JP5835156B2 - Hybrid circuit - Google Patents

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JP5835156B2
JP5835156B2 JP2012186250A JP2012186250A JP5835156B2 JP 5835156 B2 JP5835156 B2 JP 5835156B2 JP 2012186250 A JP2012186250 A JP 2012186250A JP 2012186250 A JP2012186250 A JP 2012186250A JP 5835156 B2 JP5835156 B2 JP 5835156B2
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transmission line
input
output terminal
transmission
hybrid circuit
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津留　正臣
正臣 津留
谷口　英司
英司 谷口
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Description

この発明は、マイクロ波回路等に用いられるハイブリッド回路に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a hybrid circuit used in a microwave circuit or the like.

従来のハイブリッド回路として、例えば特許文献１の図６に示すブランチライン型９０度ハイブリッドがある。
ブランチライン型９０度ハイブリッドは、電気長が所望周波数で９０度となる第１から第４の伝送線路を備え、前記第１の伝送線路の一端に第１の入出力端子が接続され、前記第１の伝送線路の他端と前記第２の伝送線路の一端が接続され、前記第２の伝送線路の他端と前記第３の伝送線路の一端が接続され、前記第３の伝送線路の他端と前記第４の伝送線路の一端が接続され、前記第４の伝送線路の他端と前記第１の伝送線路の一端が接続され、前記第１の伝送線路の他端と前記第２の伝送線路の一端の接続点に第２の入出力端子が接続され、前記第２の伝送線路の他端と前記第３の伝送線路の一端の接続点に第３の入出力端子が接続され、前記第３の伝送線路の他端と前記第４の伝送線路の一端の接続点に第４の入出力端子が接続されている。 As a conventional hybrid circuit, for example, there is a branch line type 90-degree hybrid shown in FIG.
The branch line type 90-degree hybrid includes first to fourth transmission lines having an electrical length of 90 degrees at a desired frequency, and a first input / output terminal is connected to one end of the first transmission line. The other end of the first transmission line is connected to one end of the second transmission line, the other end of the second transmission line is connected to one end of the third transmission line, and the other of the third transmission line And one end of the fourth transmission line is connected, the other end of the fourth transmission line and one end of the first transmission line are connected, and the other end of the first transmission line is connected to the second transmission line. A second input / output terminal is connected to a connection point at one end of the transmission line, and a third input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the second transmission line and one end of the third transmission line, A fourth input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the third transmission line and one end of the fourth transmission line. That.

次に動作について説明する。
第１の入出力端子から入力された所望周波数の信号は、第４の伝送線路を介して第４の入出力端子に伝搬する波と、第１から第３の伝送線路を介して第４の入出力端子に伝搬する波とに分かれる。第４の伝送線路を介して第４の入出力端子に達した波と第１から第３の伝送線路を介して第４の入出力端子に達した波は１８０度の位相差があるため相殺し、第４の入出力端子には出力されなくなる。したがって、第４の入出力端子は仮想短絡点とみなせ、アイソレーション端子となる。このとき、第１の入出力端子からみた第４の伝送線路および第３の入出力端子からみた第３の伝送線路は開放とみなせるため、第２および第３の入出力端子に等分配される。また、第２と第３の入出力端子は第３の伝送線路のために９０度の位相差が生じる。 Next, the operation will be described.
The signal of the desired frequency input from the first input / output terminal is transmitted through the fourth transmission line to the fourth input / output terminal and the fourth through the first to third transmission lines. It is divided into waves that propagate to the input / output terminals. The wave reaching the fourth input / output terminal via the fourth transmission line and the wave reaching the fourth input / output terminal via the first to third transmission lines cancel each other because of a phase difference of 180 degrees. However, no signal is output to the fourth input / output terminal. Therefore, the fourth input / output terminal can be regarded as a virtual short-circuit point and becomes an isolation terminal. At this time, since the fourth transmission line viewed from the first input / output terminal and the third transmission line viewed from the third input / output terminal can be regarded as open, they are equally distributed to the second and third input / output terminals. . Further, the second and third input / output terminals have a phase difference of 90 degrees due to the third transmission line.

以上から、第１の入出力端子から入力された所望周波数の信号は、第２および第３の入出力端子から９０度の位相差をもった等しい電力の信号として出力され、第４の端子からは出力されないことになる。   From the above, a signal of a desired frequency input from the first input / output terminal is output as a signal of equal power having a phase difference of 90 degrees from the second and third input / output terminals, and from the fourth terminal. Will not be output.

特開２００２−０２６６１４号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-026614

従来のブランチライン型ハイブリッドは、９０度差をもった２つの出力が得られるのみであり、０度、９０度、１８０度、２７０度のそれぞれの位相差をもった４つの出力は得られなかった。このため、差動の直交信号が必要な回路にそのまま適用できないなどの課題があった。   The conventional branch line type hybrid can only obtain two outputs with a difference of 90 degrees, and cannot obtain four outputs with respective phase differences of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees. It was. For this reason, there is a problem that it cannot be directly applied to a circuit that requires a differential orthogonal signal.

本発明は、以上のような課題を解決するためになされたものであり、０度、９０度、１８０度、２７０度のそれぞれの位相差をもった４つの信号を出力する簡易な構成のハイブリッド回路を得ることを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has a simple configuration that outputs four signals having phase differences of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees. The purpose is to obtain a circuit.

この発明に係るハイブリッド回路は、
第１から第６の入出力端子と、
電気長が所望周波数で９０度となる第１から第１０の伝送線路とを備え、
前記第１の伝送線路の一端に前記第１の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第１の伝送線路の他端と前記第２の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第２の伝送線路の他端と前記第３の伝送線路の一端および前記第４の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第３の伝送線路の他端と前記第５の伝送線路の一端および前記第６の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第５の伝送線路の他端と前記第１の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第４の伝送線路の他端と前記第７の伝送線路の一端および前記第８の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第７の伝送線路の他端に前記第６の伝送線路の他端および前記第９の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第８の伝送線路の他端と前記第１０の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第９の伝送線路の他端と前記第１０の伝送線路の他端が接続され、
前記第１の伝送線路の他端と前記第２の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第２の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第２の伝送線路の他端と前記第３の伝送線路の一端および前記第４の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第３の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第４の伝送線路の他端と前記第７の伝送線路の一端および前記第８の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第４の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第８の伝送線路の他端と前記第１０の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第５の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第９の伝送線路の他端と前記第１０の伝送線路の他端の接続点に前記第６の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第１から第１０の伝送線路の特性インピーダンスが互いに全て等しいことを特徴とするものである。 The hybrid circuit according to the present invention is
First to sixth input / output terminals;
Comprising first to tenth transmission lines having an electrical length of 90 degrees at a desired frequency;
The first input / output terminal is connected to one end of the first transmission line;
The other end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line are connected,
The other end of the second transmission line is connected to one end of the third transmission line and one end of the fourth transmission line,
The other end of the third transmission line is connected to one end of the fifth transmission line and one end of the sixth transmission line,
The other end of the fifth transmission line and one end of the first transmission line are connected,
The other end of the fourth transmission line is connected to one end of the seventh transmission line and one end of the eighth transmission line,
The other end of the sixth transmission line and the one end of the ninth transmission line are connected to the other end of the seventh transmission line,
The other end of the eighth transmission line and one end of the tenth transmission line are connected,
The other end of the ninth transmission line and the other end of the tenth transmission line are connected,
The second input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line,
The third input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the second transmission line, one end of the third transmission line, and one end of the fourth transmission line,
The fourth input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the fourth transmission line, one end of the seventh transmission line, and one end of the eighth transmission line,
The fifth input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the eighth transmission line and one end of the tenth transmission line;
The sixth input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the ninth transmission line and the other end of the tenth transmission line ;
The characteristic impedances of the first to tenth transmission lines are all equal to each other .

この発明によれば、０度、９０度、１８０度、２７０度のそれぞれの位相差をもった出力信号を簡易な構成で得られるという効果がある。   According to the present invention, there is an effect that output signals having respective phase differences of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees can be obtained with a simple configuration.

この発明の実施の形態１によるハイブリッド回路を示す構成図である。1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a hybrid circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention. この発明の実施の形態１の動作原理の説明図（電気壁）である。It is explanatory drawing (electrical wall) of the principle of operation of Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１の動作原理の説明図（磁気壁）である。It is explanatory drawing (magnetic wall) of the operation | movement principle of Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１の回路シミュレータにおける回路図である。It is a circuit diagram in the circuit simulator of Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１の回路シミュレータにおける反射量の計算結果である。It is the calculation result of the reflection amount in the circuit simulator of Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１の回路シミュレータにおける通過量の計算結果である。It is the calculation result of the passage amount in the circuit simulator of Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１の回路シミュレータにおける通過位相の計算結果である。It is a calculation result of the passage phase in the circuit simulator of Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１による他のハイブリッド回路を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the other hybrid circuit by Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１による他のハイブリッド回路を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the other hybrid circuit by Embodiment 1 of this invention. 集中定数素子を備えた伝送線路の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the transmission line provided with the lumped constant element. 可変容量素子を備えた伝送線路の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the transmission line provided with the variable capacitance element.

実施の形態１．
図１はこの発明の実施の形態１によるハイブリッド回路を示す構成図である。
図において、１１は第１の入出力端子、１２は第２の入出力端子、１３は第３の入出力端子、１４は第４の入出力端子、１５は第５の入出力端子、１６は第６の入出力端子、２１は第１の伝送線路、２２は第２の伝送線路、２３は第３の伝送線路、２４は第４の伝送線路、２５は第５の伝送線路、２６は第６の伝送線路、２７は第７の伝送線路、２８は第８の伝送線路、２９は第９の伝送線路、３０は第１０の伝送線路である。 Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a hybrid circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure, 11 is a first input / output terminal, 12 is a second input / output terminal, 13 is a third input / output terminal, 14 is a fourth input / output terminal, 15 is a fifth input / output terminal, and 16 is The sixth input / output terminal, 21 is the first transmission line, 22 is the second transmission line, 23 is the third transmission line, 24 is the fourth transmission line, 25 is the fifth transmission line, and 26 is the first transmission line. 6 is a transmission line, 27 is a seventh transmission line, 28 is an eighth transmission line, 29 is a ninth transmission line, and 30 is a tenth transmission line.

伝送線路２１、２２、２３、２４、２５、２６、２７、２８、２９、３０はそれぞれ電気長が所望の周波数で略９０度となるように設定されている。すなわち、所望の周波数における伝送線路中の電気信号の波長をλとすると、各伝送線路の長さは全て略λ／４となっている。   The transmission lines 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30 are each set so that the electrical length is approximately 90 degrees at a desired frequency. That is, assuming that the wavelength of the electrical signal in the transmission line at the desired frequency is λ, the length of each transmission line is substantially λ / 4.

図１において、伝送線路２１の一端に入出力端子１１が接続され、伝送線路２１の他端と伝送線路２２の一端が接続され、伝送線路２２の他端と伝送線路２３の一端および伝送線路２４の一端が接続され、伝送線路２３の他端と伝送線路２５の一端および伝送線路２６の一端が接続され、伝送線路２５の他端と伝送線路２１の一端が接続され、伝送線路２４の他端と伝送線路２７の一端および伝送線路２８の一端が接続され、伝送線路２７の他端に伝送線路２６の他端および伝送線路２９の一端が接続され、伝送線路２８の他端と伝送線路３０の一端が接続され、伝送線路２９の他端と伝送線路３０の他端が接続され、
伝送線路２１の他端と伝送線路２２の一端の接続点に入出力端子１２が接続され、伝送線路２２の他端と伝送線路２３の一端および伝送線路２４の一端の接続点に入出力端子１３が接続され、伝送線路２４の他端と伝送線路２７の一端および伝送線路２８の一端の接続点に入出力端子１４が接続され、伝送線路２８の他端と伝送線路３０の一端の接続点に入出力端子１５が接続され、伝送線路２９の他端と伝送線路３０の他端の接続点に入出力端子１６が接続されている。 In FIG. 1, the input / output terminal 11 is connected to one end of the transmission line 21, the other end of the transmission line 21 and one end of the transmission line 22 are connected, the other end of the transmission line 22, one end of the transmission line 23, and the transmission line 24. One end of the transmission line 23, one end of the transmission line 25 and one end of the transmission line 26 are connected, the other end of the transmission line 25 and one end of the transmission line 21 are connected, and the other end of the transmission line 24 One end of the transmission line 27 and one end of the transmission line 28 are connected, the other end of the transmission line 26 and one end of the transmission line 29 are connected to the other end of the transmission line 27, and the other end of the transmission line 28 and the transmission line 30 are connected. One end is connected, the other end of the transmission line 29 and the other end of the transmission line 30 are connected,
The input / output terminal 12 is connected to the connection point between the other end of the transmission line 21 and one end of the transmission line 22, and the input / output terminal 13 is connected to the connection point between the other end of the transmission line 22, one end of the transmission line 23, and one end of the transmission line 24. Is connected to the connection point between the other end of the transmission line 24, one end of the transmission line 27, and one end of the transmission line 28, and to the connection point between the other end of the transmission line 28 and one end of the transmission line 30. The input / output terminal 15 is connected, and the input / output terminal 16 is connected to a connection point between the other end of the transmission line 29 and the other end of the transmission line 30.

次に動作について説明する。
入出力端子１１から入力された所望周波数の電気信号は、それぞれの伝送線路２１〜３０を介して、入出力端子１２〜１６へ出力されることになる。このとき、入出力端子１２と１３は伝送線路２２により９０度の位相差が生じ、入出力端子１３と１４は伝送線路２４により９０度の位相差が生じ、入出力端子１４と１５は伝送線路２８により９０度の位相差が生じている。このため、入出力端子１５、１４、１３、１２のそれぞれの端子からは、相対的に０度、９０度、１８０度、２７０度の位相差をもった電気信号の出力が得られる。一方、入出力端子１６では、主な経路である伝送線路２１、２２、２４、２８、３０からの一方の電波（電気信号）と、伝送線路２５、２６、２９からの他方の電波とが、逆相で重なることから相殺され、電気信号が出力されない。 Next, the operation will be described.
The electric signal of the desired frequency input from the input / output terminal 11 is output to the input / output terminals 12-16 via the respective transmission lines 21-30. At this time, the input / output terminals 12 and 13 have a 90-degree phase difference due to the transmission line 22, the input / output terminals 13 and 14 have a 90-degree phase difference due to the transmission line 24, and the input / output terminals 14 and 15 have the transmission line As a result, a phase difference of 90 degrees occurs. For this reason, from each of the input / output terminals 15, 14, 13, and 12, an electrical signal output having phase differences of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees can be obtained. On the other hand, at the input / output terminal 16, one radio wave (electric signal) from the transmission lines 21, 22, 24, 28, 30, which is the main path, and the other radio wave from the transmission lines 25, 26, 29 are It cancels out because it overlaps in the opposite phase, and the electrical signal is not output.

より詳細には、図１の回路が、伝送線路２４および２６それぞれの中点において線対称であることから、図２、図３に示すように、上記の中点にそれぞれ電気壁および磁気壁を仮定することで、解析することができる。図２、図３において、図１と同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示す。   More specifically, since the circuit of FIG. 1 is axisymmetric at the midpoints of the transmission lines 24 and 26, respectively, as shown in FIGS. It can be analyzed by assuming. 2 and 3, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding parts.

図２に示す、中点を短絡とした電気壁モデルにおいて、入力端子１１における反射係数Ｓ１１Ｓと入出力端子１１から入出力端子１３への透過係数Ｓ２１Ｓを計算すると、次式のように表すことができる。

Figure 0005835156
Figure 0005835156
 ただし、Ｚ１は伝送線路２１、２３の特性インピーダンス、Ｚ２は伝送線路２２、２５の特性インピーダンス、Ｚ３は伝送線路２３、２６の特性インピーダンス、ＺＯは入出力端子のインピーダンスである。
Ｚ１＝Ｚ２＝Ｚ３＝ＺＯのとき、式（１）および式（２）は次式となる。
Ｓ１１Ｓ＝０ （３）
Ｓ２１Ｓ＝−（１＋ｊ）／２ （４） When the reflection coefficient S 11S at the input terminal 11 and the transmission coefficient S 21S from the input / output terminal 11 to the input / output terminal 13 are calculated in the electrical wall model with the midpoint short-circuited as shown in FIG. be able to.
Figure 0005835156
Figure 0005835156
 However, Z 1 is the characteristic impedance of the transmission line 21, 23, Z 2 is the characteristic impedance of the transmission line 22 and 25, Z 3 is the characteristic impedance of the transmission line 23 and 26, the Z O is the impedance of the input and output terminals.
When Z 1 = Z 2 = Z 3 = Z 2 O , Formula (1) and Formula (2) are as follows:
S 11S = 0 (3)
S 21S = − (1 + j) / 2 (4)

同様に図３に示す、中点を開放とした磁気壁モデルにおいて、入力端子１１における反射係数Ｓ１１Ｏと入出力端子１１から入出力端子１３への透過係数Ｓ２１Ｏは次式のように表すことができる。

Figure 0005835156
Figure 0005835156
 Ｚ１＝Ｚ２＝Ｚ３＝ＺＯのとき、式（５）および式（６）は次式となる。
Ｓ１１Ｏ＝０ （７）
Ｓ２１Ｏ＝−（１−ｊ）／２ （８） Similarly shown in FIG. 3, the magnetic wall model open midpoint, transmission coefficient S 21O from output terminal 11 and the reflection coefficient S 11O at the input terminal 11 to output terminal 13 be represented by the following formula Can do.
Figure 0005835156
Figure 0005835156
 When Z 1 = Z 2 = Z 3 = Z 2 O , Formula (5) and Formula (6) become the following formulas.
S 11O = 0 (7)
S 21O =-(1-j) / 2 (8)

したがって、図１に示すハイブリッド回路において、入力端子１１における反射係数Ｓ１１および入出力端子１１から入出力端子１３への透過係数Ｓ２１はそれぞれ、電気壁モデルと磁気壁モデルにおける値の平均値となるので、次式で表される。
Ｓ１１＝（Ｓ１１Ｓ＋Ｓ１１Ｏ）／２＝０ （９）
Ｓ２１＝（Ｓ２１Ｓ＋Ｓ２１Ｏ）／２＝−１／２ （１０） Therefore, in the hybrid circuit shown in FIG. 1, the reflection coefficient S 11 at the input terminal 11 and the transmission coefficient S 21 from the input / output terminal 11 to the input / output terminal 13 are respectively the average values of the values in the electric wall model and the magnetic wall model. Therefore, it is expressed by the following formula.
S 11 = (S 11S + S 11O ) / 2 = 0 (9)
S 21 = (S 21S + S 21O ) / 2 = −1 / 2 (10)

式（９）、式（１０）から分かるように、入出力端子１１では反射が生じず、入出力端子１１から入力された所望周波数の電気信号は位相が反転して入出力端子１３に出力される。入出力端子１１から入力された電気信号に対し、入出力端子１３に出力される電気信号の（電圧）振幅は１／２である。すなわち、入出力端子１１から入力された電気信号のうち、入出力端子１３に出力される電力は１／４となる。   As can be seen from the equations (9) and (10), no reflection occurs at the input / output terminal 11, and the electric signal of the desired frequency input from the input / output terminal 11 is inverted in phase and output to the input / output terminal 13. The With respect to the electric signal input from the input / output terminal 11, the (voltage) amplitude of the electric signal output to the input / output terminal 13 is ½. That is, of the electrical signal input from the input / output terminal 11, the power output to the input / output terminal 13 is 1/4.

図１の回路の対称性から、入出力端子１４に出力される電力は入出力端子１３と同じく入力電力の１／４である。また、入出力端子１２と入出力端子１５に出力される電力は、やはり回路の対称性から同じになる。これから、入出力端子１２、入出力端子１５それぞれに出力される電力も、やはり入力電力の１／４ずつとなる。
以上のように、図１において、入出力端子１１から入力した電力は、入出力端子１２、１３、１４、１５それぞれに１／４ずつに４等分され出力される。 Due to the symmetry of the circuit of FIG. 1, the power output to the input / output terminal 14 is ¼ of the input power, like the input / output terminal 13. The power output to the input / output terminal 12 and the input / output terminal 15 is also the same due to the symmetry of the circuit. Accordingly, the power output to the input / output terminal 12 and the input / output terminal 15 is also ¼ of the input power.
As described above, in FIG. 1, the power input from the input / output terminal 11 is divided into four equal parts and output to each of the input / output terminals 12, 13, 14, and 15.

次に、図１に示すハイブリッド回路の動作を回路シミュレータによって確認する。
図４に図１に示す回路の回路シミュレータにおける回路図を示す。回路シミュレータによる解析結果のうち、図５に各入出力端子における反射振幅特性を、図６に入出力端子１１から各入出力端子への通過振幅特性を、図７に入出力端子１１から各入出力端子への通過位相特性を、それぞれ示す。
所望の周波数において、全入出力端子において反射がなく、入出力端子１２、１３、１４、１５から等しい電力が９０度差をもって出力され、入出力端子１６はアイソレーション端子となっていることが分かり、本回路の動作が回路シミュレータによっても確認できている。 Next, the operation of the hybrid circuit shown in FIG. 1 is confirmed by a circuit simulator.
FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram in a circuit simulator of the circuit shown in FIG. Of the analysis results by the circuit simulator, FIG. 5 shows the reflection amplitude characteristics at each input / output terminal, FIG. 6 shows the passing amplitude characteristics from the input / output terminal 11 to each input / output terminal, and FIG. The passing phase characteristics to the output terminal are shown respectively.
At the desired frequency, there is no reflection at all the input / output terminals, and the same power is output from the input / output terminals 12, 13, 14, and 15 with a 90-degree difference, and the input / output terminal 16 is an isolation terminal. The operation of this circuit has also been confirmed by a circuit simulator.

なお、以上ではＺ１＝Ｚ２＝Ｚ３＝ＺＯのときについての説明を行ったが、これに限らず、Ｚ１＝Ｚ２＝Ｚ３≠ＺＯであっても、入出力端子１２、１３、１４、１５から、それぞれ−９０度（２７０度）、１８０度、９０度、０度移相した、等しい電力の出力波が得られる。また、Ｚ１≠Ｚ２≠Ｚ３≠ＺＯであっても、入出力端子１２、１３、１４、１５から、必ずしも等しい電力とはならないが、それぞれ−９０度（２７０度）、１８０度、９０度、０度移相した出力波が得られる。 In the above description, the case of Z 1 = Z 2 = Z 3 = Z O has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and even if Z 1 = Z 2 = Z 3 ≠ Z O , the input / output terminal 12 , 13, 14, and 15 can obtain output waves of equal power, phase shifted by -90 degrees (270 degrees), 180 degrees, 90 degrees, and 0 degrees, respectively. Even if Z 1 ≠ Z 2 ≠ Z 3 ≠ Z O , the power is not necessarily equal from the input / output terminals 12, 13, 14, 15, but −90 degrees (270 degrees), 180 degrees, An output wave having a phase shift of 90 degrees and 0 degrees is obtained.

また、入出力端子１１、１２、１３、１４、１５、１６に接続される負荷のインピーダンスを、それぞれ異なる変数ＺＯ１、ＺＯ２、ＺＯ３、ＺＯ４、ＺＯ５、ＺＯ６で表したとき、例えば、Ｚ１＝Ｚ２＝Ｚ３＝ＺＯ１＝ＺＯ６であり、かつ、ＺＯ２＝ＺＯ３＝ＺＯ４＝ＺＯ５≠ＺＯ１であっても、各々の入出力端子で反射は生じるものの入出力端子１２、１３、１４、１５から等しい電力が９０度差をもって出力される。 Moreover, when the impedance of the load connected to the input / output terminals 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 , 16 is represented by different variables Z O1 , Z O2 , Z O3 , Z O4 , Z O5 , Z O6 , respectively, For example, even if Z 1 = Z 2 = Z 3 = Z O1 = Z O6 and Z O2 = Z O3 = Z O4 = Z O5 ≠ Z O1 , reflection occurs at each input / output terminal. Equal power is output from the input / output terminals 12, 13, 14, and 15 with a difference of 90 degrees.

さらに、ＺＯ６はアイソレーション端子である入出力端子１６に接続されている負荷のインピーダンスであるため、ＺＯ１と大きく異なっていても、回路全体の動作に及ぼす影響は小さく、本実施の形態の効果が同様に得られる。 Furthermore, since Z O6 is the impedance of the load connected to the input / output terminal 16 that is an isolation terminal, even if it is greatly different from Z O1 , the influence on the operation of the entire circuit is small. The effect is obtained as well.

以上のように、実施の形態１によれば、簡易な構成で、入出力端子１１から所望の周波数の電気信号を入力することにより、入出力端子１６がアイソレーション端子となり、入出力端子１２、１３、１４、１５からそれぞれ−９０度（２７０度）、１８０度、９０度、０度移相した、等しい電力の出力波が得られる効果がある。   As described above, according to the first embodiment, by inputting an electrical signal having a desired frequency from the input / output terminal 11 with a simple configuration, the input / output terminal 16 becomes an isolation terminal, and the input / output terminal 12, There is an effect that an output wave having the same power and shifted by −90 degrees (270 degrees), 180 degrees, 90 degrees, and 0 degrees from 13, 14, 15 can be obtained.

実施の形態２．
図８はこの発明の実施の形態２によるハイブリッド回路を示す構成図である。
図８において、図１と同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示し、説明を省略する。
図８では、第６の入出力端子である入出力端子１６がないことが、図１と異なっており、その他の点では図１と同様の構成となっている。 Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a hybrid circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
8, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding parts, and the description thereof is omitted.
8 is different from FIG. 1 in that there is no input / output terminal 16 which is the sixth input / output terminal, and the other configuration is the same as that in FIG.

次に動作について説明する。
実施の形態１に示したように、図１の入出力端子１６はアイソレーション端子となっており、入出力端子１１から入力した電気信号が全く出力しない。
したがって、入出力端子１６にどのような負荷を接続しても、他の回路の部分の動作に大きな影響を与えない。 Next, the operation will be described.
As shown in the first embodiment, the input / output terminal 16 in FIG. 1 is an isolation terminal, and an electrical signal input from the input / output terminal 11 is not output at all.
Therefore, no matter what load is connected to the input / output terminal 16, the operation of other circuit portions is not greatly affected.

このため、入出力端子１６に負荷を接続せず、開放としても良い。すなわち、入出力端子１６は無くても良い。
したがって、図８に示す回路においても、実施の形態１と同様の効果が得られる。
さらに、回路がより簡易な構成になるという効果がある。 For this reason, a load may not be connected to the input / output terminal 16 but may be opened. That is, the input / output terminal 16 may not be provided.
Therefore, also in the circuit shown in FIG. 8, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
Furthermore, there is an effect that the circuit has a simpler configuration.

なお、図８において、伝送線路２９と伝送線路３０を１つの伝送線路として、電気長が所望の周波数で略１８０度となるように、すなわち所望の周波数における伝送線路中の電気信号の波長λに対して略λ／２の長さとなるように設定してもよいことは自明である。   In FIG. 8, the transmission line 29 and the transmission line 30 are one transmission line so that the electrical length is approximately 180 degrees at a desired frequency, that is, the wavelength λ of the electrical signal in the transmission line at the desired frequency. On the other hand, it is obvious that the length may be set to approximately λ / 2.

実施の形態３．
図９はこの発明の実施の形態３によるハイブリッド回路を示す構成図である。
図９において、図１、図８と同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示し、説明を省略する。
図９では、図８に対して、さらに第９の伝送線路である伝送線路２９と第１０の伝送線路である伝送線路３０を削除した構成となっており、その他の点では図８と同様の構成となっている。 Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a hybrid circuit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
9, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 8 denote the same or corresponding parts, and the description thereof is omitted.
In FIG. 9, the transmission line 29 that is the ninth transmission line and the transmission line 30 that is the tenth transmission line are further deleted from FIG. 8, and the other points are the same as those in FIG. 8. It has a configuration.

次に動作について説明する。
実施の形態１に示したように、図１の入出力端子１６はアイソレーション端子となっており、入出力端子１１から入力した電気信号が全く出力しない。
したがって、入出力端子１６にどのような負荷を接続しても、他の回路の部分の動作に大きな影響を与えない。 Next, the operation will be described.
As shown in the first embodiment, the input / output terminal 16 in FIG. 1 is an isolation terminal, and an electrical signal input from the input / output terminal 11 is not output at all.
Therefore, no matter what load is connected to the input / output terminal 16, the operation of other circuit portions is not greatly affected.

このため、入出力端子１６の負荷をショートとし、短絡としても良い。すなわち、図８の伝送線路２９と伝送線路３０との接続点をショートとしても良い。
このとき、ショート点に対して伝送線路での波長λに対して略λ／４離れた点は、等価的に開放となっていることに等しい。これは、図８の伝送線路２９と伝送線路３０を削除した構成であり、図９の構成である。 For this reason, the load on the input / output terminal 16 may be short-circuited. That is, the connection point between the transmission line 29 and the transmission line 30 in FIG. 8 may be short-circuited.
At this time, a point that is approximately λ / 4 away from the wavelength λ in the transmission line with respect to the short point is equivalent to being open. This is a configuration in which the transmission line 29 and the transmission line 30 in FIG. 8 are deleted, and is the configuration in FIG. 9.

したがって、図９に示す回路においても、実施の形態１や実施の形態２と同様の効果が得られる。
また、回路がより簡易な構成になり、さらに小型化が図れるという効果がある。 Therefore, also in the circuit shown in FIG. 9, the same effect as in the first and second embodiments can be obtained.
In addition, there is an effect that the circuit becomes simpler and the size can be further reduced.

なお、図９において、伝送線路２６と伝送線路２７を１つの伝送線路として、電気長が所望の周波数で略１８０度となるように、すなわち所望の周波数における伝送線路中の電気信号の波長λに対して略λ／２の長さとなるように設定してもよいことは明らかである。   In FIG. 9, the transmission line 26 and the transmission line 27 are used as one transmission line so that the electrical length is approximately 180 degrees at the desired frequency, that is, the wavelength λ of the electrical signal in the transmission line at the desired frequency. It is obvious that the length may be set to be approximately λ / 2.

実施の形態４．
この発明の実施の形態４によるハイブリッド回路は、図１、図８、図９に示すものと同様のものであり、これらのどのような構成としてもよい。
図１０と図１１はこの発明の実施の形態４によるハイブリッド回路に用いる伝送線路の構成図である。 Embodiment 4 FIG.
The hybrid circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1, 8, and 9, and any configuration thereof may be used.
10 and 11 are configuration diagrams of transmission lines used in the hybrid circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

図１０において、４１、４２はキャパシタ、４３はインダクタ、４４は伝送線路である。また図１１において、４５、４６は可変容量素子、４３はインダクタ、４４は伝送線路である。   In FIG. 10, 41 and 42 are capacitors, 43 is an inductor, and 44 is a transmission line. In FIG. 11, 45 and 46 are variable capacitance elements, 43 is an inductor, and 44 is a transmission line.

図１、図８、図９に示すハイブリッド回路において、図１０に示すように少なくとも１部の伝送線路をキャパシタ、インダクタなどを用いて集中定数素子化しても良い。また、図１１に示すように可変容量素子を装荷して所望周波数を変化させても良いことは、当業者であれば周知のことである。これによって伝送線路の小型化を図ることができる。   In the hybrid circuits shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9, as shown in FIG. 10, at least one transmission line may be formed as a lumped element using a capacitor, an inductor, or the like. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, it is well known to those skilled in the art that a desired frequency may be changed by loading a variable capacitance element. As a result, the transmission line can be reduced in size.

なお、伝送線路の１部または全てを集中定数化せず、分布定数素子を用いたものとしてもよいことは明らかである。   It is obvious that a part of the transmission line or all of the transmission line may not be a lumped constant but may be a distributed constant element.

以上のように、実施の形態４によれば、より小型なハイブリッド回路が得られる効果がある。   As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, there is an effect that a smaller hybrid circuit can be obtained.

１１、１２、１３、１４、１５、１６ 入出力端子、２１、２２、２３、２４、２５、２６、２７、２８、２９、３０、４４ 伝送線路、４１、４２ キャパシタ、４３ インダクタ、４５、４６ 可変容量素子 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Input / output terminals, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 44 Transmission lines, 41, 42 Capacitors, 43 Inductors, 45, 46 Variable capacitance element

Claims (13)

第１から第６の入出力端子と、
電気長が所望周波数で９０度となる第１から第１０の伝送線路とを備え、
前記第１の伝送線路の一端に前記第１の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第１の伝送線路の他端と前記第２の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第２の伝送線路の他端と前記第３の伝送線路の一端および前記第４の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第３の伝送線路の他端と前記第５の伝送線路の一端および前記第６の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第５の伝送線路の他端と前記第１の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第４の伝送線路の他端と前記第７の伝送線路の一端および前記第８の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第７の伝送線路の他端に前記第６の伝送線路の他端および前記第９の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第８の伝送線路の他端と前記第１０の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第９の伝送線路の他端と前記第１０の伝送線路の他端が接続され、
前記第１の伝送線路の他端と前記第２の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第２の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第２の伝送線路の他端と前記第３の伝送線路の一端および前記第４の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第３の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第４の伝送線路の他端と前記第７の伝送線路の一端および前記第８の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第４の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第８の伝送線路の他端と前記第１０の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第５の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第９の伝送線路の他端と前記第１０の伝送線路の他端の接続点に前記第６の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第１から第１０の伝送線路の特性インピーダンスが互いに全て等しいことを特徴とするハイブリッド回路。 First to sixth input / output terminals;
Comprising first to tenth transmission lines having an electrical length of 90 degrees at a desired frequency;
The first input / output terminal is connected to one end of the first transmission line;
The other end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line are connected,
The other end of the second transmission line is connected to one end of the third transmission line and one end of the fourth transmission line,
The other end of the third transmission line is connected to one end of the fifth transmission line and one end of the sixth transmission line,
The other end of the fifth transmission line and one end of the first transmission line are connected,
The other end of the fourth transmission line is connected to one end of the seventh transmission line and one end of the eighth transmission line,
The other end of the sixth transmission line and the one end of the ninth transmission line are connected to the other end of the seventh transmission line,
The other end of the eighth transmission line and one end of the tenth transmission line are connected,
The other end of the ninth transmission line and the other end of the tenth transmission line are connected,
The second input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line,
The third input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the second transmission line, one end of the third transmission line, and one end of the fourth transmission line,
The fourth input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the fourth transmission line, one end of the seventh transmission line, and one end of the eighth transmission line,
The fifth input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the eighth transmission line and one end of the tenth transmission line;
The sixth input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the ninth transmission line and the other end of the tenth transmission line ;
A hybrid circuit characterized in that the characteristic impedances of the first to tenth transmission lines are all equal to each other . 第１から第５の入出力端子と、
電気長が所望周波数で９０度となる第１から第１０の伝送線路とを備え、
前記第１の伝送線路の一端に前記第１の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第１の伝送線路の他端と前記第２の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第２の伝送線路の他端と前記第３の伝送線路の一端および前記第４の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第３の伝送線路の他端と前記第５の伝送線路の一端および前記第６の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第５の伝送線路の他端と前記第１の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第４の伝送線路の他端と前記第７の伝送線路の一端および前記第８の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第７の伝送線路の他端に前記第６の伝送線路の他端および前記第９の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第８の伝送線路の他端と前記第１０の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第９の伝送線路の他端と前記第１０の伝送線路の他端が接続され、
前記第１の伝送線路の他端と前記第２の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第２の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第２の伝送線路の他端と前記第３の伝送線路の一端および前記第４の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第３の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第４の伝送線路の他端と前記第７の伝送線路の一端および前記第８の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第４の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第８の伝送線路の他端と前記第１０の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第５の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第１から第１０の伝送線路の特性インピーダンスが互いに全て等しいことを特徴とするハイブリッド回路。 First to fifth input / output terminals;
Comprising first to tenth transmission lines having an electrical length of 90 degrees at a desired frequency;
The first input / output terminal is connected to one end of the first transmission line;
The other end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line are connected,
The other end of the second transmission line is connected to one end of the third transmission line and one end of the fourth transmission line,
The other end of the third transmission line is connected to one end of the fifth transmission line and one end of the sixth transmission line,
The other end of the fifth transmission line and one end of the first transmission line are connected,
The other end of the fourth transmission line is connected to one end of the seventh transmission line and one end of the eighth transmission line,
The other end of the sixth transmission line and the one end of the ninth transmission line are connected to the other end of the seventh transmission line,
The other end of the eighth transmission line and one end of the tenth transmission line are connected,
The other end of the ninth transmission line and the other end of the tenth transmission line are connected,
The second input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line,
The third input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the second transmission line, one end of the third transmission line, and one end of the fourth transmission line,
The fourth input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the fourth transmission line, one end of the seventh transmission line, and one end of the eighth transmission line,
The fifth input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the eighth transmission line and one end of the tenth transmission line ;
A hybrid circuit characterized in that the characteristic impedances of the first to tenth transmission lines are all equal to each other . 第１から第５の入出力端子と、
電気長が所望周波数で９０度となる第１から第８の伝送線路とを備え、
前記第１の伝送線路の一端に前記第１の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第１の伝送線路の他端と前記第２の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第２の伝送線路の他端と前記第３の伝送線路の一端および前記第４の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第３の伝送線路の他端と前記第５の伝送線路の一端および前記第６の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第５の伝送線路の他端と前記第１の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第４の伝送線路の他端と前記第７の伝送線路の一端および前記第８の伝送線路の一端が接続され、
前記第７の伝送線路の他端に前記第６の伝送線路の他端が接続され、
前記第１の伝送線路の他端と前記第２の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第２の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第２の伝送線路の他端と前記第３の伝送線路の一端および前記第４の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第３の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第４の伝送線路の他端と前記第７の伝送線路の一端および前記第８の伝送線路の一端の接続点に前記第４の入出力端子が接続され、
前記第８の伝送線路の他端に前記第５の入出力端子が接続されたことを特徴とするハイブリッド回路。 First to fifth input / output terminals;
Comprising first to eighth transmission lines having an electrical length of 90 degrees at a desired frequency;
The first input / output terminal is connected to one end of the first transmission line;
The other end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line are connected,
The other end of the second transmission line is connected to one end of the third transmission line and one end of the fourth transmission line,
The other end of the third transmission line is connected to one end of the fifth transmission line and one end of the sixth transmission line,
The other end of the fifth transmission line and one end of the first transmission line are connected,
The other end of the fourth transmission line is connected to one end of the seventh transmission line and one end of the eighth transmission line,
The other end of the sixth transmission line is connected to the other end of the seventh transmission line,
The second input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the first transmission line and one end of the second transmission line,
The third input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the second transmission line, one end of the third transmission line, and one end of the fourth transmission line,
The fourth input / output terminal is connected to a connection point between the other end of the fourth transmission line, one end of the seventh transmission line, and one end of the eighth transmission line,
The hybrid circuit, wherein the fifth input / output terminal is connected to the other end of the eighth transmission line. 前記第１から第８の伝送線路の特性インピーダンスが互いに全て等しいことを特徴とする請求項３に記載のハイブリッド回路。   The hybrid circuit according to claim 3, wherein characteristic impedances of the first to eighth transmission lines are all equal to each other. 前記第１から第１０の伝送線路の特性インピーダンスが前記第１の入出力端子に接続される負荷のインピーダンスと等しいことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載のハイブリッド回路。 3. The hybrid circuit according to claim 1, wherein a characteristic impedance of the first to tenth transmission lines is equal to an impedance of a load connected to the first input / output terminal. 4. 前記第１から第８の伝送線路の特性インピーダンスが前記第１の入出力端子に接続される負荷のインピーダンスと等しいことを特徴とする請求項４に記載のハイブリッド回路。 5. The hybrid circuit according to claim 4 , wherein a characteristic impedance of the first to eighth transmission lines is equal to an impedance of a load connected to the first input / output terminal. 前記第６の入出力端子に接続される負荷のインピーダンスが前記第１の入出力端子に接続される負荷のインピーダンスか、もしくは互いに全て等しい特性インピーダンスを有する前記第１から第１０の伝送線路の特性インピーダンスの、少なくともどちらか一方と等しいことを特徴とする請求項１に記載のハイブリッド回路。   The impedance of the load connected to the sixth input / output terminal is the impedance of the load connected to the first input / output terminal or the characteristics of the first to tenth transmission lines all having the same characteristic impedance. The hybrid circuit according to claim 1, wherein the impedance is equal to at least one of the impedances. 前記第１から第１０の伝送線路の少なくとも一つが集中定数素子で構成されることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載のハイブリッド回路。 The hybrid circuit according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first to tenth transmission lines is configured by a lumped constant element. 前記第１から第８の伝送線路の少なくとも一つが集中定数素子で構成されることを特徴とする請求項３に記載のハイブリッド回路。 The hybrid circuit according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the first to eighth transmission lines is configured by a lumped constant element. 前記第１から第１０の伝送線路の少なくとも一つが可変容量素子を備えることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載のハイブリッド回路。 The hybrid circuit according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first to tenth transmission lines includes a variable capacitance element. 前記第１から第８の伝送線路の少なくとも一つが可変容量素子を備えることを特徴とする請求項３に記載のハイブリッド回路。 The hybrid circuit according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the first to eighth transmission lines includes a variable capacitance element. 前記第２から第５の入出力端子に接続される負荷のインピーダンスが互いに全て等しいことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項３のいずれか１項に記載のハイブリッド回路。 4. The hybrid circuit according to claim 1 , wherein impedances of loads connected to the second to fifth input / output terminals are all equal to each other. 5. 前記第２から第５の入出力端子に接続される負荷のインピーダンスが前記第１の入出力端子に接続される負荷のインピーダンスと等しいことを特徴とする請求項１２に記載のハイブリッド回路。 13. The hybrid circuit according to claim 12 , wherein an impedance of a load connected to the second to fifth input / output terminals is equal to an impedance of a load connected to the first input / output terminal.
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JPS6343412A (en) * 1986-08-11 1988-02-24 Fujitsu Ltd 180× hybrid circuit

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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