JP5640452B2 - Control device for power converter - Google Patents

Control device for power converter Download PDF

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JP5640452B2
JP5640452B2 JP2010112157A JP2010112157A JP5640452B2 JP 5640452 B2 JP5640452 B2 JP 5640452B2 JP 2010112157 A JP2010112157 A JP 2010112157A JP 2010112157 A JP2010112157 A JP 2010112157A JP 5640452 B2 JP5640452 B2 JP 5640452B2
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野村　尚史
尚史 野村
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Description

この発明は、電力系統に連系して交流電力を直流電力に、または直流電力を交流電力に変換する、例えばＰＷＭ（パルス幅変調）コンバータやインバータなどの電力変換器、特に電力系統の角周波数や位相を検出してその制御を行なう制御装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a power converter such as a PWM (pulse width modulation) converter or an inverter that converts AC power into DC power or DC power into AC power in connection with a power system, particularly an angular frequency of the power system. The present invention relates to a control device that detects and controls a phase.

例えばＰＷＭコンバータでは、連系される電力系統の電圧検出値位相を求め、これに基づき電流を制御することにより力率１の運転が可能である。なお、電力系統の電圧検出値位相の求め方は例えば特許文献１，２に開示されている。
そこで、特許文献１における電圧位相演算の概要について、以下に説明する。 For example, a PWM converter can be operated with a power factor of 1 by obtaining a voltage detection value phase of an interconnected power system and controlling the current based on this. In addition, the method of calculating | requiring the voltage detection value phase of an electric power grid | system is disclosed by patent document 1, 2, for example.
Therefore, an outline of the voltage phase calculation in Patent Document 1 will be described below.

まず、電力系統の相電圧Ｖｒ，Ｖｓ，Ｖｔを検出し、これを直交回転座標のｄ、ｑ軸上の値Ｖｄ，Ｖｑに座標変換する。ｄ軸の位相を、電力系統の位相演算値とする。位相演算誤差が小さい場合、系統電圧検出値のｑ軸成分は、この偏差に比例する。そこで、系統電圧検出値のｑ軸成分を比例・積分調節器で増幅して電力系統の角周波数演算値を求め、角周波数演算値を積分して位相演算値を求める。これらの演算により、位相演算誤差を零に制御することができ、電力系統の角周波数と位相を正確に演算することが可能となる。 First, phase voltages Vr, Vs, and Vt of the power system are detected, and the coordinates are converted into values Vd and Vq on the d and q axes of the orthogonal rotation coordinates. The d-axis phase is set as a phase calculation value of the power system. When the phase calculation error is small, the q-axis component of the system voltage detection value is proportional to this deviation. Therefore, the q-axis component of the system voltage detection value is amplified by the proportional / integral controller to obtain the angular frequency calculation value of the power system, and the angular frequency calculation value is integrated to obtain the phase calculation value. By these calculations, the phase calculation error can be controlled to zero, and the angular frequency and phase of the power system can be accurately calculated.

以上の演算方法で位相演算誤差が大きい場合には、系統電圧検出値のｑ軸成分と位相演算誤差との比例関係が成り立たなくなり、制御系が不安定となる。そこで、特許文献１には、系統電圧検出値のｄ軸成分とｑ軸成分とから位相演算誤差Δθを検出し、位相演算誤差が大きい場合は、系統電圧検出値のｄ軸成分を使って角周波数を演算する技術が示されている。   When the phase calculation error is large by the above calculation method, the proportional relationship between the q-axis component of the system voltage detection value and the phase calculation error does not hold, and the control system becomes unstable. Therefore, in Patent Document 1, the phase calculation error Δθ is detected from the d-axis component and the q-axis component of the system voltage detection value. A technique for computing the frequency is shown.

特開２００８−２２００１８号公報JP 2008-220018 A 特開平１０−３１３５７４号公報JP 10-31574 A

しかし、上記特許文献１に記載の技術は、位相演算誤差に応じて２種類の演算を切り替える必要があり、構成が複雑になるという問題がある。
従って、この発明の課題は、２種類の演算を切り替える必要をなくし、電力系統の角周波数と位相を簡単に検出し得るようにすることにある。 However, the technique described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 has a problem that the configuration is complicated because it is necessary to switch between two types of calculations in accordance with the phase calculation error.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to eliminate the need to switch between two types of calculations and to easily detect the angular frequency and phase of the power system.

上記のような課題を解決するため、請求項１の発明では、電力系統に連系して交流電力を直流電力に、または直流電力を交流電力に変換する電力変換器において、
前記電力系統の電圧を検出する電圧検出手段と、
前記電圧検出手段で検出された前記電力系統の電圧検出値をｄ、ｑ軸の直交回転座標に変換する座標変換器と、
前記座標変換器から出力される前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｑ軸成分を増幅して前記電力系統の角周波数を演算する角周波数演算手段と、
前記角周波数演算手段で求めた角周波数を積分して前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｄ軸成分の位相演算値を求める位相演算手段と、
前記座標変換器から出力される前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｄ軸成分およびｑ軸成分から、前記電力系統の電圧検出値の前記ｄ軸に対する角度差を演算する角度差演算手段と、
前記座標変換器から出力される前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｄ軸成分およびｑ軸成分から、前記電力系統の電圧検出値の前記ｄ軸に対する角度差を演算する角度差演算手段と、
前記位相演算手段の演算開始時に、前記位相演算手段で求めた位相演算値を、この位相演算値に前記角度差演算手段で求めた角度差演算値を加算した値に初期化する手段とを設けたことを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, in the invention of claim 1, in a power converter that is connected to a power system and converts AC power into DC power or DC power into AC power,
Voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the power system;
A coordinate converter that converts the voltage detection value of the power system detected by the voltage detection means into orthogonal rotation coordinates of d and q axes;
Angular frequency calculation means for amplifying the q-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system output from the coordinate converter to calculate the angular frequency of the power system;
Phase calculation means for integrating the angular frequency obtained by the angular frequency calculation means to obtain a phase calculation value of the d-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system;
An angle difference calculating means for calculating an angle difference of the voltage detection value of the power system with respect to the d axis from a d-axis component and a q-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system output from the coordinate converter;
An angle difference calculating means for calculating an angle difference of the voltage detection value of the power system with respect to the d axis from a d-axis component and a q-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system output from the coordinate converter;
Means for initializing the phase calculation value obtained by the phase calculation means at a start of calculation by the phase calculation means to a value obtained by adding the angle difference calculation value obtained by the angle difference calculation means to the phase calculation value; It is characterized by that.

また、請求項２の発明では、電力系統に連系して交流電力を直流電力に、または直流電力を交流電力に変換する電力変換器において、
前記電力系統の電圧を検出する電圧検出手段と、
前記電圧検出手段で検出された前記電力系統の電圧検出値をｄ、ｑ軸の直交回転座標に変換する座標変換器と、
前記座標変換器から出力される前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｑ軸成分を増幅して前記電力系統の角周波数を演算する角周波数演算手段と、
前記角周波数演算手段で求めた角周波数を積分して前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｄ軸成分の位相演算値を求める位相演算手段と、
前記座標変換器から出力される前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｄ軸成分の極性、またはｑ軸成分の極性の少なくとも一方を用いて位相補償値を演算する位相補償値演算手段と、
前記座標変換器から出力される前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｄ軸成分の極性、またはｑ軸成分の極性の少なくとも一方を用いて位相補償値を演算する位相補償値演算手段と、
前記位相演算手段の演算開始時に、前記位相演算手段で求めた位相演算値を、この位相演算値に前記角位相補償値演算手段で求めた位相補償値を加算した値に初期化する手段とを設けたことを特徴とする。 Further, in the invention of claim 2, in the power converter that converts AC power into DC power or DC power into AC power linked to the power system,
Voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the power system;
A coordinate converter that converts the voltage detection value of the power system detected by the voltage detection means into orthogonal rotation coordinates of d and q axes;
Angular frequency calculation means for amplifying the q-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system output from the coordinate converter to calculate the angular frequency of the power system;
Phase calculation means for integrating the angular frequency obtained by the angular frequency calculation means to obtain a phase calculation value of the d-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system;
Phase compensation value computing means for computing a phase compensation value using at least one of the polarity of the d-axis component or the q-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system output from the coordinate converter;
Phase compensation value computing means for computing a phase compensation value using at least one of the polarity of the d-axis component or the q-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system output from the coordinate converter;
Means for initializing the phase calculation value obtained by the phase calculation means at a start of calculation by the phase calculation means to a value obtained by adding the phase compensation value obtained by the angular phase compensation value calculation means to the phase calculation value ; It is provided.

この発明によれば、２種類の演算の切り替え等を必要とせず、簡単な演算で位相演算誤差が小さい状態から電力系統の角周波数と位相の演算を開始することができ、演算を安定に実行できるので、制御性能を向上させることが可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to start the calculation of the angular frequency and the phase of the power system from a state where the phase calculation error is small with a simple calculation without switching between two types of calculations, and the calculation is stably executed. Therefore, the control performance can be improved.

この発明の実施の形態を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows embodiment of this invention. 図１の原理を説明するための説明図である。It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the principle of FIG. この発明の別の実施の形態を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows another embodiment of this invention. 位相補償値の演算原理説明図である。It is a calculation explanatory view of a phase compensation value. 図３で用いる位相補償値の演算テーブル図である。It is a calculation table figure of the phase compensation value used in FIG. 図３の変形例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the modification of FIG. 図６で用いる位相補償値の演算テーブル図である。It is a calculation table figure of the phase compensation value used in FIG. 図３の他の変形例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the other modification of FIG. 図８の場合の位相補償値の演算テーブル図である。FIG. 9 is a calculation table of phase compensation values in the case of FIG. 8.

図１はこの発明の実施形態を示すブロック図である。これは、系統電圧検出値から位相演算誤差を求め、これを用いて位相演算値を初期化することで、位相演算誤差を低減するものである。
より具体的には、座標変換器１１において位相演算値θdetを用い、３相の電圧検出値ｖsR，ｖsS，ｖsTをｄ、ｑ軸系統電圧検出値ｖsd，ｖsqに座標変換する。ｄ、ｑ軸は直交回転座標であり、ｄ軸の位相は位相演算値θdetとし、ｑ軸の位相はｄ軸から９０°進み方向とする。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. In this method, the phase calculation error is obtained from the system voltage detection value, and the phase calculation value is initialized by using the phase calculation error, thereby reducing the phase calculation error.
More specifically, the coordinate converter 11 uses the phase calculation value θ det to convert the three-phase voltage detection values v sR , v sS , and v sT into d and q-axis system voltage detection values v sd and v sq. To do. The d and q axes are orthogonal rotation coordinates, the phase of the d axis is a phase calculation value θ det, and the phase of the q axis is a direction advanced by 90 ° from the d axis.

角周波数補正器１２はｑ軸系統電圧検出値Ｖsqを内部の比例・積分調節器により増幅して、角周波数補正値ωcmpを演算する。加算器１３は、角周波数補正値ωcmpと角周波数基準値ωbaseとを加算して角周波数演算値ωdetを求める。積分器１４は、角周波数演算値ωdetを積分して位相演算値θdetを演算する。また、極座標変換器２１は、ｄ、ｑ軸系統電圧検出値ｖsd，ｖsqから、ｄ軸と系統電圧検出値との角度差を演算し、これを位相補償値θinitialとして設定する。 The angular frequency corrector 12 calculates the angular frequency correction value ω cmp by amplifying the q-axis system voltage detection value V sq by an internal proportional / integral controller. The adder 13 adds the angular frequency correction value ω cmp and the angular frequency reference value ω base to obtain an angular frequency calculation value ω det . The integrator 14 integrates the angular frequency calculation value ω det to calculate the phase calculation value θ det . Further, the polar coordinate converter 21 calculates an angular difference between the d-axis and the system voltage detection value from the d and q-axis system voltage detection values v sd and v sq , and sets this as the phase compensation value θ initial .

積分器１４は、角周波数と位相の演算の開始時に、位相演算値θdetを次の（１）式で初期化する。
θdet＝θdet＋θinitial…（１）
これにより、位相演算誤差が零の状態から角周波数と位相の演算を開始することができ、角周波数と位相の演算を安定に実行することができる。 The integrator 14 initializes the phase calculation value θ det with the following equation (1) at the start of the calculation of the angular frequency and the phase.
θ det = θ det + θ initial (1)
Thereby, the calculation of the angular frequency and the phase can be started from the state where the phase calculation error is zero, and the calculation of the angular frequency and the phase can be stably executed.

図２を参照して、位相補償値θinitialの演算原理を説明する。
ｄ軸の位相は位相演算値θdetに等しいことから、位相演算値θdetの演算誤差は、ｄ軸と系統電圧検出値との角度差に等しい。そこで、変換器２１により系統電圧検出値ｖsd，ｖsqを座標変換することによってｄ軸と系統電圧検出値との角度差を求め、これを位相補償値θinitialとする。 The calculation principle of the phase compensation value θ initial will be described with reference to FIG.
Since the d-axis in phase equal to the phase calculation value theta det, calculation error of the phase calculation value theta det is equal to the angle difference between the d-axis and the system voltage detection value. Therefore, the converter 21 performs coordinate conversion of the system voltage detection values v sd and v sq to obtain an angle difference between the d-axis and the system voltage detection value, which is set as a phase compensation value θ initial .

図３はこの発明の別の実施の形態を示すブロック図である。
これは、図１に示す極座標変換器２１の代わりに、位相誤差演算器２２を用いるようにした点が特徴で、それ以外は図１と同様である。
図４は位相補償値θinitialの演算原理説明図である。ｄｑ軸系統電圧検出値の方向は、検出値ｖsd，ｖsqがｄｑ軸の極性から、まず図４に示す領域１〜４の領域のいずれの領域かを判断する。領域が決定したら、図５に示すテーブルを用いて位相補償値θinitialを求め、上記（１）式によって位相演算値θdetを初期化する。これにより、位相演算誤差を±４５°以下の状態から、角周波数と位相の演算を開始することができ、角周波数と位相の演算を安定に実行できることになる。 FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.
This is characterized in that a phase error calculator 22 is used in place of the polar coordinate converter 21 shown in FIG. 1, and is otherwise the same as FIG.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the calculation principle of the phase compensation value θ initial . The direction of the dq-axis system voltage detection value is determined based on the detection values v sd and v sq based on the polarity of the dq axis. When the region is determined, the phase compensation value θ initial is obtained using the table shown in FIG. 5, and the phase calculation value θ det is initialized by the above equation (1). Thereby, the calculation of the angular frequency and the phase can be started from the state where the phase calculation error is ± 45 ° or less, and the calculation of the angular frequency and the phase can be stably executed.

図６は図３の変形例を示すブロック図である。
これは、図３に示す位相誤差演算器２２の代わりに、位相誤差演算器２３を用いるようにした点が特徴で、それ以外は図３と同様である。
ここでは、ｄ軸系統電圧検出値ｖsdの極性のみから、図４に示す領域１，４または２，３のいずれの領域かを判断する。領域が決定したら、図７に示すテーブルを用いて位相補償値θinitialを求め、上記（１）式によって位相演算値θdetを初期化する。これにより、位相演算誤差を±９０°以下の状態から、角周波数と位相の演算を開始することができ、角周波数と位相の演算を安定に実行できることになる。 FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a modification of FIG.
This is characterized in that a phase error calculator 23 is used instead of the phase error calculator 22 shown in FIG. 3, and the other points are the same as in FIG.
Here, it is determined from any one of the regions 1, 4 and 2, 3 shown in FIG. 4 only from the polarity of the detected d-axis system voltage value sd . When the region is determined, the phase compensation value θ initial is obtained using the table shown in FIG. 7, and the phase calculation value θ det is initialized by the above equation (1). Thereby, the calculation of the angular frequency and the phase can be started from the state where the phase calculation error is ± 90 ° or less, and the calculation of the angular frequency and the phase can be executed stably.

図８は図３の他の変形例を示すブロック図である。
これは、図３に示す極座標変換器２１の代わりに、位相誤差演算器２４を用いるようにした点が特徴で、それ以外は図３と同様である。
この例は、ｑ軸系統電圧検出値ｖsqの極性のみから、図４に示す領域１，２または３，４のいずれの領域かを判断する。領域が決定したら、図９に示すテーブルを用いて位相補償値θinitialを求め、上記（１）式によって位相演算値θdetを初期化する。これにより、位相演算誤差を±９０°以下の状態から、角周波数と位相の演算を開始することができ、角周波数と位相の演算を安定に実行できることになる。 FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing another modification of FIG.
This is characterized in that a phase error calculator 24 is used in place of the polar coordinate converter 21 shown in FIG. 3, and the rest is the same as FIG.
This example is only the polarity of the q-axis system voltage detection value v sq, determines which regions of the regions 1, 2, or 3 and 4 shown in FIG. When the region is determined, the phase compensation value θ initial is obtained using the table shown in FIG. 9, and the phase calculation value θ det is initialized by the above equation (1). Thereby, the calculation of the angular frequency and the phase can be started from the state where the phase calculation error is ± 90 ° or less, and the calculation of the angular frequency and the phase can be executed stably.

１１…座標変換器、１２…角周波数補正器、１３…加算器、１４…積分器、２１…極座標変換器、２２，２３，２４…位相誤差演算器。
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Coordinate converter, 12 ... Angular frequency corrector, 13 ... Adder, 14 ... Integrator, 21 ... Polar coordinate converter, 22, 23, 24 ... Phase error calculator.

Claims (2)

電力系統に連系して交流電力を直流電力に、または直流電力を交流電力に変換する電力変換器において、
前記電力系統の電圧を検出する電圧検出手段と、
前記電圧検出手段で検出された前記電力系統の電圧検出値をｄ、ｑ軸の直交回転座標に変換する座標変換器と、
前記座標変換器から出力される前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｑ軸成分を増幅して前記電力系統の角周波数を演算する角周波数演算手段と、
前記角周波数演算手段で求めた角周波数を積分して前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｄ軸成分の位相演算値を求める位相演算手段と、
前記座標変換器から出力される前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｄ軸成分およびｑ軸成分から、前記電力系統の電圧検出値の前記ｄ軸に対する角度差を演算する角度差演算手段と、
前記位相演算手段の演算開始時に、前記位相演算手段で求めた位相演算値を、この位相演算値に前記角度差演算手段で求めた角度差演算値を加算した値に初期化する手段とを設けたことを特徴とする電力変換器の制御装置。 In a power converter that converts AC power to DC power or DC power to AC power linked to the power system,
Voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the power system;
A coordinate converter that converts the voltage detection value of the power system detected by the voltage detection means into orthogonal rotation coordinates of d and q axes;
Angular frequency calculation means for amplifying the q-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system output from the coordinate converter to calculate the angular frequency of the power system;
Phase calculation means for integrating the angular frequency obtained by the angular frequency calculation means to obtain a phase calculation value of the d-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system;
An angle difference calculating means for calculating an angle difference of the voltage detection value of the power system with respect to the d axis from a d-axis component and a q-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system output from the coordinate converter;
Means for initializing the phase calculation value obtained by the phase calculation means at a start of calculation by the phase calculation means to a value obtained by adding the angle difference calculation value obtained by the angle difference calculation means to the phase calculation value; A power converter control device. 電力系統に連系して交流電力を直流電力に、または直流電力を交流電力に変換する電力変換器において、
前記電力系統の電圧を検出する電圧検出手段と、
前記電圧検出手段で検出された前記電力系統の電圧検出値をｄ、ｑ軸の直交回転座標に変換する座標変換器と、
前記座標変換器から出力される前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｑ軸成分を増幅して前記電力系統の角周波数を演算する角周波数演算手段と、
前記角周波数演算手段で求めた角周波数を積分して前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｄ軸成分の位相演算値を求める位相演算手段と、
前記座標変換器から出力される前記電力系統の電圧検出値のｄ軸成分の極性、またはｑ軸成分の極性の少なくとも一方を用いて位相補償値を演算する位相補償値演算手段と、
前記位相演算手段の演算開始時に、前記位相演算手段で求めた位相演算値を、この位相演算値に前記角位相補償値演算手段で求めた位相補償値を加算した値に初期化する手段とを設けたことを特徴とする電力変換器の制御装置。 In a power converter that converts AC power to DC power or DC power to AC power linked to the power system,
Voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the power system;
A coordinate converter that converts the voltage detection value of the power system detected by the voltage detection means into orthogonal rotation coordinates of d and q axes;
Angular frequency calculation means for amplifying the q-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system output from the coordinate converter to calculate the angular frequency of the power system;
Phase calculation means for integrating the angular frequency obtained by the angular frequency calculation means to obtain a phase calculation value of the d-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system;
Phase compensation value computing means for computing a phase compensation value using at least one of the polarity of the d-axis component or the q-axis component of the voltage detection value of the power system output from the coordinate converter;
Means for initializing the phase calculation value obtained by the phase calculation means at a start of calculation by the phase calculation means to a value obtained by adding the phase compensation value obtained by the angular phase compensation value calculation means to the phase calculation value ; A control device for a power converter, characterized by being provided.
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