TWI728631B - 電光顯示器 - Google Patents

電光顯示器 Download PDF

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TWI728631B
TWI728631B TW108148234A TW108148234A TWI728631B TW I728631 B TWI728631 B TW I728631B TW 108148234 A TW108148234 A TW 108148234A TW 108148234 A TW108148234 A TW 108148234A TW I728631 B TWI728631 B TW I728631B
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display
pixels
pixel
com
line
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TW202032524A (zh
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何志祥
毅 盧
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美商電子墨水股份有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G09G3/344Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675Constructional details
    • G02F1/1676Electrodes
    • G02F1/16766Electrodes for active matrices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1685Operation of cells; Circuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/136213Storage capacitors associated with the pixel electrode
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0421Structural details of the set of electrodes
    • G09G2300/0426Layout of electrodes and connections
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0219Reducing feedthrough effects in active matrix panels, i.e. voltage changes on the scan electrode influencing the pixel voltage due to capacitive coupling

Abstract

一種具有至少一列顯示像素之電光顯示器,該顯示器包括該至少一列顯示像素中之一第一顯示像素,該第一顯示像素耦接至一第一偏壓線;以及該至少一列顯示像素中之一第二顯示像素,該第二顯示像素耦接至一第二偏壓線,其中該第二偏壓線與該第一偏壓線不同。

Description

電光顯示器 [相關申請案之參考資料]
本申請案係有關於2018年12月28日所提出之美國臨時申請案第62/785,875號。
在此以參照方式將前述申請案的整個揭露內容併入本文中。
本發明係有關於電光顯示裝置,更具體地,有關於包括薄膜電晶體陣列之顯示背板。
粒子系的電泳顯示器數年來一直是密集研究及開發的主題。在這樣的顯示器中,複數個帶電粒子(有時稱為顏料粒子)在電場的影響下在流體中移動。電場通常由導電膜或電晶體(例如,場效應電晶體)提供。當與液晶顯示器相比,電泳顯示器具有良好的亮度及對比、寬視角、狀態雙穩定性以及低功消耗。然而,這樣的電泳顯示器具有比LCD顯示器慢的切換速度,並且電泳顯示器通常太慢而無法顯示即時視訊。此外,電泳顯示器在低溫下可能是緩慢的,因為流體的黏度限制電泳粒子的運動。儘管存在這些缺點,但是仍可以在日常產品,例如,電子書(電子閱讀器)、手機及手機保護套、智慧卡、標牌、手錶、貨架標籤及快閃驅動器中找到電泳顯示器。
許多商用電泳介質實際上僅顯示兩種顏色,並且在黑色與白色極端之間具有梯度,稱為「灰階」。這樣的電泳介質在具有第二不同顏色的有色流體中使用具有第一顏色的單一類型的電泳粒子(在這種情況下,當粒子位於顯示器的觀看表面附近時,顯示第一顏色,而當粒子與觀看表面間隔開時,顯示第二顏色),或者在無色流體中使用具有不同的第一及第二顏色之第一及第二類型的電泳粒子。在後者情況下,當第一類型的粒子位於顯示器的觀看表面附近時,顯示第一顏色,而當第二類型的粒子位於觀看表面附近時,顯示第二顏色。通常,兩種顏色是黑色及白色。
雖然看似簡單,但是電泳介質及電泳裝置顯示複雜的行為。例如,已經發現顯示硬體(例如,電路)的某些組件可能產生不需要的電容效應,這導致不期望的光缺陷。因此,需要最佳化顯示器的硬體組態,以改善影像品質。
本發明提供一種具有至少一列顯示像素之電光顯示器,其中該至少一列顯示像素中之一第一顯示像素,該第一顯示像素耦接至一第一偏壓線;及該至少一列顯示像素中之一第二顯示像素,該第二顯示像素耦接至一第二偏壓線,其中該第二偏壓線與該第一偏壓線不同。
較佳的是,本案之電光顯示器進一步包括一第三顯示像素,其耦接至一第三偏壓線,其中該第三偏壓線不同於該第一偏壓線及該第二偏壓線。
100:顯示像素
102:TFT
104:掃描線
106:Vcom
108:資料線
110:儲存電容器
200:顯示像素
202:信號選擇閘極線
204:像素電極
206:資料線
208:電晶體
210:Vcom
214:電極
216:閘極
302:掃描電壓
304:Vcom電壓
400:背板電路
402:像素
404:像素
406:VCOM
408:VCOM
410:儲存電容器
412:儲存電容器
CST:儲存電容器
圖1說明依據本文所揭露之標的物的背板電路;圖2說明依據本文所揭露之標的物的顯示像素之俯視圖;圖3A說明依據本文所揭露之標的物的顯示像素之等效電路的一個具體例;圖3B說明依據本文所呈現之標的物的示例驅動方法;以及圖4說明依據本文所呈現之標的物的背板電路。
如上所述,本文所呈現之標的物提供用於減少電容耦合及改善電光顯示性能之方法及手段。
應用於材料或顯示器的術語「電光」在本文中以其成像技藝的傳統含義用於提及具有在至少一光學性質上不同的第一與第二顯示狀態之材料,所述材料係藉由對材料施加電場而從第一顯示狀態變為第二顯示狀態。雖然光學性質通常是人眼可感知的顏色,但是它可以是另一種光學性質,例如,光透射、反射、發光或者在意欲用於機器讀取的顯示器之情況下,在可見光範圍之外的電磁波長之反射率變化的意義上之偽色。
術語「灰色狀態」在本文中以其成像技藝中之傳統含義用於提及在像素之兩個極端光學狀態間的狀態,且沒有必定暗示這兩個極端狀態間之黑白轉移(black-white transition)。例如,下面提及的數個E Ink專利及公開申請案描述電泳顯示器,其中極端狀態為白色及深藍色,以致於中間「灰色狀態」實際上是淺藍色。更確切地,如所述,光學狀態之變化可能根本不是顏色變化。術語「黑色」及「白色」在下面可以用以意指顯示器之兩個極端光學狀態,以及應該理解為通常包括完全不是黑色及白 色之極端光學狀態,例如,前述白色及深藍色狀態。術語「單色(monochrome)」在下面可以用以表示只將像素驅動至不具有中間灰色狀態之它們的兩個極端光學狀態之驅動方法。
術語「雙穩態(bistable)」及「雙穩性(bistability)」在本文中以該項技藝中之傳統含義用以提及顯示器包括具有在至少一光學性質方面係不同的第一及第二顯示狀態之顯示元件,以及以便在以有限持續時間之定址脈波驅動任何一給定元件後,呈現其第一或第二顯示狀態,以及在定址脈波終止後,那個狀態將持續至少數次,例如至少4次;定址脈波需要最短持續時間來改變顯示元件之狀態。公開的美國專利申請案第2002/0180687號(亦參見相對應的國際申請案公開第WO 02/079869號)顯示一些具有灰階能力之粒子系的電泳顯示器不僅在其極端黑色及白色狀態中,而且在其中間灰色狀態中係穩定的,並且一些其它類型的電光顯示器亦同樣是如此。這種類型的顯示器可適當地稱為多穩態(multi-stable)而不是雙穩態,但是為了方便起見,術語「雙穩態」在此可以用以涵蓋雙穩態及多穩態顯示器。
術語「脈衝(impulse)」在本文中以電壓相對於時間的積分之傳統含義來使用。然而,一些雙穩態電光介質充當電荷轉換器(charge transducer),以及對於這樣的介質,可以使用脈衝之另一種定義,亦即,電流相對於時間之積分(它等於所施加之總電荷量)。應該根據介質充當電壓-時間脈衝轉換器或電荷脈衝轉換器,使用脈衝之適當定義。
讓渡給Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)及E Ink Corporation或在它們的名義下之許多專利及申請案已在最近公開,它們描述膠囊型電泳介質。這樣的膠囊型介 質包括許多小膠囊,每個膠囊本身包括一包含在一流體懸浮介質中懸浮之電泳移動粒子的內相(internal phase)及一包圍該內相之膠囊壁。通常,該等膠囊本身係保持在一高分子黏合劑中,以形成一位於兩個電極間之黏著層(coherent layer)。在這些專利及申請案中所述之技術包括:(a)電泳粒子、流體及流體添加劑;參見例如,美國專利第7,002,728及7,679,814號;(b)膠囊、黏合劑及膠囊化製程;參見例如,美國專利第6,922,276及7,411,719號;(c)微單元結構、壁材及形成微單元之方法;參見例如,美國專利第7,072,095及9,279,906號;(d)用於填充及密封微單元之方法;參見例如,美國專利第7,144,942及7,715,088號;(e)包含電光材料之薄膜及次總成(sub-assemblies);參見例如美國專利第6,982,178及7,839,564號;在顯示器中所使用之背板、黏著層及其它輔助層以及方法;參見例如,美國專利第D485,294;6,124,851;6,130,773;6,177,921;6,232,950;6,252,564;6,312,304;6,312,971;6,376,828;6,392,786;6,413,790;6,422,687;6,445,374;6,480,182;6,498,114;6,506,438;6,518,949;6,521,489;6,535,197;6,545,291;6,639,578;6,657,772;6,664,944;6,680,725;6,683,333;6,724,519;6,750,473;6,816,147;6,819,471;6,825,068;6,831,769;6,842,167;6,842,279;6,842,657;6,865,010;6,873,452;6,909,532;6,967,640;6,980,196;7,012,735;7,030,412;7,075,703;7,106,296; 7,110,163;7,116,318;7,148,128;7,167,155;7,173,752;7,176,880;7,190,008;7,206,119;7,223,672;7,230,751;7,256,766;7,259,744;7,280,094;7,301,693;7,304,780;7,327,511;7,347,957;7,349,148;7,352,353;7,365,394;7,365,733;7,382,363;7,388,572;7,401,758;7,442,587;7,492,497;7,535,624;7,551,346;7,554,712;7,583,427;7,598,173;7,605,799;7,636,191;7,649,674;7,667,886;7,672,040;7,688,497;7,733,335;7,785,988;7,830,592;7,843,626;7,859,637;7,880,958;7,893,435;7,898,717;7,905,977;7,957,053;7,986,450;8,009,344;8,027,081;8,049,947;8,072,675;8,077,141;8,089,453;8,120,836;8,159,636;8,208,193;8,237,892;8,238,021;8,362,488;8,373,211;8,389,381;8,395,836;8,437,069;8,441,414;8,456,589;8,498,042;8,514,168;8,547,628;8,576,162;8,610,988;8,714,780;8,728,266;8,743,077;8,754,859;8,797,258;8,797,633;8,797,636;8,830,560;8,891,155;8,969,886;9,147,364;9,025,234;9,025,238;9,030,374;9,140,952;9,152,003;9,152,004;9,201,279;9,223,164;9,285,648及9,310,661號;以及美國專利申請案公開第2002/0060321;2004/0008179;2004/0085619;2004/0105036;2004/0112525;2005/0122306;2005/0122563;2006/0215106;2006/0255322;2007/0052757;2007/0097489;2007/0109219;2008/0061300;2008/0149271;2009/0122389;2009/0315044;2010/0177396;2011/0140744; 2011/0187683;2011/0187689;2011/0292319;2013/0250397;2013/0278900;2014/0078024;2014/0139501;2014/0192000;2014/0210701;2014/0300837;2014/0368753;2014/0376164;2015/0171112;2015/0205178;2015/0226986;2015/0227018;2015/0228666;2015/0261057;2015/0356927;2015/0378235;2016/077375;2016/0103380及2016/0187759號;以及國際申請案公開第WO 00/38000號;歐洲專利第1,099,207 B1及1,145,072 B1號;(g)顏色形成及顏色調整;參見例如美國專利第7,075,502及7,839,564號;(h)用於驅動顯示器之方法;參見例如美國專利第7,012,600及7,453,445號;(i)顯示器之應用;參見例如美國專利第7,312,784及8,009,348號;(j)非電泳顯示器,其如美國專利第6,241,921以及美國專利申請案公開第2015/0277160號以及美國專利申請案公開第2015/0005720及2016/0012710號所述。
在此以參照方式將上述所有專利及專利申請案的全部併入本文。
許多上述專利及申請案認識到在膠囊型電泳介質中包圍離散微膠囊的壁可以由連續相來取代,從而產生所謂的聚合物分散型電泳顯示器,其中電泳介質包括複數個離散小滴的電泳流體及聚合材料的連續相,並且即使沒有離散的膠囊膜與每個個別小滴相關聯,在這樣的聚合物分散型電泳顯示器內之離散小滴 的電泳流體可以被視為膠囊或微膠囊;參見例如前述2002/0131147。於是,基於本申請案的目的,這樣的聚合物分散型電泳介質被視為膠囊型電泳介質的亞種。
一種膠囊型電泳顯示器通常沒有遭遇傳統電泳裝置之群集(clustering)及沉降(settling)故障模式且提供另外的優點,例如,將顯示器印刷或塗佈在各式各樣撓性及剛性基板上之能力。(文字「印刷」之使用意欲包括所有形式之印刷及塗佈,其包括但不侷限於:預計量式塗佈(pre-metered coatings)(例如:方塊擠壓式塗佈(patch die coating)、狹縫型或擠壓型塗佈(slot or extrusion coating)、斜板式或級聯式塗佈(slide or cascade coating)及淋幕式塗佈(curtain coating));滾筒式塗佈(roll coating)(例如:輥襯刮刀塗佈(knife over roll coating及正反滾筒式塗佈(forward and reverse roll coating));凹版塗佈(gravure coating);浸塗佈(dip coating);噴灑式塗佈(spray coating);彎月形塗佈(meniscus coating);旋轉塗佈(spin coating);手刷塗佈(brush coating);氣刀塗佈(air-knife coating);絲網印刷製程(silk screen printing processes);靜電印刷製程(electrostatic printing processes);熱印刷製程造(thermal printing processes);噴墨印刷製程(inkjet printing processes);以及其它相似技術)。因此,結果的顯示器可以是可撓性的。再者,因為可(使用各種方法)印刷顯示介質,所以可便宜地製造顯示器本身。
一種相關類型之電泳顯示器係所謂的「微單元電泳顯示器」。在微單元電泳顯示器中,沒有將帶電粒子及懸浮流體裝入微膠囊中,而是將其保持在載體介質(carrier medium)(通常,聚合膜)內所形成之複數個空腔(cavities)中。參見例如,國際申 請案公開第WO 02/01281號及公開的美國申請案第2002/0075556號,這兩個申請案被讓渡給Sipix Imaging Inc.。
前述類型的電光顯示器係雙穩態的且通常使用在反射模式中,但是如前述某些專利及申請案所述,這樣的顯示器可以在「光柵模式(shutter mode)」中操作,其中電光介質為用於調整光的透射,以致於顯示器在透射模式中操作。液晶包括聚合物分散型液晶,當然亦是電光介質,但是通常不是雙穩態的且在透射模式中操作。下面所述之本發明的某些實施例限用於反射型顯示器,而其它實施例可以用於反射型及透射型顯示器,其包括傳統的液晶顯示器。
不論顯示器是反射型還是透射型,以及不論所使用的電光介質是否是雙穩態的,為了獲得高解析度顯示器,顯示器的個別像素必須是可定址的且不受相鄰像素的干擾。實現此目的的一種方法是提供一種非線性元件(例如,電晶體或二極體)陣列,並且至少一個非線性元件與每個像素相關聯,以產生一種「主動矩陣」顯示器。一個定址或像素電極對一個像素進行定址,並且經由相關非線性元件連接至一個適當電壓源。通常,當非線性元件係電晶體時,像素電極連接至電晶體的汲極,並且在下面的描述中將採用這種配置,但是實質上是任意的,像素電極可以連接至電晶體的源極。傳統上,在高解析度陣列中,像素以列與行的二維陣列來排列,以致於任何一個特定像素由一個指定列及一個指定行的交點來唯一限定。每行中之所有電晶體的源極連接至單行電極,而每列中之所有電晶體的閘極連接至單列電極;再者,將源極分配給列及將閘極分配給行是慣例的,但是實質上係任意 的,並且如果需要的話,可以顛倒。列電極連接至一個列驅動器,所述列驅動器實質上確保在任何給定時刻僅選擇一列,亦即,向被選列電極施加電壓,以確保被選列中之所有電晶體處於導通狀態,同時向所有其它列施加電壓,以確保這些未被選列中之所有電晶體保持不導通。行電極連接至行驅動器,行驅動器將選擇的電壓施加在各個行電極上,以驅動被選列中之像素至它們的期望光學狀態。(上述電壓係相對於一個共同前電極,所述共同前電極傳統上設置在電光介質與非線性陣列相對的一側,並且延伸遍及整個顯示器。)在稱為「行位址時間」的預選間隔之後,取消對被選列的選擇,選擇下一列,並且將行驅動器上的電壓更改為寫入顯示器的下一行。重複此過程,從而以逐列的方式寫入整個顯示器。
已充分地建立用於製造主動矩陣顯示器的製程。例如可以使用各種沉積及微影技術來製造薄膜電晶體。電晶體包括閘極電極、絕緣介電層、半導體層以及源極及汲極電極。對閘極電極施加電壓,以提供電場穿越介電層,這顯著地增加半導體層的源極-汲極導電率。這種變化允許源極與汲極電極之間的電傳導。通常,圖案化閘極電極、源極及汲極電極。一般來說,亦圖案化半導體層,以便最小化相鄰電路元件之間的雜散傳導(亦即,串擾)。
液晶顯示器通常使用非晶矽(「a-Si」)薄膜電晶體(「TFT」)作為顯示像素的切換裝置。這樣的TFT通常具有底閘極構造。在一個像素內,薄膜電容器通常保持由切換TFT傳輸的電荷。電泳顯示器可以使用具有電容器之類似TFT,但是電容器的功能與液晶顯示器中之那些電容器的功能略有不同;參見前述 審查中申請案序號第09/565,413號以及公開第2002/0106847及2002/0060321號。可以製造薄膜電晶體,以提供高性能。然而,製造程序可能導致顯著的成本。
在TFT定址陣列中,像素電極在行位址時間期間經由TFT來充電。在行位址時間期間,藉由改變施加的閘極電壓,將TFT切換至導通狀態。例如,對於n型TFT,閘極電壓被切換至「高」狀態,以將TFT切換至導通狀態。
再者,諸如電壓移位之不良影響可能由在向顯示像素提供驅動波形的資料線與像素電極之間發生的串擾所引起。與上述的電壓移位相似,即使當顯示像素沒有被定址(例如,相關的像素TFT處於空乏中)時,資料線與像素電極之間的串擾可能由兩者之間的電容耦合所引起。這樣的串擾會導致不期望的電壓移位,因為這可能造成諸如影像條紋(image streaking)的光學偽影(optical artifacts)。
在某些情況下,電泳顯示器或EPD可以包括兩個基板(例如,塑料或玻璃),其中前平面層壓板或FPL位於兩個基板之間。在一些實施例中,上基板的底部可以塗佈有透明導電材料,以充當導電電極(亦即,Vcom平面)。下基板的頂部可以包括電極元件的陣列(例如,用於每個顯示像素之導電電極)。半導體開關(例如,薄膜電晶體或TFT)可以與這些像素電極中之每一者相關聯。向像素電極及Vcom平面施加偏壓可能會導致FPL的電光轉換。這種光學轉換可以用作在EPD上顯示文字或圖形資訊的基礎。為了顯示期望的影像,需要向每個顯示像素(例如,顯示像素100)的像素電極施加適當的電壓。在一些實施例中,顯示器可以包括多列顯示像素,其中每一列可以包括與顯示像素100相似之 複數個顯示像素。被用作為一個實例來說明本文所揭露之標的物的工作原理,顯示像素100在本文中用作示例性像素單元的圖示。現在回到圖1,為了實現上述的光學轉換,與顯示像素100相關聯的TFT 102可以設置有閘極線信號、資料線信號、Vcom線信號及儲存電容器。在一個實施例中,如圖1所示,每個TFT 102的閘極可以電耦接至掃描線104,並且電晶體的源極或汲極可以連接至資料線108,並且其中儲存電容器110之一端可以連接至Vcom線106,而另一端連接至像素電極。在一些實施例中,在上基板的底部(bottom portion)上之Vcom及在下基板(bottom substrate)的頂部上之Vcom線柵極可以連接到相同的DC電源。
[EPD操作及串擾]
在操作中,將驅動信號(例如,電壓脈波)施加至每條資料線,以便更新顯示像素。為了選擇要更新的顯示像素,選擇性地啟動掃描線,以致於可以將來自資料線的驅動信號施加至像素電極,以更新相應的顯示像素。在某些情況下,依序啟動每條掃描線,直到更新EPD的所有顯示像素為止。在此更新過程中,Vcom信號可能會由於不希望的電容耦合效應而受到干擾或偏離預期位準。
圖2說明依據本文揭露之標的物的顯示像素200之俯視圖。顯示像素200包括配置成用於驅動顯示像素之像素電極204。在使用中,顯示像素200將由感應至像素電極204上之一系列電壓脈波來驅動。此一系列電壓脈波可以經由電晶體208施加至像素電極204。電晶體208可以充當開關,以使通向像素電 極204的信號路徑接通及斷開。例如,電晶體208的閘極216可以連接至信號選擇閘極線202。在使用中,閘極202可以用於藉由向電晶體208的閘極216施加或不施加電壓來選擇性地導通及關斷電晶體208。再者,此一系列電壓脈波可以經由資料線206來提供。如圖2所示,資料線206亦電耦接至電晶體208。在操作中,信號(例如,電脈波)可以經由閘極線202來傳輸,以啟動或導通電晶體208,並且一旦電晶體208導通,可以將經由資料線206施加之電信號經由電晶體208傳輸至像素電極204。並且,在圖2中呈現Vcom線210。在一些實施例中,Vcom線210可以電耦接至顯示器的上電極(未顯示在圖2中),以將上電極保持在恆定電壓位準(例如,Vcom)。通常,Vcom線210處於在像素電極204下方之裝置層。並且,儲存電容器的電極214連接至該Vcom線210,其中電極214可以位於與Vcom線210相同的裝置層上。
現在參考圖3A,在電容耦合的來源中,一種可能來源可能是資料線與Vcom線之間的電容(亦即,CDC)。例如,當經由資料線施加電壓信號時,資料線中之電壓位準的變化可能會引起資料線與Vcom線之間的電容耦合效應。電容耦合的另一種可能來源可能發生在儲存電容器的電極與像素電極之間。
在操作中,當選擇顯示像素(亦即,掃描線選擇像素)時,Vcom電壓值可能會經歷波動(例如,電壓值下降),並且經由資料線施加驅動電壓信號,從而導致資料線上之電壓值的變化。在這種情況下,受上述某些電容效應的影響,Vcom電壓值可能偏離目標值(例如,+15、-15或0V)。如果在斷開掃描線(亦即,使被選顯示像素處於浮動狀態)時Vcom無法返回此目標電壓值,則
Figure 108148234-A0305-02-0015-1
其中除了上述電容耦合效應之外,Ctotal還可以包括例如在任何金屬層與材料層之間可能出現的電容耦合效應。
結果,被選像素電極的電壓位準將從目標值大致位移至以下估計的量,這會導致沿著Vcom線方向的可觀察帶。像素電壓的移位(△VPIXEL)可以使用電荷守恆原理來進行計算
Figure 108148234-A0305-02-0015-2
其中△VCOM係在斷開掃描線時Vcom值的結果電壓移位,而Ctotal係像素電極的總電容。這有時可以稱為串擾或條紋。減輕這些不想要的影響的一種方法可以是減少Vcom信號的RC延遲,以確保在掃描線的啟動期間,VCOM值返回至目標值或位準。圖3B說明隨著要使像素導通之掃描電壓302變高(亦即,導通那個像素),Vcom電壓304經歷下降。
為了減少上述△VCOM的RC延遲,在一些實施例中,可以以Z形的方式放置顯示面板的各個像素,以減少來自兩條相鄰的VCOM線的耦合效應。
在圖4中說明一種示例性佈局。與圖1所示之佈局不同,其中在任何給定的一列之複數個像素中,與顯示像素相關聯之每個儲存電容器CST(例如,圖1的電容器110)係連接至相同的偏壓線(bias line),例如VCOM線,因此,這條VCOM線維持由那個特定列中之所有像素產生的累積電容耦合效應。現在參考圖4所示之佈局,在此背板電路400中,相鄰像素(例如,像素402及404)可以具有連接至不同的VCOM線(例如,分別為 VCOM線406及408)之儲存電容器CST(例如,分別為410及412)。在此配置中,因為每個像素連接至與其相鄰像素不同的VCOM線,所以結果的耦合效應由兩條相鄰的VCOM線共享,因此,對於兩條VCOM線,VCOM電壓的移位減半,因此可以減少或改善串擾。
在一些實施例中,如圖4所示,在具有複數個像素的一給定像素列中之相鄰像素耦接至不同的VCOM線。意思是,第一顯示像素可以耦接至第一VCOM線,而第二顯示像素可以耦接至不同於第一VCOM線的第二VCOM線等等。在一些其它實施例中,一列像素的大於1%但小於10%的像素可以耦接至與此列像素的其餘顯示像素(例如,連接至第二VCOM線)不同之一條VCOM線(例如,第一VCOM線)。在另一個實施例中,一列像素的大於1%但小於20%的像素可以耦接至與此列像素的其餘顯示像素(例如,第二VCOM線)不同之一條VCOM線(例如,第一VCOM線)。在又另一個實施例中,一列像素的大於1%但小於30%的像素可以耦接至與此列像素的其餘顯示像素(例如,第二VCOM線)不同之一條VCOM線(例如,第一VCOM線)。在一些其它實施例中,一列像素的大於1%但小於40%的像素可以耦接至與此列像素的其餘顯示像素(例如,第二VCOM線)不同之一條VCOM線(例如,第一VCOM線)。
在一些實施例中,取代在每個相鄰像素間輪流進行VCOM線連接,VCOM連接可以是隨機分佈的。例如,在一個實施例中,(一列顯示像素的)VCOM連接可以以隨機或偽隨機配置來分佈。在一個特別實施例中,隨機或偽隨機配置可以與其它規則搭配,諸如禁止會導致三個或更多VCOM線與相鄰像素列相關聯 之VCOM連接的配置,其中所述相鄰像素列與同一像素行相鄰。例如,偽隨機數產生器可以用於產生代表VCOM連接順序之數字序列。
從前述內容可以看出,本發明可以提供一種用於減少串擾及和顯示像素電壓移位之背板。熟習該項技藝者將顯而易見的是,在不脫離本發明的範圍之情況下,可以對上述本發明的特定實施例進行許多變更及修改。於是,整個前述描述將以說明性而非限制性的意義來解釋。
無。

Claims (9)

  1. 一種具有至少一列顯示像素之電光顯示器,包括:該至少一列顯示像素中之一第一顯示像素,該第一顯示像素耦接至一第一偏壓線;及該至少一列顯示像素中之一第二顯示像素,該第二顯示像素耦接至一第二偏壓線,其中該第二偏壓線與該第一偏壓線不同;其中該第一偏壓線及該第二偏壓線連接至電壓源,且被構造成減少該第一顯示像素及該第二顯示像素中的串擾。
  2. 如請求項1之電光顯示器,其中該第一偏壓線係一VCOM線。
  3. 如請求項1之電光顯示器,其中該第二偏壓線係一VCOM線。
  4. 如請求項1之電光顯示器,其中該第一及第二顯示像素在該列顯示像素中定位成彼此相鄰。
  5. 如請求項1之電光顯示器,進一步包括一第三顯示像素,其耦接至一第三偏壓線,其中該第三偏壓線不同於該第一偏壓線及該第二偏壓線。
  6. 如請求項1之電光顯示器,其中該至少一列顯示像素之大於1%但小於10%的顯示像素耦接至該第一偏壓線,而該至少一列顯示像素的其餘顯示像素耦接至該第二偏壓線。
  7. 如請求項1之電光顯示器,其中該至少一列顯示像素之大於1%但小於20%的顯示像素耦接至該第一偏壓線,而該至少一列顯示像素的其餘顯示像素耦接至該第二偏壓線。
  8. 如請求項1之電光顯示器,其中該至少一列顯示像素之大於1%但小於30%的顯示像素耦接至該第一偏壓線,而該至少一列顯示像素的其餘顯示像素耦接至該第二偏壓線。
  9. 如請求項1之電光顯示器,其中該至少一列顯示像素之大於1%但小於40%的顯示像素耦接至該第一偏壓線,而該至少一列顯示像素的其餘顯示像素耦接至該第二偏壓線。
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