JP5961296B2 - Method of overlaying stainless steel for welding - Google Patents

Method of overlaying stainless steel for welding Download PDF

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JP5961296B2
JP5961296B2 JP2015057596A JP2015057596A JP5961296B2 JP 5961296 B2 JP5961296 B2 JP 5961296B2 JP 2015057596 A JP2015057596 A JP 2015057596A JP 2015057596 A JP2015057596 A JP 2015057596A JP 5961296 B2 JP5961296 B2 JP 5961296B2
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正則 御幸
正則 御幸
王 昆
昆 王
轟 秀和
秀和 轟
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Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co Ltd
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本発明は、炭素鋼へのステンレス鋼の肉盛溶接において、高温割れが防止されるとともに、溶接金属部において高耐食性が得られる溶接用ステンレス鋼の肉盛方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for overlaying stainless steel for welding that prevents high-temperature cracking and provides high corrosion resistance in a weld metal portion in overlay welding of stainless steel to carbon steel.

一般に、構造用炭素鋼部材に対して、耐食性、耐熱性、耐摩耗性等を部分的に付与する目的で、ステンレス鋼の肉盛溶接が行われている。肉盛溶接は、部材全体をこのような特性を持った鋼材で作製すると高価となる場合や、部材全体をこのような特性を持った鋼材で作製することが困難である場合、また、部材に生じた摩耗を補修する場合等に用いられる。一般的な構造用炭素鋼へのステンレス鋼の肉盛溶接には、溶接材料(溶接棒、溶接芯線、バンドア−ク鋼帯など)としてオ−ステナイト系ステンレス鋼(特許文献1参照)や、1〜5%程度のδフェライトを含有させた材料(特許文献2参照)が用いられる。溶接金属部にδフェライトが存在すると、PやS等の偏析が抑制され、高温割れの防止に有効であることはよく知られており、溶接性向上のために、溶接材料の高δフェライト化が求められている。   In general, overlay welding of stainless steel is performed for the purpose of partially imparting corrosion resistance, heat resistance, wear resistance and the like to structural carbon steel members. Overlay welding is expensive when the entire member is made of steel with such characteristics, or when it is difficult to make the entire member with steel having such characteristics. It is used when repairing the generated wear. For overlay welding of stainless steel to a general structural carbon steel, austenitic stainless steel (see Patent Document 1) or 1 as a welding material (welding rod, welding core wire, band arc steel strip, etc.) A material containing about 5% of δ ferrite (see Patent Document 2) is used. It is well known that when δ ferrite is present in the weld metal part, segregation of P, S, etc. is suppressed, and it is effective in preventing high temperature cracking. Is required.

高δフェライト含有のステンレス鋼を溶接材として用いて、SS400、S45C、SCM415等からなる炭素鋼部材に対して肉盛溶接を行うと、溶融した炭素鋼部材の表面に溶接材が溶着して溶接金属部が形成される。炭素鋼部材表面の溶接金属部では、溶接材であるステンレス鋼の成分であるCrが溶融した炭素鋼部材に拡散するため、溶接金属部ではCr量が低下して希釈されており、溶接金属部の耐食性が低下し易い。これに対し、Cr量の低下を防ぐため、フラックス等にCrを含有させて、溶接時にフラックスから溶接金属部へCrが供給されるような方法も開発されている(特許文献3参照)。   When overlay welding is performed on a carbon steel member made of SS400, S45C, SCM415, etc. using high δ ferritic stainless steel as the welding material, the welding material is welded to the surface of the molten carbon steel member and welded. A metal part is formed. In the weld metal part on the surface of the carbon steel member, Cr, which is a component of stainless steel as the welding material, diffuses into the melted carbon steel member, so the weld metal part is diluted with a reduced amount of Cr. The corrosion resistance of the steel tends to decrease. On the other hand, in order to prevent a decrease in the amount of Cr, a method has been developed in which Cr is contained in a flux or the like, and Cr is supplied from the flux to the weld metal part during welding (see Patent Document 3).

特開平8−319541号公報JP-A-8-319541 特開2001−214254号公報JP 2001-214254 A 特開2010−234395号公報JP 2010-234395 A

δフェライトは高温割れの防止に有効であるが、δフェライトを多く含有するステンレス鋼は、熱間加工性が悪く熱間圧延時に耳割れが発生し易い。このため、高δフェライト含有ステンレス鋼は難加工性材料であり、薄板への加工時に耳割れが発生し、歩留りが低下するなど製造が困難である。また、ステンレス鋼の高δフェライト化には、CrやMo等の添加量を増やし、NiやNの添加量を低くすることによりδフェライトを生成させて行うが、スラブや熱延板等の冷却時にσ相等の金属間化合物が析出して脆化を招くため、割れが発生しやすい。   δ ferrite is effective in preventing hot cracking, but stainless steel containing a large amount of δ ferrite has poor hot workability and is liable to generate ear cracks during hot rolling. For this reason, high δ ferrite-containing stainless steel is a difficult-to-work material, and it is difficult to manufacture due to the occurrence of ear cracks when processing into thin plates and the yield is reduced. In addition, high δ ferritization of stainless steel is performed by increasing the addition amount of Cr, Mo, etc., and lowering the addition amount of Ni or N to generate δ ferrite, but cooling slabs, hot rolled plates, etc. Occasionally, intermetallic compounds such as sigma phase precipitate and cause embrittlement, so that cracking is likely to occur.

また、上記のようなフラックスから溶接金属部へCrを供給する方法では、溶接金属部に安定してCrを供給することが難しく、溶接部位の耐食性にばらつきが生じる原因となる。さらに、被覆アーク溶接では、溶接後にフラックスにより生成される溶接金属部表面のスラグに6価Crが残存し易く、環境や安全の観点から好ましくない。   Moreover, in the method of supplying Cr from the flux as described above to the weld metal part, it is difficult to stably supply Cr to the weld metal part, which causes variations in the corrosion resistance of the welded part. Furthermore, in the covering arc welding, hexavalent Cr tends to remain in the slag on the surface of the weld metal portion generated by the flux after welding, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of environment and safety.

このような背景から、本発明は、炭素鋼部材へのステンレス鋼の肉盛溶接において、高温割れが防止されるとともに、溶接金属部において高耐食性が得られる溶接用ステンレス鋼およびこれを用いた肉盛方法を提供することを目的としている。   From such a background, the present invention provides a stainless steel for welding that can prevent high-temperature cracking and achieve high corrosion resistance in a weld metal part in overlay welding of stainless steel to a carbon steel member, and a meat using the same. The purpose is to provide a prime method.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明者らは、溶接性向上の観点からδフェライト量、溶接金属部の耐食性向上の観点からCr量に着目し、高δフェライト・高Cr含有ステンレス鋼について、熱間加工性、製造性、溶接性、σ析出挙動について調査および研究を行った。一般に、δフェライト量が高くなると、溶接時の高温割れを防止することができるが、その一方で、熱間加工時に割れが発生し易くなる。特に、δフェライトが15体積%以上になると、従来のステンレス鋼では、熱間加工割れが顕著となって製造が困難となっている。したがって、ステンレス鋼中のδフェライト量を適切な範囲に規定することが重要である。また、炭素鋼に対してステンレス鋼を溶接材として肉盛溶接を行うと、ステンレス鋼中のCrが溶融した炭素鋼に移動し、溶接金属部ではステンレス鋼のCrが希釈されるため、ステンレス鋼中のCr量は多い方が良い。通常、炭素鋼に肉盛を行う場合は、10〜30%程度希釈される。しかしながら、Cr量が26質量%以上と高濃度になると、スラブや熱延板等の冷却過程でσ相などの金属間化合物が析出し易くなり、脆化による割れが起こり易くなってしまう。   In order to solve the above problems, the inventors focused on the amount of δ ferrite from the viewpoint of improving weldability and the amount of Cr from the viewpoint of improving the corrosion resistance of the weld metal part. We investigated and studied the inter-workability, manufacturability, weldability, and σ precipitation behavior. In general, when the amount of δ ferrite increases, hot cracking during welding can be prevented, but cracking tends to occur during hot working. In particular, when the δ ferrite is 15% by volume or more, the conventional stainless steel is prone to hot work cracking and is difficult to manufacture. Therefore, it is important to define the amount of δ ferrite in the stainless steel within an appropriate range. In addition, when overlay welding is performed on carbon steel using stainless steel as the welding material, Cr in the stainless steel moves to the molten carbon steel and Cr in the stainless steel is diluted in the weld metal part. A larger amount of Cr is better. Usually, when carbon steel is overlaid, it is diluted by about 10 to 30%. However, when the Cr content is as high as 26% by mass or more, intermetallic compounds such as the σ phase are likely to precipitate during the cooling process of slabs and hot-rolled sheets, and cracking due to embrittlement is likely to occur.

そこで、本発明者らは、ステンレス鋼のNi当量とCr当量のバランスを検討し、C、Si、Mn、Nの成分で調整することによってδフェライト量およびCr量の好適な範囲を求めた。Ni当量およびCr当量は、溶接金属中のδフェライト量を推定する計算式として広く用いられている式を利用し、Ni当量(質量%)=Ni+30×C+0.5×Mn+30×N、Cr当量(質量%)=Cr+1.5×Siにより求めた。また、本発明者らが溶接金属中のδフェライト量について研究を行ったところ、本発明におけるδフェライト量の範囲では、δフェライト量(体積%)=2.8(1.5Si+Cr)−2.5(30C+30N+0.5Mn+Ni)−14.1が成り立つことが判明した。なお、各式における化学記号は当該化学成分の含有量(質量%)を示す。   Therefore, the present inventors examined the balance between the Ni equivalent and Cr equivalent of stainless steel, and determined suitable ranges for the amount of δ ferrite and Cr by adjusting with the components of C, Si, Mn, and N. Ni equivalent and Cr equivalent use a formula widely used as a calculation formula for estimating the amount of δ ferrite in the weld metal, Ni equivalent (mass%) = Ni + 30 × C + 0.5 × Mn + 30 × N, Cr equivalent ( (Mass%) = Cr + 1.5 × Si. Further, when the present inventors have studied the amount of δ ferrite in the weld metal, the amount of δ ferrite (volume%) = 2.8 (1.5 Si + Cr) −2. 5 (30C + 30N + 0.5Mn + Ni) -14.1 was found to hold. In addition, the chemical symbol in each formula shows content (mass%) of the said chemical component.

以上の検討結果から、次の成分を持つ鋼であれば、希釈された溶接金属部においても20質量%以上%以上のCrが含有され、溶接金属部の耐食性が向上されるステンレス鋼が得られることが明らかとなった。すなわち、本発明の溶接用ステンレス鋼は、質量%で、C:0.02〜0.08%、Si:0.2〜1.0%、Mn:1.2〜2.0%、P:0.03%以下、S:0.005%以下、Ni:13〜15%、Cr:24〜30%、N:0.02〜0.15%を含有し、残部はFe及び不可避的不純物からなり、かつ下記数1、数2を満足することを特徴とし、その肉盛方法は、この溶接用ステンレス鋼を溶融させることにより、Crが2質量%未満の構造用鉄鋼材料に対して肉盛りすることを特徴とする。   From the above examination results, if the steel has the following components, the diluted weld metal part contains 20% by mass or more of Cr, and a stainless steel that improves the corrosion resistance of the weld metal part is obtained. It became clear. That is, the welding stainless steel of the present invention is in mass%, C: 0.02 to 0.08%, Si: 0.2 to 1.0%, Mn: 1.2 to 2.0%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Ni: 13-15%, Cr: 24-30%, N: 0.02-0.15%, the balance from Fe and inevitable impurities And the following methods 1 and 2 are satisfied, and the overlaying method is to build up the structural steel material having a Cr content of less than 2% by mass by melting the welding stainless steel. It is characterized by doing.

Figure 0005961296
Figure 0005961296

Figure 0005961296
Figure 0005961296

以下、本発明の溶接用ステンレス鋼の数値限定の根拠を本発明の作用とともに説明する。なお、本発明においては、特に断りのない限り、「%」は「質量%」を表す。   Hereinafter, the grounds for limiting the numerical values of the welding stainless steel of the present invention will be described together with the operation of the present invention. In the present invention, “%” represents “% by mass” unless otherwise specified.

C:0.02〜0.08%
C含有量が低下すると、炭化物の生成が少なくなりステンレス鋼の加工性が向上するため、C含有量は0.08%以下とする。一方、Cはδフェライトの過剰な生成を抑制する元素であるため、0.02%以上必要である。したがって、Cの含有量は0.02〜0.08%とする。
C: 0.02 to 0.08%
When the C content decreases, the production of carbides decreases and the workability of stainless steel improves, so the C content is set to 0.08% or less. On the other hand, C is an element that suppresses excessive generation of δ ferrite, so 0.02% or more is necessary. Therefore, the C content is 0.02 to 0.08%.

Si:0.2〜1.0%
Siは、σ相などの金属間化合物の析出を抑制する上で低減させる必要があり、また、溶接時の湯流れ性を低下させる。また、多量のSiは、δフェライトを過剰に生成し、熱間加工性を低下させる。このため、Si含有量は1.0%以下とする。一方、Siは脱酸に必要であるため、0.2%以上添加することが必要である。このため、Siの含有量は0.2〜1.0%とする。
Si: 0.2 to 1.0%
Si needs to be reduced in order to suppress the precipitation of intermetallic compounds such as the σ phase, and lowers the flow of molten metal during welding. In addition, a large amount of Si excessively generates δ ferrite and reduces hot workability. For this reason, Si content shall be 1.0% or less. On the other hand, since Si is necessary for deoxidation, it is necessary to add 0.2% or more. For this reason, content of Si shall be 0.2-1.0%.

Mn:1.2〜2.0%
MnもSi同様にσ相などの金属間化合物の析出を抑制する上で低減させる必要があるため、その含有量を2.0%以下とする。一方、Mnはδフェライトの過剰な生成を抑制する効果があるため、1.2%以上添加することが必要である。このため、Mnの含有量は1.2〜2.0%とする。
Mn: 1.2 to 2.0%
Mn needs to be reduced in order to suppress precipitation of intermetallic compounds such as the σ phase, like Si, so its content is made 2.0% or less. On the other hand, since Mn has an effect of suppressing excessive generation of δ ferrite, it is necessary to add 1.2% or more. For this reason, content of Mn shall be 1.2 to 2.0%.

P:0.03%以下
Pは不純物として不可避的に混入する元素であり、結晶粒界に偏析しやすく、熱間加工性や溶接における高温割れを防止する観点から、少ないほうが望ましい。しかし、Pの含有量を極端に低減させることは原料コストや精錬等の製造コストの増加を招く。そこで、Pの含有量は0.03%以下とする。
P: 0.03% or less
P is an element that is inevitably mixed in as an impurity, and is preferably segregated at the grain boundary, and is preferably as small as possible from the viewpoint of preventing hot workability and hot cracking in welding. However, extremely reducing the P content causes an increase in raw material costs and manufacturing costs such as refining. Therefore, the P content is 0.03% or less.

S:0.005%以下
SはPと同様に不純物として不可避的に混入する元素であり、結晶粒界に偏析しやすく、熱間加工性や溶接における高温割れを防止する観点から、少ないほうが望ましい。特に、0.005%を超えて含有させると、その影響が顕著となる。そのため、Sの含有量は0.005%以下とする。好ましくは、0.003%以下とする。
S: 0.005% or less
S is an element that is inevitably mixed as an impurity like P, and is preferably segregated at the grain boundaries, and is preferably as small as possible from the viewpoint of preventing hot workability and hot cracking in welding. In particular, when the content exceeds 0.005%, the influence becomes remarkable. Therefore, the content of S is set to 0.005% or less. Preferably, it is 0.003% or less.

Ni:13〜15%
Niはσ相などの金属間化合物を抑制する上で有効な元素であり、その含有量が13%未満であると、σ相が析出し易くなり、δフェライトが過剰に生成されて、熱間加工性が低下する。一方、Ni含有量が15%を超えると、δフェライトの生成が抑制されるため、所望のδフェライト量が得られず、溶接金属部の高温割れ感受性が高まる。よって、Niの含有量は、13〜15%とする。
Ni: 13-15%
Ni is an element effective in suppressing intermetallic compounds such as the σ phase. If the content is less than 13%, the σ phase is likely to precipitate, δ ferrite is excessively generated, Workability is reduced. On the other hand, if the Ni content exceeds 15%, the formation of δ ferrite is suppressed, so that the desired amount of δ ferrite cannot be obtained, and the hot cracking susceptibility of the weld metal part increases. Therefore, the Ni content is 13 to 15%.

Cr:24〜30%
Crは耐食性の向上に有効な元素である。δフェライトを十分に生成させ、かつ、耐食性を確保するために、溶接金属部に20%以上のCrを含有させることが望ましい。このため、溶接金属部での希釈を考慮して、溶接材であるステンレス鋼にはCrを24%以上含有させる必要がある。しかしながら、30%を超えて含有させると、スラブ等の冷却過程でσ相などの金属間化合物が析出しやすく、脆化し、割れが起こり易くなる。そこで、Crの含有量は24〜30%とする。より好ましくは、25〜28wt%である。
Cr: 24-30%
Cr is an element effective for improving corrosion resistance. In order to sufficiently generate δ ferrite and to ensure corrosion resistance, it is desirable to contain 20% or more of Cr in the weld metal part. For this reason, it is necessary to contain 24% or more of Cr in the stainless steel as the welding material in consideration of dilution in the weld metal part. However, if the content exceeds 30%, intermetallic compounds such as σ phase are likely to precipitate during the cooling process of slabs, etc., and become brittle and easily cracked. Therefore, the Cr content is 24 to 30%. More preferably, it is 25-28 wt%.

N:0.02〜0.15%
NはCrと同様に耐食性を向上させるとともに、δフェライトの過剰な生成を抑制するのに有効な元素であり、その効果を得るには0.02%以上含有させる必要がある。しかしながら、0.15%を超えて含有させると、熱間変形抵抗が上昇して熱間加工性を低下させる。また、Nの含有量が大きいと、Ni当量が増え、Cr当量とのバランスが崩れて、溶接金属部での所望のδフェライト量を確保することが難しくなる。このため、Nの含有量は0.02〜0.15%とする。より好ましくは、0.04〜0.12%である。
N: 0.02-0.15%
N, like Cr, improves the corrosion resistance and is an effective element for suppressing the excessive formation of δ ferrite. To obtain this effect, N must be contained in an amount of 0.02% or more. However, when the content exceeds 0.15%, the hot deformation resistance is increased and the hot workability is decreased. On the other hand, if the N content is large, the Ni equivalent increases, the balance with the Cr equivalent is lost, and it becomes difficult to secure a desired amount of δ ferrite in the weld metal part. Therefore, the N content is 0.02 to 0.15%. More preferably, it is 0.04 to 0.12%.

Ni当量(質量%):15〜22
Ni当量は、Ni当量=Ni+30×C+0.5×Mn+30×Nにより求められるが、 15未満であると、σ相が析出し易くなり脆化し割れ易くなる。一方、Ni当量が22を超えると、所望のδフェライト量が得難くなる。
Ni equivalent (mass%): 15-22
The Ni equivalent is determined by Ni equivalent = Ni + 30 × C + 0.5 × Mn + 30 × N. However, when it is less than 15, the σ phase is likely to precipitate and become brittle and easily cracked. On the other hand, if the Ni equivalent exceeds 22, the desired amount of δ ferrite is difficult to obtain.

Cr当量(質量%):24〜30
Cr当量は、Cr当量=Cr+1.5×Siにより求められる。Cr当量が24未満であると、所望のδフェライト量を得難くなる。一方、Cr当量が30を超えると、σ相が析出し、脆化する。
Cr equivalent (mass%): 24-30
The Cr equivalent is determined by Cr equivalent = Cr + 1.5 × Si. If the Cr equivalent is less than 24, it is difficult to obtain a desired amount of δ ferrite. On the other hand, when the Cr equivalent exceeds 30, the σ phase precipitates and becomes brittle.

δフェライト量(体積%):12〜19
本発明におけるδフェライト量の範囲では、δフェライト量(体積%)=2.8(1.5Si+Cr)−2.5(30C+30N+0.5Mn+Ni)−14.1が成り立つ。炭素鋼に対するステンレス鋼の異種溶接においては、溶接金属部のδフェライト量の増加に伴い高温割れが低減される。このため、この式により推定されるδフェライト量が12未満であると、δフェライト量が不十分となり、高温割れの抑制効果が小さくなる。また、δフェライト量が19を超えると、熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、δフェライト量は12〜19とする。
δ ferrite content (volume%): 12-19
In the range of the amount of δ ferrite in the present invention, the amount of δ ferrite (volume%) = 2.8 (1.5Si + Cr) −2.5 (30C + 30N + 0.5Mn + Ni) −14.1 holds. In dissimilar welding of stainless steel to carbon steel, hot cracking is reduced as the amount of δ ferrite in the weld metal part increases. For this reason, when the amount of δ ferrite estimated by this equation is less than 12, the amount of δ ferrite becomes insufficient, and the effect of suppressing high temperature cracking is reduced. On the other hand, if the amount of δ ferrite exceeds 19, the hot workability deteriorates. Therefore, the amount of δ ferrite is 12-19.

このように、本発明の溶接用ステンレス鋼を、数1、数2を満たす量の上記成分組成とすることにより、母材である炭素鋼との希釈を受ける溶接金属部において、2体積%以上のδフェライトを含有させることができる。したがって、溶接時の高温割れを防止することができる。   Thus, by making the welding stainless steel of the present invention into the above component composition in an amount satisfying Equations 1 and 2, in the weld metal part that undergoes dilution with the carbon steel that is the base material, 2 vol% or more Of δ ferrite can be contained. Therefore, hot cracking during welding can be prevented.

また、本発明の溶接用ステンレス鋼は、Crを多量に含有するため、SS400、S45C、SCM415等の一般的なCr濃度の鉄鋼材料に肉盛溶接を行っても、溶接金属部のCr量を20%以上とすることができ、溶接金属部の耐食性を確保することができる。このため、本発明の溶接用ステンレス鋼は、Crが2%未満の構造用鉄鋼材料に肉盛溶接を行うことが好ましい。また、本発明の溶接用ステンレス鋼を、サブマージアーク溶接、被覆アーク溶接、エレクトロスラグ溶接、フラックスコアドワイヤーによるマグ溶接、ソリッドワイヤーによるミグ溶接、ティグ溶接のいずれかの溶接法によって溶融させることが好ましい。   In addition, since the stainless steel for welding of the present invention contains a large amount of Cr, even if overlay welding is performed on a steel material having a general Cr concentration such as SS400, S45C, SCM415, etc., the amount of Cr in the weld metal portion is reduced. It can be 20% or more, and the corrosion resistance of the weld metal part can be ensured. For this reason, it is preferable that the stainless steel for welding of the present invention performs overlay welding on a structural steel material having Cr of less than 2%. Further, the welding stainless steel of the present invention is preferably melted by any one of submerged arc welding, covering arc welding, electroslag welding, mag welding by flux cored wire, MIG welding by solid wire, and TIG welding. .

本発明によれば、炭素鋼部材へのステンレス鋼の肉盛溶接において、高温割れが防止されるとともに、溶接金属部において高耐食性が得られる溶接用ステンレス鋼を得ることができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the stainless steel for welding which can prevent a high temperature crack in the overlay welding of the stainless steel to a carbon steel member, and can obtain high corrosion resistance in a weld metal part can be obtained.

実施例で用いた試料のδフェライト量とCr量との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between (delta) ferrite amount and Cr amount of the sample used in the Example.

以下、本発明の溶接用ステンレス鋼についてさらに詳細に説明する。本発明の溶接用ステンレス鋼は、工業的に利用されている従来の方法によって製造することが可能である。最も工業的に望ましいのは、60トンなど実機規模にて、製造するのが効率的かつ経済的である。まず、鉄屑、ステンレス屑、フェロクロム、フェロニッケル、純ニッケル、メタリッククロムなどの原料を、電気炉で溶解する。次に、AOD(Argon Oxygen Decarburization)および/またはVOD(Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization)において、酸素を吹精し、脱炭精錬する。AODの煉瓦はマグクロあるいはドロマイトなどMgO含有耐火物が好ましい。VODの取鍋は、マグクロあるいはドロマイトなどMgO含有耐火物が好ましい。AODの場合は希釈ガスにArおよび/または窒素を用いるのが良い。また、AODにおいては、上から減圧用に炉内を排気可能な蓋を被せて、脱炭末期に減圧下において、Arを吹精しながら強撹拌し、スラグ中に形成したCr酸化物と溶鋼中のCを積極的に反応させて、脱炭しても構わない。   Hereinafter, the welding stainless steel of the present invention will be described in more detail. The stainless steel for welding according to the present invention can be produced by a conventional method used industrially. Most industrially desirable is efficient and economical to manufacture on a real scale such as 60 tons. First, raw materials such as iron scrap, stainless steel scrap, ferrochrome, ferronickel, pure nickel, and metallic chromium are melted in an electric furnace. Next, oxygen is blown and decarburized and refined in AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) and / or VOD (Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization). The AOD brick is preferably a MgO-containing refractory such as magchrom or dolomite. The VOD ladle is preferably a MgO-containing refractory such as magcro or dolomite. In the case of AOD, it is preferable to use Ar and / or nitrogen as the dilution gas. In addition, in AOD, a lid capable of exhausting the inside of the furnace for pressure reduction is covered from above, and Cr is formed in the slag and molten steel with strong stirring while blowing Ar under reduced pressure at the end of decarburization. It is possible to decarburize by positively reacting C therein.

脱炭後、FeSi合金および/またはAlを投入して、スラグ中のCr酸化物を還元する。その後、石灰石、蛍石を添加して、CaO−SiO−Al−MgO系スラグを形成して、脱酸、脱硫を行い、必要に応じて、窒素ガスを吹き込み、溶鋼中窒素濃度を、所望の範囲に制御する。S:0.005%以下に制御するために、スラグ組成は塩基度質量%CaO/質量%SiO比率:2〜6が望ましい。2未満であると、スラグのS許容能力が足りずに、Sが0.005%を超えて高くなってしまい、熱間加工性が低下する。塩基度が6を超えて高いと滓化性に劣り、逆にスラグの流動性を低下させ、脱硫に不利になることで、Sが0.005%を超えて高くなってしまう。MgOは3〜8%が望ましい。MgOが3%未満では、煉瓦の溶損が進行し、炉の寿命が短くなる。MgOが8%を超えて高いと、MgOが還元されて、溶鋼中にMgが供給され、非金属介在物がMgO・Alスピネルとなりやすい。このスピネル介在物はタンディッシュから連続鋳造の鋳型に注湯する浸漬ノズルの内壁に付着して、堆積し、脱落すると、数百μm〜数mmのサイズの大型介在物として、スラブ中に捕捉される。このようになってしまうと、鋼板の表面、あるいは鋼板内部に欠陥をもたらしてしまうので、MgOは3〜8%が望ましい。 After decarburization, FeSi alloy and / or Al is added to reduce Cr oxide in the slag. Thereafter, limestone and fluorite are added to form a CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO-based slag, deoxidation and desulfurization are performed, and if necessary, nitrogen gas is blown, and the nitrogen concentration in the molten steel Is controlled to a desired range. S: To control 0.005% or less, the slag composition basicity wt% CaO / mass% SiO 2 ratio: 2-6 is desirable. If it is less than 2, the S permissible capacity of the slag is insufficient, and S exceeds 0.005%, resulting in a decrease in hot workability. If the basicity is higher than 6, the hatchability is inferior, and conversely, the fluidity of the slag is lowered and disadvantageous for desulfurization, so that S becomes higher than 0.005%. 3-8% of MgO is desirable. If MgO is less than 3%, brick melting progresses and the furnace life is shortened. When MgO is higher than 8%, MgO is reduced, Mg is supplied into the molten steel, and the non-metallic inclusions tend to be MgO.Al 2 O 3 spinel. The spinel inclusions adhere to the inner wall of the immersion nozzle that pours from a tundish into a continuous casting mold, and when they are deposited and dropped, they are trapped in the slab as large inclusions of several hundred μm to several mm in size. The If it becomes like this, since the defect is brought about on the surface of a steel plate, or the inside of a steel plate, 3-8% of MgO is desirable.

このようにして、精錬して化学成分を所望の範囲に制御した溶鋼を、連続鋳造機で鋳造し、スラブを得る。連続鋳造スラブを冷却する際の冷却速度は、700℃に至るまで1℃/min以上とする。なお、1℃/min未満で冷却すると、スラブ中でσ相が形成し、脆化し易くなる。さらに、得られたスラブを熱間圧延し、熱延板を製造する。熱間圧延においては、その熱延過程にて鋼が900から700℃まで冷却される温度域を10℃/min以上で冷却する。なお、10℃/min未満で冷却すると、σ相が形成し、脆化し易くなる。もちろん、高周波誘導炉を用いて、電解鉄、純クロム、純ニッケル、窒化フェロクロム、フェロシリコン、純マンガンなどの原料を溶解して、鋼塊を作製しても構わない。   Thus, the molten steel which refined and controlled the chemical component to the desired range is cast with a continuous casting machine, and a slab is obtained. The cooling rate when cooling the continuously cast slab is set to 1 ° C./min or more until reaching 700 ° C. When cooled at less than 1 ° C./min, a σ phase is formed in the slab, and becomes brittle. Furthermore, the obtained slab is hot-rolled to produce a hot-rolled sheet. In hot rolling, the temperature range in which the steel is cooled from 900 to 700 ° C. in the hot rolling process is cooled at 10 ° C./min or more. In addition, when it cools at less than 10 degrees C / min, a (sigma) phase will form and it will become easy to embrittle. Of course, a steel ingot may be produced by melting raw materials such as electrolytic iron, pure chromium, pure nickel, ferrochromium nitride, ferrosilicon, and pure manganese using a high frequency induction furnace.

以上のようにして作製した本発明の溶接用ステンレス鋼は、一般的なCr濃度の炭素鋼材料に肉盛溶接を行っても、溶接金属部のCr量を20%以上とすることができ、溶接金属部の耐食性を確保することができる。たとえば、SS400、S45C、SCM415等の構造用炭素鋼部材への肉盛溶接に好適である。本発明の溶接用ステンレス鋼は、サブマージアーク溶接、被覆アーク溶接、エレクトロスラグ溶接、フラックスコアドワイヤーによるマグ溶接、ソリッドワイヤーによるミグ溶接、ソリッドワイヤーによるティグ溶接のいずれかの溶接法によって肉盛溶接を行う。溶接条件は、特に規定しないが、たとえば次のような条件で溶接可能である。すなわち、厚み0.4mm、幅50mmのバンドアーク鋼帯として、溶接電流860A、溶接電圧24V、溶接速度250mm/minでサブマージアーク溶接を行うことができる。溶接におけるフラックスには、溶接金属部での所望のδフェライト量を満足するフラックスを使用すれば良い。   The welding stainless steel of the present invention produced as described above can make the Cr amount of the weld metal part 20% or more even when overlay welding is performed on a carbon steel material having a general Cr concentration, Corrosion resistance of the weld metal part can be ensured. For example, it is suitable for overlay welding to structural carbon steel members such as SS400, S45C, and SCM415. Stainless steel for welding of the present invention is subjected to overlay welding by any of the following welding methods: submerged arc welding, covering arc welding, electroslag welding, mag welding with flux cored wire, MIG welding with solid wire, and TIG welding with solid wire. Do. The welding conditions are not particularly defined, but for example, welding is possible under the following conditions. That is, as a band arc steel strip having a thickness of 0.4 mm and a width of 50 mm, submerged arc welding can be performed at a welding current of 860 A, a welding voltage of 24 V, and a welding speed of 250 mm / min. As a flux in welding, a flux that satisfies a desired amount of δ ferrite in the weld metal portion may be used.

以下、実施例によってさらに本発明を詳細に説明する。まず、鉄屑、ステンレス屑、フェロクロム、フェロニッケル、純ニッケル、メタリッククロムなどの原料を、60トンの電気炉で溶解した。その後、VODにおいて、酸素を吹精し、脱炭精錬した。VODの取鍋には、マグクロ耐火物を張った。脱炭後、FeSi合金およびAlを投入して、スラグ中のCr酸化物を還元した。さらに、石灰石、蛍石を添加して、CaO−SiO−Al−MgO系スラグを形成して、脱酸、脱硫を行い、窒素ガスを吹き込み、溶鋼中窒素濃度を制御した。このようにして精錬した溶鋼を、縦型連続鋳造機にて鋳造し、表1に示す組成のスラブ(試料1〜20)を得た。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. First, raw materials such as iron scrap, stainless steel scrap, ferrochrome, ferronickel, pure nickel, and metallic chromium were melted in a 60-ton electric furnace. Thereafter, in the VOD, oxygen was blown and decarburized and refined. Mugkuro refractory was put on the ladle of VOD. After decarburization, FeSi alloy and Al were added to reduce Cr oxide in the slag. Furthermore, limestone and fluorite were added to form a CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO slag, deoxidation and desulfurization were performed, nitrogen gas was blown, and the nitrogen concentration in the molten steel was controlled. The molten steel refined in this way was cast with a vertical continuous casting machine to obtain slabs (samples 1 to 20) having the compositions shown in Table 1.

なお、表1に、下記数3、数4より算出した値を併記する。   In Table 1, the values calculated from the following equations 3 and 4 are also shown.

Figure 0005961296
Figure 0005961296

Figure 0005961296
Figure 0005961296

Figure 0005961296
Figure 0005961296

各スラブに対して、熱間圧延と冷間圧延を行い、溶体化処理を施して、厚さ0.4mmの冷延板を製造した。そして、超高温引張試験による熱間加工性と、熱間鍛造・冷間圧延工程までの歩留まり率から製造性を評価した。超高温引張試験は、1100℃において、引張速度100mm/sにおいて試験を行った。超高温引張試験では、破断後の断面減少率を熱間加工性として評価した。断面減少率が大きいほど、熱間加工性に優れるため好ましい。また、歩留まり率は、85%以上を○とし、84〜70%を△、69%以下を×として評価した。   Each slab was hot-rolled and cold-rolled and subjected to a solution treatment to produce a cold-rolled sheet having a thickness of 0.4 mm. And productivity was evaluated from the hot workability by an ultra high temperature tensile test and the yield rate to a hot forging and cold rolling process. The ultra high temperature tensile test was conducted at 1100 ° C. and at a tensile speed of 100 mm / s. In the ultra-high temperature tensile test, the cross-sectional reduction rate after fracture was evaluated as hot workability. A larger cross-sectional reduction rate is preferable because of excellent hot workability. In addition, the yield rate was evaluated with 85% or more as ◯, 84 to 70% as Δ, and 69% or less as ×.

また、各試料の溶接性および耐食性を評価するため、溶接実験を行い、溶接金属部の評価を以下の通りに行った。各試料から厚み0.4mm、幅50mmのバンドアーク鋼帯を作製し、溶接電流860A、溶接電圧24V、溶接速度240mm/minにおいて、表1に示す被溶接材に対してサブマージアーク溶接を行った。なお、被溶接材であるSS400のCr量は、0.01%、S45CのCr量は0.01%、SCM415のCr量は1.05%であった。フラックスとしては、本発明で規定した溶接金属部でのδフェライト量を満足するフラックスを使用した。そして、形成された溶接金属部について、高温割れ有無およびδフェライト量を調査して溶接性を評価し、Cr量およびPREを調査して耐食性を評価した。   Moreover, in order to evaluate the weldability and corrosion resistance of each sample, a welding experiment was performed, and the weld metal part was evaluated as follows. A band arc steel strip having a thickness of 0.4 mm and a width of 50 mm was prepared from each sample, and submerged arc welding was performed on the workpieces shown in Table 1 at a welding current of 860 A, a welding voltage of 24 V, and a welding speed of 240 mm / min. . In addition, the amount of Cr of SS400 as a welded material was 0.01%, the amount of Cr of S45C was 0.01%, and the amount of Cr of SCM415 was 1.05%. As the flux, a flux satisfying the amount of δ ferrite in the weld metal part defined in the present invention was used. And about the formed weld metal part, the presence or absence of a high temperature crack and the amount of (delta) ferrite were investigated, weldability was evaluated, Cr amount and PRE were investigated, and corrosion resistance was evaluated.

高温割れの有無は、溶接後の肉盛面を0.2mm研削し、浸透探傷試験により求めた。高温割れが見られなかったものを○、割れが発生したものを×とした。また、δフェライト量は、フェライトメーターで測定することにより求めた。溶接金属中のδフェライト量が2質量%以上であれば、高温割れが生じにくいため、δフェライト量が2質量%以上の試料を○と評価した。   Presence / absence of hot cracking was determined by penetrating flaw detection test by grinding 0.2 mm of the welded surface after welding. The case where no hot cracking was observed was marked with ◯, and the one where cracking occurred was marked with ×. The amount of δ ferrite was determined by measuring with a ferrite meter. If the amount of δ ferrite in the weld metal is 2% by mass or more, hot cracking is unlikely to occur. Therefore, a sample having an amount of δ ferrite of 2% by mass or more was evaluated as ◯.

耐食性は、一般的に、溶接金属部においてCrが20質量%以上含有されていれば十分な耐食性を有することが分かっている。このため、溶接金属部を切り出して、溶接金属中のCr量を化学分析により求めることにより、耐食性をCr濃度により評価した。Crが20質量%以上を○、20質量%未満を×とした。なお、溶接金属中のCrが20質量%以上であれば、十分な耐食性を示すことは、ASTM G48 Method Cにより確認を行った。さらに、耐食性の指標としてPREを求めた。PREは、PRE=Cr+16×Nより求め、高耐食性であるSUS316Lが25であるため、25以上の試料を○と評価した。各種結果を表2に示す。   It has been found that the corrosion resistance is generally sufficient if Cr is contained in the weld metal part in an amount of 20% by mass or more. For this reason, the corrosion resistance was evaluated by the Cr concentration by cutting out the weld metal part and obtaining the Cr amount in the weld metal by chemical analysis. Cr is 20% by mass or more, and less than 20% by mass is x. In addition, if Cr in the weld metal was 20% by mass or more, it was confirmed by ASTM G48 Method C that sufficient corrosion resistance was exhibited. Furthermore, PRE was calculated | required as a parameter | index of corrosion resistance. PRE was calculated from PRE = Cr + 16 × N. Since SUS316L having high corrosion resistance was 25, 25 or more samples were evaluated as “good”. Various results are shown in Table 2.

Figure 0005961296
Figure 0005961296

図1に、各試料のδフェライト計算値とCr量との関係を示す。図1では、製造性、溶接性、耐食性のすべてにおいて、その評価が良好であったものを●で表示し、いずれかが基準に満たなかったものを×と表示した。図1および表2から分かるように、本発明で規定した組成範囲の試料No.1〜10の試料では、製造性、溶接性に優れるとともに、耐食性に優れることが確認された。他方、比較例である試料No.11〜20の試料では、歩留まりが低く製造性が低いものや、溶接金属中のδフェライト量が不足して溶接性が低いものや、溶接金属中のCr量が20%に満たないために耐食性が低いものがあった。   FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the calculated value of δ ferrite and the Cr amount of each sample. In FIG. 1, in all of the manufacturability, weldability, and corrosion resistance, the evaluations of which are favorable are indicated by ●, and those that do not satisfy the standard are indicated by ×. As can be seen from FIG. 1 and Table 2, the sample No. in the composition range defined in the present invention. Samples 1 to 10 were confirmed to be excellent in manufacturability and weldability and excellent in corrosion resistance. On the other hand, sample No. Samples 11 to 20 have low yield, low productivity, low weldability due to insufficient amount of δ ferrite in the weld metal, and corrosion resistance because the Cr content in the weld metal is less than 20%. There was something that was low.

Claims (2)

質量%で、C:0.02〜0.08%、Si:0.2〜1.0%、Mn:1.2〜2.0%、P:0.03%以下、S:0.005%以下、Ni:13〜15%、Cr:24〜30%、N:0.02〜0.15%を含有し、残部はFe及び不可避的不純物からなり、かつ下記数1、数2を満足する溶接用ステンレス鋼を溶融させることにより、Crが2質量%未満の構造用鉄鋼材料に対して肉盛りすることを特徴とする溶接用ステンレス鋼の肉盛方法。
Figure 0005961296
Figure 0005961296
In mass%, C: 0.02-0.08%, Si: 0.2-1.0%, Mn: 1.2-2.0%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.005 %: Ni: 13-15%, Cr: 24-30%, N: 0.02-0.15%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities, and satisfies the following formulas 1 and 2 A method for overlaying welding stainless steel, characterized in that Cr is built on a structural steel material having a Cr content of less than 2 mass% by melting the welding stainless steel.
Figure 0005961296
Figure 0005961296
前記溶接用ステンレス鋼を、サブマージアーク溶接、被覆アーク溶接、エレクトロスラグ溶接、フラックスコアドワイヤーによるマグ溶接、ソリッドワイヤーによるミグ溶接、ソリッドワイヤーによるティグ溶接のいずれかの溶接法によって溶融させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の溶接用ステンレス鋼の肉盛方法。

The welding stainless steel is melted by any of the following welding methods: submerged arc welding, covering arc welding, electroslag welding, mag welding with flux cored wire, MIG welding with solid wire, and TIG welding with solid wire. The welding method of the stainless steel for welding of Claim 1 to do.

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