JP5447714B2 - 画像表示装置 - Google Patents
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- JP5447714B2 JP5447714B2 JP2013089590A JP2013089590A JP5447714B2 JP 5447714 B2 JP5447714 B2 JP 5447714B2 JP 2013089590 A JP2013089590 A JP 2013089590A JP 2013089590 A JP2013089590 A JP 2013089590A JP 5447714 B2 JP5447714 B2 JP 5447714B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/004—Systems comprising a plurality of reflections between two or more surfaces, e.g. cells, resonators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/006—Systems in which light light is reflected on a plurality of parallel surfaces, e.g. louvre mirrors, total internal reflection [TIR] lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0856—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
- G02B27/144—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using partially transparent surfaces without spectral selectivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4272—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having plural diffractive elements positioned sequentially along the optical path
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1842—Gratings for image generation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0026—Wavelength selective element, sheet or layer, e.g. filter or grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
- G02B2027/0116—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display comprising devices for correcting chromatic aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
- G02B2027/0125—Field-of-view increase by wavefront division
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2848—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers having refractive means, e.g. imaging elements between light guides as splitting, branching and/or combining devices, e.g. lenses, holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/43—Arrangements comprising a plurality of opto-electronic elements and associated optical interconnections
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
Description
したがって、本発明を適用した虚像光学装置を軽量化、小型化することができ、さらには、コストダウンを計ることも可能となる。また、この虚像光学装置を頭部装着型のHMD(Head Mounted Display)とした場合にも装着者の、装置装着時の不快感を大幅に軽減させることが可能となる。
、偏光ビームスプリッタと、導光光学系とを有する。前記光学レンズは、前記反射型空間光変調素子の反射面の任意の位置からの反射光を、前記反射型光学素子と前記光学レンズとの組合せによって平行光群として射出し、前記導光光学系は、前記平行光群を内部で全反射したのち平行光群のまま外部に射出し、前記光源、反射型空間光変調素子、反射型光学素子、光学レンズは、それぞれ前記偏光ビームスプリッタの4つの光学面近傍又は密着して配置され、前記反射型光学素子と前記偏光ビームスプリッタとの間には、1/4波長板が配置される。
図8に、第1の実施の形態として示す虚像表示装置10を示す。虚像表示装置10は、画像を表示する画像表示素子11と、画像表示素子11で表示された表示光を入射して、観察者の瞳16へと導く虚像光学系とを備えている。
図11に、第2実施の形態として示す虚像表示装置20を示す。第2の実施の形態として示す虚像表示装置20は、カラー画像の虚像を表示する。なお、図11に示す本実施の形態では、図面の見やすさを優先させるために中心画角光線のみを図示している。
図14に、第3の実施の形態として示す虚像表示装置40を示す。第3の実施の形態として示す虚像表示装置40は、第2の実施の形態として示す虚像表示装置20と同様にカラー画像の虚像を表示する。なお、図14に示す本実施の形態では、図面の見やすさを優先させるために中心画角光線のみを図示している。
図17に、第4の実施の形態として示す虚像表示装置60を示す。第4の実施の形態として示す虚像表示装置60は、カラー画像の虚像を表示する。なお、図17に示す本実施の形態では、図面の見やすさを優先させるために中心画角光線のみを図示している。
この虚像表示装置60は、レンズ効果のない第1の反射型体積ホログラムグレーティング64,第2の反射型体積ホログラムグレーティング65を備えることで、単色偏心収差、回折色収差を排除低減することができる。
図21に、第5の実施の形態として示す虚像表示装置80を示す。虚像表示装置80は、画像を表示する画像表示素子81と、画像表示素子81で表示された表示光を入射して、観察者の瞳16へと導く虚像光学系とを備えている。
図22に、第6の実施の形態として示す虚像表示装置90を示す。虚像表示装置90は、画像を表示する画像表示素子91と、画像表示素子91で表示された表示光を入射して、観察者の瞳16へと導く虚像光学系とを備えている。
また、記録された干渉縞のグレーティングピッチΛpが、(1)式を満たす場合に、平行光束が入射角θrで入射され、射出回折角θsで回折反射されるときの回折効率を最大とするような干渉縞のスラント角φ0は、ブラッグ条件から、(2)式のように表すことができる。
入射角θで入射されて、射出回折角θsで回折反射された平光光束の回折効率が最大となるのは、干渉縞で鏡面反射された場合であるので、スラント角φ0は、(2)式に示すようになる。
このとき、回折効率を最大にするスラント角φcは、(2)式より、φc=(θc’+θc)/2となるため、(3)式を用いて、(4)式のように表すことができる。
但し、C=λ/Λp
図28に、(4)式を用いて、入射角θcを±10度の角度範囲で変化させた際に、回折効率を最大とするスラント角φcの値をプロットした図を示す。グレーティングピッチΛpは、(1)式から求めることができる。図28に示す点線Aは、入射角θr=0度、射出回折角θs=125度としてグレーティングピッチΛpを決めた際の、入射角θcに対する回折効率を最大にするスラント角φcの様子を示している。また、図28に示す実線Bは、入射角θr=0度、射出回折角θs=120度としてグレーティングピッチΛpを決めた際の、入射角θcに対する回折効率を最大にするスラント角φcの様子を示している。
図29に、第7の実施の形態として示す画像表示装置100を示す。
画像表示装置100は、照明光源101と、照明光源101から出射された照明光を反射するとともに空間変調する反射型空間光変調素子104と、反射型空間光変調素子104で空間変調された照明光を入射して、観察者の瞳16へ導く虚像光学系とを備えている。
図30に、第8の実施の形態として示す画像表示装置130を示す。
図31に、第9の実施の形態として示す画像表示装置140を示す。
本発明を適用した画像表示装置140は、画像表示素子144と、画像表示素子144から射出した光束を平行光束群に変換するコリメータ光学系と、コリメータ光学系から射出した平行光束群を内部で全反射することにより瞳まで導光する導光光学系とを有し、このコリメータ光学系を反射型光学素子として非球面凹面鏡107と光学レンズとして非球面光学レンズ108とを組み合わせて構成することにより、コンパクトながら像面湾曲量の非常に小さいコリメータを実現し、虚像表示装置の表示画像の解像力の向上、ならびに装置全体の小型化、軽量化を実現する。
図32に、第10の実施の形態として示す画像表示装置160を示す。
虚像光学系は、コリメート光学系と、導光光学系とを備える。導光光学系は、導光板120と、導光板120に設けられた第1の反射型ホログラム素子123と、第2の反射型ホログラム素子124とを備える。
図33に、第11の実施の形態として示す画像表示装置170を示す。
図34に、第12の実施の形態として示す画像表示装置190を示す。
図35に、第13の実施の形態として示す画像表示装置210を示す。
図36に、第14の実施の形態として示す画像表示装置230を示す。
虚像光学系は、コリメート光学系と、導光光学系とを備える。導光光学系は、導光板120と、導光板120に設けられた第1の反射型ホログラム素子123と、第2の反射型ホログラム素子124とを備える。
画像表示素子144から射出した光束は、第1及び第2の光学レンズ231,232を経て、平面ミラー235にて反射された後、第3の光学レンズ233を経て、導光板120に入射する。
図37に、第15の実施の形態として示す画像表示装置240を示す。
Claims (7)
- 画像表示素子と、
前記画像表示素子からの射出光をコリメートするコリメート光学系と、
前記コリメート光学系からの平行光群を内部で全反射したのち平行光群のまま外部に射出する導光光学系とを有し、
前記コリメート光学系は、反射面と屈折面とを有するプリズムを有し、
前記コリメート光学系は、前記画像表示素子の画像表示面の任意の位置からの射出光を、前記反射面と前記屈折面との組合せによって平行光群として射出する表示装置。 - 前記導光光学系は導光板を有し、
前記導光板を内部全反射して導光される前記平行光群は、前記導光板に外部から入射され、前記導光板内部を全反射しながら進行する互いに画角の異なる平行光群が、各画角の違いにより、前記導光板から射出されるまでの期間における全反射回数が互いに異なる請求項1記載の表示装置。 - 前記プリズムは、画像表示素子からの表示光を入射する入射側に設けられ回転対称軸を有しない第1の光学面と、出射側に設けられ、内部全反射作用と屈折作用を同一面で行う第2の光学面と、全反射する第3の光学面とを有する請求項1または2記載の表示装置。
- 前記画像表示素子からの射出光は、前記第1の光学面から入射された後、前記第2の光学面にて内部全反射され、続いて前記第3の光学面にて反射された後、前記第2の光学面を屈折透過し前記導光板に入射するように構成されている請求項3記載の表示装置。
- 前記第3の光学面はアルミでコーティングされている請求項4記載の表示装置。
- 前記導光光学系は、ホログラム素子を有する請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の表示装置。
- 前記導光光学系は、導光板の全反射面と平行でない複数の反射面を有する請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の表示装置。
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WO2019097695A1 (ja) | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-23 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 表示装置 |
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