第2の時間を決定する前記工程が、一様な音速であることを仮定する工程を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ターゲット領域を通して、前記送信開口内の第2の点音源を近似する第2の無指向性の非集束超音波波形を送信する工程と;
前記第1の受信開口に配置された前記第1の受信素子及び前記第2の受信素子を用いて、且つ前記第2の受信開口に配置された第3の受信素子及び第4の受信素子を用いて該ターゲット領域から超音波エコーを受信する工程と;
該第2の波形が、該第2の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の前記第1の画素位置に進み、該第1の受信素子へと伝播するための第5の時間を決定し、該第2の波形が、該第2の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の該第1の画素位置に進み、該第2の受信素子へと伝播するための第6の時間を決定し、該第2の波形が、該第2の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の該第1の画素位置に進み、該第3の受信素子へと伝播するための第7の時間を決定し、該第2の波形が、該第2の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の該第1の画素位置に進み、該第4の受信素子へと伝播するための第8の時間を決定する工程と;
該第5の時間に該第1の受信素子により受信された該エコーを、該第6の時間に該第2の受信素子により受信された該エコーとコヒーレントに組み合わせることにより、該第1の画素の第3の超音波画像を形成し、且つ該第7の時間に該第3の受信素子により受信された該エコーを、該第8の時間に該第4の受信素子により受信された該エコーとコヒーレントに組み合わせることにより、該第1の画素の第4の超音波画像を形成する工程と;
該第3の超音波画像と該第4の超音波画像とを非コヒーレントに組み合わせる工程と:
をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記第1の超音波画像に対して、前記第2、第3、及び第4の超音波画像の変位を決定するために、該第1の超音波画像を、該第2、第3、及び第4の超音波画像と比較する工程をさらに含む、請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記第1の超音波画像に対する前記第2、第3、及び第4の超音波画像の前記変位を補正し、次いで、該第1、第2、第3、及び第4の超音波画像を組み合わせる工程をさらに含む、請求項5記載の方法。
- 前記第1の超音波画像に対する前記第2、第3、及び第4の超音波画像の前記変位を補正するために、前記第3、第4、第5、第6、第7、及び第8の時間を調整する工程をさらに含む、請求項5記載の方法。
- 前記第1の超音波画像に対する前記第2の超音波画像の変位を決定するために、該第1の超音波画像を該第2の超音波画像と比較する工程をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1の超音波画像に対する前記第2の超音波画像の前記変位を補正し、次いで、該第1の超音波画像及び該第2の超音波画像を組み合わせる工程をさらに含む、請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記第1の超音波画像に対する前記第2の超音波画像の前記変位を補正するために、前記第3の時間及び第4の時間を調整する工程をさらに含む、請求項8記載の方法。
- ターゲット領域を通して、第1の点音源を近似する無指向性の非集束超音波波形を送信するように構成されたアレイ上の送信開口と;
第1の受信素子及び第2の受信素子を有する該アレイ上の第1の受信開口であり、該第1の受信素子及び該第2の受信素子が、該ターゲット領域から超音波エコーを受信するように構成される、該第1の受信開口と;
第3の受信素子及び第4の受信素子を有する該アレイ上の第2の受信開口であり、該第3の受信素子及び該第4の受信素子が、該ターゲット領域から超音波エコーを受信するように構成される、該第2の受信開口と;
該送信開口、該第1の受信開口、及び該第2の受信開口に結合される制御システムであり、該波形が、該第1の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の第1の画素位置に進み、該第1の受信素子へと伝播するための第1の時間を決定するように構成され、且つ該波形が、該第1の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の該第1の画素位置に進み、該第2の受信素子へと伝播するための第2の時間を決定するように構成され、且つ該波形が、該第1の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の該第1の画素位置に進み、該第3の受信素子へと伝播するための第3の時間を決定するように構成され、且つ該波形が、該第1の点音源から、該ターゲット領域中の該第1の画素位置に進み、該第4の受信素子へと伝播するための第4の時間を決定するように構成され、さらに該第1の時間に該第1の受信素子により受信された該エコーを、該第2の時間に該第2の受信素子により受信された該エコーとコヒーレントに組み合わせることにより、該第1の画素の第1の超音波画像を形成するように構成され、さらに該第3の時間に該第3の受信素子により受信された該エコーを、該第4の時間に該第4の受信素子により受信された該エコーとコヒーレントに組み合わせることにより、該第1の画素の第2の超音波画像を形成するように構成され、さらに該第1の超音波画像と該第2の超音波画像とを非コヒーレントに組み合わせるように構成される、該制御システムと:
を備える、多開口超音波撮像システム。 - 前記送信開口及び前記第1の受信開口が、該送信開口からの送信の最小波長の少なくとも2倍だけ離間されている、請求項11記載の多開口超音波撮像システム。
- 前記送信開口及び前記受信開口が、2cmから10cmの範囲の合計開口を備える、請求項11記載の多開口超音波撮像システム。
- 前記制御システムが、音速変動に起因する前記第1の超音波画像に対する前記第2の超音波画像の変位を補正するように構成される、請求項11記載の多開口超音波撮像システム。
- 前記送信開口、前記第1の受信開口、及び前記第2の受信開口がすべて、単一の走査面内に存在しているわけではない、請求項11記載の多開口超音波撮像システム。
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