JP5647734B2 - リチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5647734B2 JP5647734B2 JP2013533782A JP2013533782A JP5647734B2 JP 5647734 B2 JP5647734 B2 JP 5647734B2 JP 2013533782 A JP2013533782 A JP 2013533782A JP 2013533782 A JP2013533782 A JP 2013533782A JP 5647734 B2 JP5647734 B2 JP 5647734B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carbons
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- dicyano
- metal oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 52
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 51
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 benzylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- BSVZXPLUMFUWHW-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-hex-3-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC\C=C\CC#N BSVZXPLUMFUWHW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TUSGMULOLOXQAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-diethylhex-3-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCC(CC)=C(CC)CC#N TUSGMULOLOXQAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PCXAJXOHTPAPQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dimethyloct-4-enedinitrile Chemical compound CC(CC#N)C=CC(C)CC#N PCXAJXOHTPAPQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VXGCOEDEMFUWAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylhex-3-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCC(CC)=CCC#N VXGCOEDEMFUWAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LRHJVQIZZFMIPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylhex-3-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCC(C)=CCC#N LRHJVQIZZFMIPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SSFCTPIXMIAKLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyloct-4-enedinitrile Chemical compound CC(CC#N)C=CCCC#N SSFCTPIXMIAKLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004966 cyanoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003106 haloaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006277 halobenzyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IEJCIJGHMBBDMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oct-4-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC=CCCC#N IEJCIJGHMBBDMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WZNZNDCFWFBZHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethylhex-3-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCC(C)=C(C)CC#N WZNZNDCFWFBZHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-caprolactone Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CC MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(C)(=O)=O YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUIJTQZXUURFQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylethene Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C=C WUIJTQZXUURFQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1C LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)O1 SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1COC(=O)O1 AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920008712 Copo Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001483078 Phyto Species 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVUINYZTKUMRKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-ene;sulfurous acid Chemical compound CCC=C.OS(O)=O CVUINYZTKUMRKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEZRFZQGVONVRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,3-diol;sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O.CC(O)CCO OEZRFZQGVONVRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- YCCPTBSIWCOONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-ene;sulfurous acid Chemical compound CC=C.OS(O)=O YCCPTBSIWCOONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011835 quiches Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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Description
R1ないしR4の残りは、相互独立して水素、炭素数1ないし12のアルキル、炭素数1ないし12のハロアルキル、炭素数1ないし12のアルコキシ、炭素数2ないし12のアルケニル、炭素数3ないし18のアリール、炭素数3ないし18のハロアリール、炭素数7ないし18のベンジル、炭素数7ないし18のハロベンジルまたはハロゲンである。
R1ないしR4の残りは、相互独立して水素、炭素数1ないし12のアルキル、炭素数1ないし12のハロアルキル、炭素数1ないし12のアルコキシ、炭素数2ないし12のアルケニル、炭素数3ないし18のアリール、炭素数3ないし18のハロアリール、炭素数7ないし18のベンジル、炭素数7ないし18のハロベンジルまたはハロゲンである。
非水電解液の製造
有機溶媒として、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、フルオロエチルレンカーボネート(FEC)、及びジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を2:1:7(体積比)で混合し、そこにリチウム塩としてLiPF6を1M濃度になるように溶解させた後、リチウム塩及び有機溶媒100重量部に対して、1,4‐ジシアノ‐2‐ブテン0.5重量部、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)2重量部、及び1,3‐プロパンスルトン(PS)3重量部を添加して非水電解液を製造した。
AlがコーティングされたLiCoO2が含有された正極活物質を、アルミニウム集電体に塗布した後、集電体の端部に上向に突出するように正極タブを取り付けて正極を製造し、人造黒鉛が含有された負極活物質を銅集電体に塗布した後、集電体の端部に上向に突出するように負極タブを取り付けて負極を製造した。
非水電解液の製造
有機溶媒として、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、フルオロエチルレンカーボネート(FEC)、及びメチルプロピオネート(MP)を2:1:7(体積比)で混合し、そこにリチウム塩としてLiPF6を1M濃度になるように溶解させた後、リチウム塩及び有機溶媒100重量部に対して、1,4‐ジシアノ‐2‐ブテン0.5重量部、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)2重量部、及び1,3‐プロパンスルトン(PS)3重量部を添加して非水電解液を製造した。
AlがコーティングされたLiCoO2が含有された正極活物質をアルミニウム集電体に塗布した後、集電体の端部に上向に突出するように正極タブを取り付けて正極を製造し、人造黒鉛が含有された負極活物質を銅集電体に塗布した後、集電体の端部に上向に突出するように負極タブを取り付けて負極を製造した。
1,4‐ジシアノ‐2‐ブテン1.0重量部を使用したことを除き、実施例2と同様の方法で非水電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
1,4‐ジシアノ‐2‐ブテン3.0重量部を使用したことを除き、実施例2と同様の方法で非水電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
1,4‐ジシアノ‐2‐ブテンを使用しないことを除き、実施例2と同様の方法で非水電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
1,4‐ジシアノ‐2‐ブテン0.5重量部の代りに、コハク酸ニトリル(succino nitrile)2重量部を使用したことを除き、実施例2と同様の方法で非水電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1ないし4及び比較例1ないし2で製造したリチウム二次電池を2日間エイジング(aging)した。その後、23℃で600mAの定電流で4.35Vになるまで充電してから、4.35Vの定電圧で充電して充電電流が150mAになれば充電を終了した。10分間放置した後、600mAの定電流で3.0Vになるまで放電した。このような充放電を2サイクル行った。
初期効率特性を評価した実施例1ないし4及び比較例1ないし2のリチウム二次電池を、55℃で2,100mAの定電流で4.35Vになるまで充電してから、4.35Vの定電圧で充電して充電電流が150mAになれば充電を終了した。10分間放置した後、1,500mAの定電流で3.0Vになるまで放電した。このような充放電を300サイクル行った。このとき、1サイクル目の放電容量対比300サイクル目の放電容量の比率(%)を高温サイクル容量維持率(%)として下記表1に示した。
Claims (9)
- リチウム二次電池であって、
正極と、負極と、セパレータと、及び非水電解液とを備えてなり、
前記正極と前記負極の少なくとも1つが、電極を形成する電極活物質の粒子に金属酸化物コーティング層を備えてなるものであり、又は集電体上に形成された電極層の表面に金属酸化物コーティング層を備えてなるものであり、
前記非水電解液が、イオン化可能なリチウム塩と、有機溶媒と、及び、下記化学式1で表されるジニトリル化合物とを含んでなるものであり、
前記ジニトリル化合物が、正極から溶出された遷移金属イオンと結合し、前記遷移金属イオンが電極上の金属酸化物の表面に析出されることを防止するものである、リチウム二次電池。
〔化学式1において、
R1とR2のうち1つ及びR3とR4のうち1つは‐R‐CNであり、 前記Rは相互に独立して炭素数1ないし12のアルキレン、炭素数1ないし12のハロアルキレン、炭素数2ないし12のアルケニレン、炭素数2ないし12のアルキニレン、炭素数7ないし18のベンジレン、炭素数7ないし18のハロベンジレン、炭素数6ないし18のアリーレン、または炭素数6ないし18のハロアリーレンであり、
R1ないしR4の残りは、相互に独立して水素、炭素数1ないし12のアルキル、炭素数1ないし12のハロアルキル、炭素数1ないし12のアルコキシ、炭素数2ないし12のアルケニル、炭素数3ないし18のアリール、炭素数3ないし18のハロアリール、炭素数7ないし18のベンジル、炭素数7ないし18のハロベンジルまたはハロゲンである。〕 - 前記ジニトリル化合物が、1,4‐ジシアノ‐2‐ブテン、1,4‐ジシアノ‐2‐メチル‐2‐ブテン、1,4‐ジシアノ‐2‐エチル‐2‐ブテン、1,4‐ジシアノ‐2,3‐ジメチル‐2‐ブテン、1,4‐ジシアノ‐2,3‐ジエチル‐2‐ブテン、1,6‐ジシアノ‐3‐ヘキセン、1,6‐ジシアノ‐2‐メチル‐3‐ヘキセン、及び1,6‐ジシアノ‐2‐メチル‐5‐メチル‐3‐ヘキセンからなる群より選択される何れか一種又は二種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記ジニトリル化合物が、ニトリル基がトランス位置にあることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記ジニトリル化合物が、リチウム塩及び有機溶媒100重量部に対して、0.1重量部ないし10重量部の量で含まれることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム塩の陰イオンが、F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、NO3 -、N(CN)2 -、BF4 -、ClO4 -、AlO4 -、AlCl4 -、PF6 -、SbF6 -、AsF6 -、BF2C2O4 -、BC4O8 -、(CF3)2PF4 -、(CF3)3PF3 -、(CF3)4PF2 -、(CF3)5PF-、(CF3)6P-、CF3SO3 -、C4F9SO3 -、CF3CF2SO3 -、(CF3SO2)2N-、(FSO2)2N-、CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-、(CF3SO2)2CH-、(SF5)3C-、(CF3SO2)3C-、CF3(CF2)7SO3 -、CF3CO2 -、CH3CO2 -、SCN-、及び(CF3CF2SO2)2N-からなる群より選択される何れか一種であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記有機溶媒が、エーテル、エステル、アミド、線状カーボネート、及び環状カーボネートからなる群より選択される何れか一種又は二種以上の混合物を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記エステルが下記化学式2で表されるプロピオネート系エステルであることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。
〔化学式2において、R5は炭素数1ないし5のアルキル基である。〕 - 前記金属酸化物が、Mg、Al、Co、K、Na、Ca、Si、Ti、Zr、Sn、Y、Sr、Mo、Mn及びVからなる群より選択される金属の酸化物の何れか一種又は二種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記金属酸化物が、粒子相または非晶質相であることを特徴とする請求項1〜8の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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