JP5839211B2 - 液晶セル - Google Patents
液晶セル Download PDFInfo
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- JP5839211B2 JP5839211B2 JP2014545821A JP2014545821A JP5839211B2 JP 5839211 B2 JP5839211 B2 JP 5839211B2 JP 2014545821 A JP2014545821 A JP 2014545821A JP 2014545821 A JP2014545821 A JP 2014545821A JP 5839211 B2 JP5839211 B2 JP 5839211B2
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- liquid crystal
- compound
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 279
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 93
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 249
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 130
- -1 cinnamate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 62
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 42
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 40
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
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- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGNTUZCMJBTHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)COCC(O)CO AGNTUZCMJBTHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JMCRDEBJJPRTPV-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-ethene-1,2-diol Chemical group O\C=C\O JMCRDEBJJPRTPV-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007106 1,2-cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PAKCOSURAUIXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxypropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC=C PAKCOSURAUIXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K2019/0444—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group
- C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
- C09K2019/2078—Ph-COO-Ph-COO-Ph
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2019/546—Macromolecular compounds creating a polymeric network
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
- G02F1/13345—Network or three-dimensional gels
Description
などが例示されることができ、光フリーズ再配列によって整列される化合物としては、ベンゾエート(benzoate)化合物、ベンゾアミド(benzoamide)化合物、メタアクリルアミドアリール(メタ)アクリレート(methacrylamidoaryl methacrylate)化合物などの芳香族化合物が例示されることができ、開環/閉環反応によって整列する化合物としては、スピロピラン化合物などのように[4+2]π電子システム([4+2]πelectronic system)の開環/閉環反応によって整列する化合物などが例示されることができるが、これに制限されるものではない。
スアクリルアミドまたはN、N−メチレンビス(アクリルアミド)などのような(メタ)アクリルアミドまたはその誘導体;メチル2−アセトアミドアクリレートなどのようなアセトアミドアクリル酸アルキルエステル;1、3、5−トリアクリロイルヘキサヒドロ−1、3、5−トリアジンまたは2、4、6−トリアリルオキシ−1、3、5−トリアジンなどのような(メタ)アクリロイル基またはアルケニル基で置換されたトリアジン;トリス(2、3−エポキシプロフィール)イソシアヌレートなどのようなエポキシ基で置換されたイソシアヌレート;テトラシアノエチレンオキシドなどのようなテトラシアノアルキレンオキシド、トリアリルベンゼントリカルボキシレートなどのようなアルケニル基で置換されたカルボキシレート;カプロラクトン2−((メタ)アクリロイルオキシ)エチルエステルなどのようなカプロラクトン(メタ)アクリロイルオキシアルキルエステル、モノ−2−((メタ)アクリロイルオキシ)エチルマレートなどのようなマレイン酸(メタ)アクリロイルオキシアルキルエステル、1、2、3−トリアゾール−4、5−ジカルボキシル酸などのような多価カルボキシル酸、3−アリルオキシ−1、2−プロパンジオールなどのようなアルケニル基で置換されたアルカンジオール、ビス[4−(グリシジルオキシ)フェニル]メタンなどのようなグリシジルオキシフェニル基で置換されたアルカン、2−ビニル−1、3−ジオキサレン(2−vinyl−1、3−dioxalane)などのようなアルケニル基で置換されたジオキサレン化合物またはポリ(メラミン−co−ホルムアルデヒド)などが例示されることができるが、これに制限されるものではない。本明細書で用語(メタ)アクリルは、アクリルまたはメタクリルを意味する。
図3〜図5は、例示的な液晶セルを示す。
図6〜図8は、例示的な液晶セルの製造方法を示す。
図9は、実施例で製造された液晶セルが適用された表示装置に対して方位角45度で測定した傾斜角度別の輝度変化を示す。
配向層の形成
下記化学式3の繰り返し単位を有するポリノルボルネン(PNBCi、配向性化合物、重量平均分子量85,000、PDI(polydispersity index):約4.75)、アクリル単量体及び光開始剤(Igacure 907)の混合物(ポリノルボルネン:アクリル単量体:光開始剤=2:1:0.25(重量比))をトルエン溶媒にポリノルボルネンの固形分の濃度が2wt%になるように溶解させて、配向層前駆体を製造した。次に、一面にITO電極層が存在するポリカーボネートフィルムの電極層に上記前駆体をコーティングし、WGP(Wire Grid Polarizer)を媒介で直線偏光された紫外線(1、200mJ/cm2)を照射し、配向層を形成した。
下記化学式4の重合性液晶化合物(RM257、Merck社製)と液晶領域を形成する液晶化合物(ZGS−8017、JNC、正常屈折率:1.487、異常屈折率:1.597)を1:5の重量比で混合した。次に、上記混合物に二色性染料として商品名がそれぞれAB3(ドイツ、Nematel社製)、643nm波長の光に対する二色比:12.8)、AG1(ドイツ、Nematel社製)、463nm波長の光に対する二色比:11.7)、AR1(ドイツ、Nematel社製)、554nm波長の光に対する二色比:11.0)及びAC1(ドイツ、Nematel社製)、668nm波長の光に対する二色比:12.1)の染料を上記混合物の重合性液晶化合物(RM257)と液晶化合物(ZGS−8017)100重量部に対して上記AB3 0.002946重量部、上記AG1 0.019028重量部、上記AR1 0.018738重量部及び上記AC1 0.018110重量部の比率で混合した。次に、重合性液晶化合物を基準として約5重量%の光開始剤(Igacure 907)を配合し、さらに0.4重量%のボールスペーサ(ball spacer、hypersil社製、直径約2.5μm)を混合した後、約90℃で約5分間熱処理し、均一な無溶剤型溶液(前駆体)を製造した。その後、上記配向層上に上記前駆体をコーティングした。その後、基材層の縁部にシーラント(sealant)をパターニングして形成し、ITO電極層が形成された他のポリカーボネートフィルムの上記ITO電極層が上記前駆体の層を覆うようにして、ラミネイトに通過させた。次に、積層体に重合性液晶化合物及び液晶化合物の配向軸と平行な方向に直線偏光された紫外線(30mW/cm2)を約20秒間照射し、高分子ネットワーク及び液晶領域を形成させた。プリズムカプラを使用して測定した上記高分子ネットワークの屈折率は、約1.563程度であった。
実施例で製造された液晶セルを使用した視野角調節効率を測定した。具体的には、両面に配置された偏光板を含む通常の横電界方式の液晶パネルの外側偏光板に上記液晶セルを付着し、上記液晶セルの液晶領域の液晶化合物と二色性染料の電圧無印加状態での配向方向が上記外側偏光板の光吸収軸と平行になるように付着した。その後、パネルを駆動させた状態で電圧の印加及び無印加状態を繰り返しさせた。電圧の印加時には、電圧無印加状態と比較して正面観察時には変化がないが、側面観察時には、画面が黒く変わって、画面が認識されなかった。上記試験による方位角45度での傾斜角別の輝度変化をSDV−850装備を使用して測定し、その結果を図9に記載した。
102 偏光板
103 ディスプレイパネル
1011 高分子ネットワーク
1012 液晶領域
301 配向層
401A、401B 基材層
501 偏光板
6011 前駆体の層
6012 基材層
7011 配向層
7012 基材層
Claims (19)
- 高分子ネットワーク及び上記高分子ネットワーク内に存在し、液晶化合物及び二色性染料が存在する領域を含む液晶層を有する液晶セルであって、
液晶化合物及び二色性染料は、水平配向状態と垂直配向状態で相互スイッチングされることができ、
液晶セル内の液晶化合物及び二色性染料が水平配向している状態での液晶セルの面方向の位相差R in は、10nm以上かつ300nm以下であり、
液晶セル内の液晶化合物及び二色性染料が垂直配向している状態での液晶セルの厚さ方向の位相差R th は、10nm以上かつ300nm以下である、液晶セル。 - 高分子ネットワーク及び液晶化合物は、下記数式1を満足する、請求項1に記載の液晶セル:
- 高分子ネットワークは、誘電率が3以上である、請求項1に記載の液晶セル。
- 液晶化合物は、下記数式2を満足するネマチック液晶化合物である、請求項1に記載の液晶セル:
- 液晶化合物の異常誘電率εeと正常誘電率εoの差εe−εoが3以上である、請求項1に記載の液晶セル。
- 電圧が無印加状態で光透過率が80%以上である、請求項1に記載の液晶セル。
- 高分子ネットワークは、光配向性化合物を含む前駆物質の配向性ネットワークである、請求項1に記載の液晶セル。
- 光配向性化合物は、方向性を有するように整列された状態であり、液晶化合物または二色性染料は、上記整列状態のネットワークによって配向されている、請求項7に記載の液晶セル。
- 液晶セルは、液晶層と隣接して配置されている配向層をさらに含み、高分子ネットワークは、上記配向層によって配向された重合性液晶化合物を含むネットワークである、請求項1に記載の液晶セル。
- 二色性染料は、黒色染料である、請求項1に記載の液晶セル。
- 二色性染料は、可視光領域の波長の少なくとも一部の範囲で二色比が7以上である、請求項1に記載の液晶セル。
- 液晶セルは、互いに対向して配置された2個の基材層をさらに含み、液晶層が上記対向配置された2個の基材層の間に形成されている、請求項1に記載の液晶セル。
- 基材層の液晶層側面には、電極層が形成されている、請求項12に記載の液晶セル。
- 液晶層の一面に配置された偏光板をさらに含み、電圧の無印加状態で液晶化合物または二色性染料が上記偏光板の光吸収軸と平行な方向に配向されている、請求項1に記載の液晶セル。
- 配向性化合物を含む配向性ネットワークの前駆物質、液晶化合物及び二色性染料を含む前駆体の層に光を照射することを含む請求項1に記載の液晶セルの製造方法。
- 配向層上に形成されている高分子ネットワークの前駆物質、液晶化合物及び二色性染料を含む前駆体の層に光を照射することを含む請求項1に記載の液晶セルの製造方法。
- 表示素子と、上記表示素子の一面に配置された請求項1に記載の液晶セルとを含む表示装置。
- 表示素子は、ディスプレイパネル及び偏光板を含み、上記偏光板が上記ディスプレイパネルと液晶セルとの間に配置されている、請求項17に記載の表示装置。
- ディスプレイパネルが有機発光表示パネルまたは液晶パネルである、請求項18に記載の表示装置。
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