JP5354708B2 - Chemical solution for soil stabilization - Google Patents
Chemical solution for soil stabilization Download PDFInfo
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- JP5354708B2 JP5354708B2 JP2007002076A JP2007002076A JP5354708B2 JP 5354708 B2 JP5354708 B2 JP 5354708B2 JP 2007002076 A JP2007002076 A JP 2007002076A JP 2007002076 A JP2007002076 A JP 2007002076A JP 5354708 B2 JP5354708 B2 JP 5354708B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
本発明は、地盤改良のための土質安定用薬液に関し、詳しくは、微粒子スラグ、微粒子セメント、珪酸ナトリウム、及び水を含有する、改良された土質安定用薬液に関する。 The present invention relates to a chemical solution for soil stabilization for ground improvement, and more particularly, to an improved chemical solution for soil stabilization containing fine particle slag, fine particle cement, sodium silicate, and water.
高炉等から副産されるスラグは潜在水硬性（セメントや珪酸ナトリウム等のアルカリ刺激により硬化する性質）を有することから、土質安定用薬液の分野でも種々利用がなされている。この中、微粒子スラグ、微粒子セメント、珪酸ナトリウム（水ガラス）、水を含有する土質安定用薬液としては、例えば下記の提案がある。 Slag produced as a by-product from a blast furnace or the like has latent hydraulic properties (a property of hardening by alkali stimulation such as cement and sodium silicate), and thus has been used in various fields for soil stabilization chemicals. Among these, as the chemical solution for stabilizing the soil containing fine particle slag, fine particle cement, sodium silicate (water glass) and water, for example, there are the following proposals.
特許文献１には、広範囲にわたるゲル化時間、特に長いゲル化時間を有し、しかも、ゲル化に至るまで低粘性を保つため浸透性に優れ、かつ固結強度も向上できる土質安定用薬液を得ることを目的とし、ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比が１．５〜２．８の水ガラスと、平均粒子径が１０μｍ以下で比表面積が５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上の微粒子スラグとを有効成分とし、水ガラスの使用量は全薬液中、水ガラス中のＳｉＯ２に換算して１．５〜２０重量％の量である土質安定用薬液が開示されている。そして、特に比表面積が５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上で、平均粒径が１０μｍ以下の微粒子セメントを添加混合することで、ゲル化時間、浸透性あるいは固結強度の調整が図れることも記載されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a soil stabilization chemical solution that has a wide range of gelation time, in particular, a long gelation time, and that has low permeability until gelation and has excellent permeability and improved consolidation strength. For the purpose of obtaining, as an active ingredient, water glass having a SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio of 1.5 to 2.8 and fine particle slag having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less and a specific surface area of 5000 cm 2 / g or more are used. Moreover, the amount of water glass used is disclosed in the chemical solution for stabilizing soil, which is 1.5 to 20% by weight in terms of SiO 2 in the water glass in all chemical solutions. It is also described that the gelation time, permeability or consolidation strength can be adjusted by adding and mixing a fine particle cement having a specific surface area of 5000 cm 2 / g or more and an average particle size of 10 μm or less.
一方、微粒子セメントの配合量、珪酸ナトリウム（水ガラス）の配合量、水の配合量に関しては、その配合量範囲としての詳細な記載は無いが、実施例においてそれぞれ下記の例示がされている。
・微粒子セメントの配合量：微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し２０質量部の場合、３６質量部の場合、５２質量部の場合が例示されている。
・水の配合量：微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し、４６０質量部の場合が例示されている。
On the other hand, the blending amount of the fine particle cement, the blending amount of sodium silicate (water glass), and the blending amount of water are not described in detail as the blending amount range, but the following examples are given in the examples.
-Blend amount of fine particle cement: The case of 20 parts by mass, the case of 36 parts by mass, and the case of 52 parts by mass are exemplified with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of fine particle slag and fine particle cement.
-Blending amount of water: The case of 460 parts by mass is exemplified with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the fine particle slag and fine particle cement.
特許文献２には、長いゲル化時間を有し、しかも、浸透性に優れ、かつ固結強度も向上できる土質安定用薬液を得ることを目的とし、ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比が２．８〜４．０の水ガラスと、平均粒子径が１０μｍ以下で比表面積が５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上の微粒子スラグとを有効成分とする土質安定用薬液が開示されている。そして、さらに平均粒子径が１０μｍ以下で比表面積が５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上の微粒子セメントを含有させることで、ゲル化時間、浸透性あるいは固結強度の調整が図れることも記載されている。 Patent Document 2 aims at obtaining a soil stabilization chemical solution having a long gelation time, excellent permeability and improved consolidation strength, and has a SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio of 2. A soil-stable chemical solution containing 8 to 4.0 water glass and fine particle slag having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less and a specific surface area of 5000 cm 2 / g or more is disclosed. Further, it is described that the gelation time, permeability or consolidation strength can be adjusted by further containing fine particle cement having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less and a specific surface area of 5000 cm 2 / g or more.
一方、微粒子セメントの配合量、珪酸ナトリウム（水ガラス）の配合量、水の配合量に関しては、その配合量範囲としての詳細な記載は無いが、実施例においてそれぞれ下記の例示がされている。
・微粒子セメントの配合量：微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し２０質量部の場合が例示されている。
・水ガラスの配合量：微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し珪酸ナトリウムとして、８１質量部の場合、８３質量部の場合、８６質量部の場合、８９質量部の場合が例示されている。
・水の配合量：微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し、４５３質量部の場合、４５９質量部の場合、４７２質量部の場合、４７８質量部の場合が例示されている。
On the other hand, the blending amount of the fine particle cement, the blending amount of sodium silicate (water glass), and the blending amount of water are not described in detail as the blending amount range, but the following examples are given in the examples.
-Compounding amount of fine particle cement: The case of 20 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of fine particle slag and fine particle cement is exemplified.
-Water glass blending amount: As a sodium silicate with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of fine particle slag and fine particle cement, 81 parts by mass, 83 parts by mass, 86 parts by mass, and 89 parts by mass are exemplified. Yes.
-The compounding quantity of water: The case of 453 mass parts, the case of 472 mass parts, the case of 478 mass parts is illustrated with respect to a total of 100 mass parts of fine particle slag and fine particle cement.
特許文献３には、高強度の固結体を得るとともに、広範囲にわたるゲル化時間、特に比較的長時間のゲル化時間の調整が容易であり、しかも浸透性に優れ、この為、特に砂質地盤への注入に適した土質安定用薬液を得ることを目的に、微粒子スラグおよび微粒子セメントの混合物を含む懸濁型グラウトからなり、これらスラグおよびセメントの平均粒径がそれぞれ１０μｍ以下、比表面積がそれぞれ５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上であり、前記セメントの混合比率が５０％以下である土質安定用薬液が開示されている。そして、さらに水ガラスを添加混合すると、スラグ−セメント混合物の配合量を少なくして粘性を比較的低く維持し、かつゲル化時間を速めて高強度の固結体が得られること、水ガラスのモル比は２．８以下が好ましいことなどが記載されている。 In Patent Document 3, a high-strength solidified body is obtained, and it is easy to adjust the gelation time over a wide range, particularly a relatively long gelation time, and has excellent permeability. For the purpose of obtaining a soil stabilization chemical solution suitable for injection into the ground, it consists of a suspension grout containing a mixture of fine particle slag and fine particle cement, each of which has an average particle size of 10 μm or less and a specific surface area of Disclosed is a soil-stabilizing chemical solution that is 5000 cm 2 / g or more and the mixing ratio of the cement is 50% or less. Further, when water glass is further added and mixed, the amount of slag-cement mixture is reduced to maintain the viscosity relatively low, and the gelation time is increased to obtain a high-strength consolidated body. It is described that the molar ratio is preferably 2.8 or less.
一方、珪酸ナトリウム（水ガラス）の配合量、水の配合量に関しては、その配合量範囲としての詳細な記載は無いが、実施例においてそれぞれ下記の例示がされている。
・水ガラスの配合量：微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し珪酸ナトリウムとして、７２質量部の場合、８１質量部の場合、９０質量部の場合、９４質量部の場合が例示されている。
・水の配合量：微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し、３５３質量部の場合、３５５質量部の場合、３７２質量部の場合、３７７質量部の場合、３８１質量部の場合が例示されている。
On the other hand, regarding the blending amount of sodium silicate (water glass) and the blending amount of water, there is no detailed description as the blending amount range, but the following examples are given in the examples.
-Mixing amount of water glass: As a sodium silicate with respect to 100 parts by mass of fine particle slag and fine particle cement, the case of 72 parts by mass, 81 parts by mass, 90 parts by mass, and 94 parts by mass are exemplified. Yes.
-The amount of water blended: In the case of 353 parts by mass, 372 parts by mass, 377 parts by mass, and 381 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of fine particle slag and fine particle cement Has been.
上述の如く、特許文献１〜特許文献３で開示されている土質安定用薬液は、その全てが、長いゲルタイムの確保、浸透性向上、固結強度向上を目的としたものである。
この中、実施面における効率性、地盤改良の確実性などを鑑みた場合、浸透性の性能は高いほど好ましく、更なる改良が求められているのが現実である。
一方、土質安定用薬液が硬化の際に生じるブリージングは、軟弱地盤に対し地盤改良工法を施して地盤中に硬化体を形成する際、硬化体上層部に未硬化部分を生じ、確実な地盤改良を阻害する原因となるので、ブリージングを生じないことが理想であるが、上記特許文献１〜特許文献３で開示されている土質安定用薬液では、その方策に対して一切言及されていない。
更に、スラグやセメントから構成される土質安定用薬液においては、硬化体上層部では硬化体下層部に比べスラグ分やセメント分が少ない状態で硬化する（いわゆる粗密分離）現象を生じ、その結果地盤中に形成される硬化体の強度が不均一となってしまう場合があり、このことも確実な地盤改良を阻害する原因の一つとなっている。従って、土質安定用薬液が硬化した際、硬化体中のスラグ分やセメント分の粗密分離は少なければ少ないほど（即ち、均一性が高いほど）好ましいものであるが、この点に関しても、上記特許文献１〜特許文献３で開示されている土質安定用薬液では、その方策に対して一切言及されていない。
Among these, in view of the efficiency in implementation, the certainty of ground improvement, etc., the higher the permeation performance, the more preferable, and the further improvement is actually required.
On the other hand, the breathing that occurs when the chemical solution for soil stabilization hardens, when the ground improvement method is applied to the soft ground to form a hardened body in the ground, an unhardened part is generated in the upper layer part of the hardened body, and reliable ground improvement Therefore, it is ideal that no breathing occurs, but the soil stabilization chemicals disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 do not mention any measures.
Furthermore, in the soil stabilization chemicals composed of slag and cement, the hardened body upper layer part hardens with less slag and cement content than the hardened body lower layer part (so-called coarse separation), resulting in the ground In some cases, the strength of the cured body formed in the inside becomes non-uniform, and this is one of the causes for inhibiting reliable ground improvement. Therefore, when the chemical solution for stabilizing the soil is hardened, it is preferable that the coarse and dense separation of the slag and cement in the hardened body is as small as possible (that is, as the uniformity is high). In the soil stabilization chemicals disclosed in Literature 1 to Patent Literature 3, no mention is made of the measures.
本発明の目的は、微粒子スラグ、微粒子セメント、珪酸ナトリウム、及び水を含有する従来の土質安定用薬液を改良し、浸透性の更なる向上に加え、土質安定用薬液が硬化する際にブリージングを生じることが無く、硬化体の均一性が高い土質安定用薬液を提供することである。このような高性能の土質安定用薬液の目標とすべき、浸透性、ブリージング、硬化体均一性の性能基準は下記に示すような値と考えられることから、これらの性能基準の全てを同時に満たすものが最も好ましいと考えられる。
・浸透性・・・円柱型枠（内径：５ｃｍ）内に最密充填した豊浦珪砂層の表面に、調製した土質安定用薬液２００ｍｌを流し込んで自然浸透させ、形成された硬化体における、土質安定用薬液の硬化分と砂分が混在している部分の厚み（浸透深さ）が、１２ｃｍ以上であること。
・ブリージング・・・調製した土質安定用薬液５００ｍｌを容器（容量５００ｍｌ）に入れて静置、硬化体上層部に生じたブリージング水をメスシリンダーに移し取り、その水量を測定し求めたブリージング率が１％以下であること。
・硬化体均一性・・・調製した土質安定用薬液５００ｍｌをメスシリンダー（容量５００ｍｌ）に入れて静置、硬化体におけるスラグ分やセメント分の疎部分を硬化体の色調から目視判定してその体積を測定し、土質安定用薬液全容に対する体積割合として算出した値が２０％以下であること。
The object of the present invention is to improve conventional soil stabilization chemicals containing fine particle slag, fine particle cement, sodium silicate, and water. In addition to further improving the permeability, breathing is performed when the soil stabilization chemical solution is cured. An object of the present invention is to provide a soil-stabilizing chemical solution that does not occur and has a highly uniform cured body. Since the performance standards for permeability, breathing, and uniformity of cured product, which should be the targets of such high-performance soil stabilization chemicals, are considered to be the values shown below, all of these performance standards must be met simultaneously. Are considered most preferred.
・ Permeability: Soil stability in the hardened body formed by pouring 200 ml of the prepared chemical solution for soil stabilization into the surface of the Toyoura quartz sand layer packed in a cylindrical form (inner diameter: 5 cm). The thickness (penetration depth) of the portion where the hardened part and sand part of the chemical solution are mixed is 12 cm or more.
-Breathing ... Put 500 ml of the prepared soil stabilization chemical in a container (capacity 500 ml), leave it still, transfer the breathing water generated in the upper layer of the cured body to a graduated cylinder, measure the amount of water, and determine the breathing rate. 1% or less.
・ Hardened body uniformity ... Put 500 ml of the prepared soil stabilization chemical in a graduated cylinder (capacity 500 ml), leave it still, and visually determine the slag and cement sparse parts in the hardened body from the color tone of the hardened body. The volume is measured, and the value calculated as a volume ratio with respect to the entire soil stabilization chemical is 20% or less.
本発明者らは、微粒子スラグ、微粒子セメント、珪酸ナトリウム、及び水を含有する土質安定用薬液の上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、特定のブレーン値範囲内の微粒子スラグと微粒子セメント、特定のモル比範囲内の珪酸ナトリウムおよび水のそれぞれを、微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計質量に対し、特定の質量範囲で組合せる事で、意外にも前記の性能基準の全てを同時に満たす事を見出し、本発明を完成させた。 As a result of intensive investigations to solve the above-mentioned problems of a chemical solution for stabilizing a soil containing fine particle slag, fine particle cement, sodium silicate, and water, the present inventors have found that fine particle slag and fine particle cement within a specific brane value range are specified. Surprisingly, it has been found that by combining each of sodium silicate and water within the molar ratio range in a specific mass range with respect to the total mass of fine particle slag and fine particle cement, all of the above performance criteria can be met simultaneously. The present invention has been completed.
即ち、本発明は「微粒子スラグ、微粒子セメント、珪酸ナトリウム、及び水を含有する土質安定用薬液であって、微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントのブレーン値がともに９０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上１５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下であり、珪酸ナトリウムのＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比が３．０以上３．８以下であり、微粒子セメントの配合量が微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し２質量部以上７質量部以下であり、珪酸ナトリウムの配合量が微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し１２質量部以上３６質量部以下であり、水の配合量が微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し４１０質量部以上４５０質量部以下であることを特徴とする土質安定用薬液。」を要旨とする。 That is, the present invention is “a soil stabilization chemical containing fine particle slag, fine particle cement, sodium silicate, and water, and both the fine particle slag and fine particle cement have a brain value of 9000 cm 2 / g or more and 15000 cm 2 / g or less. The SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio of sodium silicate is 3.0 or more and 3.8 or less, and the compounding amount of the fine particle cement is 2 parts by mass or more and 7 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of the fine particle slag and fine particle cement. The blending amount of sodium silicate is not less than 12 parts by mass and not more than 36 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fine particle slag and fine particle cement, and the blending amount of water is 410 with respect to the total 100 parts by mass of the fine particle slag and fine particle cement. The gist of the present invention is a soil stabilization chemical solution characterized by being not less than 450 parts by mass.
本発明の土質安定用薬液により、微粒子スラグ、微粒子セメント、珪酸ナトリウム、及
び水を含有する従来の土質安定用薬液よりも更に浸透性が向上したことに加え、土質安定
用薬液が硬化する際に、ブリージングを生じる事が無く且つ、硬化体の均一性に優れると
言う効果を奏し、これにより、より安全・確実・効率的に地盤改良できると言う特徴を有
する。
なお、本発明の土質安定用薬液では、珪酸ナトリウム１００質量部に対しアルミニウム化合物を酸化物（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）換算で０．０７質量部以上０．４０質量部以下の割合で含有させることで、浸透性の性能をより向上できる。
When the soil stabilization chemical solution hardens, the soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention has improved permeability further than the conventional soil stabilization chemical solution containing fine particle slag, fine particle cement, sodium silicate, and water. In addition, there is an effect that there is no occurrence of breathing and the uniformity of the cured body is excellent, and this makes it possible to improve the ground more safely, reliably and efficiently.
In the soil stabilizing chemical of the present invention, Ru is contained in a proportion of oxide (Al 2 O 3) 0.40 parts by 0.07 parts by mass or more in terms of an aluminum compound to the sodium silicofluoride acid 100 parts by weight Thus, the permeability performance can be further improved.
本発明の土質安定用薬液は、微粒子スラグ、微粒子セメント、珪酸ナトリウム、及び水を含有する。
本発明の土質安定用薬液に用いる微粒子スラグは、例えば高炉セメント等の製造用原料に用いられる高炉水砕スラグを後述するブレーン値に粉砕調製したものである。
本発明の土質安定用薬液に用いる微粒子スラグのブレーン値は、下限値９０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上、好ましくは下限値１００００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上、一方、上限値１５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下、好ましくは上限値１３０００にｃｍ２／ｇ以下の範囲にあるものを用いる。微粒子スラグのブレーン値が、本発明で規定する範囲の下限値よりも小さい場合は、浸透性および硬化体均一性の性能が不充分であり本発明の目的を達成できない。一方、微粒子スラグのブレーン値が、本発明で規定する範囲の上限値よりも大きい場合は、浸透性の性能が不充分であり本発明の目的を達成できない。
The soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention contains fine particle slag, fine particle cement, sodium silicate, and water.
The fine particle slag used in the chemical for stabilizing soil according to the present invention is prepared by pulverizing blast furnace granulated slag used as a raw material for production such as blast furnace cement to a brane value described later.
The fine particle slag used in the soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention has a lower limit of 9000 cm 2 / g, preferably a lower limit of 10,000 cm 2 / g, while an upper limit of 15000 cm 2 / g, preferably an upper limit of 13000. The thing in the range below cm < 2 > / g is used. When the brane value of the fine particle slag is smaller than the lower limit of the range defined in the present invention, the performance of the permeability and the uniformity of the cured product is insufficient, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved. On the other hand, when the brane value of the fine particle slag is larger than the upper limit value of the range defined in the present invention, the permeability performance is insufficient and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
本発明の土質安定用薬液に用いる微粒子セメントは、普通ポルトランドセメント，早強ポルトランドセメント，超早強ポルトランドセメント，中庸熱ポルトランドセメント，耐硫酸塩ポルトランドセメント，白色ポルトランドセメント等のポルトランドセメント類を、後述するブレーン値に粉砕調製したものである。
本発明の土質安定用薬液に用いる微粒子セメントのブレーン値は、下限値９０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上、好ましくは下限値１００００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上、一方、上限値１５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下、好ましくは上限値１３０００にｃｍ２／ｇ以下の範囲にあるものを用いる。微粒子セメントのブレーン値が、本発明で規定する範囲の下限値よりも小さい場合および、上限値よりも大きい場合は、浸透性の性能が不充分であり本発明の目的を達成できない。
The fine particle cement used in the chemical solution for stabilizing soil according to the present invention includes Portland cements such as ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, ultra-early strong Portland cement, moderately hot Portland cement, sulfate-resistant Portland cement, white Portland cement and the like. Crushed and adjusted to the brain value.
The brane value of the fine particle cement used in the chemical solution for stabilizing a soil according to the present invention has a lower limit value of 9000 cm 2 / g or more, preferably a lower limit value of 10,000 cm 2 / g or more, while an upper limit value of 15000 cm 2 / g or less, preferably an upper limit value of 13,000. The thing in the range below cm < 2 > / g is used. When the brane value of the fine particle cement is smaller than the lower limit value of the range defined by the present invention and larger than the upper limit value, the permeability performance is insufficient and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
本発明の土質安定用薬液に用いる微粒子セメントの配合量は、微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し、下限値２質量部以上、好ましくは下限値３質量部以上、一方、上限値７質量部以下、好ましくは上限値５質量部以下の範囲である。微粒子セメントの配合量が、本発明で規定する範囲の下限値よりも少ない場合は、浸透性およびブリージングの性能が不充分であり本発明の目的を達成できない。一方、微粒子セメントの配合量が、本発明で規定する範囲の上限値よりも多い場合は、浸透性の性能が不充分であり本発明の目的を達成できない。 The blending amount of the fine particle cement used in the chemical solution for stabilizing soil according to the present invention is 2 parts by mass or more, preferably 3 parts by mass or more, preferably 3 parts by mass or more, with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of fine particle slag and fine particle cement. The range is not more than part by mass, preferably not more than the upper limit of 5 parts by mass. When the blending amount of the fine particle cement is less than the lower limit value of the range defined in the present invention, the permeability and breathing performance are insufficient and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved. On the other hand, when the compounding amount of the fine particle cement is larger than the upper limit of the range defined in the present invention, the permeability performance is insufficient and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
本発明の土質安定用薬液に用いる珪酸ナトリウムは、ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比が下限値３．０以上、上限値３．８以下の範囲にあるものであり、ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比がこの範囲内であれば、無水塩や含水塩のような粉体状態、或いは水ガラスのような水溶液状態など、その形態は如何なる状態であっても使用できる。珪酸ナトリウムのＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比が、本発明で規定する範囲の下限値よりも小さい場合は、ブリージングおよび硬化体均一性の性能が不充分であり本発明の目的を達成できない。一方、珪酸ナトリウムのＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比が、本発明で規定する範囲の上限値よりも大きい場合は、浸透性の性能で本発明の目的を達成できない。 Sodium silicate is used in soil stabilization chemical present invention, SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio of the lower limit of 3.0 or more, which is in the range of the upper limit value 3.8, SiO 2 / Na 2 O mole If the ratio is within this range, it can be used in any state such as a powder state such as anhydrous salt or hydrated salt or an aqueous solution state such as water glass. When the SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio of sodium silicate is smaller than the lower limit of the range defined in the present invention, the performance of breathing and cured product uniformity is insufficient, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved. On the other hand, when the SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio of sodium silicate is larger than the upper limit of the range defined in the present invention, the object of the present invention cannot be achieved with the permeability performance.
本発明の土質安定用薬液に用いる珪酸ナトリウムの配合量は、珪酸ナトリウム純分換算で、微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し、下限値１２質量部以上、好ましくは下限値１６質量部以上、一方、上限値３６質量部以下、好ましくは上限値３２質量部以下の範囲である。珪酸ナトリウムの配合量が、本発明で規定する範囲の下限値よりも少ない場合は、浸透性およびブリージングの性能が不充分であり本発明の目的を達成できない。
一方、珪酸ナトリウムの配合量が、本発明で規定する範囲の上限値よりも多い場合は、浸透性および硬化体均一性の性能が不充分であり本発明の目的を達成できない。
The amount of sodium silicate used in the chemical solution for stabilizing soil according to the present invention is 12 parts by mass or more, preferably 16 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of fine particle slag and fine particle cement in terms of pure sodium silicate. On the other hand, the upper limit value is 36 parts by mass or less, preferably the upper limit value is 32 parts by mass or less. When the amount of sodium silicate is less than the lower limit of the range defined in the present invention, the permeability and breathing performance are insufficient and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
On the other hand, when the blending amount of sodium silicate is larger than the upper limit of the range defined in the present invention, the penetrability and the uniformity of the cured product are insufficient and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
さらに、本発明の土質安定用薬液に用いる珪酸ナトリウムには、アルミニウム化合物を含有させる事もできる。アルミニウム化合物の含有量は、酸化物（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）換算で珪酸ナトリウム１００質量部に対し、下限値０．０７質量部以上、上限値０．４０質量部以下の範囲が特に好ましく、この範囲内で含有させることにより、浸透性の性能を更に向上させることができる。 Furthermore, the sodium silicate used in the chemical solution for stabilizing soil according to the present invention may contain an aluminum compound. The content of the aluminum compound is particularly preferably in the range of a lower limit of 0.07 parts by mass and an upper limit of 0.40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of sodium silicate in terms of oxide (Al 2 O 3 ). By making it contain in the inside, the permeable performance can be further improved.
アルミニウム化合物を含有させた珪酸ナトリウムの製造方法は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば「１３９０１の化学品、化学工業日報社発行、第２類ソーダ工業薬品、ケイ酸ソーダ」に記載された水ガラスの製法に準拠して製造する事ができ、具体的には下記の様な方法を例示する事ができる。
・無水塩（粉体）で得る方法例・・・二酸化珪素と炭酸ナトリウムとアルミニウム化合物（例えば、アルミン酸ナトリウム等）をＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比およびアルミニウム化合物の含有量が上記規定の範囲となるように組合せ融解後、適宜の粒度に粉砕する。
・水溶液（いわゆる水ガラス）で得る方法例・・・ＪＩＳ Ｋ１４０８で規定される水ガラス製造用カレットと、アルミニウム化合物（例えば、アルミン酸ナトリウム等）を、出来上がりのＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比およびアルミニウム化合物の含有量が上記規定の範囲となるようにオートクレーブに仕込み、水に溶解させる。
・含水塩（粉体）で得る方法例・・・水溶液で得たアルミニウム化合物を含有させた珪酸ナトリウム（上記）の水分を、例えばスプレードライ等の方法で留去する。
The method for producing sodium silicate containing an aluminum compound is not particularly limited. For example, water described in “13901 Chemicals, Chemical Industry Daily, Type 2 Soda Industrial Chemicals, Sodium Silicate” It can manufacture according to the manufacturing method of glass, and can specifically illustrate the following methods.
Example of method for obtaining with anhydrous salt (powder): silicon dioxide, sodium carbonate and aluminum compound (for example, sodium aluminate, etc.) SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio and content of aluminum compound are within the above specified range After combining and melting so as to be, pulverize to an appropriate particle size.
Example of a method for obtaining an aqueous solution (so-called water glass): a cullet for water glass production specified in JIS K1408 and an aluminum compound (for example, sodium aluminate), and a finished SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio and The autoclave is charged so that the content of the aluminum compound is within the above specified range and dissolved in water.
Method example obtained with hydrated salt (powder): The water content of sodium silicate (above) containing an aluminum compound obtained in an aqueous solution is distilled off by a method such as spray drying.
本発明の土質安定用薬液に用いる水としては、上水，工業用水，地下水，河川水，海水などを例示する事ができ、この中でも、本発明の効果を充分発揮させるためには、上水，工業用水が好ましい。
本発明の土質安定用薬液に用いる水の配合量は、微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの合計１００質量部に対し、下限値４１０質量部以上、好ましくは下限値４３０質量部以上、一方、上限値４５０質量部以下の範囲である。なお、珪酸ナトリウムが含水塩や水溶液であった場合は、それらに含まれる水分も水の配合量に加えて計算して調製される。水の配合量が、本発明で規定する範囲の下限値よりも少ない場合は、浸透性の性能が不充分であり本発明の目的を達成できない。一方、水の配合量が、本発明で規定する範囲の上限値よりも多い場合は、ブリージングの性能が不充分であり本発明の目的を達成できない。
Examples of the water used for the chemical solution for stabilizing the soil of the present invention include water, industrial water, groundwater, river water, seawater, and the like. Among these, in order to sufficiently exhibit the effects of the present invention, Industrial water is preferred.
The amount of water used in the soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention is a lower limit of 410 parts by weight or more, preferably a lower limit of 430 parts by weight or more, whereas an upper limit of 450 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total of fine particle slag and fine particle cement. Part or less. In addition, when sodium silicate is a hydrate salt or aqueous solution, the water contained therein is also prepared by calculating in addition to the amount of water. When the amount of water is less than the lower limit value of the range defined in the present invention, the permeability performance is insufficient and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved. On the other hand, when the blending amount of water is larger than the upper limit of the range defined in the present invention, the breathing performance is insufficient and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
本発明の土質安定用薬液は、上述の如く、少なくとも微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントと珪酸ナトリウムと水とを本発明で規定する質量範囲で混練して調製される。この際、混練方法には特に制限は無いが、本発明の効果を充分発揮させるためには、珪酸ナトリウムは水に充分溶解していること、微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントは水に均一に懸濁されていることが好ましい。従って、無水塩や含水塩のような粉体状態の珪酸ナトリウムを用いる際には、上記の様な土質安定用薬液を得るための方法として、先ず水に珪酸ナトリウムを投入混練して珪酸ナトリウムを溶解し、次いで微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントを投入混練する方法を例示する事がでる。なおこの際、微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントの投入混練は、それぞれ個別に投入混練する、或いは予め粉体状態で混合しておいたものを投入混練する等、何れであっても良い。この様な混練方法を採用すると、珪酸ナトリウムの溶解状況を目視で簡便に判断することができる。 As described above, the chemical solution for stabilizing soil according to the present invention is prepared by kneading at least fine particle slag, fine particle cement, sodium silicate, and water in the mass range defined in the present invention. At this time, the kneading method is not particularly limited, but in order to fully exhibit the effects of the present invention, sodium silicate is sufficiently dissolved in water, and the fine particle slag and fine particle cement are uniformly suspended in water. It is preferable. Therefore, when using powdered sodium silicate such as anhydrous salt or hydrated salt, as a method for obtaining the above-mentioned soil stabilization chemical solution, sodium silicate is first added to water and kneaded. A method of dissolving and then charging and kneading fine particle slag and fine particle cement can be exemplified. At this time, the input and kneading of the fine particle slag and the fine particle cement may be either individually charged or kneaded, or charged and kneaded in advance in a powder state. When such a kneading method is employed, the dissolution state of sodium silicate can be easily determined visually.
本発明の土質安定用薬液の地盤への注入方法に際しても特に制約は無く、従来から行われている地盤改良工法の中から、地盤条件、施工の目的、作業性などの現場条件に応じて適宜選択し採用することができる。 There is no particular restriction on the method of injecting the soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention into the ground, and it is appropriately selected according to the site conditions such as the ground conditions, the purpose of construction, and workability from the conventional ground improvement methods. Can be selected and adopted.
本発明の土質安定用薬液には、必要に応じて、減水剤、消泡剤など、通常用いられる各種のセメント混和剤を添加することができる。
この様な減水剤としては、リグニンスルホン酸塩またはその誘導体，オキシ有機酸塩，アルキルアリルスルホン酸塩，ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル，ポリオール複合体，高級多価アルコールスルホン酸塩，メラミンホルマリン縮合物スルホン酸塩などを主成分とする各種の減水剤，分散剤，高性能減水剤，流動化剤を挙げる事ができる。
また消泡剤としては、高級アルコール系，アルキルフェノール系，ジエチレングリコール系，ジブチルフタレート系，非水溶性アルコール系，トリブチルホスフェート系，ポリグリコール系，シリコーン系，酸化エチレン−酸化プロピレン共重合体系などの各種の消泡剤を挙げることができる。
Various commonly used cement admixtures such as a water reducing agent and an antifoaming agent can be added to the chemical solution for stabilizing soil according to the present invention as necessary.
Such water reducing agents include lignin sulfonate or derivatives thereof, oxyorganic acid salt, alkylallyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyol complex, higher polyhydric alcohol sulfonate, melamine formalin condensate sulfone. Examples include various water reducing agents, dispersants, high-performance water reducing agents, and fluidizing agents mainly composed of acid salts.
Various antifoaming agents such as higher alcohols, alkylphenols, diethylene glycols, dibutyl phthalates, water-insoluble alcohols, tributyl phosphates, polyglycols, silicones, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers, etc. An antifoaming agent can be mentioned.
以下に本発明を実施例や比較例を用いて更に説明するが、本発明は、これら実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
実施例および比較例（試験Ｎｏ.１〜Ｎｏ.３３）
以下のような手順で土質安定用薬液を調製し、その性能を評価した。
・微粒子スラグ・・・高炉水砕スラグを、表１記載のブレーン値に粉砕調製。
・微粒子セメント・・・普通ポルトランドセメントを、表１記載のブレーン値に粉砕調製。
・珪酸ナトリウム（無水塩）・・・二酸化珪素と炭酸ナトリウム（何れも試薬）を、表１記載のモル比となるように融解し調製。
・水・・・水道水をそのまま使用。
上記のように調製した微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントと珪酸ナトリウムと水を用い、表１の実験条件に示す割合に基づき、珪酸ナトリウムを溶解した水に微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントを投入混練して土質安定用薬液を調製し、下記項目の性能を評価した。
Examples and Comparative Examples (Test Nos. 1 to 33)
A chemical solution for soil stabilization was prepared by the following procedure and its performance was evaluated.
・ Fine particle slag: Blast furnace granulated slag was pulverized and prepared to the brain values listed in Table 1.
・ Fine particle cement: Normal Portland cement is pulverized and prepared to the brain values shown in Table 1.
・ Sodium silicate (anhydrous salt): prepared by melting silicon dioxide and sodium carbonate (both reagents) so that the molar ratios shown in Table 1 are obtained.
・ Water: Tap water is used as it is.
Using the fine particle slag, fine particle cement, sodium silicate, and water prepared as described above, and mixing the fine particle slag and fine particle cement into water in which sodium silicate is dissolved based on the ratios shown in the experimental conditions of Table 1, A chemical solution was prepared and the performance of the following items was evaluated.
評価項目と試験方法、評価の基準は以下の通りである。
・浸透性・・・円柱型枠（内径：５ｃｍ）内に最密充填した豊浦珪砂層の表面に、調製した土質安定用薬液２００ｍｌを流し込んで自然浸透させ、形成された硬化体における、土質安定用薬液の硬化分と砂分が混在している部分の厚み（浸透深さ）を測定した。
評価○：浸透深さが、１２ｃｍ以上であった。
評価×：浸透深さが、１２ｃｍ未満であった。
・ブリージング・・・調製した土質安定用薬液５００ｍｌを容器（容量５００ｍｌ）に入れて静置、硬化体上層部に生じたブリージング水をメスシリンダーに移し取り、その水量を測定しブリージング率を求めた。
評価○：ブリージング率が、１％以下であった。
評価×：ブリージング率が、１％を超えた。
・硬化体均一性・・・調製した土質安定用薬液５００ｍｌをメスシリンダー（容量５００ｍｌ）に入れて静置、硬化体におけるスラグ分やセメント分の疎部分を硬化体の色調から目視判定してその体積を測定し、土質安定用薬液全容に対する体積割合として算出した。
評価○：疎部分の体積割合が、２０％以下であった。
評価×：疎部分の体積割合が、２０％を超えた。
各試験における、試験条件、全容１０００ｇ中における微粒子スラグと微粒子セメントと珪酸ナトリウムと水の配合処方、試験結果と評価、および総合評価を表１にまとめて示した。
なお、総合評価は下記を示している。
総合評価○：浸透性、ブリージング、硬化体均一性の評価がいずれも○であった。
総合評価×：評価項目の少なくとも一つが×であった。
Evaluation items, test methods, and evaluation criteria are as follows.
・ Permeability: Soil stability in the hardened body formed by pouring 200 ml of the prepared chemical solution for soil stabilization into the surface of the Toyoura quartz sand layer packed in a cylindrical form (inner diameter: 5 cm). The thickness (penetration depth) of the portion where the hardened part and sand part of the chemical solution were mixed was measured.
Evaluation (circle): The penetration depth was 12 cm or more.
Evaluation x: The penetration depth was less than 12 cm.
-Breathing: Put 500 ml of the prepared soil stabilization chemical in a container (capacity 500 ml), leave it still, transfer the breathing water generated in the upper layer of the cured body to a graduated cylinder, measure the amount of water and determine the breathing rate. .
Evaluation (circle): Breathing rate was 1% or less.
Evaluation x: The breathing rate exceeded 1%.
・ Hardened body uniformity ... Put 500 ml of the prepared soil stabilization chemical in a graduated cylinder (capacity 500 ml), leave it still, and visually determine the slag and cement sparse parts in the hardened body from the color tone of the hardened body. The volume was measured and calculated as a volume ratio with respect to the entire volume of the soil stabilization chemical solution.
Evaluation (circle): The volume ratio of the sparse part was 20% or less.
Evaluation x: The volume ratio of the sparse part exceeded 20%.
Table 1 summarizes the test conditions, the formulation of fine slag, fine cement, sodium silicate, and water, test results and evaluation, and overall evaluation in each test in a total volume of 1000 g.
The comprehensive evaluation shows the following.
Comprehensive evaluation (circle): The evaluation of osmosis | permeability, breathing, and cured | curing material uniformity was all (circle).
Overall evaluation x: At least one of the evaluation items was x.
試験Ｎｏ.１〜６は微粒子スラグのブレーン値の影響、試験Ｎｏ.７〜１２は微粒子スラグのブレーン値の影響、試験Ｎｏ.１３〜１８は微粒子セメントの配合量の影響、試験Ｎｏ.１９〜２２は珪酸ナトリウムのＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比の影響、試験Ｎｏ.２３〜２８は珪酸ナトリウムの配合量の影響、試験Ｎｏ.２９〜３３は水の配合量の影響を示している。
表１から明らかなように、試験条件が本発明の規定を満たした場合には、浸透性、ブリージング、硬化体均一性の性能基準を全て同時に満たし、本発明の目的が達成された（試験Ｎｏ.２〜５，８〜１１，１４〜１７，２０〜２１，２４〜２７，３０〜３２）。
これに対し、試験条件が本発明の規定から外れた場合には、浸透性、ブリージング、硬化体均一性のいずれか一つあるいは二つ以上が性能基準を満たさず、本発明の目的が達成されなかった（試験Ｎｏ.１，６，７，１２，１３，１８，１９，２２，２３，２８，２９，３３）。
Test Nos. 1 to 6 are the influence of the brain value of the fine particle slag, Test Nos. 7 to 12 are the influence of the brain value of the fine particle slag, Test Nos. 13 to 18 are the influence of the blending amount of the fine particle cement, Test Nos. 19 to 22 shows the influence of the SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio of sodium silicate, Test Nos. 23 to 28 show the effect of the amount of sodium silicate, and Test Nos. 29 to 33 show the effect of the amount of water.
As is clear from Table 1, when the test conditions satisfied the provisions of the present invention, the performance criteria of permeability, breathing, and cured body uniformity were all satisfied at the same time, and the object of the present invention was achieved (Test No. 2-5, 8-11, 14-17, 20-21, 24-27, 30-32).
On the other hand, when the test conditions deviate from the provisions of the present invention, one or more of permeability, breathing, and cured product uniformity do not meet the performance criteria, and the object of the present invention is achieved. (Test Nos. 1, 6, 7, 12, 13, 18, 19, 22, 23, 28, 29, 33).
実施例（試験Ｎｏ.３４〜Ｎｏ.３８）
珪酸ナトリウムを、二酸化珪素と炭酸ナトリウムとアルミン酸ナトリウム（何れも試薬）を融解し調製したアルミニウム化合物と珪酸ナトリウム（無水塩）との混合物（表２では便宜的に「アルミニウム化合物含有珪酸ナトリウム」と表記する。）に変えた以外は前記実施例及び比較例（試験No.１〜No.３３）と同様に試験を行った。
各試験における、試験条件、全容１０００ｇ中における微粒子スラグ、微粒子セメント、アルミニウム化合物と珪酸ナトリウムとの混合物、及び水の配合処方、試験結果と評価、並びに総合評価を、表２にまとめて示した。
Example (Test No. 34 to No. 38)
Sodium silicate , a mixture of aluminum compound and sodium silicate (anhydrous salt) prepared by melting silicon dioxide, sodium carbonate and sodium aluminate (both reagents) (in Table 2, for convenience, "aluminum compound-containing sodium silicate" The test was conducted in the same manner as in the above-mentioned Examples and Comparative Examples (Test Nos. 1 to 33) except that the expression was changed.
In each test, test conditions, fine slag, fine cement in the total volume 1000 g, a mixture of an aluminum compound and sodium silicate, and water formulation, test results and evaluation, as well as the overall evaluation are shown in Table 2.
表２から明らかなように、土質安定用薬液中のアルミニウム化合物の酸化物（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）換算での含有量が、珪酸ナトリウム１００質量部に対し、０．０７質量部以上、０．４０質量部以下の範囲内にある場合は、範囲外にある場合に比べ、浸透性の性能を更に向上させることができた（試験Ｎｏ.３５〜３７）。
これに対し、アルミニウム化合物の酸化物（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）換算での含有量が、珪酸ナトリウム１００質量部に対し、０．０７質量部よりも少ない場合、０．４０質量部よりも多い場合とも、浸透性の性能を更に向上させる効果は無かった。
As is apparent from Table 2, the content of the aluminum compound in the soil stabilization chemical solution in terms of oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.07 parts by mass or more, 0.40 with respect to 100 parts by mass of sodium silicate. In the case of being in the range of less than or equal to the mass part, the permeability performance could be further improved as compared to the case of being out of the range (Test Nos. 35 to 37).
On the other hand, when the content of the oxide of the aluminum compound (Al 2 O 3 ) is less than 0.07 parts by mass and more than 0.40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of sodium silicate, There was no effect of further improving the permeability performance.
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