JP5925677B2 - キシロシルトランスフェラーゼ活性の欠損したベンサミアナタバコ(Nicotianabenthamiana)植物 - Google Patents
キシロシルトランスフェラーゼ活性の欠損したベンサミアナタバコ(Nicotianabenthamiana)植物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明では、「種子」は植物の胚珠の連続した分化と、これに続く開花を伴う正常な成熟によって形成されるあらゆる植物の構造を指し、受精して形成されたかどうか、および前記種子構造が稔性であるか不稔であるかどうかに関らない。
タバコ属種、特にベンサミアナタバコ(Nicotiana benthamiana)のXylT遺伝子の機能的XylTタンパク質をコードする野生型XylT核酸配列、および突然変異xylt核酸配列(1つまたは複数の突然変異、好ましくは、コードされたXylTタンパク質の生物学的活性が無い、または、著しく減少している、もしくはXylTタンパク質が産生されない突然変異を含む)の両方を提供する。
突然変異xylt14および/またはxylt19対立遺伝子は(例えば、突然変異誘発により誘発して)生じさせてもよく、および/または、当技術分野において一般的な方法、例えば、indゲノムまたはcDNAの一部または全てを増幅するPCRをベースとした方法を使用して同定してもよい。
配列番号2:配列番号1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号3:ベンサミアナタバコ(Nicotiana benthamiana)のベータ−1,2−キシロシルトランスフェラーゼXylTg19のヌクレオチド配列
配列番号4:配列番号3のアミノ酸配列
EMS突然変異誘発のための最適用量を、ベンサミアナタバコ(N.benthamiana)種子を0、50、75、100、150、および200mMのEMSで処理することにより決定した。簡単に述べると、種子を室温で2時間浸し、室温で4時間EMSで処理し、室温で15分間の洗浄を5回行った。種子を一晩乾燥させ、すぐ播種した。発芽、幼苗致死および植物稔性に対する影響を記録した。ベンサミアナタバコ(Nicotiana benthamiana)は、Nicotiana debneyiとNicotiana suaveolensとの組み合わせによる複二倍体種として記述されている(Goodspeed,T.H.(1954)The Genus Nicotiana,Waltham,Massachusetts:Chronica Botanica)。驚いたことに、四倍体であるベンサミアナタバコ(N.benthamiana)と比較して、二倍体である親がEMSに対して高い抵抗性を有することが発見された。ベンサミアナタバコ(N.benthamiana)種子における結果を図1Aおよび図1Bに示す。EMS処理は発芽の遅れを引き起こしたが、EMSが75mMになるまで致死率は検出されなかった。より高EMS用量では、致死率は急速に上昇し、EMSが150mMになると、処理後生存していた種子はなかった(図1A)。稔性は50mMですでに影響が見られた。75mMで種子を処理すると、M1植物のおよそ60%が不稔であった(図1B)。これらの結果に基づき、最適のEMS用量を75mMと設定した。
EMS誘発点突然変異をSmits B.M. et al.(2006)Pharmacogenet.Genomics16:159−169に記述の方法を使用し、直接配列解析法によりハイスループットな方法で検出した。簡単に述べると、特異的遺伝子フラグメントを、遺伝子特異的プライマーを使用して、個々の植物の葉組織のDNAからPCRによって増幅した。各プライマーはその5’末端に追加配列を有し、得られたPCRフラグメントの両鎖の配列を分析できる。第一段階で、方法を最適化した。さらに、いくつかのベンサミアナタバコ(N.benthamiana)受入株からDNAを抽出した(受入株については表1を参照)。遺伝子XylTg14およびXylTg19の第1エキソンを増幅し、ヌクレオチド配列を決定した。これらの配列とXylTg14およびXylTg19の配列とをNovoSNP(Weckx S. et al.(2005)Genome Research15:436−442)で比較し、配列のクロマトグラムで一塩基多型(SNP)を分析した。USDA National Germplasm System(アクセッションコードPI555684)からの受入株NBNPGS2のみが、本研究において使用したベンサミアナタバコ(N.benthamiana)受入株(つまりIcon Genetics GmbHによって供給された品種「BENTHAMIANA」)と比較して、SNPをいくつか含んでいたことが明らかとなった。同定されたSNPの位置を図2に概略する。
直接配列決定法によるSNP検出は500bpの配列フラグメントに制限されるため、EMSで突然変異誘発した際、ヌル突然変異が生じる可能性が最も高いXylTg14およびXylTg19の遺伝子の500bp領域を同定する必要があった。したがって、(1)GからAへ、またはCからTへの変異により終止コドンに変化できるコドンが最も高密度である領域、および/またはスプライス供与部位およびアクセプター部位、ならびに(2)触媒または保存ドメイン中、または上流に位置する領域、を同定する必要があった。終止またはスプライス変異候補の最も高密度な領域を見つけるため、EmsPred、つまり、コード配列において、EMS突然変異誘発により誘発された終止コドンまたはスプライス変異体に変異導入できるすべてのコドンを同定するBayer BioScienceが所有するアルゴリズムを使用した。XylTg14およびXylTg19で同定された位置を表2に記載する。触媒ドメインの上流領域の同定のために、Pagny et al.(Pagny,S. et al.(2003)Plant J.33:189−203)による、N末端の82、106、および143のアミノ酸の除去によるシロイヌナズナ(A.thaliana)のβ−1,2−キシロシルトランスフェラーゼの失活を記述した論文を使用した。結論として、XylTg14およびXylTg19の120および720の位置の間の推定ヌル突然変異を検索することに決定した。XylTg14では、この領域は第1エキソン(位置650まで)の一部、および第1イントロンの一部、およびアミノ酸の41〜217に対するコードに対応していた。XylTg19では、この領域はまた、第1エキソン(位置648まで)の一部、および第1イントロンの一部、およびアミノ酸の41〜216に対するコードに対応していた。
合計で5700のM2個体を、XylTg14における突然変異についてスクリーニングし、XylTg19に関しては6200の個体をスクリーニングした。XylTg14では、ヌクレオチド位置192、212、および392で3つの推定ヌル対立遺伝子を同定し、それぞれXylTg14−1、−2、および−3と名づけた。XylTg19では、ヌクレオチド位置139および183で2つの推定ヌル対立遺伝子を同定し、それぞれXylTg19−1、および−2と名づけた。(図2および表2)。
対立遺伝子XylTg14−1および同19−1で見られる突然変異が、それぞれXylTg14および同19の遺伝子の失活をもたらすかどうか判定するために、異なったヘテロ接合およびホモ接合の単一および二重突然変異体からの全タンパク質に対しウェスタンブロットを行った。全タンパク質10μgをレーン毎に添加し、ブロットし、Fayeらによって記述された方法(Faye,L. et al(1993)Anal.Biochem.209:104−108)によって産生した、抗キシロースまたは抗フコース抗体のいずれかでプローブした。 (Faye, L. et al (1993)。図3は、二重ホモ接合の突然変異体の全タンパク質が抗キシロース抗体により認識されないことを示す。対照的に、単一ホモ接合の突然変異体または二重ヘテロ結合の突然変異体のいずれかからのタンパク質は、抗キシロース抗体によって認識される。抗フコース抗体でプローブした対照ブロットは、タンパク質がすべてのレーンに添加されたことを示す。これらを合わせると、対立遺伝子xyltg14−1およびxyltg19−1の突然変異はヌル突然変異であること、および二重ホモ接合のxyltg14−1およびxyltg19−1植物といったようなXylTg14およびXylTg19の両方のヌル突然変異体を生じさせるには、完全なβ1、2−キシロシルトランスフェラーゼ活性を失活させ、ベンサミアナタバコ(N.benthamiana)のN−グリカンへのいかなるβ1、2−キシロースの付加をも完全に妨げることが必要十分であることが示される。
(2006)Proteomics 6:3369−3380)によるグリカン分析に使用した。図4に示された結果は、キシロースがこのIgG1のH鎖上に存在しないことを示す。これにより、二重ホモ接合のxyltg14−1およびxyltg19−1ベンサミアナタバコ(N.benthamiana)突然変異体は完全に、ベータ−1,2−キシロシルトランスフェラーゼ活性を欠くことが確認された。
Claims (8)
- NCIMBに2009年5月21日にアクセッション番号NCIMB41622で寄託された標準種子を用いて育種することにより得られる、ベンサミアナタバコ(Nicotiana benthamiana)植物のベータ−1,2−キシロシルトランスフェラーゼヌル突然変異体、またはその細胞、部位、種子、もしくは後代であって、該ヌル突然変異体、またはその細胞、部位、種子、もしくは後代は、ホモ接合状態の配列番号1の位置192におけるC→T突然変異によって規定されるxyltg14−1ヌル対立遺伝子および配列番号3の位置139におけるC→T突然変異によって規定されるxyltg19−1ヌル対立遺伝子を含む。
- 前記植物において産生された糖タンパク質のN−グリカン構造上でベータ−1,2−キシロシル−糖質を形成しない、請求項1に記載の植物または植物細胞。
- ベータ−1,2−キシロシルトランスフェラーゼの2つのヌル対立遺伝子、xyltg14−1およびxyltg19−1がホモ接合であることを特徴とする、NCIMBに2009年5月21日にアクセッション番号NCIMB41622で寄託された、ベンサミアナタバコ(Nicotiana benthamiana)種子。
- 請求項3の種子から得られる、ベンサミアナタバコ(Nicotiana benthamiana)植物、またはその細胞、部位、種子、もしくは後代であって、該ヌル突然変異体、またはその細胞、部位、種子、もしくは後代は、ホモ接合状態の配列番号1の位置192におけるC→T突然変異によって規定されるxyltg14−1ヌル対立遺伝子および配列番号3の位置139におけるC→T突然変異によって規定されるxyltg19−1ヌル対立遺伝子を含む。
- 停止させたアルファ−1,3−フコシルトランスフェラーゼ活性をさらに含む、請求項1、2、3または4のいずれか一項に記載の植物または植物細胞。
- ベータ−1,4−ガラクトシルトランスフェラーゼ活性をコードするキメラ遺伝子をさらに含む、請求項5に記載の植物または植物細胞。
- 異種タンパク質をコードするキメラ遺伝子を含む、請求項1、2、3、5または6のいずれか一項に記載の植物または植物細胞。
- 請求項1、2および請求項4〜7のいずれか一項に記載の植物または植物細胞において少なくとも1つの異種タンパク質を産生する方法であって、
a.請求項1、2および請求項4〜7のいずれか一項に記載の植物または植物細胞に、操作可能に連結された次の核酸分子、
a.植物で発現可能なプロモーター、
b.異種タンパク質をコードするDNA領域
c.転写終止およびポリアデニル化に関与するDNA領域、
を含む、少なくとも1つのキメラ遺伝子を提供するステップと、
b.前記植物または植物細胞を培養し、前記植物または植物細胞から前記少なくとも1つの異種タンパク質を単離するステップとを含む方法。
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