JP6247819B2 - Aluminum solder and solder joints - Google Patents
Aluminum solder and solder joints Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、優れた接合信頼性を有するアルミニウム用はんだ及びはんだ継手に関する。 The present invention relates to a solder for aluminum and a solder joint having excellent joint reliability.
アルミニウムは、他の金属と比較して、高い熱伝導率を有し、熱応力の発生が少ないために、電子機器等の放熱部材に多く用いられている。
近年、アルミニウムの特性である比重の軽さや強度が着目され、モータ等の軽量化に寄与する素材として検討がなされている。
Aluminum has a high thermal conductivity compared to other metals and generates less thermal stress. Therefore, aluminum is often used for heat dissipation members such as electronic devices.
In recent years, attention has been paid to lightness and strength of specific gravity, which are characteristics of aluminum, and studies have been made as materials that contribute to weight reduction of motors and the like.
しかし、アルミニウムからなる放熱部材やアルミニウムをモータのコイル等に用いる場合、はんだを用いて接合するのが一般的であるが、十分な接合強度や信頼性が得られないという問題点が存在している。 However, when aluminum is used for a heat dissipation member or aluminum for a motor coil or the like, it is common to use solder to join, but there is a problem that sufficient joining strength and reliability cannot be obtained. Yes.
アルミニウム用はんだとして、特許文献1にはSn-(3〜40%)Zn-(1〜10%)Ag-(0.5〜4%)Cu組成のはんだ合金が、特許文献2にはSn-(0.5〜7%)Mg-(1.5〜20%)Zn-(0.5〜15%)Ag組成のはんだ合金がそれぞれ開示されている。
また、特許文献3にはSn-(10〜15%)Zn-(0.1〜1.5%)Cu-(0.0001〜0.1%)Al-(0.0001〜0.03%)Si-(0.0001〜0.02%)Ti-(0.0001〜0.01%)B組成のはんだ合金が、特許文献4にはSn-(10%以下)Ag-(15%以下)Al組成のアルミニウム部材直接接合用はんだ合金がそれぞれ開示されている。
そして、特許文献5にはアルミニウム材同士、又はアルミニウム材と異種材との接合に関する接合方法として、Cu、Ag、In、Bi、Co、Tiの群より選択される金属元素と残部SnからなるSn系ハンダを用いた接合が開示されている。
As a solder for aluminum, Patent Document 1 discloses a Sn- (3-40%) Zn- (1-10%) Ag- (0.5-4%) Cu solder alloy, and Patent Document 2 discloses Sn- (0.5 ~ 7%) Mg- (1.5-20%) Zn- (0.5-15%) Ag solder alloys are disclosed respectively.
Patent Document 3 discloses Sn- (10-15%) Zn- (0.1-1.5%) Cu- (0.0001-0.1%) Al- (0.0001-0.03%) Si- (0.0001-0.02%) Ti- ( A 0.0001 to 0.01%) B composition solder alloy, and Patent Document 4 disclose a Sn- (10% or less) Ag- (15% or less) Al composition aluminum alloy direct bonding solder alloy.
In Patent Document 5, as a joining method for joining aluminum materials or between an aluminum material and a dissimilar material, Sn composed of a metal element selected from the group of Cu, Ag, In, Bi, Co, and Ti and the remaining Sn is used. Bonding using a system solder is disclosed.
しかしながら、特許文献1及び2は、Sn-Zn系はんだの課題である耐食性が改善されているが、塩水等の耐食性に関しては満足には至っていない。特許文献3の組成は元素数が多く管理コストが増えることやSn-Zn系はんだの耐食性の課題が残されている。特許文献4も塩水等の耐食性に関しては満足には至っていない。特許文献5は接合に際してフラックスを必要としない点に於いて魅力的ではあるが、2種の接合部を準備する必要があることなど工程が複雑であるという課題が残っており、簡単な組成で、塩水等の耐食性にも優れた高い信頼性を得るはんだ接合材が求められている。 However, Patent Documents 1 and 2 have improved corrosion resistance, which is a problem of Sn—Zn solder, but have not been satisfied with respect to corrosion resistance such as salt water. The composition of Patent Document 3 has a problem that the number of elements is large and the management cost increases and the corrosion resistance of the Sn—Zn solder remains. Patent Document 4 is not satisfactory with respect to the corrosion resistance of salt water or the like. Patent Document 5 is attractive in that a flux is not required for joining, but the problem that the process is complicated such as the need to prepare two kinds of joints remains, and the composition is simple. There is a need for a solder joint material that is highly reliable in terms of corrosion resistance, such as salt water.
本発明は、塩水等の耐食性に優れ、高い信頼性を有する鉛フリー組成のはんだ接合材及び、当該鉛フリーはんだを用いたはんだ継手の提供を目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a solder joint material having a lead-free composition having excellent corrosion resistance such as salt water and having high reliability, and a solder joint using the lead-free solder.
本発明者は、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、Sn、Cu及びAgを主成分とするはんだを用いることにより、アルミニウム材同士、又はアルミニウム材と異種金属材のはんだ接合に於いて、塩水等の耐食性に優れ、接合強度に優れた効果を有することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive investigations to achieve the above object, the present inventor has used a solder composed mainly of Sn, Cu, and Ag, so that it can be used for soldering between aluminum materials or between aluminum materials and dissimilar metal materials. The present inventors have found that it has excellent corrosion resistance such as salt water and has excellent bonding strength, and has completed the present invention.
すなわち本発明は、Cuが1.5〜6重量%、Agが2〜3重量%、Niが0.05重量%、残部をSnからなる鉛フリーはんだ合金を用いることにより、水等の耐食性に優れ、接合強度に優れた効果を有するはんだ接合及びはんだ継手を実現させたのである。
また、本発明の主成分に、更にSbを添加することにより、Cuの含有量を低くすることが可能となる。
That is, the present invention uses a lead-free solder alloy of 1.5 to 6 % by weight of Cu , 2 to 3 % by weight of Ag , 0.05% by weight of Ni, and the balance of Sn , thereby improving the corrosion resistance of water and the like. The solder joint and the solder joint having an excellent effect on the bonding strength were realized.
Further, by adding Sb to the main component of the present invention, the Cu content can be lowered.
本発明によれば、アルミニウム材同士、又はアルミニウム材と異種金属材の接合に於いて、耐食性、信頼性に優れたはんだ接合が可能となるため、モータや車載部品等の軽量化に広く応用が可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to perform solder bonding with excellent corrosion resistance and reliability in joining aluminum materials or between aluminum materials and dissimilar metal materials. It becomes possible.
以下に、本発明について詳細に説明する。
従来、アルミニウムはその金属特性から、電子部品やモータ、車載部品等の有力な素材であることは知られているが、はんだ接合に於いて、接合強度や電解腐食(ガルバニック腐食)等の課題を克服することが困難であるため、実際には殆ど用いられていない状況であった。
特に、電子部品等に於いては、接合部に銅や銀組成が広く用いられているため、アルミニウム材を用いてはんだ接合した場合、接合部にガルバニック電池を形成して腐食が進むことが知られているため、特許文献にあるような電位差の少ない元素を含有させる等の対応を行っていた。
しかも、海水等の塩水に接触する過酷な環境下に於いては、電解腐食が驚くほどのスピードで進展し、短時間ではんだ剥離することも知られている。
そこで、過酷な環境下においても高い接合強度が持続する高信頼性のはんだ接合が求められていた。
The present invention is described in detail below.
Conventionally, aluminum is known to be a powerful material such as electronic parts, motors, and on-vehicle parts due to its metallic properties. However, in solder joints, problems such as joint strength and electrolytic corrosion (galvanic corrosion) have occurred. Since it was difficult to overcome, it was rarely used in practice.
In particular, in electronic parts and the like, copper and silver compositions are widely used in joints. Therefore, when soldering is performed using an aluminum material, galvanic batteries are formed in the joints and corrosion progresses. Therefore, countermeasures such as inclusion of an element having a small potential difference as in the patent literature have been taken.
In addition, it is also known that electrolytic corrosion progresses at a surprising speed in a harsh environment in contact with salt water such as seawater, and the solder is peeled off in a short time.
Therefore, there has been a demand for highly reliable solder joints that can maintain high joint strength even in harsh environments.
Sn、Cu、Agからなるはんだ組成は鉛フリーはんだ組成として知られているが、アルミニウム材の接合には適さないことも知られている。
また、出願人の発明したSn、Cu、Niを主成分とする鉛フリーはんだ組成であっても、アルミニウム材の接合に於いて、海水等の塩水に接触する過酷な環境下では十分な接合信頼性を得られていない。
A solder composition composed of Sn, Cu, and Ag is known as a lead-free solder composition, but it is also known that it is not suitable for joining aluminum materials.
Even with lead-free solder compositions based on Sn, Cu, and Ni, as invented by the applicant, sufficient joining reliability can be achieved in harsh environments that contact seawater and other salt water when joining aluminum materials. Sex has not been obtained.
本発明では、先ず、鉛フリーはんだ組成に着目して、塩水が接触する環境を想定して、塩水浸漬試験に耐えうる元素の組み合わせを検討した結果、Sn、Cu及びAgを基本組成として、Sbを添加することにより塩水浸漬試験に耐えうる鉛フリーはんだ組成と当該元素の配合量を特定したことが特徴である。 In the present invention, first, focusing on the lead-free solder composition, and considering the combination of elements that can withstand the salt water immersion test, assuming an environment where the salt water contacts, the basic composition is Sn, Cu and Ag. It is characterized by specifying the lead-free solder composition that can withstand the salt water immersion test and the blending amount of the element.
次に、本発明の内容を具体的に説明する。
先ず、本発明の鉛フリーはんだの基本組成は、Sn、Cu及びAgからなり、Cuの含有量は1.5重量%以上であれば本発明の効果を有し、好ましくは3重量%以上であり、更に好ましいのは5重量%以上である。
また、Agの含有量は2重量%以上であれば本発明の効果を有し、好ましくは2〜3重量%である。
Snは、Cu及びAgを配合した残部であり、その他不可避不純物を含有しても本発明の効果を損なうものではない。
Next, the contents of the present invention will be specifically described.
First, the basic composition of the lead-free solder of the present invention is composed of Sn, Cu, and Ag. If the Cu content is 1.5 % by weight or more, the effect of the present invention is obtained, preferably 3% by weight or more. More preferably, it is 5% by weight or more.
The content of Ag has the effect of the present invention as long as 2 wt% or more, preferably 2-3 wt%.
Sn is the balance in which Cu and Ag are blended, and the effects of the present invention are not impaired even if other inevitable impurities are contained.
そして、本発明の鉛フリーはんだの基本組成であるSn、Cu及びAgに、Sbを含有させた場合の本発明の効果を有する各元素の含有量は、次のとおりである。
Cuは0.7重量付近、Agは3重量%付近、Sbは1重量%が好ましい。
And the content of each element which has the effect of this invention at the time of making Sb contain in Sn, Cu, and Ag which are the basic compositions of the lead-free solder of this invention is as follows.
It is preferable that Cu is about 0.7%, Ag is about 3% by weight, and Sb is 1% by weight.
本発明のアルミニウム接合用鉛フリーはんだに、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲に於いてNi等の元素を配合しても構わない。 You may mix | blend elements, such as Ni, with the lead-free solder for aluminum joining of this invention in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention.
また、本発明のアルミニウム接合用鉛フリーはんだを用いてはんだ接合したはんだ継手が、本発明の効果を有することは勿論である。 Moreover, it goes without saying that a solder joint soldered using the lead-free solder for aluminum joining of the present invention has the effects of the present invention.
(せん断力測定試験)
〔試料〕
25×3×1mmアルミニウム材、表1に示す組成のはんだ合金、フラックスとして日本スペリア社製No.1261を準備した。
〔試料の製作〕
先ず、図1に示すようにアルミニウム材1の端部にフラックスを約0.01g塗布後、アルミニウム材1端部の5mmに、表1に示すはんだ合金とはんだ付け温度にてはんだ付けしたものを2個準備した。
次に、上記はんだ付けしたアルミニウム材の端部を重ね、表1に記載のはんだ付け温度にて加熱し2個のアルミニウム材を接合した後、室温に冷却して、図1に示す試験試料を作製した。
〔予備試験〕
上記試料を、3%NaCl水溶液にはんだ接合部が完全に浸漬させて、室温で1週間放置し、剥離等の状態変化を確認した。
(Shearing force measurement test)
〔sample〕
No. 1261 manufactured by Nippon Superior Co., Ltd. was prepared as a 25 × 3 × 1 mm aluminum material, a solder alloy having the composition shown in Table 1, and a flux.
[Production of sample]
First, as shown in FIG. 1, after applying about 0.01 g of flux to the end of the aluminum material 1, soldered to the 5 mm of the end of the aluminum material 1 with the solder alloy shown in Table 1 at the soldering temperature. Two were prepared.
Next, the end portions of the soldered aluminum material are overlapped, heated at the soldering temperature shown in Table 1 to join the two aluminum materials, cooled to room temperature, and the test sample shown in FIG. Produced.
〔Preliminary test〕
The sample was completely immersed in a 3% NaCl aqueous solution and allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 week to confirm state changes such as peeling.
評価は、目視により、はんだ接合部に変化のないものを○、剥離等の変化が認められるものを×として判断した。
その結果を表1に示す。
The evaluation was made by visually observing that there was no change in the solder joint, and x where change such as peeling was recognized.
The results are shown in Table 1.
表1の予備試験結果をもとに、本発明の効果に関して詳細に説明する。
表2記載のはんだ合金組成とはんだ付け条件にて作製した試料を、3%NaCl水溶液にはんだ接合部が完全に浸漬するようにして、室温で60日間放置後、取り出して純粋にて洗浄、乾燥後に、島津製作所製万能試験機AG-10klSにて、引張速度1mm/分の条件にて最大せん断力を測定した。
Based on the preliminary test results in Table 1, the effects of the present invention will be described in detail.
Samples prepared under the solder alloy composition and soldering conditions shown in Table 2 were left at room temperature for 60 days so that the solder joints were completely immersed in a 3% NaCl aqueous solution, then removed, washed pure and dried. Later, the maximum shear force was measured with a universal testing machine AG-10klS manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation under the condition of a tensile speed of 1 mm / min.
従来からアルミニウム材のはんだ接合に用いられているAlusoi45Dを比較対象として評価し、試験結果を図3に示す。
図3より、本発明のCuを1.5重量%以上、Agを2重量%以上、残部をSnからなる鉛フリーはんだと、Cuが0.7重量%、Agが3重量%、Sbが1重量%、及び残部がSnからなる鉛フリーはんだは、最大せん断力が100N以上となり、塩水浸漬試験に耐え、且つ高い接合強度を示すことが確認された。
また、SN100C5+3Ag組成での接合状態について、接合断面写真及び元素マッピング写真を図4(3a箇所)及び図5(3b箇所)に示す。
Conventionally, Arusoi45D, which has been used for soldering aluminum materials, was evaluated as a comparison object, and the test results are shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 shows that the lead-free solder of 1.5 wt% or more, Ag of 2 wt% or more, and the balance of Sn according to the present invention, Cu of 0.7 wt%, Ag of 3 wt%, and Sb of 1 It was confirmed that the lead-free solder having a weight percent and the balance of Sn has a maximum shearing force of 100 N or more, can withstand a salt water immersion test, and exhibits high bonding strength.
Moreover, about a joining state by SN100C5 + 3Ag composition, a junction cross-sectional photograph and an element mapping photograph are shown in FIG. 4 (3a location) and FIG. 5 (3b location).
本発明の鉛フリーはんだは、アルミニウム材同士、又はアルミニウム材と異種金属材の接合に於いても、耐食性、信頼性に優れたはんだ接合が可能となるため、モータや車載部品等の軽量化に広く応用が期待できる。 The lead-free solder of the present invention enables corrosion-resistant and reliable solder bonding even between aluminum materials or between aluminum materials and dissimilar metal materials, thus reducing the weight of motors and in-vehicle components. Wide application can be expected.
1:アルミニウム試験材
2:はんだ
3a:はんだ接合部上部
3b:はんだ接合部下部
1: Aluminum test material 2: Solder 3a: Upper part of solder joint 3b: Lower part of solder joint
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WO2018181690A1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | 株式会社日本スペリア社 | Lead-free solder alloy and solder joint |
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WO2001078931A1 (en) * | 2000-04-17 | 2001-10-25 | Fujitsu Limited | Solder joining |
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