JP5394834B2 - Permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine rotor - Google Patents

Permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine rotor Download PDF

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JP5394834B2
JP5394834B2 JP2009150943A JP2009150943A JP5394834B2 JP 5394834 B2 JP5394834 B2 JP 5394834B2 JP 2009150943 A JP2009150943 A JP 2009150943A JP 2009150943 A JP2009150943 A JP 2009150943A JP 5394834 B2 JP5394834 B2 JP 5394834B2
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permanent magnet
rotor
conduction circuit
type rotating
rotating electrical
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JP2011010439A (en
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祥子 川崎
正嗣 中野
友輔 森田
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Description

この発明は、回転子鉄心に永久磁石を備え、整流子を用いずに回転する永久磁石型回転電機の回転子に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a rotor of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine that includes a permanent magnet in a rotor core and rotates without using a commutator.

回転子鉄心に永久磁石を備え、整流子を用いずに駆動する永久磁石型回転電機は、近年、様々な用途に採用されており、低コスト化、小型化が求められている。この要求に応えるために、回転電機の突極性を利用し、固定子巻線に高周波電流を印加することによって回転子の回転角度を検出し、エンコーダやレゾルバなどの回転角度検出装置を備えずに回転電機を駆動する、いわゆる「センサレス駆動」技術が開発されている。   BACKGROUND ART Permanent magnet type rotating electrical machines that are provided with a permanent magnet in a rotor core and are driven without using a commutator have been adopted for various applications in recent years, and cost reduction and miniaturization are required. In order to meet this requirement, the rotational angle of the rotor is detected by using the saliency of the rotating electrical machine and applying a high-frequency current to the stator winding, and without a rotational angle detection device such as an encoder or resolver. A so-called “sensorless driving” technique for driving a rotating electrical machine has been developed.

回転子の回転角度検出の精度を向上させるためには、突極性の向上が求められ、様々な工夫がなされている。従来の永久磁石型回転電機では、回転子の外表面に、回転子のＮ極とＳ極とを区分する極間から、回転子の正回転方向と逆回転方向に例えば電気角８０〜１００°の角度区間に渡って、導電性の非磁性体層を形成している。（例えば、特許文献１参照）   In order to improve the accuracy of detecting the rotation angle of the rotor, improvement in saliency is required, and various devices have been made. In a conventional permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine, an electrical angle of, for example, 80 to 100 degrees in the forward rotation direction and the reverse rotation direction of the rotor from between the poles separating the N pole and the S pole of the rotor on the outer surface of the rotor. A conductive non-magnetic layer is formed over the angular section. (For example, see Patent Document 1)

また、他の従来の永久磁石型回転電機では、センサレス駆動が目的ではないが、永久磁石からの漏洩磁界を低減し、突極性を向上させるために、永久磁石の一端または両端に非磁性電気導体を設けている。そして、永久磁石に発生する渦電流を抑制するために、永久磁石の周囲に接して非磁性電気導体を設けている。（例えば、特許文献２参照）   Further, in other conventional permanent magnet type rotating electrical machines, sensorless driving is not aimed, but in order to reduce the leakage magnetic field from the permanent magnet and improve the saliency, a nonmagnetic electrical conductor is provided at one or both ends of the permanent magnet. Is provided. And in order to suppress the eddy current which generate | occur | produces in a permanent magnet, the nonmagnetic electrical conductor is provided in contact with the circumference | surroundings of a permanent magnet. (For example, see Patent Document 2)

特開平９−５６１９３号公報（第３頁、図２）JP-A-9-56193 (page 3, FIG. 2) 特開２００５−１１７８５８号公報（第４−８頁、図２、図４、図８、図９）Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-117858 (page 4-8, FIG. 2, FIG. 4, FIG. 8, FIG. 9)

このような永久磁石型回転電機にあっては、非磁性体層が回転子の外表面に設けられているため、得られる突極性は不充分であるという問題点があった。   Such a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine has a problem that the saliency obtained is insufficient because the nonmagnetic layer is provided on the outer surface of the rotor.

また、非磁性電気導体を永久磁石に接して設けた場合においても、永久磁石端部の近傍を通過する磁束に対してのみ有効であり、効果が限定的であった。このため、突極性が不充分であった。   Further, even when the nonmagnetic electric conductor is provided in contact with the permanent magnet, it is effective only for the magnetic flux passing near the end of the permanent magnet, and the effect is limited. For this reason, the saliency is insufficient.

この発明は、上述のような問題を解決するためになされたもので、突極性を向上させることにより、回転子の回転角度の検出精度を向上させた永久磁石型回転電機の回転子を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a rotor of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine in which the detection accuracy of the rotation angle of the rotor is improved by improving the saliency. For the purpose.

この発明に係る永久磁石型回転電機の回転子は、回転子鉄心に配置された複数の永久磁石をそれぞれ取り囲む導通回路を備え、回転子の周方向におけるこの導通回路の内側の幅を、永久磁石の周方向の幅よりも大きく、かつ、周方向に連続する永久磁石のうち所定の永久磁石に注目するとき、所定の永久磁石の両側で隣り合う他の永久磁石の、この所定の永久磁石と対向する端面同士の間隔以下に設定するとともに、一の前記導通回路によって囲まれる空間の一部が、隣り合う他の前記導通回路によって囲まれる空間の一部と径方向で互いに対向するように、前記導通回路が配置されたものである。 The rotor of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to the present invention includes a conduction circuit surrounding each of a plurality of permanent magnets arranged on the rotor core, and the width of the inside of the conduction circuit in the circumferential direction of the rotor is set to a permanent magnet. When focusing on a predetermined permanent magnet among the permanent magnets that are larger than the circumferential width of the predetermined permanent magnet, the other permanent magnets adjacent to both sides of the predetermined permanent magnet The distance between the opposing end faces is set to be equal to or less than that, and a part of the space surrounded by the one conducting circuit is opposed to a part of the space surrounded by the other neighboring conducting circuit in the radial direction. The conduction circuit is arranged .

この発明によれば、回転子の周方向における導通回路の内側の幅を、永久磁石の周方向の幅よりも大きく、かつ、この永久磁石と隣り合う両側の他の永久磁石の、この永久磁石に対向する端面同士の間隔以下にするとともに、一の前記導通回路によって囲まれる空間の一部が、隣り合う他の前記導通回路によって囲まれる空間の一部と径方向で互いに対向するように、前記導通回路が配置されたしたことにより、導通回路に鎖交する磁束を大きくすることができ、突極性が向上する。これにより、回転子の回転角度の検出精度が向上する。 According to the present invention, the inner width of the conduction circuit in the circumferential direction of the rotor is larger than the circumferential width of the permanent magnet, and the permanent magnets of the other permanent magnets on both sides adjacent to the permanent magnet. And a part of the space surrounded by the one conducting circuit is opposed to each other in the radial direction with a part of the space surrounded by the other conducting circuit adjacent thereto. Since the conductive circuit is arranged, the magnetic flux linked to the conductive circuit can be increased, and the saliency is improved. Thereby, the detection accuracy of the rotation angle of the rotor is improved.

この発明の実施の形態１における永久磁石型回転電機を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the permanent magnet type rotary electric machine in Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１における回転子を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the rotor in Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１における回転子を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the rotor in Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１における導通回路を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the conduction | electrical_connection circuit in Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１における連続する３つの永久磁石および導通回路だけを取り出して示す平面図である。It is a top view which takes out and shows only the three continuous permanent magnets and conduction circuits in Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１における固定子巻線に印加された高周波電流のリサージュ波形を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the Lissajous waveform of the high frequency current applied to the stator winding | coil in Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態１における永久磁石型回転電機の突極性の目安と駆動電流との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the standard of the saliency of the permanent magnet type rotary electric machine in Embodiment 1 of this invention, and a drive current. この発明の実施の形態２における回転子を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the rotor in Embodiment 2 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態２における回転子を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the rotor in Embodiment 2 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態２における連続する３つの永久磁石および導通回路だけを取り出して示す平面図である。It is a top view which takes out and shows only the three continuous permanent magnets and conduction circuits in Embodiment 2 of this invention.

実施の形態１．
図１はこの発明の実施の形態１における永久磁石型回転電機１を示す平面図である。まず、この発明の実施の形態１における永久磁石型回転電機１の構成の概略を説明する。図１において、永久磁石型回転電機１は固定子２０を備え、この固定子２０との間に所定の間隙をもって回転子３０ａが固定子２０の内周側に回転自在に設けられた構成となっている。 Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. First, the outline of the configuration of the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described. In FIG. 1, the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 1 includes a stator 20, and a rotor 30 a is rotatably provided on the inner peripheral side of the stator 20 with a predetermined gap between the stator 20. ing.

次に、固定子２０の構成について説明する。図１において、固定子２０は、固定子鉄心２１を備えている。この固定子鉄心２１は、環状のヨーク部２２と、このヨーク部２２の径方向内側に等間隔に突き出たティース部２３、ティース部２３同士の間の溝であるスロット２４を備えている。ティース部２３には固定子巻線２５が巻回されている。図１では、一例として、スロット２４を１２個設けた場合を示しているが、これに限られることはない。   Next, the configuration of the stator 20 will be described. In FIG. 1, the stator 20 includes a stator core 21. The stator core 21 includes an annular yoke portion 22, a tooth portion 23 protruding at an equal interval on the radially inner side of the yoke portion 22, and a slot 24 that is a groove between the tooth portions 23. A stator winding 25 is wound around the tooth portion 23. Although FIG. 1 shows a case where 12 slots 24 are provided as an example, the present invention is not limited to this.

次に、回転子３０ａの構成について説明する。図２はこの発明の実施の形態１における回転子３０ａを示す斜視図であり、図３はこの発明の実施の形態１における回転子３０ａを示す平面図である。図２、図３において、回転軸３１の外周側に回転子鉄心３２が取り付けられ、この回転子鉄心３２の外周表面に極性の異なる永久磁石３３が交互に周方向に関して等間隔に配置されている。そして、永久磁石３３を取り囲む導通回路３４がそれぞれ取り付けられている。図２、図３では、一例として、永久磁石３３を１０極設け、導通回路３４を全ての永久磁石３３に取り付けた場合を示しているが、これに限られることはない。   Next, the configuration of the rotor 30a will be described. 2 is a perspective view showing a rotor 30a according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the rotor 30a according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 2 and 3, a rotor core 32 is attached to the outer peripheral side of the rotary shaft 31, and permanent magnets 33 having different polarities are alternately arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 32. . And the conduction circuit 34 surrounding the permanent magnet 33 is each attached. In FIGS. 2 and 3, as an example, ten permanent magnets 33 are provided and the conduction circuit 34 is attached to all the permanent magnets 33. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

回転子鉄心３２の外周表面には、永久磁石３３の位置決め用突起部３５が設けられ、永久磁石３３は、この位置決め用突起部３５に挟まれて配置されている。このため、永久磁石３３の周方向の幅は、電気角１８０°よりも小さくなっている。   A positioning projection 35 of the permanent magnet 33 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 32, and the permanent magnet 33 is disposed between the positioning projections 35. For this reason, the circumferential width of the permanent magnet 33 is smaller than an electrical angle of 180 °.

また、図１に示すように、永久磁石３３や導通回路３４を保護するために、例えばＳＵＳ製で円筒状の飛散防止部材３６を、この回転子３０ａの外周面を覆うように設けるが、図２、図３では省略している。   Further, as shown in FIG. 1, in order to protect the permanent magnet 33 and the conduction circuit 34, for example, a SUS-made cylindrical scattering prevention member 36 is provided so as to cover the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 30a. 2 and omitted in FIG.

次に、導通回路３４の構成について説明する。図４はこの発明の実施の形態１における導通回路３４を示す斜視図であり、図５はこの発明の実施の形態１における連続する３つの永久磁石３３および導通回路３４だけを取り出して示す平面図である。図４、図５において、導通回路３４は、永久磁石３３の間に配置され回転軸３１の方向に延在する一対の第１導体４０を備え、これら一対の第１導体４０の端部同士が一対の第２導体４１によって電気的に接続されている。これら、第１導体４０と第２導体４１により構成される導通回路３４によって永久磁石３３が取り囲まれている。   Next, the configuration of the conduction circuit 34 will be described. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing conduction circuit 34 in the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a plan view showing only three continuous permanent magnets 33 and conduction circuit 34 in the first embodiment of the present invention. It is. 4 and 5, the conduction circuit 34 includes a pair of first conductors 40 disposed between the permanent magnets 33 and extending in the direction of the rotation shaft 31, and the ends of the pair of first conductors 40 are connected to each other. The pair of second conductors 41 are electrically connected. The permanent magnet 33 is surrounded by a conduction circuit 34 constituted by the first conductor 40 and the second conductor 41.

第１導体４０と第２導体４１は、例えば銅、アルミニウム、真鍮などの導体により形成され、表面は皮膜で覆われるなどの絶縁処理が施されていることが好ましい。図４では、角状の断面形状をした導体を用いた例を示しているが、これに限られることはなく、円状でも楕円状でも他の形状でもよい。   The first conductor 40 and the second conductor 41 are preferably formed of a conductor such as copper, aluminum, or brass, and are subjected to an insulation treatment such as the surface being covered with a film. FIG. 4 shows an example in which a conductor having a square cross-sectional shape is used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be circular, elliptical, or other shapes.

図５において、一対の第１導体４０の内側４５同士の間隔Ａは、電気角１８０°より大きく構成されている。永久磁石３３の周方向の幅Ｂは電気角１８０°よりも小さくなっているので、一対の第１導体４０の内側４５同士の間隔Ａは、永久磁石３３の周方向の幅Ｂよりも大きくなっている。このため、第１導体４０の内側４５は永久磁石３３に接していない。さらに、一対の第１導体４０の内側４５同士の間隔Ａは、周方向に連続する３つの永久磁石３３のうち中央に位置する永久磁石３３に注目するとき、この中央に位置する永久磁石３３の両側で隣り合う永久磁石３３の、中央に位置する永久磁石３３と対向する端面４６同士の間隔Ｃ以下に設定される。   In FIG. 5, the interval A between the inner sides 45 of the pair of first conductors 40 is configured to be larger than an electrical angle of 180 °. Since the circumferential width B of the permanent magnet 33 is smaller than an electrical angle of 180 °, the distance A between the inner sides 45 of the pair of first conductors 40 is larger than the circumferential width B of the permanent magnet 33. ing. For this reason, the inner side 45 of the first conductor 40 is not in contact with the permanent magnet 33. Further, the distance A between the inner sides 45 of the pair of first conductors 40 is such that when attention is paid to the permanent magnet 33 located in the center among the three permanent magnets 33 continuous in the circumferential direction, the distance between the permanent magnets 33 located in the center. It is set to be equal to or less than the interval C between the end faces 46 facing the permanent magnet 33 located at the center of the permanent magnets 33 adjacent on both sides.

以上のように、一対の第１導体４０の内側４５同士の間隔Ａを設定することにより、導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８が、隣り合う他の導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８と径方向で互いに重なり合う構成となっている。   As described above, by setting the distance A between the inner sides 45 of the pair of first conductors 40, a part 47 of the space 47 surrounded by the conduction circuit 34 is surrounded by another adjacent conduction circuit 34. It overlaps with the part 48 of each other in the radial direction.

導通回路３４の形成方法としては、例えば、１本の銅線を巻き付けた後、銅線の端部同士を接合する方法や、パイプ状の銅管を拡管成形する方法などがある。これらの方法では、歩留りが高く、容易に導通回路３４を形成することができる。また、パイプ状の銅管を拡管成形する方法では、端部の接合なしで導通回路３４を形成できる。   Examples of a method for forming the conduction circuit 34 include a method in which one copper wire is wound and then ends of the copper wires are joined to each other, and a pipe-shaped copper tube is expanded. In these methods, the yield is high and the conduction circuit 34 can be easily formed. In the method of expanding and forming a pipe-shaped copper tube, the conduction circuit 34 can be formed without joining the end portions.

次に、導通回路３４の配置について説明する。図３において、上述のように導通回路３４は、導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８が、隣り合う他の導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８と径方向で互いに重なり合うようにしてそれぞれの永久磁石３３の周囲に配置される。隣り合う導通回路３４において、導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８同士が互いに重なり合うために、回転子鉄心３２と接して配置される導通回路３４と、この導通回路３４よりも回転軸３１の中心５０との距離が大きい導通回路３４とが、周方向に関して交互に配置されている。即ち、径方向内側に位置する導通回路３４と径方向外側に位置する導通回路３４とが、周方向に関して交互に配置されている。   Next, the arrangement of the conduction circuit 34 will be described. In FIG. 3, as described above, the conduction circuit 34 is configured such that a portion 48 of the space 47 surrounded by the conduction circuit 34 overlaps with a portion 48 of the space 47 surrounded by another adjacent conduction circuit 34 in the radial direction. And arranged around each permanent magnet 33. In adjacent conducting circuits 34, the portions 48 of the space 47 surrounded by the conducting circuits 34 overlap each other, so that the conducting circuit 34 disposed in contact with the rotor core 32 and the rotating shaft 31 more than the conducting circuit 34. The conduction circuits 34 having a large distance from the center 50 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. In other words, the conduction circuits 34 located on the radially inner side and the conduction circuits 34 located on the radially outer side are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.

次に、永久磁石型回転電機１の回転子３０ａの回転角度の検出動作について説明する。上述のように、回転子３０ａの回転角度の検出には、突極性、即ち、回転子３０ａの回転角度による固定子巻線２５のインピーダンスの差異を利用している。   Next, the detection operation of the rotation angle of the rotor 30a of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 1 will be described. As described above, the detection of the rotation angle of the rotor 30a uses the saliency, that is, the impedance difference of the stator winding 25 depending on the rotation angle of the rotor 30a.

固定子巻線２５に、永久磁石型回転電機１の駆動電流よりも高い周波数の高周波電流を印加し、交流磁束を発生させる。交流磁束が導通回路３４に鎖交すると、導通回路３４に誘導電流が流れる。この誘導電流によって発生する磁束により、高周波電流によって発生する磁束が打ち消され、固定子巻線２５のインピーダンスが小さくなる。   A high frequency current having a frequency higher than the drive current of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 1 is applied to the stator winding 25 to generate an alternating magnetic flux. When the alternating magnetic flux is linked to the conduction circuit 34, an induced current flows through the conduction circuit 34. The magnetic flux generated by the induction current cancels out the magnetic flux generated by the high-frequency current, and the impedance of the stator winding 25 is reduced.

例えば、図３における、磁極方向と同じ向きであるｄ軸５１で交流磁束の振幅が最大になる場合は、導通回路３４に鎖交する磁束量は最大となり、固定子巻線２５のインピーダンス変化は最大となる。また、磁極方向と直交する向きであるｑ軸５２で交流磁束の振幅が最大になる場合は、導通回路３４に鎖交する磁束は互いに打ち消し合うため、誘導電流は流れず、固定子巻線２５のインピーダンスは変化しない。   For example, in FIG. 3, when the amplitude of the alternating magnetic flux is maximized on the d-axis 51 that is in the same direction as the magnetic pole direction, the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the conduction circuit 34 is maximized, and the impedance change of the stator winding 25 is Maximum. Further, when the amplitude of the AC magnetic flux is maximized on the q axis 52 that is orthogonal to the magnetic pole direction, the magnetic fluxes linked to the conduction circuit 34 cancel each other, so that no induced current flows and the stator winding 25 The impedance does not change.

このように、固定子巻線２５のインピーダンスの変化量は回転子３０ａの回転角度によって異なる。よって、固定子巻線２５に流れる電流を検出することにより、回転子３０ａの回転角度を検出することができる。   Thus, the amount of change in the impedance of the stator winding 25 varies depending on the rotation angle of the rotor 30a. Therefore, the rotation angle of the rotor 30a can be detected by detecting the current flowing through the stator winding 25.

印加する高周波電流の周波数としては、駆動電流の周波数の２倍以上が必要であるが、検出精度を上げるためには、より高い周波数の電流を印加することが好ましく、駆動電流の１０〜１５倍以上の周波数を用いることが好ましい。例えば、駆動電流が１２５Ｈｚ以下であるような回転電機の場合は、１ｋＨｚ以上、より好ましくは３ｋＨｚ以上の周波数が用いられる。   The frequency of the high-frequency current to be applied needs to be twice or more the frequency of the drive current, but in order to increase the detection accuracy, it is preferable to apply a current having a higher frequency, 10 to 15 times the drive current. It is preferable to use the above frequency. For example, in the case of a rotating electrical machine whose driving current is 125 Hz or less, a frequency of 1 kHz or more, more preferably 3 kHz or more is used.

この発明の実施の形態１では、導通回路３４の一対の第１導体４０の内側４５同士の間隔Ａが、永久磁石３３の周方向の幅Ｂよりも大きくなっているため、導通回路３４を永久磁石３３に接して配置した場合と比べて、導通回路３４に鎖交する磁束量が多くなる。このため、導通回路３４に流れる誘導電流が大きくなり、固定子巻線２５のインピーダンス変化が大きくなる、つまり、突極性が向上するという効果が得られる。   In the first embodiment of the present invention, since the distance A between the inner sides 45 of the pair of first conductors 40 of the conductive circuit 34 is larger than the circumferential width B of the permanent magnet 33, the conductive circuit 34 is made permanent. Compared with the case where it is disposed in contact with the magnet 33, the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the conduction circuit 34 is increased. For this reason, the induced current flowing through the conduction circuit 34 is increased, and the impedance change of the stator winding 25 is increased, that is, the saliency is improved.

さらに、一対の第１導体４０の内側４５同士の間隔を電気角１８０°より大きくすることにより、導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８が、隣り合う他の導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８と径方向で互いに重なり合うようにしたことによる効果について説明する。   Furthermore, by making the interval between the inner sides 45 of the pair of first conductors 40 greater than an electrical angle of 180 °, a part 48 of the space 47 surrounded by the conductive circuit 34 is surrounded by another adjacent conductive circuit 34. The effect of overlapping the portion 48 of 47 with each other in the radial direction will be described.

図６はこの発明の実施の形態１における固定子巻線２５に印加された高周波電流のリサージュ波形を示す図である。横軸はｄ軸電流、縦軸はｑ軸電流を示している。回転子３０ａの回転角度によって固定子巻線２５のインピーダンスが変化するため、ｄ軸電流とｑ軸電流に差異が生じ、リサージュ波形は楕円形状となる。突極性が高いほど、ｄ軸電流が大きく、即ち、リサージュ波形の長軸が長くなる。   FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a Lissajous waveform of the high-frequency current applied to the stator winding 25 in the first embodiment of the present invention. The horizontal axis indicates the d-axis current, and the vertical axis indicates the q-axis current. Since the impedance of the stator winding 25 changes depending on the rotation angle of the rotor 30a, a difference occurs between the d-axis current and the q-axis current, and the Lissajous waveform becomes elliptical. The higher the saliency, the larger the d-axis current, that is, the longer axis of the Lissajous waveform.

図６において実線で示した駆動電流を流さない無負荷時のリサージュ波形５５は、長軸が横軸、短軸が縦軸に一致する楕円となる。図６において破線で示した駆動電流を大きくした高負荷時は、固定子鉄心２１の磁気飽和の影響により、リサージュ波形５６の軸が傾き、さらに、無負荷時のリサージュ波形５５よりも長軸が短くなる。これは、駆動電流を大きくしたときに突極性が低下することを示している。   In the no-load Lissajous waveform 55 in which the drive current does not flow as shown by the solid line in FIG. 6, the major axis is an ellipse whose horizontal axis is the same as the minor axis. 6, the axis of the Lissajous waveform 56 is tilted due to the influence of magnetic saturation of the stator core 21 and the longer axis is longer than the Lissajous waveform 55 at no load. Shorter. This indicates that the saliency decreases when the drive current is increased.

図７はこの発明の実施の形態１における永久磁石型回転電機１の突極性の目安と駆動電流との関係を解析によって求めた図である。図７において、横軸は駆動電流の大きさを、縦軸は突極性の目安の大きさを示す。ただし、横軸の駆動電流の大きさは定格負荷時を１００％とし、縦軸の突極性の目安の大きさは駆動電流を流さない無負荷時の値で規格化している。ここで、突極性の目安とは、ｄ軸電流とｑ軸電流の比を示している。   FIG. 7 is a diagram obtained by analysis of the relationship between the guideline of the saliency of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 1 and the drive current according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis represents the magnitude of the drive current, and the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the saliency. However, the magnitude of the drive current on the horizontal axis is 100% at the rated load, and the standard magnitude of the saliency on the vertical axis is normalized by the value at no load when no drive current is passed. Here, the standard of saliency indicates the ratio of d-axis current to q-axis current.

図７において、この発明の実施の形態１における回転子３０ａを用いた場合、即ち、一対の第１導体４０の内側４５同士の間隔Ａを電気角１８０°より大きくすることにより、導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８が、隣り合う他の導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８と径方向で互いに重なり合うようにした場合の永久磁石型回転電機１の突極性の目安と駆動電流との関係６０を実線で示す。そして、導通回路３４を永久磁石３３に接して配置した場合、即ち、一対の第１導体４０の内側４５同士の間隔Ａと永久磁石３３の周方向の幅Ｂが等しい場合の従来の永久磁石型回転電機の突極性の目安と駆動電流との関係６１を破線で示す。   In FIG. 7, when the rotor 30a according to the first embodiment of the present invention is used, that is, by making the interval A between the inner sides 45 of the pair of first conductors 40 larger than an electrical angle of 180 °, the conduction circuit 34 A measure of saliency and driving of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 1 when the part 48 of the enclosed space 47 overlaps with the part 48 of the space 47 surrounded by another adjacent conduction circuit 34 in the radial direction. A relationship 60 with current is shown by a solid line. When the conduction circuit 34 is disposed in contact with the permanent magnet 33, that is, when the distance A between the inner sides 45 of the pair of first conductors 40 and the circumferential width B of the permanent magnet 33 are equal, the conventional permanent magnet type. A relation 61 between the guideline of the saliency of the rotating electrical machine and the drive current is indicated by a broken line.

図７を見て分かるように、この発明の実施の形態１における回転子３０ａを用いた場合と、導通回路３４を永久磁石３３に接して配置した場合と、ともに駆動電流が大きくなるに従って突極性の目安は小さくなっている。しかし、この発明の実施の形態１における回転子３０ａを用いた場合は突極性の目安の低下が従来のものより抑えられている。つまり、駆動電流を大きくしたときの突極性の低下を抑える効果がある。   As can be seen from FIG. 7, both the case of using the rotor 30a according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the case of arranging the conduction circuit 34 in contact with the permanent magnet 33, both saliency as the drive current increases. The standard of is getting smaller. However, when the rotor 30a in Embodiment 1 of this invention is used, the fall of the standard of saliency is suppressed compared with the conventional one. That is, there is an effect of suppressing a decrease in saliency when the drive current is increased.

この発明の実施の形態１では、以上のように、導通回路３４の一対の第１導体４０の内側４５同士の間隔Ａを、永久磁石３３の周方向の幅Ｂよりも大きくしたことにより、突極性が向上するという効果が得られる。さらに、一対の第１導体４０の内側４５同士の間隔Ａを電気角１８０°より大きくすることにより、導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８が、隣り合う他の導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８と径方向で互いに重なり合うようにしたことによって、駆動電流を大きくしたときの突極性の低下を抑える効果がある。これにより、回転子３０ａの回転角度の検出精度が向上するという効果がある。   In the first embodiment of the present invention, as described above, the distance A between the inner sides 45 of the pair of first conductors 40 of the conduction circuit 34 is made larger than the circumferential width B of the permanent magnet 33, so that The effect that the polarity is improved is obtained. Furthermore, by setting the interval A between the inner sides 45 of the pair of first conductors 40 to be larger than the electrical angle of 180 °, a part 48 of the space 47 surrounded by the conduction circuit 34 is surrounded by another neighboring conduction circuit 34. By overlapping the portion 48 of the space 47 with each other in the radial direction, there is an effect of suppressing a decrease in saliency when the drive current is increased. Thereby, there exists an effect that the detection precision of the rotation angle of the rotor 30a improves.

また、突極性が向上したため、固定子巻線２５に印加する高周波電流の振幅を小さくしても回転子３０ａの回転角度を検出できる。この高周波電流は、回転電機の振動や騒音の原因となるため、高周波電流の振幅を小さくすることにより、振動、騒音を小さく抑えることができる。   Further, since the saliency is improved, the rotation angle of the rotor 30a can be detected even if the amplitude of the high frequency current applied to the stator winding 25 is reduced. Since this high frequency current causes vibration and noise of the rotating electrical machine, vibration and noise can be suppressed small by reducing the amplitude of the high frequency current.

尚、この発明の実施の形態１では、導通回路３４は１回巻き付けただけの構成を示した。しかし、これに限られることはなく、複数ターン巻回し、両端を接合して形成してもよい。これにより、導通回路３４に流れる誘導電流が大きくなるため、突極性がさらに向上する効果が得られる。突極性がさらに向上することにより、回転子３０ａの回転角度の検出精度がさらに向上する。また、印加する高周波電流の振幅をさらに小さくしても回転角度を検出できるようになるため、振動、騒音をさらに低減できる。   In the first embodiment of the present invention, the conductive circuit 34 is configured to be wound only once. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it may be formed by winding a plurality of turns and joining both ends. As a result, the induced current flowing through the conduction circuit 34 is increased, so that the effect of further improving the saliency is obtained. By further improving the saliency, the detection accuracy of the rotation angle of the rotor 30a is further improved. Further, since the rotation angle can be detected even if the amplitude of the applied high-frequency current is further reduced, vibration and noise can be further reduced.

さらに、この発明の実施の形態１では、径方向内側に位置する導通回路３４を回転子鉄心３２と接して配置した。しかし、導通回路３４と回転子鉄心３２が接している必要はなく、導通回路３４と回転子鉄心３２との間に間隔があいていてもよい。   Furthermore, in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the conduction circuit 34 located radially inside is arranged in contact with the rotor core 32. However, the conduction circuit 34 and the rotor core 32 do not need to be in contact with each other, and an interval may be provided between the conduction circuit 34 and the rotor core 32.

加えて、この発明の実施の形態１では、径方向内側に位置する導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８と径方向外側に位置する導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８とが互いに重なり合うように配置した。しかし、重なり合っている必要はなく、間隔をあけて互いに対向している構成でもよい。   In addition, in the first embodiment of the present invention, a part 48 of the space 47 surrounded by the conduction circuit 34 located radially inside and a part 48 of the space 47 surrounded by the conduction circuit 34 located radially outside Arranged so as to overlap each other. However, it is not necessary to overlap, and the structure which mutually opposes at intervals may be sufficient.

また、この発明の実施の形態１では、表面配置型永久磁石回転子の例により説明した。しかし、埋め込み型永久磁石回転子に同様の導通回路３４を用いても、突極性を向上させる効果が得られる。この場合は、回転子鉄心３１に形成された永久磁石３３の埋め込み孔に導通回路３４を挿入する、あるいは、回転子鉄心３１の外表面に導通回路３４を配置する方法がある。両者では、回転子鉄心３１の外表面に導通回路３４を配置する場合の方が、より突極性を向上させることができる。   In the first embodiment of the present invention, the example of the surface-arranged permanent magnet rotor has been described. However, even if the same conduction circuit 34 is used for the embedded permanent magnet rotor, the effect of improving the saliency can be obtained. In this case, there is a method in which the conduction circuit 34 is inserted into the embedded hole of the permanent magnet 33 formed in the rotor core 31 or the conduction circuit 34 is disposed on the outer surface of the rotor core 31. In both cases, the saliency can be further improved when the conduction circuit 34 is arranged on the outer surface of the rotor core 31.

実施の形態２．
図８はこの発明の実施の形態２における回転子３０ｂを示す斜視図であり、図９はこの発明の実施の形態２における回転子３０ｂを示す平面図である。また、図１０はこの発明の実施の形態２における連続する３つの永久磁石３３および導通回路３４だけを取り出して示す平面図である。尚、図１０において、紙面の表方向が回転子３０ｂの外側、紙面の裏方向が回転子３０ｂの内側である。図８において図２と、図９において図３と、図１０において図５と同じ符号を付けたものは、同一または相当の構成を示しており、その説明を省略する。この発明の実施の形態１とは、導通回路３４の配置の仕方を変えた点が相違している。 Embodiment 2. FIG.
8 is a perspective view showing a rotor 30b according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the rotor 30b according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing only three continuous permanent magnets 33 and a conduction circuit 34 in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In FIG. 10, the front direction of the paper surface is the outer side of the rotor 30b, and the reverse direction of the paper surface is the inner side of the rotor 30b. 8, FIG. 3 in FIG. 9, and FIG. 10 with the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 5 indicate the same or equivalent components, and the description thereof is omitted. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the arrangement of the conduction circuit 34 is changed.

即ち、この発明の実施の形態２においては、一対の第１導体４０の一方６５と回転軸３１の中心５０との距離よりも、他方６６と回転軸３１の中心５０との距離の方が大きくなるように導通回路３４が構成されている。つまり、一対の第１導体４０の一方６５が径方向内側、他方６６が径方向外側となっている。このようにして、導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８が、隣り合う他の導通回路３４によって囲まれる空間４７の一部４８と径方向で互いに重なり合う構成となっている。   That is, in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, the distance between the other 66 and the center 50 of the rotating shaft 31 is greater than the distance between the one 65 of the pair of first conductors 40 and the center 50 of the rotating shaft 31. The conduction circuit 34 is configured so as to be. That is, one 65 of the pair of first conductors 40 is radially inward and the other 66 is radially outward. In this way, a portion 48 of the space 47 surrounded by the conduction circuit 34 is configured to overlap with a portion 48 of the space 47 surrounded by another adjacent conduction circuit 34 in the radial direction.

この実施の形態２では、以上のような構成としたことにより、全ての導通回路３４が同じ関係で配置されるので、導通回路３４に発生する誘導電流が全ての導通回路３４において均一にできる。このため、固定子巻線２５のインピーダンス変化のばらつきを低減できる効果がある。   In the second embodiment, since all the conduction circuits 34 are arranged in the same relationship by adopting the above configuration, the induced current generated in the conduction circuit 34 can be made uniform in all the conduction circuits 34. For this reason, there is an effect that variation in impedance change of the stator winding 25 can be reduced.

また、導通回路３４同士が互いに端部を押さえ合っているため、導通回路３４が飛散しにくいという効果も得られる。   In addition, since the conductive circuits 34 hold the ends of each other, the effect that the conductive circuits 34 are not easily scattered can be obtained.

以上、この発明の実施の形態１および２について説明した。これらの、この発明の実施の形態１および２で説明した構成は互いに組合せることができる。   The first and second embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These configurations described in the first and second embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

１ 永久磁石型回転電機
３０ａ、３０ｂ 回転子
３１ 回転軸
３２ 回転子鉄心
３３ 永久磁石
３４ 導通回路
４０ 第１導体
４１ 第２導体
４５ 第１導体の内側
４６ 永久磁石の端面
４７ 導通回路によって囲まれる空間
４８ 導通回路によって囲まれる空間の一部
５０ 回転軸の中心
６５ 一対の第１導体の一方
６６ 一対の第１導体の他方 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Permanent-magnet-type rotary electric machine 30a, 30b Rotor 31 Rotating shaft 32 Rotor core 33 Permanent magnet 34 Conduction circuit 40 1st conductor 41 2nd conductor 45 Inner side of 1st conductor 46 End surface of permanent magnet 47 Space enclosed by conduction circuit 48 Part of the space surrounded by the conduction circuit 50 Center of the rotation axis 65 One of the pair of first conductors 66 The other of the pair of first conductors

Claims (4)

回転軸と、
回転子鉄心と、
前記回転子鉄心に周方向に関して等間隔に配置された永久磁石と、
を備えた永久磁石型回転電機の回転子において、
前記永久磁石の間に配置され前記回転軸の方向に延在する一対の第１導体と、前記一対の第１導体間を電気的に接続する一対の第２導体とを有し、前記永久磁石をそれぞれ取り囲む導通回路を備え、
前記一対の第１導体の内側の間隔は、所定の永久磁石の周方向の幅より大きく、前記所定の永久磁石と隣り合う両側の他の永久磁石の前記所定の永久磁石に対向する端面同士の間隔以下であるとともに、一の前記導通回路によって囲まれる空間の一部が、隣り合う他の前記導通回路によって囲まれる空間の一部と径方向で互いに対向するように、前記導通回路が配置されたことを特徴とする永久磁石型回転電機の回転子。 A rotation axis;
The rotor core,
Permanent magnets arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the rotor core;
In the rotor of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine with
A pair of first conductors disposed between the permanent magnets and extending in the direction of the rotation axis; and a pair of second conductors electrically connecting the pair of first conductors, the permanent magnet Each with a conductive circuit surrounding each
The distance between the inner sides of the pair of first conductors is larger than the circumferential width of the predetermined permanent magnet, and the end surfaces of the other permanent magnets on both sides adjacent to the predetermined permanent magnet are opposed to the predetermined permanent magnet. The conduction circuit is arranged so that a part of the space surrounded by one of the conduction circuits is opposed to each other in a radial direction with a part of the space surrounded by the other conduction circuit adjacent to each other. A rotor of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine characterized by the above. 回転軸中心と所定の距離にある導通回路と、前記回転軸中心との距離が前記導通回路より大きい他の導通回路とが、周方向に関して交互に配置されたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の永久磁石型回転電機の回転子。 Rotation center and a conductive circuit at a predetermined distance, said other conducting circuits distance is greater than said conduction circuit of the rotation shaft center, it is arranged alternately in the circumferential direction in claim 1, wherein The rotor of the described permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine. 一対の第１導体の一方と回転軸中心との距離よりも、他方と前記回転軸中心との距離の方が大きくなるように導通回路が構成され、他方の前記第１導体は、前記導通回路と隣り合う他の導通回路の一方の前記第１導体側に配置されたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の永久磁石型回転電機の回転子。 The conduction circuit is configured such that the distance between the other and the rotation axis center is larger than the distance between one of the pair of first conductors and the rotation axis center, and the other first conductor is connected to the conduction circuit. The rotor of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is disposed on one of the first conductor sides of another conductive circuit adjacent to the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine. 導通回路は、１つにつき複数ターン巻回されたことを特徴とする請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の永久磁石型回転電機の回転子。 The rotor of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the conduction circuit is wound a plurality of turns per one.
JP2009150943A 2009-06-25 2009-06-25 Permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine rotor Expired - Fee Related JP5394834B2 (en)

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