JP5946449B2 - 三次元部品の製造方法 - Google Patents
三次元部品の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
- B23K26/705—Beam measuring device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
- B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Description
2 層
3 ビーム
4 肉盛り材料
5 溶融領域
6 センサ装置
7 レーザー
8 半透明鏡
9 スキャナ
10 ビームスプリッタ
11 カメラ
12 フォトダイオード
13 支持体
14 基礎板
15 コーティング装置
16 鏡
17 鏡
18 センサ装置
19 プロセッサ
20 記憶装置
21 ビーム操作装置
22 ビーム操作装置21のコントローラ
23 データ結合ユニット/データ割り当てユニット
24 支持体13のサーボモータ
25 配量室26のサーボモータ
26 配量室
27 制御モジュール
28 データ処理装置
29 視覚化装置
Claims (14)
- レーザー溶融法によって三次元部品(1)を製造するための方法であって、前記部品(1)が肉盛り材料(4)を溶融することによって、ビームの作用で固化可能な前記肉盛り材料(4)からなる個々の層を連続的に固化することにより製造され、点状および/または線状のエネルギー入力によって発生した溶融領域(5)が、センサ装置(6、11、12、18)によって検出され、それからセンサ値が部品品質を評価するために求められる、上記方法において、
前記部品品質を評価するために検出された前記センサ値が、前記部品(1)内のセンサ値の場所を示す座標値と共に記憶され、かつ視覚化装置(29)によって、部品内の前記センサ値の検出場所に関連して二次元および/または多次元的に表示され、
専ら部品領域を示すセンサ値が視覚的に二次元および/または多次元表示され、および/または際立たされ、この部品領域が少なくとも1つの特定可能な目標固化率あるいは目標温度値または目標密度に対して異なる、特に低下した固化率、温度値または密度を示すかあるいは目標エネルギー入力または目標溶融プール寸法に対して偏差を示すことを特徴とする方法。 - 二次元表示の場合、層(2)に一致する部品平面のセンサ値が表示され、この層が肉盛り材料(4)で新たにコーティングされる前にビームの作用によって固化されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 二次元表示の場合、ビーム作用によって連続的に固化された層に対して角度をなして延在する自由に選択可能な部品切断平面のセンサ値が表示されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記センサ値を表示するために、前記肉盛り材料に関して最適な値を示すセンサ値が第1の色、第1の灰色段階、第1の透明度および/または第1の表面構造体で表示され、この最適値に関して下側または上側へ異なる値が、灰色値に関して、透明度に関しておよび/または表面構造体に関して色彩的に異なるように表示されることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記部品(1)内での前記センサ値の場所を示す座標値の少なくとも一部が、部品を製造するために使用される肉盛り座標値であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記部品(1)内での前記センサ値の場所を示す座標値の少なくとも一部が、前記センサ値を検出する際に新たに得られることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記部品(1)内での前記センサ値の場所を示す座標値の獲得が、肉盛り平面全体または部品領域を含む肉盛り平面の部分の面状検出によって行われることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記センサ値の座標割り当てが照射データまたはスキャナデータを介して行われることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記センサ値の少なくとも一部の検出がエネルギー入力の時点に関して時間的に遅らせて行われ、視覚化によって表示される値が溶融領域の温度状態の時間的な経過を示す(サンプリング方法)ことを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- エネルギー入力に関して、部品平面の同一個所で、多数のセンサ値がエネルギー入力からのいろいろな時間間隔でもって検出されることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法を実施するための装置、すなわちレーザー溶融装置であって、部品(1)が肉盛り材料(4)を溶融することによって、ビーム(3)、特にレーザービームの作用によって固化可能な前記肉盛り材料(4)からなる個々の層(2)を連続的に固化することにより製造され、点状または線状のエネルギー入力によって発生した溶融領域(5)が、センサ装置(6、11、12、18)によってその寸法、形状および/または温度を検出可能であり、それからセンサ値が部品品質を評価するために求められる、上記装置において、
前記部品品質を評価するために検出された前記センサ値を、前記部品(1)内の前記センサ値の場所を示す座標値と共に記憶することができる記憶装置と、
この記憶装置に接続され、記憶された前記センサ値を前記部品(1)内の前記センサ値の検出場所に関連して二次元および/または多次元的に色彩表示することができる視覚化装置(29)とを備えていることを特徴とする装置。 - 視覚化されたセンサ値が前記肉盛り材料(4)の固化時に前記肉盛り材料(4)の溶融の程度を示すことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の装置。
- 視覚化されたセンサ値が前記肉盛り材料(4)の固化時の前記肉盛り材料(4)の溶融プール内の温度または温度変化を示すことを特徴とする請求項11または12に記載の装置。
- 粉末状肉盛り材料(4)に対するビームの作用によって製造される部品(1)の領域、特に部品内部領域の部品品質を二次元または多次元表示するための視覚化装置の使用であって、この部品品質がビームによって誘起される粉末材料の固化時に、エネルギー入力時またはエネルギー入力後間もない時期の肉盛り材料の溶融プールを表すセンサ値から求められ、このセンサ値に部品座標が割り当てられ、この部品座標が生産的な肉盛り過程に基づいているかまたは生産的な肉盛り過程の間に部品層に関連して求められ、設定可能な目標値からの部品品質の偏差が色の差、灰色段階、透明度および/または表面構造体の違いによって表される上記使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202010010771U DE202010010771U1 (de) | 2010-07-28 | 2010-07-28 | Laserschmelzvorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Bauteils |
DE202010010771.7 | 2010-07-28 | ||
PCT/DE2011/001088 WO2012019577A2 (de) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-05-19 | Verfahren zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen bauteils |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2013532592A JP2013532592A (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
JP2013532592A5 JP2013532592A5 (ja) | 2015-07-23 |
JP5946449B2 true JP5946449B2 (ja) | 2016-07-06 |
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JP2013520966A Active JP5946449B2 (ja) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-05-19 | 三次元部品の製造方法 |
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US (5) | US10759117B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2598313B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5946449B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103025507B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE202010010771U1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2550670T3 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2559717C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012019577A2 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11247400B2 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2022-02-15 | Concept Laser Gmbh | Method for producing a three-dimensional component |
Families Citing this family (118)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0816308D0 (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2008-10-15 | Mtt Technologies Ltd | Optical module |
DE202010010771U1 (de) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-11-14 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Laserschmelzvorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Bauteils |
DE102012221218A1 (de) | 2011-11-22 | 2013-05-23 | Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. | Vorrichtung zur Qualitätssicherung von mittels Laserstrahlbearbeitung hergestellten Produkten |
TWI448732B (zh) * | 2012-05-03 | 2014-08-11 | Young Optics Inc | 立體打印裝置 |
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US11247400B2 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2022-02-15 | Concept Laser Gmbh | Method for producing a three-dimensional component |
US11919243B2 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2024-03-05 | Concept Laser Gmbh | Method for producing a three-dimensional component |
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RU2013108952A (ru) | 2014-09-10 |
JP2013532592A (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
DE202010010771U1 (de) | 2011-11-14 |
US20180186078A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
US20190202129A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
US10265912B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 |
WO2012019577A3 (de) | 2012-05-31 |
EP2598313B1 (de) | 2015-08-12 |
RU2559717C2 (ru) | 2015-08-10 |
US10759117B2 (en) | 2020-09-01 |
US20130168902A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
CN103025507B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
US11701740B2 (en) | 2023-07-18 |
US11292060B2 (en) | 2022-04-05 |
CN103025507A (zh) | 2013-04-03 |
US20220184705A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
US20200391291A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 |
ES2550670T3 (es) | 2015-11-11 |
EP2598313A2 (de) | 2013-06-05 |
US11904413B2 (en) | 2024-02-20 |
WO2012019577A2 (de) | 2012-02-16 |
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