JP6034041B2 - 高温配管物およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
高温配管物およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/04—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler and characterised by material, e.g. use of special steel alloy
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- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
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- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
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- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
- F16L13/02—Welded joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/10—Pipe-lines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
- C21D2251/04—Welded or brazed overlays
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
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- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12931—Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base components, alternative to each other
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
前記一次配管部材は、鍛造Ni(ニッケル)基合金からなり、かつ前記鍛造Ni基合金は、Niと、Al(アルミニウム)と、Mo(モリブデン)およびW(タングステン)の少なくとも一方とを含み、該Moおよび該Wの合計含有率が3質量%以上8質量%以下であり、Ni基合金のγ’(ガンマプライム)相の固溶温度が920℃以上970℃以下であり、700℃以上800℃以下の温度範囲において30体積%以上の前記γ’相が析出する鍛造Ni基合金であり、
前記溶接材は、溶接により形成された鋳造組織を有する鋳造Ni基合金からなり、かつ前記鋳造Ni基合金は、Niと、Alと、MoおよびWの少なくとも一方とを含み、該Moおよび該Wの合計含有率が9質量%以上15質量%以下であり、前記γ’相の固溶温度が850℃以上900℃以下であり、700℃以上800℃以下の温度範囲において20体積%以上の前記γ’相が析出する鋳造Ni基合金であり、
前記一次配管部材同士が溶接される箇所が前記溶接材によってバタリングされていることを特徴とする高温配管物を提供する。
なお、本発明において、γ’相とはL12構造を有するNi3Al金属間化合物相を意味し、Alサイトの一部が他の元素で置換されている化合物も含むものとする。また、鋳造Ni基合金は、最終組織が鋳造組織であれば、途中の製造プロセスを問わないものとする。
前記一次配管部材同士が溶接される箇所に対して前記溶接材によってバタリングしながら前記一次配管部材同士を溶接して複数個の前記一次配管部材からなる二次配管部材を形成する二次配管部材形成工程と、前記二次配管部材同士が溶接される箇所に対して前記溶接材によってバタリングしながら前記二次配管部材同士を溶接して高温配管物を形成する高温配管物形成工程とを有することを特徴とする高温配管物の製造方法を提供する。
(i)前記鍛造Ni基合金は、3.5質量%以上4.5質量%以下のAlと、15質量%以上20質量%以下のCr(クロム)と、25質量%以下のCo(コバルト)と、0.01質量%以上0.15質量%以下のC(炭素)と、合計含有率が3質量%以上8質量%以下となるMoおよびWの少なくとも一方と、残部となるNiおよび不可避不純物とを含み、
前記鋳造Ni基合金は、3質量%以上3.5質量%以下のAlと、15質量%以上20質量%以下のCrと、25質量%以下のCoと、0.01質量%以上0.15質量%以下のCと、合計含有率が9質量%以上15質量%以下となるMoおよびWの少なくとも一方と、残部となるNiおよび不可避不純物とを含む。
(ii)前記二次配管部材形成工程と前記高温配管物形成工程との間に、前記二次配管部材に対して、前記鋳造Ni基合金のγ’相固溶温度以上かつ前記鍛造Ni基合金のγ’相固溶温度以下の温度で熱処理を行って、前記一次配管部材に5体積%以上15体積%以下の前記γ’相を析出させる事前時効熱処理工程を更に有する。
(iii)前記高温配管物形成工程の後に、前記高温配管物の全体に対して、該高温配管物外部からの加熱により前記一次配管部材に30体積%以上の前記γ’相を析出させるための時効熱処理を行わない。
前述したように、本発明に係る高温配管物は、溶接材を用いて比較的短尺の一次配管部材同士を溶接・組立した構造物であり、一次配管部材を構成する鍛造Ni基合金と溶接材を構成する鋳造Ni基合金とが、互いに異なるγ’相固溶温度(「鍛造Ni基合金のγ’相固溶温度」>「鋳造Ni基合金のγ’相固溶温度」)を有することを特徴とする。また、一次配管部材同士が溶接される箇所が溶接材によってバタリングされた溶接継手であることを特徴とする。
本発明に係る高温配管物の製造方法について説明する。まず、前述した鍛造Ni基合金からなる一次配管部材と、前述した鋳造Ni基合金からなる溶接材とを用意する。一次配管部材には、γ’相の固溶温度以上の熱処理(溶体化熱処理)を施してγ’相を固溶させる。
表1に示す組成を有するNi基合金(合金T1〜T5)を用意し、次のような手順で一次配管部材の供試材を作製した。まず、真空溶解および真空アーク再溶解によるダブルメルトプロセスにより鋼塊を作製した。次に、鋼塊に対して熱間鍛造を行ってビレットを作製した。その後、ビレットに対して熱間押出および冷間加工を行い、発電プラント用のボイラーチューブを模擬した一次配管部材(内径50 mm、肉厚8 mm)を作製した。また、作製した一次配管部材(合金T1〜T5)に対して、γ’相固溶温度と時効熱処理(800℃)によるγ’相析出量を調査した。結果を表1に併記する。合金T1〜T2は従前のNi基合金であり、合金T3〜T5は本発明に係るNi基合金である。
上記で用意した一次配管部材および溶接材を用いて、表3〜表4に示した組み合わせ・条件によりTIG溶接を行い、二次配管部材となる溶接継手(試料1〜9)を作製した。得られた溶接継手(試料1〜9)に対して、試料断面の微細組織観察(溶接割れの有無の評価を含む)、およびクリープ試験を行った。微細組織観察は、溶接前の試料およびクリープ試験の途中で取り出した試料(クリープ試験中断材)に対しても行った。また、クリープ試験は、温度800℃、応力190 MPaの条件で行った。クリープ試験の結果を用いてラルソンミラー法(ラルソンミラーパラメータ=20)により、クリープ耐用温度を評価した。なお、このクリープ耐用温度とは、100 MPaの応力に10万時間耐えうる温度を意味する。溶接割れの有無の評価およびクリープ耐用温度の評価結果を表3〜表4に併記する。
Claims (6)
- 複数個の一次配管部材と溶接材とから構成され高温流体を流通させるための高温配管物の製造方法であって、
前記一次配管部材は、鍛造Ni基合金からなり、
前記鍛造Ni基合金は、Niと、Alと、MoおよびWの少なくとも一方とを含み、該Moおよび該Wの合計含有率が3質量%以上8質量%以下であり、Ni基合金のγ’相の固溶温度が920℃以上970℃以下であり、700℃以上800℃以下の温度範囲において30体積%以上の前記γ’相が析出する鍛造Ni基合金であり、
前記溶接材は、溶接により形成された鋳造組織を有する鋳造Ni基合金からなり、
前記鋳造Ni基合金は、Niと、Alと、MoおよびWの少なくとも一方とを含み、該Moおよび該Wの合計含有率が9質量%以上15質量%以下であり、前記γ’相の固溶温度が850℃以上900℃以下であり、700℃以上800℃以下の温度範囲において20体積%以上の前記γ’相が析出する鋳造Ni基合金であり、
前記一次配管部材同士が溶接される箇所に対して前記溶接材によってバタリングしながら前記一次配管部材同士を溶接して複数個の前記一次配管部材からなる二次配管部材を形成する二次配管部材形成工程と、
前記二次配管部材同士が溶接される箇所に対して前記溶接材によってバタリングしながら前記二次配管部材同士を溶接して高温配管物を形成する高温配管物形成工程とを有することを特徴とする高温配管物の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の高温配管物の製造方法において、
前記鍛造Ni基合金は、3.5質量%以上4.5質量%以下のAlと、15質量%以上20質量%以下のCrと、25質量%以下のCoと、0.01質量%以上0.15質量%以下のCと、合計含有率が3質量%以上8質量%以下となるMoおよびWの少なくとも一方と、残部となるNiおよび不可避不純物とを含み、
前記鋳造Ni基合金は、3質量%以上3.5質量%以下のAlと、15質量%以上20質量%以下のCrと、25質量%以下のCoと、0.01質量%以上0.15質量%以下のCと、合計含有率が9質量%以上15質量%以下となるMoおよびWの少なくとも一方と、残部となるNiおよび不可避不純物とを含むことを特徴とする高温配管物の製造方法。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の高温配管物の製造方法において、
前記二次配管部材形成工程と前記高温配管物形成工程との間に、前記二次配管部材に対して、前記鋳造Ni基合金のγ’相固溶温度以上かつ前記鍛造Ni基合金のγ’相固溶温度以下の温度で熱処理を行って、前記一次配管部材に5体積%以上15体積%以下の前記γ’相を析出させる事前時効熱処理工程を更に有することを特徴とする高温配管物の製造方法。 - 請求項3に記載の高温配管物の製造方法において、
前記高温配管物形成工程の後に、前記高温配管物の全体に対して、該高温配管物外部からの加熱により前記一次配管部材に30体積%以上の前記γ’相を析出させるための時効熱処理を行わないことを特徴とする高温配管物の製造方法。 - 複数個の一次配管部材と溶接材とから構成され高温流体を流通させるための高温配管物であって、
前記一次配管部材は、3.5質量%以上4.5質量%以下のAlと、15質量%以上20質量%以下のCrと、25質量%以下のCoと、0.01質量%以上0.15質量%以下のCと、合計含有率が3質量%以上8質量%以下となるMoおよびWの少なくとも一方とを含み、残部がNiおよび不可避不純物である鍛造Ni基合金からなり、
前記溶接材は、3質量%以上3.5質量%以下のAlと、15質量%以上20質量%以下のCrと、25質量%以下のCoと、0.01質量%以上0.15質量%以下のCと、合計含有率が9質量%以上15質量%以下となるMoおよびWの少なくとも一方とを含み、残部がNiおよび不可避不純物であり、溶接により形成された鋳造組織を有する鋳造Ni基合金からなり、
前記高温配管物は、
溶接前の前記一次配管部材に対して前記鍛造Ni基合金のγ’相の固溶温度以上の温度の熱処理を施す溶体化熱処理工程と、
前記一次配管部材同士が溶接される箇所に対して前記溶接材によってバタリングしながら前記一次配管部材同士を溶接して複数個の前記一次配管部材からなる二次配管部材を形成する二次配管部材形成工程と、
前記二次配管部材に対して前記鋳造Ni基合金のγ’相固溶温度以上かつ前記鍛造Ni基合金のγ’相固溶温度以下の温度の熱処理を施して前記一次配管部材に5体積%以上15体積%以下の前記γ’相を析出させる事前時効熱処理工程と、
前記二次配管部材同士が溶接される箇所に対して前記溶接材によってバタリングしながら前記二次配管部材同士を溶接して高温配管物を形成する高温配管物形成工程とを経て製造されたものであり、
温度800℃、応力190 MPaの条件でクリープ試験を行ったときに、前記一次配管部材に30体積%以上の前記γ’相が微細分散析出し、前記溶接材に20体積%以上のγ’相が微細分散析出し、クリープ耐用温度が800℃以上であることを有することを特徴とする高温配管物。 - 請求項5に記載の高温配管物を具備することを特徴とする発電プラント用ボイラ。
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