JP5946332B2 - Absorption refrigerator absorber - Google Patents

Absorption refrigerator absorber Download PDF

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JP5946332B2
JP5946332B2 JP2012129873A JP2012129873A JP5946332B2 JP 5946332 B2 JP5946332 B2 JP 5946332B2 JP 2012129873 A JP2012129873 A JP 2012129873A JP 2012129873 A JP2012129873 A JP 2012129873A JP 5946332 B2 JP5946332 B2 JP 5946332B2
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liquid
absorbing
absorber
absorbing liquid
refrigerant
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JP2013253742A (en
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▲隆▼一郎 川上
▲隆▼一郎 川上
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

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Description

本発明は、横側面に蒸発器に連なって冷媒蒸気を導入する導入路を備えた吸収器本体と、その吸収器本体内に設けられて吸収液を液滴状に散布する吸収液散布手段と、吸収液散布手段の下方に設けられて吸収液散布手段から散布される冷媒蒸気を吸収する冷媒吸収部とを備えた吸収式冷凍機の吸収器に関する。   The present invention includes an absorber main body provided with an introduction path for introducing refrigerant vapor connected to an evaporator on a lateral side, and an absorbing liquid spraying means provided in the absorber main body for spraying an absorbing liquid into droplets. The present invention also relates to an absorber of an absorption refrigeration machine including a refrigerant absorbing section that is provided below the absorbing liquid spraying means and absorbs the refrigerant vapor sprayed from the absorbing liquid spraying means.

この種のものとして、従来、吸収器を上段吸収器と下段吸収器とから構成し、上段吸収器の上側に上段吸収液散布管を設けるとともに、下段吸収器の上側に下段吸収液散布管を設け、上段吸収液散布管に吸収液供給管を接続し、吸収液供給管に吸収液分岐管を介して下段吸収液散布管を接続し、上段吸収液散布管から上段伝熱管の表面に吸収液を散布し、吸収器上部から散布する吸収液の一部、例えば、２０〜５０％を吸収液分岐管にバイパスさせて、吸収器中段以下の伝熱管上で、上部から流下する吸収液に混合して吸収器下部を流下する吸収液の濃度を下げ、かつ、管表面に吸収液が軸方向に広がるようにしたものがあった（特許文献１参照）。 Conventionally, this type of absorber is composed of an upper absorber and a lower absorber, and an upper absorbent dispersion pipe is provided above the upper absorber, and a lower absorbent dispersion pipe is provided above the lower absorber. Install the absorption liquid supply pipe to the upper absorption liquid distribution pipe, connect the lower absorption liquid distribution pipe to the absorption liquid supply pipe via the absorption liquid branch pipe, and absorb from the upper absorption liquid distribution pipe to the surface of the upper heat transfer pipe Sprinkle the liquid, bypass a part of the absorbing liquid spread from the upper part of the absorber, for example, 20 to 50%, to the absorbing liquid branch pipe, to the absorbing liquid flowing down from the upper part on the heat transfer pipe below the middle stage of the absorber mixture to lower the concentration of the absorbing solution flowing down the absorber bottom, and the absorption solution had those to spread in the axial direction to the tube surface (see Patent Document 1).

特開２００４−２４５４４３号公報JP 2004-245443 A

上述従来例において、上段吸収液散布管および下段吸収液散布管それぞれから供給する吸収液の量を調整する必要があるが、そのための手段としては、流量調整弁を設けるとか、オリフィスを形成するなどしなければならない。
しかしながら、流量調整弁を備える場合、弁を付設するために高価になる不都合があった。一方、オリフィスを形成する場合、吸収液の供給源側での圧力変化の影響を受けて分配量が変動しやすい不都合があった。 In the above-described conventional example, it is necessary to adjust the amount of absorbing liquid supplied from each of the upper-stage absorbing liquid spraying pipe and the lower-stage absorbing liquid spraying pipe. As means for that purpose, a flow rate adjusting valve is provided, an orifice is formed, etc. Must.
However, when the flow rate adjusting valve is provided, there is a disadvantage that it is expensive because the valve is provided. On the other hand, when the orifice is formed, there is an inconvenience that the distribution amount is likely to fluctuate due to the influence of the pressure change on the supply side of the absorbent.

本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、請求項１に係る発明は、過冷却した吸収液を供給して冷媒を吸収させるタイプの吸収器を安価に構成できるようにし、かつ、良好に所定量の吸収液を複数個の冷媒吸収部それぞれに供給できるようにすることを目的とし、請求項２に係る発明は、冷却流体を通す伝熱管の表面に形成させた薄膜状の吸収液に冷媒を吸収させるタイプの吸収器を安価に構成できるようにし、かつ、良好に所定量の吸収液を複数個の冷媒吸収部それぞれに供給できるようにすることを目的とし、請求項３に係る発明は、液溜めトレイ内の液深を調整できるようにすることを目的とし、請求項４に係る発明は、機体の傾き等に起因する吸収性能の変動を抑えることができるようにすることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the invention according to claim 1 is configured so that an absorber of a type that supplies supercooled absorption liquid and absorbs refrigerant can be configured at low cost. The invention according to claim 2 is a thin film formed on the surface of a heat transfer tube through which a cooling fluid passes. An object of the present invention is to make it possible to inexpensively configure a type of absorber that absorbs refrigerant into a liquid-like absorption liquid and to supply a predetermined amount of absorption liquid to each of a plurality of refrigerant absorption parts. The invention according to item 3 aims to make it possible to adjust the liquid depth in the liquid storage tray, and the invention according to claim 4 can suppress fluctuations in absorption performance due to the inclination of the fuselage. The purpose is to.

請求項１に係る発明は、上述のような目的を達成するために、
横側面に蒸発器に連なって冷媒蒸気を導入する導入路を備えた吸収器本体と、前記吸収器本体内に設けられて吸収液を液滴状に散布する吸収液散布手段と、前記吸収液散布手段の下方に設けられて前記吸収液散布手段から散布される冷媒蒸気を吸収する冷媒吸収部とを備えた吸収式冷凍機の吸収器であって、
前記吸収液散布手段を、吸収液を所定の液深で溜める液溜めトレイの底面に水平方向に分散して吸収液散布孔を設けて構成するとともに、前記冷媒吸収部を、前記液溜めトレイから散布されて冷媒蒸気を吸収した吸収液の液滴を受け留めるトレイを鉛直方向に複数個設け、前記トレイに、受け留めた吸収液を分散して液滴状に散布する吸収液散布孔を水平方向に分散して形成して構成し、
前記液溜めトレイに供給する吸収液を過冷却する過冷却器を備え、
前記吸収液散布手段および前記冷媒吸収部を鉛直方向に複数個設けるとともに、前記液溜めトレイそれぞれに、前記液溜めトレイ内の液深を所定量に維持するように前記液溜めトレイ内の吸収液をオーバーフローするオーバーフロー機構を備えたことを特徴としている。 In order to achieve the above-described object, the invention according to claim 1
An absorber main body provided with an introduction path for introducing refrigerant vapor connected to the evaporator on a lateral side surface, an absorbing liquid spraying means provided in the absorber main body for spraying the absorbing liquid in droplets, and the absorbing liquid An absorber of an absorption refrigeration machine provided with a refrigerant absorbing section provided below the spraying means and absorbing the refrigerant vapor sprayed from the absorbing liquid spraying means,
The absorbing liquid spraying means is configured by dispersing the absorbing liquid in a horizontal direction on the bottom surface of the liquid storage tray for storing the absorbing liquid at a predetermined depth to provide an absorbing liquid spraying hole, and the refrigerant absorbing portion is connected to the liquid storage tray. A plurality of trays are provided in the vertical direction for receiving the droplets of the absorbing liquid that has been sprayed and absorbed the refrigerant vapor, and the absorbing liquid spraying holes for dispersing the received absorbing liquid and spraying it in the form of droplets are horizontally disposed on the tray. Formed in a distributed manner,
A supercooler for supercooling the absorbent supplied to the liquid storage tray;
A plurality of the absorbing liquid spraying means and the refrigerant absorbing portion are provided in the vertical direction, and the absorbing liquid in the liquid reservoir tray is maintained in each of the liquid reservoir trays so that the liquid depth in the liquid reservoir tray is maintained at a predetermined amount. It is characterized by having an overflow mechanism that overflows.

（作用・効果）
請求項１に係る発明の吸収式冷凍機の吸収器の構成によれば、液溜めトレイそれぞれにおいて、オーバーフロー機構により、所定の液深を確保して液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔から冷媒吸収部に所定量の吸収液を液滴状に散布することができる。
すなわち、ベルヌーイの定理から証明されるトリチェリの定理に基づいて、液深ｈと液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔から流下される吸収液の流速ｖとの間に、下記式で示されるように比例関係が成立する。
ｖ２／（２ｇ）＝ｈ
ここで、ｇは重力加速度である。
一方、液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔の開口面積をＡとすれば、液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔から散布される吸収液の流量Ｑは、
Ｑ＝Ａｖとなる。
これらから、各液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔の面積が一定に形成されていれば、液深を所定量に維持することで、液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔から冷媒吸収部に所定量の吸収液を供給することができる。
したがって、液溜めトレイに所定量の吸収液を供給するために、オリフィスや流量調整弁を設ける場合に比べ、構成が簡単で過冷却した吸収液を供給して冷媒を吸収させるタイプの吸収器を安価に構成でき、かつ、良好に冷媒吸収部に所定量の吸収液を供給できる。 (Action / Effect)
According to the configuration of the absorber of the absorption refrigerator according to the first aspect of the present invention, in each of the liquid storage trays, a predetermined liquid depth is secured by the overflow mechanism, and the refrigerant absorbing portion is disposed from the absorption liquid spray hole of the liquid storage tray. A predetermined amount of absorbing liquid can be sprayed in the form of droplets.
That is, based on the Torrichelli's theorem proved from Bernoulli's theorem, the proportionality between the liquid depth h and the flow velocity v of the absorbing liquid flowing down from the absorbing liquid spraying hole of the reservoir tray is proportional to the following formula: A relationship is established.
v 2 / (2 g) = h
Here, g is a gravitational acceleration.
On the other hand, if the opening area of the absorbing liquid spraying hole of the liquid reservoir tray is A, the flow rate Q of the absorbing liquid sprayed from the absorbing liquid spraying hole of the liquid reservoir tray is:
Q = Av.
From these, if the area of the absorption liquid spray hole of each liquid storage tray is formed to be constant, the liquid depth is maintained at a predetermined amount, so that a predetermined amount of water is absorbed from the absorption liquid spray hole of the liquid storage tray to the refrigerant absorption part. Absorbing liquid can be supplied.
Therefore, compared to the case where an orifice or a flow rate adjustment valve is provided to supply a predetermined amount of absorbing liquid to the liquid storage tray, an absorber of a type that supplies a supercooled absorbing liquid and absorbs refrigerant is provided. It can be configured at a low cost , and a predetermined amount of absorbing liquid can be supplied to the refrigerant absorbing portion.

請求項２に係る発明は、前述のような目的を達成するために、
横側面に蒸発器に連なって冷媒蒸気を導入する導入路を備えた吸収器本体と、前記吸収器本体内に設けられて吸収液を液滴状に散布する吸収液散布手段と、前記吸収液散布手段の下方に設けられて前記吸収液散布手段から散布される冷媒蒸気を吸収する冷媒吸収部とを備えた吸収式冷凍機の吸収器であって、
前記吸収液散布手段を、吸収液を所定の液深で溜める液溜めトレイの底面に水平方向に分散して吸収液散布孔を設けて構成するとともに、前記冷媒吸収部を、内部に冷却流体を通す伝熱管を水平方向および鉛直方向に間隔を隔てて設け、前記液溜めトレイから散布される吸収液の液膜を前記伝熱管の表面に形成させるように構成し、
前記吸収液散布手段および前記冷媒吸収部を鉛直方向に複数個設けるとともに、前記液溜めトレイそれぞれに、前記液溜めトレイ内の液深を所定量に維持するように前記液溜めトレイ内の吸収液をオーバーフローするオーバーフロー機構を備えたことを特徴としている。 In order to achieve the above-described object, the invention according to claim 2
An absorber main body provided with an introduction path for introducing refrigerant vapor connected to the evaporator on a lateral side surface, an absorbing liquid spraying means provided in the absorber main body for spraying the absorbing liquid in droplets, and the absorbing liquid An absorber of an absorption refrigeration machine provided with a refrigerant absorbing section provided below the spraying means and absorbing the refrigerant vapor sprayed from the absorbing liquid spraying means,
The absorbing liquid spraying means is configured by dispersing horizontally in the bottom surface of a liquid storage tray for storing the absorbing liquid at a predetermined liquid depth and providing absorbing liquid spraying holes, and the refrigerant absorbing portion includes cooling fluid therein. The heat transfer tubes are arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the liquid film of the absorbing liquid sprayed from the liquid storage tray is formed on the surface of the heat transfer tubes,
A plurality of the absorbing liquid spraying means and the refrigerant absorbing portion are provided in the vertical direction, and the absorbing liquid in the liquid reservoir tray is maintained in each of the liquid reservoir trays so that the liquid depth in the liquid reservoir tray is maintained at a predetermined amount. It is characterized by having an overflow mechanism that overflows.

（作用・効果）
請求項２に係る発明の吸収式冷凍機の吸収器の構成によれば、液溜めトレイそれぞれにおいて、オーバーフロー機構により、所定の液深を確保して液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔から冷媒吸収部に所定量の吸収液を液滴状に散布することができる。
すなわち、ベルヌーイの定理から証明されるトリチェリの定理に基づいて、液深ｈと液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔から流下される吸収液の流速ｖとの間に、下記式で示されるように比例関係が成立する。
ｖ ２ ／（２ｇ）＝ｈ
ここで、ｇは重力加速度である。
一方、液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔の開口面積をＡとすれば、液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔から散布される吸収液の流量Ｑは、
Ｑ＝Ａｖとなる。
これらから、各液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔の面積が一定に形成されていれば、液深を所定量に維持することで、液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔から冷媒吸収部に所定量の吸収液を供給することができる。
したがって、液溜めトレイに所定量の吸収液を供給するために、オリフィスや流量調整弁を設ける場合に比べ、構成が簡単で冷却流体を通す伝熱管の表面に形成させた薄膜状の吸収液に冷媒を吸収させるタイプの吸収器を安価に構成でき、かつ、良好に冷媒吸収部に所定量の吸収液を供給できる。 (Action / Effect)
According to the configuration of the absorber of the absorption refrigerator of the invention according to claim 2, in each of the liquid storage trays, a predetermined liquid depth is secured by an overflow mechanism, and the refrigerant absorbing portion is disposed from the absorption liquid spray hole of the liquid storage tray. A predetermined amount of absorbing liquid can be sprayed in the form of droplets.
That is, based on the Torrichelli's theorem proved from Bernoulli's theorem, the proportionality between the liquid depth h and the flow velocity v of the absorbing liquid flowing down from the absorbing liquid spraying hole of the reservoir tray is proportional to the following formula: A relationship is established.
v 2 / (2 g) = h
Here, g is a gravitational acceleration.
On the other hand, if the opening area of the absorbing liquid spraying hole of the liquid reservoir tray is A, the flow rate Q of the absorbing liquid sprayed from the absorbing liquid spraying hole of the liquid reservoir tray is:
Q = Av.
From these, if the area of the absorption liquid spray hole of each liquid storage tray is formed to be constant, the liquid depth is maintained at a predetermined amount, so that a predetermined amount of water is absorbed from the absorption liquid spray hole of the liquid storage tray to the refrigerant absorption part. Absorbing liquid can be supplied.
Therefore, compared with the case where an orifice or a flow rate adjusting valve is provided to supply a predetermined amount of absorbing liquid to the liquid storage tray, the structure is simple and the thin-film absorbing liquid formed on the surface of the heat transfer tube through which the cooling fluid passes is used. An absorber of the type that absorbs the refrigerant can be configured at low cost, and a predetermined amount of absorbing liquid can be supplied to the refrigerant absorber.

請求項３に係る発明は、前述のような目的を達成するために、
請求項１または請求項２に記載の吸収式冷凍機の吸収器において、
液溜めトレイから吸収液がオーバーフローする位置を調整して前記液溜めトレイに溜める吸収液の液深を調整可能に構成する。 In order to achieve the above-described object, the invention according to claim 3
In the absorber of the absorption refrigerator according to claim 1 or 2,
By adjusting the position where the absorbing liquid overflows from the liquid storage tray, the depth of the absorbing liquid stored in the liquid storage tray can be adjusted .

（作用・効果）
請求項３に係る発明の吸収式冷凍機の吸収器の構成によれば、液溜めトレイ内の液深を調整できる。 (Action / Effect)
According to the configuration of the absorber of the absorption refrigerator of the invention according to claim 3, the liquid depth in the liquid storage tray can be adjusted.

請求項４に係る発明は、前述のような目的を達成するために、
請求項１、請求項２、請求項３のいずれかに記載の吸収式冷凍機の吸収器において、
鉛直方向で隣り合う液溜めトレイ間で、オーバーフロー機構の吸収液流入端の位置が液溜めトレイの中心に対して対称になるように、前記オーバーフロー機構を設けて構成する。
ここで、「液溜めトレイの中心に対して対称になる」とは、液溜めトレイの中心に対して点対称になる場合、および、液溜めトレイの中心を通る水平方向の線に対して線対称になる場合を含む。通常の四角形で構成される液溜めトレイにおいて、例えば、ひとつの隅にオーバーフロー機構を設けた場合、点対称になる位置は対角線上の隅になり、一方、線対称になる位置は両隣の隅になる。したがって、どのような傾きに対しても液深が平均化されることを考慮すれば、点対称になるようにするのが好ましい。 In order to achieve the above-described object, the invention according to claim 4
In the absorber of the absorption refrigerator according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3 ,
The overflow mechanism is provided and configured so that the position of the absorption liquid inflow end of the overflow mechanism is symmetrical with respect to the center of the liquid storage tray between the liquid storage trays adjacent in the vertical direction .
Here, “being symmetric with respect to the center of the liquid storage tray” means that the line is symmetrical with respect to the center of the liquid storage tray and with respect to a horizontal line passing through the center of the liquid storage tray. Including the case of symmetry. For example, when an overflow mechanism is provided at one corner of a liquid storage tray that is composed of a regular rectangle, the point-symmetrical position is the diagonal corner, while the line-symmetrical position is the adjacent corner. Become. Therefore, it is preferable that the liquid depth be point-symmetric considering that the liquid depth is averaged for any inclination.

（作用・効果）
請求項４に係る発明の吸収式冷凍機の吸収器の構成によれば、吸収器が微小に傾き、上下の液溜めトレイにおいて、上の液溜めトレイでオーバーフロー機構の吸収液流入端の位置がその液溜めトレイの平均液深より浅い場合に、下の液溜めトレイでは、オーバーフロー機構の吸収液流入端の位置がその液溜めトレイの平均液深より深くなり、上下の液溜めトレイ間で液溜めトレイの液深を平均化することができる。
したがって、例えば、組み付け時の微小な誤差とか、組み付け後の振動などによって吸収式冷凍機の機体が傾くなどに起因して吸収器が傾いたとしても、上下の冷媒吸収部の吸収性能の増減を相殺することができ、全体としての吸収性能の変動を抑えることができる。 (Action / Effect)
According to the configuration of the absorber of the absorption refrigerator of the invention according to claim 4, the absorber is slightly inclined, and in the upper and lower liquid storage trays, the position of the absorption liquid inflow end of the overflow mechanism is the upper liquid storage tray. When it is shallower than the average liquid depth of the sump tray, in the lower sump tray, the position of the absorption liquid inflow end of the overflow mechanism is deeper than the mean liquid depth of the sump tray, and there is no liquid between the upper and lower sump trays. The liquid depth of the reservoir tray can be averaged.
Therefore, even if the absorber is tilted due to, for example, a minute error during assembly or the body of the absorption chiller tilted due to vibration after assembly, etc., the absorption performance of the upper and lower refrigerant absorbers will increase or decrease. It is possible to cancel, and it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the absorption performance as a whole.

以上の説明から明らかなように、請求項１に係る発明の吸収式冷凍機の吸収器の構成によれば、液溜めトレイそれぞれにおいて、オーバーフロー機構により、所定の液深を確保して液溜めトレイの吸収液散布孔から冷媒吸収部に所定量の吸収液を液滴状に散布することができる。
したがって、液溜めトレイに所定量の吸収液を供給するために、オリフィスや流量調整弁を設ける場合に比べ、構成が簡単で過冷却した吸収液を供給して冷媒を吸収させるタイプの吸収器を安価に構成でき、かつ、良好に冷媒吸収部に所定量の吸収液を供給できる。
また、請求項２に係る発明の吸収式冷凍機の吸収器の構成によれば、液溜めトレイに所定量の吸収液を供給するために、オリフィスや流量調整弁を設ける場合に比べ、構成が簡単で冷却流体を通す伝熱管の表面に形成させた薄膜状の吸収液に冷媒を吸収させるタイプの吸収器を安価に構成でき、かつ、良好に冷媒吸収部に所定量の吸収液を供給できる。 As is apparent from the above description, according to the configuration of the absorber of the absorption refrigerator of the invention according to claim 1, in each of the liquid storage trays, a predetermined liquid depth is secured by an overflow mechanism, and the liquid storage tray A predetermined amount of absorbing liquid can be sprayed from the absorbing liquid spraying hole to the refrigerant absorbing portion in the form of droplets.
Therefore, compared to the case where an orifice or a flow rate adjustment valve is provided to supply a predetermined amount of absorbing liquid to the liquid storage tray, an absorber of a type that supplies a supercooled absorbing liquid and absorbs refrigerant is provided. It can be configured at a low cost , and a predetermined amount of absorbing liquid can be supplied to the refrigerant absorbing portion.
Moreover, according to the structure of the absorber of the absorption refrigerator of the invention which concerns on Claim 2, compared with the case where an orifice and a flow regulating valve are provided in order to supply a predetermined amount of absorption liquid to the liquid storage tray, A simple absorber that absorbs the refrigerant in the thin film-like absorption liquid formed on the surface of the heat transfer tube through which the cooling fluid passes can be constructed at low cost, and a predetermined amount of the absorption liquid can be satisfactorily supplied to the refrigerant absorption section. .

本発明に係る吸収式冷凍機の吸収器の実施例１を示す全体概略構成図である。It is a whole schematic block diagram which shows Example 1 of the absorber of the absorption refrigerator which concerns on this invention. 液溜めトレイの平面図である。It is a top view of a liquid reservoir tray. 図２の一部省略Ａ−Ａ線拡大断面図である。FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2. 本発明に係る吸収式冷凍機の吸収器の実施例２を示す全体概略構成図である。It is a whole schematic block diagram which shows Example 2 of the absorber of the absorption refrigerator which concerns on this invention.

次に、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。   Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図１は、本発明に係る吸収式冷凍機の実施例１を示す全体概略構成図であり、ガスエンジン（図示せず）のエンジン冷却部からの排熱（エンジン冷却水）を加熱媒体として供給する再生器１内に、低圧下でエンジン冷却水（例えば、温度85℃）によって沸騰可能な、水を冷媒とし、かつ、リチウムブロマイドを吸収剤としたリチウムブロマイド水溶液（吸収液）が収容されている。   FIG. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram showing an absorption refrigerator according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which supplies exhaust heat (engine cooling water) from an engine cooling section of a gas engine (not shown) as a heating medium. In the regenerator 1, a lithium bromide aqueous solution (absorbing liquid) that can be boiled by engine cooling water (for example, temperature 85 ° C.) under low pressure and that uses water as a refrigerant and lithium bromide as an absorbent is contained. Yes.

再生器１には、吸収液から分離された冷媒蒸気を供給するように凝縮器２が第１の配管３を介して連通接続され、再生器１に第２の配管４を介して吸収器５が接続されるとともに、凝縮器２に第３の配管６を介して蒸発器７が接続され、更に、吸収器５と蒸発器７とが冷媒蒸気の導入路を形成するエリミネータ８を介して連通接続され、吸収式冷凍機が構成されている。   A condenser 2 is connected to the regenerator 1 through a first pipe 3 so as to supply refrigerant vapor separated from the absorbent, and the absorber 5 is connected to the regenerator 1 through a second pipe 4. Is connected to the condenser 2 via the third pipe 6, and the absorber 5 and the evaporator 7 communicate with each other via an eliminator 8 that forms a refrigerant vapor introduction path. Connected to form an absorption refrigerator.

凝縮器２は、再生器１からの冷媒蒸気を流すフィン付きの熱交換用パイプ９と、その熱交換用パイプ９に外気を供給するファン１０と、液溜め１１とから構成され、冷媒蒸気を空冷によって凝縮液化し、その液化した冷媒液を液溜め１１に溜め、液溜め１１から蒸発器７に供給するようになっている。   The condenser 2 includes a heat exchange pipe 9 with fins through which refrigerant vapor from the regenerator 1 flows, a fan 10 that supplies outside air to the heat exchange pipe 9, and a liquid reservoir 11. The liquid is condensed and liquefied by air cooling, and the liquefied refrigerant liquid is stored in the liquid reservoir 11 and supplied from the liquid reservoir 11 to the evaporator 7.

蒸発器７は、散布ノズル１２を付設した冷媒液用液溜め部１３と、冷媒液用液溜め部１３から流下される冷媒液を分散させる分散板１４とから構成されている。
蒸発器７の下部と冷媒液用液溜め部１３とにわたって、冷媒ポンプ１５および冷熱取り出し用熱交換器１６を介装した循環配管１７が接続されている。
冷熱取り出し用熱交換器１６に、ガスヒートポンプ用の冷媒入口管１８と冷媒出口管１９とが接続され、吸収器５における吸収液による冷媒の吸収に伴って冷媒液を蒸発冷却し、その冷却冷媒液によってガスヒートポンプ用の冷媒を冷却するようになっている。 The evaporator 7 includes a refrigerant liquid reservoir 13 provided with a spray nozzle 12 and a dispersion plate 14 for dispersing the refrigerant liquid flowing down from the refrigerant liquid reservoir 13.
A circulation pipe 17 including a refrigerant pump 15 and a cold heat extraction heat exchanger 16 is connected to the lower portion of the evaporator 7 and the liquid reservoir portion 13.
A refrigerant inlet pipe 18 and a refrigerant outlet pipe 19 for a gas heat pump are connected to the heat exchanger 16 for extracting cold heat, and the refrigerant liquid is evaporated and cooled along with absorption of the refrigerant by the absorbing liquid in the absorber 5, and the cooling refrigerant The refrigerant for the gas heat pump is cooled by the liquid.

吸収器５は、蒸発器７と一体構成の吸収器本体２０内に、吸収液を液滴状に散布する吸収液散布手段２１が水平方向および鉛直方向それぞれに複数個備えられて構成され、かつ、吸収液散布手段２１それぞれの下方に冷媒吸収部２２が設けられている。
冷媒吸収部２２は、同一仕様のトレイ２３を鉛直方向に所定ピッチで６段設けて構成されている。
吸収液散布手段２１は、図２の液溜めトレイの平面図、および、図３の一部省略断面側面図（図２の一部省略Ａ−Ａ線拡大断面図）に示すように、吸収液を所定の液深で溜める液溜めトレイ２４の底面に水平方向に分散して吸収液散布孔２５を設けて構成されている。 The absorber 5 is configured such that a plurality of absorbing liquid spraying means 21 for spraying the absorbing liquid in the form of droplets are provided in each of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the absorber body 20 that is integrated with the evaporator 7. The refrigerant absorbing part 22 is provided below each of the absorbing liquid spraying means 21.
The refrigerant absorber 22 is configured by providing six trays 23 having the same specifications in the vertical direction at a predetermined pitch.
As shown in the plan view of the liquid storage tray in FIG. 2 and the partially omitted sectional side view in FIG. 3 (partially omitted sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2), In the horizontal direction in the bottom of the liquid storage tray 24 for storing the liquid at a predetermined liquid depth.

液溜めトレイ２４の一具体例を示せば、次の通りである。
液溜めトレイ２４の下方に、６個のトレイ２３をピッチ３０ｍｍで設け、液溜めトレイ２４の下面（吸収液散布開始面）から下部の液溜めの液面までの高さを２６６ｍｍにした。
トレイ２３それぞれとしては、幅（冷媒蒸気の流れ方向に直交する方向の長さ）２５５ｍｍ、奥行き（冷媒蒸気の流れ方向の長さ）２３０ｍｍ、厚み１０ｍｍで、バーリング加工により、直径１．６ｍｍの吸収液散布孔を冷媒蒸気の流れ方向に直交する方向に２３ｍｍピッチ（１１列）、冷媒蒸気の流れ方向に３ｍｍピッチ（７５列）で合計８２５個形成したものを用いた。この吸収液散布孔の形態および個数については、液溜めトレイ２４の吸収液散布孔２５も同様である。図面では鉛直に示しているが、トレイ２３の冷媒蒸気導入側の側壁を、上流側ほど高くなる傾斜面に構成したものを用いた（特開２００９−６８７２３号公報参照）。液溜めトレイ２４については、側壁が鉛直で、かつ、トレイ２３の側壁よりも高いもので構成している。 A specific example of the liquid storage tray 24 is as follows.
Six trays 23 are provided below the liquid storage tray 24 at a pitch of 30 mm, and the height from the lower surface of the liquid storage tray 24 (absorbing liquid dispersion start surface) to the liquid surface of the lower liquid storage is 266 mm.
Each of the trays 23 has a width (length in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor) of 255 mm, a depth (length in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor) of 230 mm, a thickness of 10 mm, and an absorption of 1.6 mm in diameter by burring. A total of 825 liquid spray holes having a pitch of 23 mm (11 rows) in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor and a pitch of 3 mm (75 rows) in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor were used. About the form and the number of the absorbing liquid spraying holes, the absorbing liquid spraying holes 25 of the liquid storage tray 24 are the same. Although shown vertically in the drawing, the one in which the side wall on the refrigerant vapor introduction side of the tray 23 is configured to have an inclined surface that becomes higher toward the upstream side is used (see JP 2009-68723 A). The liquid storage tray 24 has a side wall that is vertical and higher than the side wall of the tray 23.

各液溜めトレイ２４それぞれの隅部に、吸収液流入端位置を特定の液深にしてオーバーフローさせる状態で、オーバーフロー機構としてのオーバーフロー管２６が付設されている。
また、鉛直方向で隣り合う液溜めトレイ２４，２４間で、液溜めトレイ２４の中心を通る鉛直軸芯周りで１８０°回転させるなどにより、オーバーフロー管２６の吸収液流入端の位置が液溜めトレイ２４の中心に対して対称になるように、オーバーフロー管２６が液溜めトレイ２４に設けられている。 An overflow pipe 26 serving as an overflow mechanism is attached to each corner of each liquid storage tray 24 in a state where the absorption liquid inflow end position is overflowed with a specific liquid depth.
Further, the position of the absorbing liquid inflow end of the overflow pipe 26 is set between the liquid storage trays 24 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction by rotating around the vertical axis passing through the center of the liquid storage tray 24 by, for example, the liquid storage tray. An overflow pipe 26 is provided in the liquid storage tray 24 so as to be symmetric with respect to the center of the liquid 24.

上記構成により、流量調整弁を設けずに、簡単な構成で液溜めトレイ２４から冷媒吸収部２２に所定量の吸収液を液滴状に散布して供給できる。
また、上の液溜めトレイ２４でオーバーフロー管２６の吸収液流入端の位置がその液溜めトレイ２４の平均液深より浅い場合に、下の液溜めトレイ２４では、オーバーフロー管２６の吸収液流入端の位置がその液溜めトレイ２４の平均液深より深くなり、上下の液溜めトレイ２４の液深を平均化することができ、吸収式冷凍機の機体が傾くなどに起因して吸収器が傾いたとしても、上下の冷媒吸収部２２の吸収性能の増減を相殺して、全体としての吸収性能の変動を抑えることができる。 With the above configuration, a predetermined amount of absorbing liquid can be sprayed and supplied from the liquid storage tray 24 to the refrigerant absorbing portion 22 with a simple configuration without providing a flow rate adjusting valve.
Further, when the position of the absorption liquid inflow end of the overflow pipe 26 is shallower than the average liquid depth of the liquid storage tray 24 in the upper liquid storage tray 24, the absorption liquid inflow end of the overflow pipe 26 in the lower liquid storage tray 24. Is deeper than the average liquid depth of the liquid storage tray 24, the liquid depth of the upper and lower liquid storage trays 24 can be averaged, and the absorber tilts due to the tilting of the body of the absorption refrigerator. Even so, the fluctuation in the absorption performance as a whole can be suppressed by offsetting the increase and decrease in the absorption performance of the upper and lower refrigerant absorption sections 22.

各液溜めトレイ２４それぞれと吸収器５の下部とが、吸収液ポンプ２７と過冷却器２８とを介装した第４の配管２９を介して接続され、吸収液を循環しながら過冷却し、吸収液に吸収させる冷媒量を増加するようになっている。
第４の配管２９の吸収器本体２０と吸収液ポンプ２７との間の箇所と再生器１とにわたって第５の配管３０が接続され、再生器１からの吸収液濃度が高い濃吸収液を混合して吸収液散布手段２１に供給するように構成されている。 Each of the liquid storage trays 24 and the lower part of the absorber 5 are connected via a fourth pipe 29 provided with an absorption liquid pump 27 and a supercooler 28, and are supercooled while circulating the absorption liquid. The amount of refrigerant to be absorbed by the absorbing liquid is increased.
A fifth pipe 30 is connected across the regenerator 1 and the portion between the absorber main body 20 and the absorbent pump 27 of the fourth pipe 29, and a concentrated absorbent having a high absorbent concentration from the regenerator 1 is mixed. Then, it is configured to be supplied to the absorbing liquid spraying means 21.

最下部のものを除いて、冷媒吸収部２２の下方箇所に、冷媒を吸収した吸収液濃度の低い希吸収液を受け留める希吸収液トレイ３１が設けられ、各希吸収液トレイ３１に回収配管３２が接続され、冷媒を吸収した吸収液濃度の低い希吸収液を吸収器本体２０の下部に流下するように構成されている。
第２の配管４に希吸収液ポンプ３３が介装され、その第２の配管４と第５の配管３０との間に熱交換器３４が設けられ、再生器１に戻す希吸収液を、再生器１から吸収器５に流す濃吸収液によって加熱するようになっている。 Except for the lowermost one, a rare absorbent liquid tray 31 is provided below the refrigerant absorption section 22 to receive a rare absorbent having a low concentration of absorbent that has absorbed the refrigerant, and each rare absorbent tray 31 has a recovery pipe. 32 is connected, and a dilute absorbent having a low absorbent concentration that has absorbed the refrigerant flows down to the lower part of the absorber body 20.
A rare absorbent pump 33 is interposed in the second pipe 4, a heat exchanger 34 is provided between the second pipe 4 and the fifth pipe 30, and the rare absorbent returned to the regenerator 1 is Heating is performed by a concentrated absorbent flowing from the regenerator 1 to the absorber 5.

再生器１は、再生器本体３５内に、外面を伝熱面に形成した伝熱部材としての鉛直方向の伝熱面を有するプレート３６を水平方向に並設し、プレート３６の下部に、エンジン冷却後のエンジン冷却水をプレート３６内に供給する加熱媒体供給管３７を接続し、一方、プレート３６の上部に、吸収液との熱交換によって冷却されたエンジン冷却水をプレート３６内から取り出す加熱媒体取り出し管３８を接続して構成されている。   In the regenerator 1, a plate 36 having a heat transfer surface in the vertical direction as a heat transfer member having an outer surface formed as a heat transfer surface is provided in the regenerator main body 35 in parallel in the horizontal direction. A heating medium supply pipe 37 for supplying the cooled engine cooling water into the plate 36 is connected, and on the other hand, the engine cooling water cooled by heat exchange with the absorbing liquid is taken out from the plate 36 at the upper part of the plate 36. A medium take-out pipe 38 is connected.

図４は、本発明に係る吸収式冷凍機の実施例２の全体概略構成図であり、実施例１と異なるところは、次の通りである。
すなわち、冷媒吸収部２２が、内部に冷却流体としてのクーリングタワーからの冷却水などを通す伝熱管４１を水平方向および鉛直方向に間隔を隔てて設け、液溜めトレイ２４から散布される吸収液の液膜を伝熱管４１の表面に形成させるように構成されている。
伝熱管４１には、冷却水配管４２が接続されている。 FIG. 4 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of Embodiment 2 of the absorption refrigerator according to the present invention, and the differences from Embodiment 1 are as follows.
That is, the refrigerant absorbing section 22 is provided with heat transfer tubes 41 through which cooling water from a cooling tower as a cooling fluid is passed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction at intervals, and the liquid of the absorbing liquid sprayed from the liquid storage tray 24 A film is formed on the surface of the heat transfer tube 41.
A cooling water pipe 42 is connected to the heat transfer pipe 41.

図示しないが、液溜めトレイ２４の底面に、伝熱管４１の鉛直方向上方に相当する箇所に、その長手方向に沿って所定ピッチで、伝熱管４１の表面に吸収液を散布して液膜を形成するように吸収液散布孔が設けられている。液溜めトレイ２４にオーバーフロー管２６を備える構成、ならびに、他の構成は実施例１と同じであり、同一図番を付し、その説明は省略する。   Although not shown, a liquid film is formed on the bottom surface of the liquid storage tray 24 by spraying the absorbing liquid on the surface of the heat transfer tube 41 at a predetermined pitch along the longitudinal direction at a position corresponding to the upper part of the heat transfer tube 41 in the vertical direction. Absorbing liquid spray holes are provided so as to form. The configuration including the overflow pipe 26 in the liquid storage tray 24 and other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the same reference numerals are given, and the description thereof is omitted.

上記実施例では、オーバーフロー機構をオーバーフロー管２６で構成しているが、例えば、液溜めトレイ２４の側壁に、最下部位置が所定の液深になるように切欠きを設け、その切欠きを通じて吸収液をオーバーフローさせるように構成するものでも良い。
また、例えば、オーバーフロー管４１の吸収液流入端部分に、吸収液流入用開口を形成した筒状のネジを螺合させ、その筒状のネジを回転させることにより、吸収液流入用開口を上下させて液深を調整できるようにしても良い。同様に、切欠きを設ける場合であれば、切欠きに対して鉛直方向で傾斜した端面を備える板状部材を、液溜めトレイ２４の側壁に水平方向にスライド可能に設け、実質的に吸収液がオーバーフローする切欠きの下端位置を上下させて液深を調整できるようにしても良い。 In the above embodiment, the overflow mechanism is constituted by the overflow pipe 26. For example, a notch is provided on the side wall of the liquid storage tray 24 so that the lowermost position has a predetermined liquid depth, and absorption is performed through the notch. It may be configured to overflow the liquid.
Further, for example, a cylindrical screw having an absorption liquid inflow opening is engaged with the absorption liquid inflow end portion of the overflow pipe 41, and the absorption liquid inflow opening is moved up and down by rotating the cylindrical screw. It may be possible to adjust the liquid depth. Similarly, in the case of providing a notch, a plate-like member having an end surface inclined in the vertical direction with respect to the notch is provided on the side wall of the liquid storage tray 24 so as to be slidable in the horizontal direction. The liquid depth may be adjusted by raising and lowering the lower end position of the notch where the liquid overflows.

５…吸収器
７…蒸発器
８…エリミネータ（導入路）
２０…吸収器本体
２１…吸収液散布手段
２２…冷媒吸収部
２３…トレイ
２４…液溜めトレイ
２５…吸収液散布孔
２６オーバーフロー管（オーバーフロー機構）
２８…過冷却器
４１…伝熱管 5 ... Absorber 7 ... Evaporator 8 ... Eliminator (introduction path)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 ... Absorber main body 21 ... Absorbing liquid spraying means 22 ... Refrigerant absorption part 23 ... Tray 24 ... Liquid reservoir tray 25 ... Absorbing liquid spraying hole 26 Overflow pipe (overflow mechanism)
28 ... Supercooler 41 ... Heat transfer tube

Claims (4)

横側面に蒸発器に連なって冷媒蒸気を導入する導入路を備えた吸収器本体と、前記吸収器本体内に設けられて吸収液を液滴状に散布する吸収液散布手段と、前記吸収液散布手段の下方に設けられて前記吸収液散布手段から散布される冷媒蒸気を吸収する冷媒吸収部とを備えた吸収式冷凍機の吸収器であって、
前記吸収液散布手段を、吸収液を所定の液深で溜める液溜めトレイの底面に水平方向に分散して吸収液散布孔を設けて構成するとともに、前記冷媒吸収部を、前記液溜めトレイから散布されて冷媒蒸気を吸収した吸収液の液滴を受け留めるトレイを鉛直方向に複数個設け、前記トレイに、受け留めた吸収液を分散して液滴状に散布する吸収液散布孔を水平方向に分散して形成して構成し、
前記液溜めトレイに供給する吸収液を過冷却する過冷却器を備え、
前記吸収液散布手段および前記冷媒吸収部を鉛直方向に複数個設けるとともに、前記液溜めトレイそれぞれに、前記液溜めトレイ内の液深を所定量に維持するように前記液溜めトレイ内の吸収液をオーバーフローするオーバーフロー機構を備えたことを特徴とする吸収式冷凍機の吸収器。 An absorber main body provided with an introduction path for introducing refrigerant vapor connected to the evaporator on a lateral side surface, an absorbing liquid spraying means provided in the absorber main body for spraying the absorbing liquid in droplets, and the absorbing liquid An absorber of an absorption refrigeration machine provided with a refrigerant absorbing section provided below the spraying means and absorbing the refrigerant vapor sprayed from the absorbing liquid spraying means,
The absorbing liquid spraying means is configured by dispersing the absorbing liquid in a horizontal direction on the bottom surface of the liquid storage tray for storing the absorbing liquid at a predetermined depth to provide an absorbing liquid spraying hole, and the refrigerant absorbing portion is connected to the liquid storage tray. A plurality of trays are provided in the vertical direction for receiving the droplets of the absorbing liquid that has been sprayed and absorbed the refrigerant vapor, and the absorbing liquid spraying holes for dispersing the received absorbing liquid and spraying it in the form of droplets are horizontally disposed on the tray. Formed in a distributed manner,
A supercooler for supercooling the absorbent supplied to the liquid storage tray;
A plurality of the absorbing liquid spraying means and the refrigerant absorbing portion are provided in the vertical direction, and the absorbing liquid in the liquid reservoir tray is maintained in each of the liquid reservoir trays so that the liquid depth in the liquid reservoir tray is maintained at a predetermined amount. An absorber of an absorption refrigeration machine, comprising an overflow mechanism for overflowing. 横側面に蒸発器に連なって冷媒蒸気を導入する導入路を備えた吸収器本体と、前記吸収器本体内に設けられて吸収液を液滴状に散布する吸収液散布手段と、前記吸収液散布手段の下方に設けられて前記吸収液散布手段から散布される冷媒蒸気を吸収する冷媒吸収部とを備えた吸収式冷凍機の吸収器であって、
前記吸収液散布手段を、吸収液を所定の液深で溜める液溜めトレイの底面に水平方向に分散して吸収液散布孔を設けて構成するとともに、前記冷媒吸収部を、内部に冷却流体を通す伝熱管を水平方向および鉛直方向に間隔を隔てて設け、前記液溜めトレイから散布される吸収液の液膜を前記伝熱管の表面に形成させるように構成し、
前記吸収液散布手段および前記冷媒吸収部を鉛直方向に複数個設けるとともに、前記液溜めトレイそれぞれに、前記液溜めトレイ内の液深を所定量に維持するように前記液溜めトレイ内の吸収液をオーバーフローするオーバーフロー機構を備えたことを特徴とする吸収式冷凍機の吸収器。 An absorber main body provided with an introduction path for introducing refrigerant vapor connected to the evaporator on a lateral side surface, an absorbing liquid spraying means provided in the absorber main body for spraying the absorbing liquid in droplets, and the absorbing liquid An absorber of an absorption refrigeration machine provided with a refrigerant absorbing section provided below the spraying means and absorbing the refrigerant vapor sprayed from the absorbing liquid spraying means,
The absorbing liquid spraying means is configured by dispersing horizontally in the bottom surface of a liquid storage tray for storing the absorbing liquid at a predetermined liquid depth and providing absorbing liquid spraying holes, and the refrigerant absorbing portion includes cooling fluid therein. The heat transfer tubes are arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the liquid film of the absorbing liquid sprayed from the liquid storage tray is formed on the surface of the heat transfer tubes,
A plurality of the absorbing liquid spraying means and the refrigerant absorbing portion are provided in the vertical direction, and the absorbing liquid in the liquid reservoir tray is maintained in each of the liquid reservoir trays so that the liquid depth in the liquid reservoir tray is maintained at a predetermined amount. An absorber of an absorption refrigeration machine, comprising an overflow mechanism for overflowing . 請求項１または請求項２に記載の吸収式冷凍機の吸収器において、
液溜めトレイから吸収液がオーバーフローする位置を調整して前記液溜めトレイに溜める吸収液の液深を調整可能に構成してある吸収式冷凍機の吸収器。 In the absorber of the absorption refrigerator according to claim 1 or 2,
An absorber of an absorption refrigerating machine configured to be capable of adjusting a liquid depth of an absorbing liquid stored in the liquid storage tray by adjusting a position where the absorbing liquid overflows from the liquid storage tray . 請求項１、請求項２、請求項３のいずれかに記載の吸収式冷凍機の吸収器において、
鉛直方向で隣り合う液溜めトレイ間で、オーバーフロー機構の吸収液流入端の位置が液溜めトレイの中心に対して対称になるように、前記オーバーフロー機構を設けている吸収式冷凍機の吸収器。 In the absorber of the absorption refrigerator according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3 ,
An absorber of an absorption refrigeration machine provided with the overflow mechanism so that the position of the absorption liquid inflow end of the overflow mechanism is symmetrical with respect to the center of the liquid storage tray between the liquid storage trays adjacent in the vertical direction .
JP2012129873A 2012-06-07 2012-06-07 Absorption refrigerator absorber Expired - Fee Related JP5946332B2 (en)

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