JP5965073B2 - バイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化方法および装置 - Google Patents
バイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
2 余熱熱交換器
3 余熱ボイラ
4 サイクロン除塵器
5 ガス洗浄塔
6 圧縮器
7 変換反応塔
8 脱硫塔
9 合成ガス脱炭塔
10 触媒合成塔
11 排気脱炭塔
12 ガスホルダ
13 ブロワ
14 燃料
15 外部補助エネルギ入口
16 補助ガス化剤入口
17 供給入口
18 合成ガス出口
19 ガス化剤分配板
20 主要ガス化剤入口
21 スラグ排出口
22 供給装置
23 スラグ冷却器
24 蒸気
25 コールドスラグ
26 フライアッシュ
27 合成油製品
28 合成排気
29 CO2気体
30 合成ガス
31 排ガス
32 起動か焼炉
33 石灰石
Claims (13)
- バイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化方法であって、CO2をガス化剤として使用して、バイオマス燃料をガス化させることにより合成ガスを生成し、且つ、合成ガスを利用して合成油製品を生成することにより、無酸素でのガス化循環を全体で可能にするものであり、
1)合成ガスに含まれるCO2を回収し、後続の工程で生成されたCO2をガス化剤として利用し、外部補助エネルギ源の作用下でバイオマス燃料に強力ガス化反応を生じさせて、CO、CO2、CH4、H2、H2O、H2S、COSを主要成分とする高温合成ガスを生成するガス化工程と、
2)生成された高温合成ガスに二段階熱交換器を介して冷却処理を行い、一次熱交換器では前記ガス化剤CO2を冷却媒体として利用して、ガス化剤としてのCO2を予熱し、二次熱交換器では水を冷媒として利用して副産物として水蒸気を得る冷却工程と、
3)二段階熱交換により冷却された合成ガスをサイクロン除塵およびガス洗浄塔に送って洗浄処理を行い、更に冷却されたクリーンな合成ガスを得る洗浄工程と、
4)得られたクリーンな合成ガスおよび上記副産物の水蒸気に水性ガスシフト反応を行い、その中のCOをH2およびCO2に転化させて、クリーンな合成ガスの品質を触媒合成反応で要求されるH2/CO比範囲に調質する変換反応工程と、
5)調質後のクリーンな合成ガスに脱硫処理を行い、その中のH2SおよびCOSを除去する脱硫工程と、
6)脱硫後のクリーンな合成ガスに脱炭処理を行い、その中のCO2を分離する合成ガス脱炭工程と、
7)脱硫および脱炭後のクリーンな合成ガスに触媒変換反応を行い、合成油製品およびCO2に富む排気を生成する触媒合成工程と、
8)生成された排気に脱炭処理を行い、その中のCO2を分離するとともに、温室効果ガスが存在しない排ガスを直接又は処理後に外部に排出する排気脱炭工程と、
9)前記工程6および工程8で分離されたCO2を工程2の一次熱交換器に冷却媒体として導入し、高温合成ガスの冷却によりガス化剤CO2を予熱し、工程1のガス化反応で再利用することにより、循環によって最終的に方法全体で温室効果ガスの排出ゼロを達成するガス化剤循環工程と
を含む方法。 - 前記工程1において、ガス化反応温度は600〜1300℃であり、高温合成ガス出口温度は700〜1100℃である、請求項1のバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化方法。
- 前記工程1において、ガス化反応温度は850〜1250℃であり、高温合成ガス出口温度は850〜1100℃である、請求項1のバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化方法。
- 前記工程1において、前記外部補助エネルギ源はプラズマトーチ、マイクロ波エネルギ、太陽エネルギ、レーザエネルギ、電気誘導エネルギ、またはそれらの組合せであり、前記外部補助エネルギ源は単位時間当たりで炉に供給される原料の合計エネルギの10〜30%を占める、請求項1乃至3のいずれかのバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化方法。
- 前記工程1において、前記外部補助エネルギ源は単位時間当たりで炉に供給される原料の合計エネルギの15〜20%を占める、無酸素でバイオマス燃料のガス化からの二酸化炭素を循環させる請求項4のバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化方法。
- 前記工程1において、ガス化剤CO2の消費量と単位標準状態での合成ガス収量の比は0.36〜0.51である、請求項1乃至3のいずれかのバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化方法。
- 前記工程1において、バイオマス燃料の粒径は50mm未満であり、ガス化剤CO2の噴出口流速は30〜60m/sである、請求項1乃至3のいずれかのバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化方法。
- 前記工程2において、一次熱交換器を通過するガス化剤CO2は350〜600℃に予熱される、請求項1乃至3のいずれかのバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化方法。
- 前記工程4において、調質されたクリーンな合成ガスの成分はH2/COが2:1である、請求項1のバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化方法。
- 請求項1の方法を使用するように構成されるバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化システムであって、ガス化炉(1)と、余熱熱交換器(2)と、余熱ボイラ(3)と、サイクロン除塵器(4)と、ガス洗浄塔(5)と、変換反応塔(7)と、脱硫塔(8)と、合成ガス脱炭塔(9)と、触媒合成塔(10)と、排気脱炭塔(11)とを含み、
前記ガス化炉(1)の合成ガス出口(18)は前記余熱熱交換器(2)の熱媒体入口と連結され、前記余熱熱交換器(2)の熱媒体出口は前記余熱ボイラ(3)の熱源入口と連結され、前記余熱ボイラ(3)の熱源出口は前記サイクロン除塵器(4)のガス入口と連結され、前記サイクロン除塵器(4)のガス出口は前記ガス洗浄塔(5)の入口と連結され、前記ガス洗浄塔(5)の出口は圧縮器(6)を介して前記変換反応塔(7)のガス入口と連結され、前記余熱ボイラ(3)の蒸気出口は前記変換反応塔(7)の蒸気入口と連結されており、
前記変換反応塔(7)の蒸気出口は脱硫塔(8)の入口と連結され、前記脱硫塔(8)の出口は合成ガス脱炭塔(9)の入口と連結され、前記合成ガス脱炭塔(9)の出口は触媒合成塔(10)の原料入口と連結され、前記触媒合成塔(10)の副産物出口は排気脱炭塔(11)の排気入口と連結され、前記排気脱炭塔(11)および合成ガス脱炭塔(9)のCO2出口はいずれも余熱熱交換器(2)の冷媒入口と連結され、前記余熱熱交換器(2)の冷媒出口はガス化(1)のガス化剤入口と連結される
システム。 - 前記排気脱炭塔(11)および合成ガス脱炭塔(9)のCO2出口はいずれもガスホルダ(12)の入口と連結され、前記ガスホルダ(12)の出口はブロワ(13)を介して余熱熱交換器(2)の冷媒入口と連結される、請求項10のバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化システム。
- 前記ガスホルダ(12)の入口は始動か焼炉(32)のCO2出口と連結される、請求項11のバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化システム。
- 前記ガス化炉(1)の内室下部にガス化剤分配板(19)が設けられ、前記ガス化剤分配板(19)の下方の炉壁には主要ガス化剤入口(20)が設けられ、前記ガス化剤分配板(19)の上方の炉壁には補助ガス化剤入口(16)が設けられ、前記補助ガス化剤入口(16)の上方の炉壁には外部補助エネルギ入口(15)が設けられ、前記余熱熱交換器(2)の冷媒出口は二路に分かれ、一方は主要ガス化剤入口(20)と連結され、他方は補助ガス化剤入口(16)と連結される、請求項10乃至12のいずれかのバイオマス燃料の二酸化炭素の循環による無酸素ガス化システム。
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