JP5939366B1 - スクラバの海水量制御装置、スクラバの海水量制御方法及びアルカリ量制御装置 - Google Patents
スクラバの海水量制御装置、スクラバの海水量制御方法及びアルカリ量制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 476
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims description 143
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 90
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
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Abstract
Description
HCO3 −の分子量=1.008+12.01+16.00×3=61.018
CaCO3の分子量=40.08+12.01+16.00×3=100.09
(15340+2134×2+900+71)/10000000*61.018*1000=125.5689≒125.6mg/kg
海水のCaCO3換算でのアルカリ度
=125.6×1.024×(100.09/2)/61.018
=105.49≒105mg/L
B=a×f×(1000/V)×5.004
・B:アルカリ度〔pH4.8〕(mg/L(CaCO3換算))
・a:滴下したHClの量(mL)
・f:滴下したHClの濃度(0.1mol/L)
・V:海水サンプリング量(50mL)
・5.004:係数
アルカリ係数=105/B
・エンジン20(図1参照)の定格出力:10MW
・エンジン20の出力あたりの燃料消費量:0.2kg/kWh
・硫黄の分子量:32.07g/mol
・炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3)の分子量:100.09g/mol
・海水のアルカリ度:105mg/L(上記標準組成TEOS−10参照)
また、重油硫黄濃度設定器60には、あらかじめ燃料中の硫黄濃度:3wt%が入力されているものとする。
燃料消費量=0.5×10,000kW×0.2kg/kWh=1,000kg/h
この燃料消費量の算出結果と、燃料中の硫黄濃度(3wt%)とから、硫黄分の質量流量として30kg/hが算出される。
100.09/32.07=3.12g
また、硫黄1gに対し、亜硫酸までの酸化・吸収に消費するアルカリ度が下記のように算出される。
3.12/2=1.56g
最低海水量=46.8/0.1=468m3/h
Claims (15)
- 排ガス中に含まれる硫黄酸化物を海水と接触させて洗浄するスクラバに供給する海水量を制御するスクラバの海水量制御装置であって、
エンジン出力、燃料油の硫黄分、運行海域に応じた海水のアルカリ度及び前記運行海域の硫黄酸化物濃度の規制値から、海水による硫黄酸化物の吸収反応に最低必要な最低海水量を算出する最低海水量換算器と、
前記スクラバから大気中へ排気される排ガスに含まれる硫黄酸化物の濃度と前記規制値から定められる硫黄酸化物濃度の設定値との偏差に基づいて、前記最低海水量に対する補正海水量を算出する海水量補正換算器と、
前記補正海水量で補正された前記最低海水量を前記スクラバに供給するポンプ制御装置と、を備えることを特徴とするスクラバの海水量制御装置。 - 前記運行海域に応じて海水のアルカリ度を設定するアルカリ度設定器を更に備え、
前記最低海水量換算器は、前記アルカリ度設定器により設定された前記アルカリ度に基づき、前記スクラバに供給する海水量を調整することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のスクラバの海水量制御装置。 - 前記アルカリ度設定器は、複数の前記運行海域についてのアルカリ度を記憶していることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のスクラバの海水量制御装置。
- 現在位置を測定し、この現在位置に基づいた運行海域情報を出力するGPSを更に備え、
前記アルカリ度設定器は、前記GPSから出力された運行海域情報に基づき、前記アルカリ度を設定することを特徴とする請求項2または請求項3に記載のスクラバの海水量制御装置。 - 前記海水のアルカリ度を測定するアルカリ度測定器を更に備え、
前記アルカリ度設定器は、前記アルカリ度を記憶していない運行海域で、前記アルカリ度測定器の測定を開始させることを特徴とする請求項2ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のスクラバの海水量制御装置。 - 前記アルカリ度設定器からの指令により、前記運行海域に応じたアルカリ係数を算出するアルカリ係数換算器を更に備え、
前記最低海水量換算器は、前記アルカリ係数に基づき、前記スクラバに供給する海水量を調整することを特徴とする請求項2ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のスクラバの海水量制御装置。 - 前記最低海水量換算器に対し、前記スクラバに供給する海水量を、前記運行海域における二酸化硫黄の排出比率に対応して調整するように指令を出力する排出比率設定器を更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のスクラバの海水量制御装置。
- 前記スクラバから大気中へ排気される排ガスに含まれる硫黄酸化物の濃度と前記規制値から定められる硫黄酸化物濃度の設定値との偏差をPID制御して、前記海水量補正換算器に操作量を与えるPIDコントローラを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のスクラバの海水量制御装置。
- 前記ポンプ制御装置は、複数のインバータと、前記補正海水量で補正された前記最低海水量に応じて前記複数のインバータによるポンプの運転の開始及び停止を行わせるポンプ流量設定器とを有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のスクラバの海水量制御装置。
- 排ガス中に含まれる硫黄酸化物を海水と接触させて洗浄するスクラバに供給する海水量を制御するスクラバの海水量制御方法であって、
エンジン出力、燃料油の硫黄分、運行海域に応じた海水のアルカリ度及び前記運行海域の硫黄酸化物濃度の規制値から、海水による硫黄酸化物の吸収反応に最低必要な最低海水量を算出する工程と、
前記スクラバから大気中へ排気される排ガスに含まれる硫黄酸化物の濃度と前記規制値から定められる硫黄酸化物濃度の設定値との偏差に基づいて、前記最低海水量に対する補正海水量を算出する工程と、
前記最低海水量を前記補正海水量で補正する工程と、
前記補正海水量で補正された前記最低海水量分の海水を前記スクラバに供給するように制御する工程と、を備えることを特徴とするスクラバの海水量制御方法。 - 排ガス中に含まれる硫黄酸化物を海水と接触させて洗浄するスクラバに供給する海水に注入するアルカリ量を制御するアルカリ量制御装置であって、
エンジン出力、燃料油の硫黄分、運行海域に応じた海水のアルカリ度及び前記運行海域の硫黄酸化物濃度の規制値から、海水による硫黄酸化物の吸収反応に最低必要な最低海水量を算出する最低海水量換算器と、
前記スクラバから大気中へ排気される排ガスに含まれる硫黄酸化物の濃度と前記規制値から定められる硫黄酸化物濃度の設定値との偏差に基づいて、前記最低海水量に対する補正海水量を算出する海水量補正換算器と、
前記補正海水量で補正された前記最低海水量を前記スクラバに供給するポンプ制御装置と、
前記補正海水量で補正された前記最低海水量分の海水中に含まれるアルカリ成分量からアルカリ注入量を算出するアルカリ量演算器と、
前記アルカリ量注入量に対応するアルカリ剤を前記スクラバに供給する海水に注入するように制御するアルカリポンプ制御装置と、を備えることを特徴とするアルカリ量制御装置。 - 前記運行海域に応じて海水のアルカリ度を設定するアルカリ度設定器を更に備え、
前記アルカリ量演算器は、前記アルカリ度設定器により設定された前記アルカリ度に基づき、前記アルカリ注入量を調整することを特徴とする請求項11に記載のアルカリ量制御装置。 - 前記スクラバは、洗浄に用いた海水を循環させた循環海水と、洗浄に用いていない新鮮海水とを供給可能に構成されており、
前記補正海水量で補正された前記最低海水量から新鮮海水量を減算した差分の海水量を算出する加減算要素を備え、前記アルカリ量演算器は、前記差分の海水量分の海水中に含まれるアルカリ成分量からアルカリ注入量を算出することを特徴とする請求項11または請求項12に記載のアルカリ量制御装置。 - 前記海水のアルカリ度を測定するアルカリ度測定器を更に備え、
前記アルカリ度設定器は、前記アルカリ度を記憶していない運行海域で、前記アルカリ度測定器の測定を開始させることを特徴とする請求項12または請求項13に記載のアルカリ量制御装置。 - 前記アルカリ量演算器は、前記アルカリ度設定器からの指令により、前記運行海域に応じたアルカリ係数を算出し、前記アルカリ係数に基づき、前記スクラバに供給する海水量を調整することを特徴とする請求項11ないし請求項14のいずれか1項に記載のアルカリ量制御装置。
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