JP5982027B1 - Water leakage countermeasures for tunnels constructed by the Natom method - Google Patents
Water leakage countermeasures for tunnels constructed by the Natom method Download PDFInfo
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- JP5982027B1 JP5982027B1 JP2015054131A JP2015054131A JP5982027B1 JP 5982027 B1 JP5982027 B1 JP 5982027B1 JP 2015054131 A JP2015054131 A JP 2015054131A JP 2015054131 A JP2015054131 A JP 2015054131A JP 5982027 B1 JP5982027 B1 JP 5982027B1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】ナトム工法で施工されたトンネルの覆工面からの漏水が発生している箇所において、車道を最小限の規制で、簡易な方法により、漏水を常時側溝に流して、壁面が汚れたり、漏水が凍結して交通に障害を及ぼすことを確実に防止する漏水対策工法を提供する。【解決手段】吹き付けコンクリート３の表面に防水シート５を取付け、この防水シート５の下部に排水材６をトンネル１の方向に沿って取付け、排水材６から車道７の下に埋設された中央排水口に排水すると共に、防水シート５の表面に覆工コンクリート４を取付けたナトム工法で施工されたトンネルにおいて、その漏水個所の覆工コンクリート４側の歩道１２にベースホール１３を形成し、この底部から排水材６に向かって斜め下向きに削孔し、ベースホール１３から側溝１６に導水管１８を接続して、流れ込んだ湧水を削孔１４とベースホール１３を通して導水管１８から側溝１６に排水する。【選択図】図５[PROBLEMS] In a place where water leakage from the lining surface of a tunnel constructed by the NATOM method has occurred, the waterway is always flowed into the side groove by a simple method with a minimum restriction, and the wall surface becomes dirty. Provide a water leakage countermeasure method that reliably prevents water leaks from freezing and causing traffic problems. A waterproof sheet 5 is attached to the surface of sprayed concrete 3, and a drainage material 6 is attached to the lower part of the waterproof sheet 5 along the direction of the tunnel 1, and the central drainage buried under the roadway 7 from the drainage material 6. In the tunnel constructed by the NATOM method with drainage to the mouth and with the lining concrete 4 attached to the surface of the waterproof sheet 5, a base hole 13 is formed on the sidewalk 12 on the lining concrete 4 side of the water leakage location, and this bottom A hole is drilled obliquely downward toward the drainage material 6 from the base hole 13, a conduit pipe 18 is connected to the side groove 16 from the base hole 13, and the flowing spring water is drained from the conduit pipe 18 to the side groove 16 through the drill hole 14 and the base hole 13. To do. [Selection] Figure 5
Description
本発明は、ナトム工法で施工されたトンネル覆工面からの漏水対策工法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for preventing water leakage from a tunnel lining surface constructed by a NATOM method.
地山を掘削してトンネルを形成し、この内側にコンクリートを吹き付け、この表面に防水シートを取付け、この防水シートの下部に排水材をトンネルの方向に沿って取付け、前記排水材から車道の下に埋設された中央排水口に排水すると共に、防水シートの表面に覆工コンクリートを設けるトンネル工法はナトム工法として知られている。 A tunnel is formed by excavating a natural ground, spraying concrete on the inside, attaching a waterproof sheet to this surface, attaching drainage material along the direction of the tunnel to the bottom of the waterproof sheet, and from the drainage material to the bottom of the roadway A tunnel method in which drainage is performed at a central drain port buried in the wall and lining concrete is provided on the surface of the waterproof sheet is known as a natom method.
このようにナトム工法で作られたトンネルは、吹き付けコンクリートと防水シートとの間に流れ込んだ湧水は防水シートに沿って流下し、下部のトンネル長手方向に沿って配置された吸水性のある多孔質の材料で形成された排水材に沿って流れ、約５０ｍおきに設けた横断排水管から車道の中央部に埋設した中央排水口に排水して、吹き付けコンクリートと防水シートとの間に湧水が溜らないようになっている。 In this way, the tunnel made by the Natom construction method has a water-absorbing porous structure that is located along the longitudinal direction of the lower tunnel, and the spring water that flows between the sprayed concrete and the waterproof sheet flows down along the waterproof sheet. It flows along the drainage material made of quality material, drains from the transverse drainage pipe provided about every 50m to the central drainage port buried in the center of the roadway, and spring water between the sprayed concrete and the waterproof sheet Does not accumulate.
しかしながら、横断排水管の設置間隔が５０ｍと比較的大きいことから、施工後の経年によって、吹付けコンクリートから分離した石灰分や、湧水に含まれる鉄分あるいは微粒子等が排水材に沈積して目詰まりしてくる。このため、排水がスムーズに行われなくなり局所的に覆工コンクリート面の打ち継ぎ目や亀裂から漏水が発生し、壁面が汚れたり、漏水が凍結して交通に障害を及ぼす問題があった。 However, since the installation interval of the transverse drainage pipe is relatively large at 50m, the lime content separated from the shotcrete, iron content or fine particles contained in the spring water, etc. are deposited on the drainage material over time after construction. Clogged. For this reason, drainage is not performed smoothly, and water leaks locally from the joints and cracks of the lining concrete surface, and the wall surface becomes dirty, and the water leaks and has a problem of disturbing traffic.
このため漏水対策として、吹付けコンクリートと覆工コンクリートとの間に補修材注入管を予め埋め込んで、トンネル構造を施工する。長い期間経過してトンネル構造に漏水箇所が生じた場合、予め埋め込んである補修材注入管に補修材を注入してその補修材放出部を破断させて、補修材を漏水箇所に放出して充填し、補修する方法がある（特許文献１）。 For this reason, as a countermeasure against water leakage, a repair material injection pipe is embedded in advance between shotcrete and lining concrete to construct a tunnel structure. When a leak point occurs in the tunnel structure after a long period of time, the repair material is injected into the repair material injection pipe embedded in advance, the repair material discharge part is broken, and the repair material is discharged to the leak point and filled. However, there is a method for repair (Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、従来の方法ではトンネル施工時に、補修材注入管を吹付コンクリートと覆工コンクリートとの間に予め埋め込むため、施工が面倒であり、またどの個所から漏水するか分らず、埋め込んだ大部分の補修材注入管が機能しない問題がある。更に補修材注入管から補修材を注入・充填させて地下水の溜まる部分を塞いでも、恒久的な対策にならず、また近くの部分から漏水する問題があった。 However, in the conventional method, since the repair material injection pipe is embedded in advance between the shotcrete and the lining concrete at the time of tunnel construction, the construction is troublesome, and it does not know from which part the water leaks, and most of the embedded There is a problem that the repair material injection pipe does not function. Furthermore, even if a repair material is injected and filled from the repair material injection pipe to block the portion where the groundwater is accumulated, there is no permanent measure and there is a problem that water leaks from a nearby portion.
本発明は上記問題を改善し、ナトム工法で施工されたトンネルの覆工面からの漏水が発生している箇所において、車道を最小限の規制で、簡易な方法により、漏水を常時側溝に流して、壁面が汚れたり、漏水が凍結して交通に障害を及ぼすことを確実に防止する漏水対策工法を提供するものである。 The present invention improves the above problems, and at locations where water leakage occurs from the lining surface of a tunnel constructed by the NATOM method, the waterway is always allowed to flow into the side gutter with a simple method with minimal restrictions. It is intended to provide a water leakage countermeasure method that reliably prevents the wall surface from becoming dirty or the water leakage from freezing and causing obstacles to traffic.
本発明の請求項１記載のナトム工法で施工されたトンネルの漏水対策工法は、吹き付けコンクリートの表面に防水シートを取付け、この防水シートの下部に排水材をトンネルの方向に沿って取付け、前記排水材から車道の下に埋設された中央排水口に排水すると共に、防水シートの表面に覆工コンクリートを取付けたナトム工法で施工されたトンネルにおいて、その漏水個所の覆工コンクリート側の歩道にベースホールを形成し、このベースホールの底部から前記排水材に向かって斜め下向きに削孔し、この削孔の上部から歩道の下に形成した導水管を介して車道の側溝に接続すると共に、ベースホールの上部にキャップを着脱自在に取付けて密閉し、吹き付けコンクリートと防水シートとの間に流れ込んだ湧水を前記削孔と導水管を通して、車道の側溝に排水することを特徴とするものである。 According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water leakage countermeasure method for a tunnel constructed by the Natom method, wherein a waterproof sheet is attached to the surface of sprayed concrete, and a drainage material is attached to the lower part of the waterproof sheet along the tunnel direction, In the tunnel constructed by the Natom method with drainage from the material to the central drainage port buried under the roadway and with lining concrete attached to the surface of the waterproof sheet , the base hole is located on the sidewalk on the side of the lining concrete at the leak point The base hole is drilled obliquely downward from the bottom of the base hole toward the drainage material, and connected to the side groove of the roadway through a water conduit formed below the sidewalk from the top of the drill hole. through the sealed by attaching a cap detachably to the upper spraying and the drilling spring water that has flowed into between the tarpaulin concrete conduit It is characterized in that the waste water in ditch roadway.
本発明の請求項２記載のナトム工法で施工されたトンネルの漏水対策工法は、請求項１において、歩道から排水材に向かって斜め下向きに削孔した削孔が、１箇所において１孔または複数孔放射状に形成することを特徴とするものである。 According to Claim 2 of the present invention, the tunnel leakage countermeasure construction method according to Claim 1 is characterized in that, in Claim 1, the number of drilling holes drilled obliquely downward from the sidewalk toward the drainage material is one or more at one location. It is characterized by forming the holes radially.
本発明に係る請求項１記載のナトム工法で施工されたトンネルの漏水対策工法によれば、吹き付けコンクリートと防水シートとの間に流れ込んだ湧水は、排水材が目詰まりしても、排水材に達する削孔と導水管を通りサイホンの作用により排水材の部分に溜った湧水は側溝に流れる。この結果、歩道より低い位置までしか湧水は溜らず覆工コンクリートの表面からの漏水を防止して壁面の汚れや、車道の凍結による交通障害を防止することができる。 According to the water leakage countermeasure method for a tunnel constructed by the Natom method according to claim 1 of the present invention, the spring water flowing between the sprayed concrete and the waterproof sheet can be drained even if the drainage material is clogged. The spring water accumulated in the drainage material by the action of siphon passes through the drilling hole and the water conduit that reaches to the side, and flows into the gutter. As a result, spring water is accumulated only to a position lower than the sidewalk, so that water leakage from the surface of the lining concrete can be prevented, thereby preventing traffic obstruction caused by dirt on the wall surface or freezing of the roadway.
また歩道に先ずベースホールを形成し、このベースホールの底部から排水材に向かって斜め下向きに削孔するので、作業が容易である上、キャップの取付けも容易である。したがって車道を最小限の規制で、歩道の上だけで漏水対策工事を進めることができるので、工事中もトンネル内の車の通行が可能であり、しかも歩道の上で１ｍ以下のボーリングとパイプの埋設、埋戻し作業だけなので工期も短く、施工費用も安価である。 In addition, since a base hole is first formed on the sidewalk, and a hole is drilled obliquely downward from the bottom of the base hole toward the drainage material, the work is easy and the cap can be easily attached. Therefore, since it is possible to proceed with water leakage countermeasures only on the sidewalk with minimal restrictions on the roadway, it is possible to pass cars in the tunnel even during the construction, and more than 1 meter of boring and pipe on the sidewalk. Since it is only burying and backfilling work, the construction period is short and the construction cost is low.
更に防水対策工事を行なっても、経年変化して削孔と導水管が目詰まりしてスムーズに排水されなくなることがある。この場合、ベースホールのキャップを取り外して、ベースホールや削孔、導水管を清掃して沈積物を取り除くことにより、更に長期間に亘って漏水を防止することができる。 Furthermore, even if waterproofing work is performed, the boreholes and water conduits may become clogged over time, preventing smooth drainage. In this case, water leakage can be prevented for a longer period by removing the cap of the base hole, cleaning the base hole, the drilling hole, and the water conduit and removing the deposit.
また請求項２記載のナトム工法で施工されたトンネルの漏水対策工法によれば、１箇所において複数孔放射状に形成されているので広い範囲にわたって湧水を排水することができる。 Further, according to the tunnel leakage countermeasure method constructed by the Natom method according to claim 2, the spring water can be drained over a wide range since it is formed in a plurality of holes radially at one place.
以下本発明の実施の一形態を図１ないし図５を参照して詳細に説明する。図１および図２はナトム工法で施工されたトンネル１で、地山２を掘削して、この内側にコンクリート３を吹き付け、この表面に防水シート５を取付け、この防水シート５の下部に排水材６をトンネル１の方向に沿って巻き付けて取付け、前記排水材６から車道７の中央に埋設された中央排水口８に排水すると共に、防水シート６の表面に覆工コンクリート４を設けたものである。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 show a tunnel 1 constructed by the Natom method, excavating a natural ground 2, spraying concrete 3 on the inside, attaching a waterproof sheet 5 to this surface, and draining material below the waterproof sheet 5 6 is wound and attached along the direction of the tunnel 1, drains from the drainage material 6 to a central drainage port 8 embedded in the center of the roadway 7, and is provided with lining concrete 4 on the surface of the waterproof sheet 6. is there.
排水材６は多孔質のスポンジ状で、吹き付けコンクリート３と防水シート５との間に流れ込んだ湧水を吸収して、トンネル１の方向に沿って流す作用をなすもので、例えば５０ｍおきに設けた横断排水管１０の先端を前記排水材６に接続し、下端を車道７の中央に埋設した中央排水口８に接続して常時湧水を排水するようになっている。 The drainage material 6 is in the form of a porous sponge that absorbs the spring water flowing between the sprayed concrete 3 and the waterproof sheet 5 and flows along the direction of the tunnel 1. For example, the drainage material 6 is provided every 50 m. The end of the transverse drainage pipe 10 is connected to the drainage material 6 and the lower end is connected to the central drainage port 8 embedded in the center of the roadway 7 so that the spring water is always drained.
施工後の経年によって、吹付けコンクリートから分離した石灰分や、湧水に含まれる鉄分あるいは微粒子等が排水材６などに沈積して目詰まりしてくると湧水が溜り、排水がスムーズに行われなくなって覆工コンクリート４の表面の亀裂から漏水が発生する。 Over time after construction, when lime separated from shotcrete, iron or fine particles contained in spring water deposits on drainage material 6 and becomes clogged, spring water accumulates and drains smoothly. Water is leaked from the cracks on the surface of the lining concrete 4 without being broken.
漏水が発生した場合、図３に示すように覆工コンクリート４の漏水個所の下の歩道１２をボーリングして円形に除去してベースホール１３を形成する。次にこのベースホール１３の底面の隅から排水材６に向かって斜め下向きにドリルで削孔し、排水材６に達する削孔１４を形成する。この場合、図４に示すように方向を変えて放射状に３本の削孔１４を削孔する。次に３本の削孔１４が崩れないように、図５に示すように内側にネット状のパイプ１５を挿着する。 When water leakage occurs, the base hole 13 is formed by boring the sidewalk 12 below the water leakage portion of the lining concrete 4 and removing it in a circular shape as shown in FIG. Next, a hole is drilled from the corner of the bottom surface of the base hole 13 obliquely downward toward the drainage material 6 so as to reach the drainage material 6. In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, the direction is changed and three holes 14 are formed radially. Next, a net-like pipe 15 is inserted on the inside as shown in FIG. 5 so that the three holes 14 do not collapse.
この後、図３に示すようにベースホール１３の横の歩道１２の表面をはつって、このはつった部分の車道側から脇に埋設されている側溝１６に向かって斜め下向きにドリルで削孔し、側溝１６の側面を貫通する削孔１４を形成する。次に図５に示すように歩道１２のはつった部分に、一端がベースホール１３に連通するパイプ１７ａを横に設けると共に、側溝１６の側面を貫通する削孔１４に斜めにパイプ１７ｂを挿着する。次にこの斜めのパイプ１７ｂと前記横のパイプ１７ａとの交差部分を接続して導水管１８を形成する。この後、ベースホール１３の上部にゴムのキャップ１９を着脱自在に取付けて密閉すると共に、歩道１２のはつった部分をモルタルで補修して対策を完了する。 Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3, the surface of the sidewalk 12 beside the base hole 13 is drilled and drilled obliquely downward toward the side groove 16 embedded in the side from the side of the roadway. Drilling holes 14 are formed through the side surfaces of the side grooves 16. Next, as shown in FIG. 5, a pipe 17 a whose one end communicates with the base hole 13 is provided laterally at the protruding portion of the sidewalk 12, and the pipe 17 b is inserted obliquely into the hole 14 penetrating the side surface of the side groove 16. To wear. Next, the water guide pipe 18 is formed by connecting the intersecting portions of the oblique pipe 17b and the horizontal pipe 17a. Thereafter, a rubber cap 19 is detachably attached to the upper portion of the base hole 13 and sealed, and the part of the sidewalk 12 is repaired with mortar to complete the countermeasure.
このような漏水対策工事を行なうと、吹き付けコンクリート３と防水シート５との間に流れ込んだ湧水は、スポンジ状の排水材６が目詰まりしても排水材６に達する削孔１４のパイプ１５と上部がキャップ１９で塞がれたベースホール１３を通り、導水管１８からサイホンの作用により排水材６の部分に溜った湧水は側溝１６に常時流れる。この結果、歩道１２より低い位置までしか湧水は溜らず覆工コンクリート４の表面からの漏水を防止することができる。更に削孔１４は図４に示すように３本放射状に形成されているので広い範囲にわたって湧水を排水することができる。 When such water leakage countermeasure construction is performed, the spring water flowing between the sprayed concrete 3 and the waterproof sheet 5 reaches the drainage 6 even if the sponge-like drainage 6 is clogged. Through the base hole 13 whose upper part is closed by the cap 19, the spring water accumulated in the drainage material 6 from the conduit pipe 18 by the action of the siphon always flows into the side groove 16. As a result, the spring water is accumulated only up to a position lower than the sidewalk 12, and leakage from the surface of the lining concrete 4 can be prevented. Furthermore, since the hole 14 is formed in three radial shapes as shown in FIG. 4, the spring water can be drained over a wide range.
従って従来の補修材注入管を予め埋め込んで、ここから補修材を注入・充填させて湧水の溜る部分を塞ぐ対策に比べて長期間漏水を防止することができる。この結果、覆工コンクリート４の漏水による壁面の汚れや、車道の凍結による交通障害を防止することができる。 Therefore, it is possible to prevent water leakage for a long period of time as compared with a countermeasure in which a conventional repairing material injection pipe is embedded in advance and then a repairing material is injected and filled to block a portion where spring water is accumulated. As a result, dirt on the wall surface due to water leakage of the lining concrete 4 and traffic obstacles due to freezing of the roadway can be prevented.
また漏水対策工事を行なっても、経年変化して削孔１４のパイプ１５と導水管１８が目詰まりして排水がスムーズに行われなくなってくることがある。このような場合にはベースホール１３のゴムのキャップ１９を取り外して、ベースホール１３や削孔１４のパイプ１５、導水管１８を清掃して沈積物を取り除くことにより、更に長期間に亘って漏水を防止することができる。 Even if water leakage countermeasure construction is performed, the pipe 15 and the water guide pipe 18 of the drilling hole 14 may be clogged over time, and the drainage may not be performed smoothly. In such a case, by removing the rubber cap 19 of the base hole 13 and cleaning the base hole 13, the pipe 15 of the drilling hole 14, and the water conduit 18 to remove the deposits, the water leaks for a longer period of time. Can be prevented.
このように車道７を最小限の規制で、歩道１２の上だけで漏水対策工事を進めることができるので、工事中もトンネル１内の車の通行が可能である。しかも歩道１２の上で１ｍ以下のボーリングとパイプの埋設、歩道表面の補修作業だけなので工期も短く、施工費用も安価である。 As described above, since the leakage prevention work can be carried out only on the sidewalk 12 with the minimum restriction on the roadway 7, the vehicle in the tunnel 1 can be passed even during the work. Moreover, since only boring and pipes of 1 m or less are buried on the sidewalk 12 and the sidewalk surface is repaired, the construction period is short and the construction cost is low.
なお上記説明では放射状に３本の削孔１４を削孔した場合について示したが、１本または２本、もしくは４本以上削孔しても良い。 In the above description, the case where three holes 14 are formed radially is shown, but one, two, or four or more holes may be formed.
また上記説明では吹き付けコンクリート３にロックボルトを打設しないナトム工法について説明したが、ロックボルトを打設したトンネル１についても適用することができる。 Moreover, although the said description demonstrated the natom method which does not drive a rock bolt in the spraying concrete 3, it is applicable also to the tunnel 1 which mounted the lock bolt.
１ トンネル
２ 地山
３ 吹き付けコンクリート
４ 覆工コンクリート
５ 防水シート
６ 排水材
７ 車道
８ 中央排水口
１０ 横断排水管
１２ 歩道
１３ ベースホール
１４ 削孔
１５ パイプ
１６ 側溝
１７ａ、１７ｂ パイプ
１８ 導水管
１９ キャップ
1 tunnel
2 Ground
3 Shotcrete
4 lining concrete
5 Tarpaulin
6 Drainage material
7 Roadway
8 Central drain
10 Transverse drainage pipe
12 Sidewalk
13 Base hole
14 Drilling
15 pipe
16 gutter
17a, 17b pipe
18 Water conduit
19 cap
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| JP2015054131A JP5982027B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | Water leakage countermeasures for tunnels constructed by the Natom method |
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| JP2016173003A JP2016173003A (en) | 2016-09-29 |
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| CN107421866A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-12-01 | 浙江大学 | A kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel draining seepage state |
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