CN107470744B - Welding method capable of effectively preventing dissimilar alloy interface from peeling - Google Patents
Welding method capable of effectively preventing dissimilar alloy interface from peeling Download PDFInfo
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- CN107470744B CN107470744B CN201710743679.7A CN201710743679A CN107470744B CN 107470744 B CN107470744 B CN 107470744B CN 201710743679 A CN201710743679 A CN 201710743679A CN 107470744 B CN107470744 B CN 107470744B
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- welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K9/232—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded of different metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/042—Built-up welding on planar surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
- B23K9/186—Submerged-arc welding making use of a consumable electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method capable of effectively preventing dissimilar alloy interface from peeling, which is used for surfacing a plurality of second alloy surfacing layers on the surface of a first alloy and comprises the following steps: step 1, overlaying a 1 st overlaying layer on the surface of a first alloy by adopting a second alloy through automatic submerged arc welding; step 2, overlaying a 2-n overlaying layer by manual welding, wherein n is 2-4; and 3, surfacing the other surfacing layers by automatic submerged arc welding. The invention adopts the process of combining submerged arc welding and manual welding, respectively controls the heat input and the surfacing layers of two welding modes, and realizes the continuous change of the structure and the stress at the interface of the low alloy steel and the stainless steel or the nickel-based alloy, thereby weakening the stress concentration at the interface of the dissimilar alloy, improving the integrity of the interface, solving the problem that the welded interface of the dissimilar alloy which is difficult to completely overcome by nuclear power product manufacturers is easy to cause stripping damage, and having good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nuclear power dissimilar alloy welding, relates to a dissimilar alloy welding process, and particularly relates to a welding method capable of effectively preventing interface peeling of dissimilar alloys.
Background
The low alloy steel (alloy steel with the total amount of alloy elements less than 5%) is widely applied to the manufacturing of nuclear power equipment due to lower manufacturing cost and higher strength. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the low alloy steel, stainless steel or nickel-based alloy overlaying is carried out on the easy-to-corrode surface to be applied to the manufacture of products in a large scale, such as overlaying of the inner wall of a pressure vessel, a pressure stabilizer cylinder body and the like.
Strip submerged arc welding is widely applied to the surfacing of stainless steel or nickel-based alloy due to higher welding efficiency and good protectiveness, however, the welding interface of low alloy steel and stainless steel or nickel-based alloy has the following defects: abrupt change of alloy components, discontinuous structure and stress concentration.
Therefore, the interface of the dissimilar alloy after welding is easy to cause peeling damage, which is a difficult problem that nuclear power product manufacturers are always difficult to thoroughly overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding process capable of effectively preventing the dissimilar alloy welding interface from peeling, aiming at the problem of dissimilar alloy interface peeling in the manufacturing process of nuclear power equipment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a welding method for depositing a plurality of second alloy overlays on a surface of a first alloy, the welding method effectively preventing interface peeling of a dissimilar alloy, the welding method comprising:
Step 1, overlaying a 1 st overlaying layer on the surface of a first alloy by adopting a second alloy through automatic submerged arc welding;
step 2, overlaying a 2-n overlaying layer by manual welding, wherein n is 2-4;
and 3, surfacing the other surfacing layers by automatic submerged arc welding.
Preferably, the dilution ratio of the base material of the 1 st overlay is as low as possible. The degree of dilution of the deposited metal during metal overlay welding is expressed by the percentage of the base metal or the metal of the pre-overlay welding layer in the weld metal (i.e., the fusion ratio). In general, the composition of the filler metal is often different from that of the base metal, particularly when dissimilar metals are phase or alloy welded. When the alloy component of the weld metal is mainly derived from the filler metal, the effect of the locally melted base metal in the weld bead can be considered to be dilution. Accordingly, the fusion ratio is also often referred to as dilution ratio. In all arc welding seams, a certain amount of molten base metal and filler metal are mixed, the metal components of a few welding seams are the same as those of the base metal, and the properties of the welding seam structure are somewhat unique, so that the base metal is diluted too much by the welding seam to cause component change, the performance of the welding seam metal is influenced, and the weldability of the metal is influenced.
preferably, the current of the overlay welding of the No. 1 welding layer reaches or tends to the lower current limit (the lower limit is taken as far as possible) on the basis of ensuring the formation of the welding seam.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
after step 1 and before step 2, a polishing process is performed on the surface of the 1 st overlaying layer.
Preferably, the total thickness of the 2-n overlaying layers is not less than 3mm, n is as small as possible, namely, the smaller the number of the overlaying layers is, the better; more preferably, n is 3, i.e. two layers are build-up welded by hand.
Preferably, the total number of the second alloy overlaying layers is not less than 10, and the total thickness of the second alloy overlaying layers is not less than 30 mm.
Preferably, the current range of the welding in the step 1 is 500-600A, the voltage range is 26-29V, and the welding speed is 180-250 mm/min.
Preferably, the welding current range of the step 2 is 80-100A, the voltage range is 20-30V, and the welding speed is 50-90 mm/min.
Preferably, the current range of step 3 welding is 500-800A, the voltage range is 26-29V, and the welding speed is 100-200 mm/min.
Preferably, the first alloy is a low alloy steel and the second alloy is a stainless steel or a nickel based alloy.
The invention designs a welding process capable of effectively improving the bonding force of a welding interface of dissimilar alloy and preventing interface peeling, and the invention controls the heat input and the surfacing layers of two welding modes by adopting the process of combining submerged arc welding and manual welding, thereby realizing the continuous change of tissues and stress at the interface of low alloy steel and stainless steel or nickel-based alloy, weakening the stress concentration at the interface and keeping the integrity of the interface.
Compared with submerged arc welding, the method can effectively control the continuity of the structure and the stress gradient transition of the low alloy steel and the stainless steel or the nickel-based dissimilar alloy, and avoid the stress concentration at the interface. Compared with manual electric arc welding, the welding method can ensure higher welding seam quality and higher welding efficiency. The process of combining submerged arc welding and manual welding can realize accurate control of the structure of the interface of the dissimilar alloy, and reduce the stress concentration of the interface by controlling the structures on two sides of the interface, thereby improving the bonding force of the interface.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of the structure morphology of the dissimilar alloy interface obtained by the present invention and the structure morphology of the dissimilar alloy interface obtained by submerged arc welding only, wherein (a) of 1 represents the structure morphology of the dissimilar alloy welding interface obtained by submerged arc welding and automatic welding of the present invention, and (b) of 1 represents the structure morphology of the dissimilar alloy welding interface obtained by a complete submerged arc welding process.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison between the stress near the weld line of the dissimilar metal alloy interface obtained by the present invention and the change in the stress near the weld line of the dissimilar metal alloy interface obtained by submerged arc welding alone, wherein (a) of FIG. 2 represents the change in the stress near the weld line of the dissimilar metal alloy welding interface obtained by submerged arc welding + automatic welding of the present invention and shows a gradient change, and (b) of FIG. 1 represents the change in the stress near the weld line of the dissimilar metal alloy welding interface obtained by a complete submerged arc welding process and shows a stress jump.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention adopts a welding process combining submerged automatic arc welding and manual welding, improves the binding force of tissues at the interface of dissimilar alloys by controlling welding heat input, reduces the stress concentration at the interface and simultaneously ensures the efficiency of surfacing welding.
When stainless steel or nickel-based alloy surfacing is carried out on the surface of low alloy steel, the 1 st surfacing layer adopts a submerged arc automatic welding process, welding heat input is reduced by reducing welding current during welding, and meanwhile, the welding speed is selected as high as possible on the premise of ensuring welding seam forming. The 2 nd-n welding layer adopts a manual welding process (n is 2-4), and the rest layers adopt automatic submerged arc welding.
The selection of the current of the overlaying welding layer 1 takes the lower limit as far as possible on the basis of ensuring welding forming; accordingly, the welding speed is as high as possible. The selection of the thickness, the current and the welding speed of the overlaying welding layer 1 is determined according to corresponding welding equipment on the premise of ensuring good welding seam forming, and a fixed value does not exist.
and on the premise that the manual welding overlaying thickness of the 2-n overlaying layer is not less than 3mm, the number of manual welding layers is reduced as much as possible. And the technological parameters of the other overlaying layers are according to the normal submerged arc welding process.
Taking the example of NiCrFe-3 nickel-based weld bead surfacing of the surface of SA508Gr3 low alloy steel, the welding parameters are shown in Table 1. The first overlaying layer on the surface of the SA508Gr3 low alloy steel adopts 60 multiplied by 0.5 NiCrFe-3 nickel-based steel strip to carry out submerged arc automatic overlaying, and the lower limit of current and the upper limit of welding speed are taken on the premise of ensuring good weld formation. And polishing the surface of the surfacing layer after welding, and carrying out manual arc welding by using a welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm to build up two layers. And surfacing the other layers by adopting strip-electrode submerged arc automatic welding.
The structure of the interface of the dissimilar alloy obtained by the welding process of submerged arc welding and manual welding provided by the invention is shown in fig. 1 (a), and correspondingly, fig. 1 (b) shows the appearance of the interface of the dissimilar alloy after only submerged arc welding. In fig. 1 (a), both sides of the weld line are coarse grains (distinguished by grain boundaries, as indicated by arrows in the figure), while in fig. 1 (b), both sides of the weld line are coarse grains (weld metal) and fine grains (base material), respectively.
it can be known from the comparison of the above figures that continuous transition of crystal grains at the interface can be realized by a surfacing process of submerged arc welding and manual welding (the continuity means that the crystal grains at the two sides of the weld line are both coarse-grain structures, as shown in (a) of figure 1, and (b) of figure 1 is the sudden change from coarse grains to fine grains at the two sides of the weld line), so that the welding stress is in gradient continuous transition at the interface, and the stress concentration at the interface is weakened.
Table 1: welding process parameters
The invention mainly relates to the problem of interface stripping under the condition of multi-layer surfacing, and usually a surfacing layer is required to be more than or equal to 10 layers and reach more than 30 mm. Thus, in the present invention, the first layer is as thin as possible, about 2mm according to experimental results. The other layers are the number of the welding heaps which reach the required thickness after the first three layers are removed.
Examples
The method comprises the steps of adopting the strip submerged arc welding and manual welding (the method of the invention), the strip submerged arc welding and the manual arc welding to weld the nickel-based material on the surface of SA508Gr3 low alloy steel with the size of delta 50mm multiplied by 300mm, wherein the thickness of a weld overlay layer needs to reach 30mm, and the welding parameters are shown in tables 2-1-2-3.
Table 2-1: welding parameters of strip submerged arc welding and manual welding
Tables 2 to 2: welding parameters of band electrode submerged arc welding
Tables 2 to 3: welding parameters of manual welding
And after welding, respectively counting the time for completing the test plate surfacing. Sampling near a fusion line, polishing, corroding with 4% nitric acid alcohol, observing a structure near the fusion line by using an optical microscope, and representing the sizes of grains at two sides of the fusion line and the continuity of grain boundaries, wherein (a) in fig. 1 shows a continuous structure, and (b) in fig. 1 shows a discontinuous structure. The residual stress near the weld line measured along the thickness direction of the weld overlay using the deep hole method is represented by a stress gradient transition in fig. 2 (a) and a non-gradient transition, i.e., a sudden change, in fig. 2 (b). The test results for the three welding methods (submerged arc welding with electrode + manual welding, submerged arc welding with electrode, and manual welding) are shown in table 3.
Table 3: comparison of test results of three welding modes
Compared with the prior art, the strip electrode submerged arc welding and manual welding can effectively improve the continuity of the structure near the fusion line and the gradient continuous change of the stress on the premise of ensuring the welding efficiency, and obviously improve the bonding force of a welding interface of the dissimilar alloy.
in conclusion, the invention realizes the continuous deformation of the welding interface structure of the dissimilar alloy by adopting the process of combining the automatic submerged arc welding and the manual welding, thereby improving the interface bonding force of the dissimilar alloy welding layer in the nuclear power equipment and preventing the dissimilar alloy welding layer from being stripped.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. A welding method capable of effectively preventing the interface of dissimilar alloys from peeling off is characterized in that the welding method is used for surfacing a plurality of second alloy surfacing layers on the surface of a first alloy, and comprises the following steps:
Step 1, overlaying a 1 st overlaying layer on the surface of a first alloy by adopting a second alloy through automatic submerged arc welding; wherein, the welding current range is 500-600A, the voltage range is 26-29V, and the welding speed is 180-250 mm/min;
Step 2, overlaying a 2-n overlaying layer by manual welding, wherein n is 2-4, the welding current range is 80-100A, the voltage range is 20-30V, and the welding speed is 50-90 mm/min;
And 3, surfacing the other surfacing layers by automatic submerged arc welding.
2. A welding method effective in preventing interfacial separation of dissimilar alloys as in claim 1 wherein said 1 st overlay has a current flow which approaches or approaches a lower current limit while maintaining weld formation.
3. A welding method effective for preventing interfacial peeling of dissimilar alloys as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
After step 1 and before step 2, a polishing process is performed on the surface of the 1 st overlaying layer.
4. A welding method effective for preventing interfacial peeling of dissimilar alloys as defined in claim 1, wherein the total thickness of said 2-n weld overlays is not less than 3 mm.
5. A welding method effective in preventing interfacial peeling of dissimilar alloys as recited in claim 1 wherein the total number of layers of said second alloy weld overlays is not less than 10 and the total thickness of said second alloy weld overlays is not less than 30 mm.
6. The welding method for effectively preventing the interface peeling of the dissimilar alloys as claimed in claim 1, wherein the current range of the welding in step 3 is 500-800A, the voltage range is 26-29V, and the welding speed is 100-200 mm/min.
7. A welding process effective for preventing interfacial separation of dissimilar alloys as in claim 1 wherein said first alloy is a low alloy steel and said second alloy is a stainless steel or a nickel based alloy.
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| CN101062507A (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2007-10-31 | 包钢集团机械设备制造有限公司 | Technique for manufacturing mandrel mill by using composite rare earth material |
| CN201815542U (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2011-05-04 | 天津市凯盛工贸有限公司 | Build-up welding composite plug of perforating machine |
| CN103170815A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-06-26 | 青岛兰石重型机械设备有限公司 | Welding process of boss of hydrogenation reactor |
| JP2015155116A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-08-27 | 日本冶金工業株式会社 | Thickness increasing method for weld stainless steel |
| CN105234527A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-13 | 上海电气核电设备有限公司 | Method for performing stainless steel strip-electrode submerged-arc build-up welding on low-alloy parent steel |
| CN105750693A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-13 | 山西阳煤化工机械（集团）有限公司 | Wear-resistant material surfacing method achieving preheating temperature lowering |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5945013A (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 1999-08-31 | Elliott Turbomachinery Co., Inc. | Method of welding |
| CN101890562B (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-05-23 | 上海电气核电设备有限公司 | Nuclear island primary device connection tube safe end dissimilar metal welding technology |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101062507A (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2007-10-31 | 包钢集团机械设备制造有限公司 | Technique for manufacturing mandrel mill by using composite rare earth material |
| CN201815542U (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2011-05-04 | 天津市凯盛工贸有限公司 | Build-up welding composite plug of perforating machine |
| CN103170815A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-06-26 | 青岛兰石重型机械设备有限公司 | Welding process of boss of hydrogenation reactor |
| JP2015155116A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-08-27 | 日本冶金工業株式会社 | Thickness increasing method for weld stainless steel |
| CN105234527A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-13 | 上海电气核电设备有限公司 | Method for performing stainless steel strip-electrode submerged-arc build-up welding on low-alloy parent steel |
| CN105750693A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-13 | 山西阳煤化工机械（集团）有限公司 | Wear-resistant material surfacing method achieving preheating temperature lowering |
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