JP5394601B2 - スペーサが提供された電気泳動媒体 - Google Patents
スペーサが提供された電気泳動媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/16757—Microcapsules
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1679—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
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Description
次の手順は、本発明の電気泳動ディスプレイに使用されるゼラチン/アカシア(gelatin/acacia)マイクロカプセル化を説明する。
1Lフラスコに0.5gのオイル ブルー N(Aldrich,Milwaukee,WI)、0.5gのスーダン レッド 7B(Aldrich)、417.25gの水素化炭化水素オイル0.8(Halogenated hydrocarbon Products Corp.,River Edge,NJ)、73.67gのIsopar−G(登録商標)(Exxon,Houston,TX)を加える。混合物を、6時間の間、60°Cで攪拌し、次いで室温まで冷却される。結果として生じる溶液50.13gは、50mLのポリプロピレン遠心機管で配置される。その溶液に水素化炭化水素オイル0.8中の、1.8gの二酸化チタン(TiO2)(du Pont),0.78gのOLOA 1200の10%溶液(Chevron,Somerset,NJ)、および0.15gのSpan 85(Aldrich)を加える。次いで、この混合物は、30°Cで、Aquasonic Model 75Dソニケーター(VWR、Westhester,PA)において、パワー9で、5分間、超音波処理を行う。
アカシア(Aldrich)の10.0gを、100.0gの水に、30分の間、室温で攪拌して溶解する。結果として生じる混合物は、2つの50mLポリプロピレン遠心機管にデカンテーションされ、10分間、約2000rpmで遠心分離し、不溶性物質を取り除く。次いで、66gの精製された溶液が500mLの非バッフルジャケットリアクタ(non−baffled jacketed reactor)にデカンテーションされ、次いでその溶液を40℃まで加熱する。次いで、6枚羽根(垂直なジオメトリ)パドル(six−blade(vertical geometry)paddle)攪拌機を、液体表面のまさに下に配置する。200rpmで溶液を攪拌する間に、ゼラチン(300ブルーム(bloom)、TypeA、Aldrich)の6gを、約20秒間にわたって注意深く加え、それにより塊(lump)を避けるために。次いで、攪拌が50rpmまで減少し、発泡化を減らす。次いで、結果として生じる溶液を30秒間で攪拌する。
200rpmで攪拌し、上述されたように調製されたオイル相を、約15秒間にわたってゆっくりと、上述されたように調製された水相に注入される。結果として生じるオイル/水の乳濁液は、20分間、乳化され得る。この乳濁液に、約20秒間にわたってゆっくりと、予め40℃に加熱された水200gを加える。次いで、pHは、10%の酢酸溶液(Aldrichからの酢酸)により5分間にわたって4.4に減少される。pHを、pH7.0およびpH4.0緩衝溶液で前もって較正されたpHメーターを用いてモニタリングする。結果として生じる混合物は、40分間、攪拌される。次いで、予め40℃に加熱された水150gを加え、次いで、リアクタの内容物が10℃まで冷却される。溶液の温度が10℃に達すると、37%のホルマリン溶液(Aldrich)3.0mLを加え、溶液は、さらに60分間、攪拌される。カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(NaCMC)20gを加え、次いで、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)溶液20wt.%を加えることによって、pHが、10.0にまで上がる。次いで、サーモスタットバスが40℃に設定され、さらに70分の間、攪拌され得る。スラリーは、室温まで冷却され得、一昼夜、攪拌される。次いで、結果として生じるカプセルスラリーは、すぐにふるいにかけられる。
上記のカプセルスラリーから本発明の電気泳動ディスプレイを作製するのに適切と考えられる2つの手順が以下で説明される。
上記から結果として生じるカプセルスラリーは、10個のカプセルに対して1個の結合剤の割合で、水性ウレタン結合剤NeoRez R−9320(Zeneca Resins,Wilmington,MA)を混合する。スペーサを提供するために、100μmガラス球もまた、10,000カプセルに対して1スペーサの割合でスラリー結合剤混合物に混合する。次いで、結果として生じる混合物を、インジウム−錫酸化物がスパッタリングされたポリエルテル膜の約100〜125μmの厚いシートに、ドクター・ブレードを用いてコーティングする。ドクター・ブレードのブレードギャップを、カプセルの1つの層を置くように0.18mmに制御する。次いで、コーティング膜を、30分間、温風(60℃)で乾燥する。乾燥後、乾燥した膜は、Cheminstruments,Fairfield,OHからのホットロール薄膜において、15psiの圧力で厚い銀の膜および誘電体インクを印刷されたポリエルテルスクリーンの100〜125μmの厚さのシートを含む背面(backplane)に、60℃で積層される。背面を、非等方性テープを用いて膜に接続される。伝導領域は、結果として作製されるディスプレイのアドレス可能なエリアを形成する。
上記の結果として生じるカプセルスラリーは、5個のカプセルに対する1個のNeoRez R−966に対する1個のAirvol203溶液の割合で、NeoRez R−966(Zeneca Resins)およびAirvol203(ポリ(ビニルアルコール))の20%溶液の混合物を含む水性結合剤と混合される。スペーサを提供するために、また100μmガラス球を、10,000カプセルに対して1スペーサの割合で、スラリー結合剤混合物に混合する。次いで、結果として生じる混合物は、インジウム−錫酸化物をスパッタリングしたポリエルテル膜の約100〜125μmの厚さのシートに、ドクター・ブレードを用いてコーティングされる。ドクターブレードのブレードギャップを、カプセルの1つの層を置くように0.18mmに制御する。次いで、コーティング膜を、温風(60℃)で、30分間、乾燥する。次いで、乾燥後、厚い膜の銀インクは、乾燥した膜の背面に直接、印刷され、60℃で硬化される。伝導エリアは、ディスプレイのアドレス可能エリアを形成する。
次は、インサイチュ重合によるマイクロカプセルの調製例である。
次は、界面重合によるマイクロカプセルの作成例である。
Claims (16)
- 複数のカプセル(112)の層を含むカプセル化電気泳動媒体であって、該複数のカプセル(112)の層における各カプセルは、液体(114)と、該液体(114)内に配置された少なくとも1つの粒子(116)とを含み、該少なくとも1つの粒子(116)は、該媒体に電界を加えることによって該液体(114)を通って移動可能であり、該複数のカプセルの層は、薄膜の形態を有し、該薄膜は、該薄膜の長さおよび幅の両方よりも小さい厚みを有し、該媒体は、該複数のカプセル(112)の間に分散された複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)によって特徴付けられ、該複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)は、該複数のカプセルとは異なり、該薄膜の厚みに平行な該複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)の寸法は、該薄膜の厚みの0.9〜1.0倍であり、該複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)は、該カプセル化電気泳動媒体に加えられる圧力から該複数のカプセルを保護するように配置され、かつ、十分に硬い、媒体。
- 前記複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)のうちの少なくとも1つは、実質的に球形またはロッドの形態を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の媒体。
- 前記複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)のそれぞれが、ガラスおよび/または高分子材料から形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の媒体。
- 前記複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)が、実質的に透明材料から形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の媒体。
- 前記複数のカプセル(112)の数に対する前記複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)の数の割合が、1:100〜1:1,000,000の範囲内であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の媒体。
- 前記複数のカプセル(112)の数に対する前記複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)の数の割合が、1:1,000〜1:1,000,000の範囲内であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の媒体。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のカプセル化電気泳動媒体を含む電気泳動ディスプレイ(100;200;300)であって、該カプセル化電気泳動媒体は、該電気泳動媒体の両側に配置される第1の電極(104)および第2の電極(110)と組み合わせられ、該第1の電極(104)および該第2の電極(110)のうちの少なくとも一方が光透過性である、電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 第1の基板(102)および第2の基板(108)が、前記電気泳動媒体の両側に配置され、該第1の基板(102)および該第2の基板(108)が、それぞれ、前記第1の電極(104)および前記第2の電極(110)に固定されていることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 前記第1の電極(104)および前記第2の電極(110)ならびに前記第1の基板(102)および前記第2の基板(108)が全てフレキシブルであることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 前記電気泳動媒体の前記第1の電極(104)および前記第2の電極(110)のうちの一方の両側に配置されたタッチ感知手段によって特徴付けられる、請求項7〜9のいずれかに記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 前記複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記第1の電極(104)および前記第2の電極(110)のうちの一方、または、前記第1の基板(102)および前記第2の基板(108)のうちの一方に固定されている、または、一体化されていることを特徴とする、請求項7〜10に記載のいずれかに記載の電気泳動ディスプレイ。
- 基板上に電気泳動ディスプレイ(100,200,300)を形成する方法であって、該方法は、該基板に隣接して、複数のカプセル(112)の層を含むカプセル化電気泳動媒体を提供することを含み、該複数のカプセル(112)の層における各カプセルは、液体(114)と、該液体(114)内に配置された少なくとも1つの粒子(116)とを含み、該少なくとも1つの粒子(116)は、該媒体に電界を加えることによって該液体(114)を通って移動可能であり、該複数のカプセルの層は、薄膜の形態を有し、該薄膜は、該薄膜の長さおよび幅の両方よりも小さい厚みを有し、該方法は、該複数のカプセル(112)の間に複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)を組み込むことによって特徴付けられ、該複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)は、該複数のカプセルとは異なり、該薄膜の厚みに平行な該複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)の寸法は、該薄膜の厚みの0.9〜1.0倍であり、該複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)は、該カプセル化電気泳動媒体に加えられる圧力から該複数のカプセルを保護するように配置され、かつ、十分に硬い、方法。
- 前記複数のカプセル(112)および前記複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)の混合物が結合剤で形成され、この混合物が前記基板の表面にコーティングされることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 結合剤を伴う前記複数のカプセル(112)の混合物が前記基板の表面にコーティングされ、前記複数のスペーサ(118;218;318)が該複数のカプセル(112)の間に分散されることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記2つの基板(102,108)が前記複数のカプセル(112)の層の両側にあるように、該複数のカプセル(112)の層に第2の基板を積層することによって特徴付けられる、請求項12〜14のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記基板、または、前記基板のうちの少なくとも1つが導電コーティング(104,110)を有することを特徴とする、請求項12〜15のいずれかに記載の方法。
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US14200399P | 1999-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | |
US60/142,003 | 1999-07-01 | ||
PCT/US2000/017944 WO2001002899A2 (en) | 1999-07-01 | 2000-06-29 | Electrophoretic medium provided with spacers |
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JP2012266929A Pending JP2013054387A (ja) | 1999-07-01 | 2012-12-06 | スペーサが提供された電気泳動媒体 |
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US (1) | US6392786B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1192504B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5394601B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE502320T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU5779200A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60045738D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001002899A2 (ja) |
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US7259744B2 (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 2007-08-21 | E Ink Corporation | Dielectrophoretic displays |
US7583251B2 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2009-09-01 | E Ink Corporation | Dielectrophoretic displays |
US7193625B2 (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2007-03-20 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for driving electro-optic displays, and apparatus for use therein |
US6866760B2 (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2005-03-15 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic medium and process for the production thereof |
US7848006B2 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2010-12-07 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic displays with controlled amounts of pigment |
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US7079305B2 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2006-07-18 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic medium and process for the production thereof |
US7999787B2 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2011-08-16 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for driving electrophoretic displays using dielectrophoretic forces |
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-
2000
- 2000-06-29 US US09/606,070 patent/US6392786B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-29 WO PCT/US2000/017944 patent/WO2001002899A2/en active Application Filing
- 2000-06-29 AU AU57792/00A patent/AU5779200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-29 AT AT00943302T patent/ATE502320T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-29 EP EP00943302A patent/EP1192504B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-29 DE DE60045738T patent/DE60045738D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-29 JP JP2001508641A patent/JP5394601B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2012
- 2012-12-06 JP JP2012266929A patent/JP2013054387A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2013054387A (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
WO2001002899A3 (en) | 2001-05-25 |
JP2003504666A (ja) | 2003-02-04 |
ATE502320T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
EP1192504A2 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
DE60045738D1 (de) | 2011-04-28 |
US6392786B1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
AU5779200A (en) | 2001-01-22 |
WO2001002899A2 (en) | 2001-01-11 |
EP1192504B1 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
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