JP4090982B2 - Ground injection agent and ground injection method - Google Patents
Ground injection agent and ground injection method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4090982B2 JP4090982B2 JP2003379266A JP2003379266A JP4090982B2 JP 4090982 B2 JP4090982 B2 JP 4090982B2 JP 2003379266 A JP2003379266 A JP 2003379266A JP 2003379266 A JP2003379266 A JP 2003379266A JP 4090982 B2 JP4090982 B2 JP 4090982B2
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Ca] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ca] ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 organic acid salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citric acid monohydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyruvic aldehyde Natural products CC(=O)C=O AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
本発明は、各種土木工事における地盤改良工事や止水工事で用いられる地盤注入剤に関する。なお、本発明における部や%は、特に規定のない限り質量基準である。 The present invention relates to a ground injecting agent used in ground improvement work and water stop work in various civil engineering works. In the present invention, “parts” and “%” are based on mass unless otherwise specified.
従来、地盤注入剤は、地盤改良工事や止水工事等に広く用いられている。ここで、地盤改良工事とは、ダム、発電所、及び石油やLPGの備蓄基地等の大型特殊構造物の基礎地盤補強のカーテングラウトや建設工事前の薬液注入による地盤補強工事等の工事であり、止水工事とは、地下水位より低い場所、海底下、及び帯水地盤における地下構造物の掘削工事の際に発生する湧水を注入剤を注入することにより防いだり、地盤の水密性を上げるために注入剤を注入する工事である。また、地盤注入剤は、これらの他にも、排水性の悪い地盤や液状化地盤などにおける一般住宅やマンションの地盤改良や上下水道等のインフラ整備における地盤の崩落防止工事にも使用される。 Conventionally, the ground injecting agent has been widely used for ground improvement work, water stop work and the like. Here, ground improvement works are works such as dams, power plants, and ground grouts for reinforcement of foundation ground for large special structures such as oil and LPG storage bases and ground reinforcement works by injecting chemicals before construction work. Water stoppage works by injecting an injecting agent to prevent the spring water generated during excavation work of underground structures below the groundwater level, under the seabed, and in the aquifer ground, and to prevent the water tightness of the ground. It is a work to inject an injectant to raise. In addition to these, the ground injecting agent is also used for preventing the collapse of the ground in the improvement of the ground of ordinary houses and condominiums in poorly drained ground and liquefied ground, and in infrastructure development such as water supply and sewerage.
このように、注入することにより地盤を固結させたり、圧密脱水することにより地盤の強化を図る目的で使用する地盤注入剤には様々な材料が薬剤として使用されており、古くは、ベントナイトなどの粘土や普通ポルトランドセメントなどの非薬液系注入剤が使用されていたが、その後は、珪酸ナトリウム系(水ガラス系)注入剤や、アクリルアミドやウレタン系などの高分子系注入剤も使用されてきた。 In this way, various materials are used as a chemical in the ground injecting agent used for the purpose of consolidating the ground by injecting or strengthening the ground by compacting dehydration, and in the old days, bentonite etc. Non-chemical injections such as clay and ordinary Portland cement have been used, but since then, sodium silicate (water glass) injections and polymer injections such as acrylamide and urethane have also been used. It was.
しかしながら、薬液の井戸水への流入による公害問題で、旧建設省より昭和49年に「薬液注入工法による建設工事の施工に関する暫定指針」が通達され、高分子系注入剤の使用は凍結となり、使用可能な材料としては、大きく分けてセメント系注入剤と水ガラス系注入剤の2系統の材料のみとなり現在に至っている。そして、より安全でかつより性能の良い注入剤が望まれてきた。 However, due to pollution problems caused by the inflow of chemicals into the well water, the former Ministry of Construction issued a “provisional guideline for construction work by the chemical injection method” in 1974. The possible materials are broadly divided into two types of materials, cement-type injection and water glass-type injection. There has been a desire for a safer and better performing infusate.
ここで、セメント系注入剤とは、普通ポルトランドセメントや高炉セメントを主材としセメントのみで使用したり、添加剤としてベントナイトや無機系の急硬材と組み合わせた注入剤の総称であり、また、最近では、普通ポルトランドセメントの代わりに、浸透効果を上げるために普通ポルトランドセメントとスラグを混合し、粉砕し粒度を細かくした微粒子セメントや超微粒子セメントが多く用いられている。 Here, the cement-based injecting agent is a general term for an injecting agent that uses ordinary Portland cement or blast furnace cement as a main material and only cement, or as an additive combined with bentonite or an inorganic quick-hardening material, Recently, in place of ordinary Portland cement, fine particle cement and ultrafine particle cement in which ordinary Portland cement and slag are mixed and pulverized to increase the permeation effect have been used.
一般に、セメント系注入剤はアルカリ性ではあるが比較的安全性が高く、また、その硬化体の強度が高いため耐久性も良い。しかし、一方では、硬化するまでの時間、即ちゲルタイムが長いため止水に不向きな事や、粉体を水に懸濁した状態であるため、溶液タイプの注入剤と比較すると浸透性能が大きく劣るなどの性質がある。 In general, cement-based injections are alkaline, but have relatively high safety, and have high durability due to the high strength of the cured product. However, on the other hand, the time until curing, that is, the gel time is long, so it is unsuitable for water stoppage, and the powder is suspended in water, so the permeation performance is greatly inferior compared with solution type injections. There are such properties.
また、水ガラス系注入剤とは、主材に珪酸ナトリウムである水ガラスを使用する注入剤の総称であり、そのなかでも、水ガラスの硬化剤として併用する材料の種類により、大きく溶液型注入剤と懸濁液型注入剤に分けられている。 In addition, water glass-based injection is a generic term for injections that use water silicate, which is sodium silicate as the main material. Among them, depending on the type of material that is used in combination as a hardening agent for water glass, solution injection And suspension type injection.
ここで、溶液型注入剤とは、硬化剤が水に溶解する、無機塩、有機溶液、酸、及びアルカリ溶液を単体又は複合して使用するタイプであり、例えば、無機塩としては、炭酸塩、塩化物、硫酸塩、ホウ酸塩及びリン酸塩が、また、有機溶液としては、酢酸モノエーテルグリコールのようなエステル類、ホルムアルデヒドのようなアルデヒド類、プロピレンカーボネイト、ギ酸メチル及びグリオキザールなどがあり、酸としては硫酸が一般的である(特許文献1〜5)。
このように、溶液型注入剤は、溶液で粒子が無いため浸透性に優れているが、固結強度が低く、そのため耐久性も悪いものが多く、また、硬化剤の種類によっては対応に注意を要する物もある。
Here, the solution-type injection agent is a type in which an inorganic salt, an organic solution, an acid, and an alkaline solution in which a curing agent is dissolved in water are used alone or in combination. For example, as an inorganic salt, a carbonate is used. , Chlorides, sulfates, borates and phosphates, and organic solutions include esters such as monoether glycol acetate, aldehydes such as formaldehyde, propylene carbonate, methyl formate and glyoxal As the acid, sulfuric acid is generally used (Patent Documents 1 to 5).
In this way, solution-type injections have excellent permeability due to the absence of particles in the solution, but they have low consolidation strength and therefore poor durability, and depending on the type of curing agent, care must be taken. Some things require.
一方、懸濁液型注入剤とは、硬化剤として不溶解性である、主に無機物を用いた材料であり、例えば、一番使用されているのが普通ポルトランドセメントで、LWの名称で一般に広く使用されている。また、その他としては、消石灰や生石灰の石灰類、無水、半水及び二水の石膏等の材料やスラグ等が使用されている(特許文献6,7)。 On the other hand, a suspension type injection is a material that is insoluble as a curing agent, mainly using an inorganic substance. For example, the most commonly used is Portland cement, which is generally called LW. Widely used. In addition, materials such as slaked lime and quicklime lime, anhydrous, semi-water and dihydrate gypsum, slag, and the like are used (Patent Documents 6 and 7).
懸濁液型注入剤は、硬化剤が不溶性の粉体であるが、主材が水ガラスのため浸透性はセメント系注入剤より良く、また、固結強度については、硬化剤の種類にもよるが、全体的に溶液型注入剤より高くセメント系注入剤よりは低くなっている。また、硬化剤は比較的安全性が高いものが多い。
上記のような注入剤の中で、水ガラス系懸濁液型注入剤は、固結体強度もある程度高く浸透性も良好であるため、様々な地質で構成されている地盤に対して一番適応範囲が広い注入剤である。その中でも、硬化剤に普通ポルトランドセメントを使用するLWが一番良く使用されているが、さらに初期の強度発現性が良好で安全性の高い硬化剤が望まれていた。 Among the above-mentioned injections, the water glass suspension type injection has the highest solidified strength and good permeability, so it is the most suitable for the ground composed of various geological features. It is an infusion that has a wide range of applications. Among them, LW using ordinary Portland cement as the curing agent is most often used, but a curing agent with good initial strength development and high safety has been desired.
本発明者は、種々検討を重ねた結果、特定の硬化剤を使用することにより水ガラス系懸濁液型注入剤の中でも初期の固結強度が高く、耐久性が良好で、安全性の向上した注入剤が得られるという知見を得て本発明を完成するに至った。本発明は以下の各発明を包含する As a result of repeated investigations, the present inventor has a high initial caking strength among water glass suspension type injections by using a specific curing agent, good durability, and improved safety. The present invention was completed by obtaining the knowledge that an injectable was obtained. The present invention includes the following inventions:
(1)珪酸ナトリウム水溶液と、硬化剤としてのブレーン値4,000cm 2 /g以上の12CaO・7Al 2 O 3 組成に対応するカルシウムアルミネートと硫酸カルシウム、及び硬化調整剤としての有機酸及び/又は有機酸塩を含有する地盤改良用注入剤。 (1) and the aqueous solution of sodium silicate, calcium aluminum Natick preparative and calcium sulfate corresponding to the Blaine value 4,000 cm 2 / g or more 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3 composition as a curing agent, and an organic San及 beauty as Cure Modifier / or soil improvement for injection that contains an organic acid salt.
(2)前記硬化剤が、前記カルシウムアルミネートを30〜70質量%と硫酸カルシウムを30〜70質量%含有することを特徴とする(1)項記載の地盤改良用注入剤。 (2) wherein the curing agent, characterized by containing 30 to 70 wt% of 30 to 70 wt% and calcium sulfate the calcium aluminate Natick preparative (1) soil improvement for injection agent according to claim.
(3)前記硬化調整剤が有機酸の1種又は2種からなることを特徴とする(1)項記載の地盤改良用注入剤。 (3) The ground improvement injecting agent according to (1), wherein the curing regulator is composed of one or two organic acids .
(4)前記(1)項〜(3)項のいずれか1項に記載の地盤改良用注入剤に使用する前記硬化調整剤を練り水に入れ、これに、同じく前記硬化剤を入れて調製した硬化剤スラリーをA液とし、練り水に水ガラスを入れて調製した液をB液とし、A液及びB液のそれぞれを混練りした後、別々に圧送し、地盤注入前もしくは地盤注入後に混合するか又は地盤中で混合することを特徴する地盤改良工法。 (4) Prepared by adding the curing modifier used in the ground improvement injecting agent according to any one of items (1) to (3) in kneaded water, and also adding the curing agent to this. The hardener slurry thus prepared is liquid A, and the liquid prepared by adding water glass to kneaded water is liquid B. After kneading each of liquid A and liquid B, they are pumped separately and before or after ground injection. A ground improvement method characterized by mixing or mixing in the ground.
本発明により、従来の水ガラス系懸濁液型注入剤の硬化剤と比較して、硬化剤自体も水和反応により硬化するため、初期強度が高く、長期耐久性の高い注入剤の提供が可能とな
る。
According to the present invention, since the curing agent itself is cured by a hydration reaction as compared with the curing agent of the conventional water glass suspension type injection, it is possible to provide an injection with high initial strength and high long-term durability. It becomes possible.
以下、本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。
本発明で使用する水ガラス(珪酸ナトリウム)としては、一般に市販されている水ガラスの中で、メーカーにより多少モル比に差があるが、二酸化珪素(SiO2)と酸化ナトリウム(Na2O)に換算したモル比(Na2O/SiO2)が2.1〜2.3である1号珪酸ソーダ、2.4〜2.6である2号珪酸ソーダ、3.0〜3.3である3号珪酸ソーダが使用でき、特に3号珪酸ソーダが好ましい。
また、本発明の硬化剤には、その他の特殊水ガラス又はコロイダルシリカも併用可能である。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
As the water glass (sodium silicate) used in the present invention, among the commercially available water glasses, there is a slight difference in molar ratio depending on the manufacturer, but silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and sodium oxide (Na 2 O). No. 1 sodium silicate having a molar ratio (Na 2 O / SiO 2 ) of 2.1 to 2.3, and No. 2 sodium silicate having a ratio of 2.4 to 2.6, 3.0 to 3.3 Certain No. 3 sodium silicate can be used, and No. 3 sodium silicate is particularly preferable.
In addition, other special water glass or colloidal silica can be used in combination with the curing agent of the present invention.
水ガラス水溶液中の水ガラスの量は、水100部に対して20〜200部が好ましく、30〜100部がより好ましい。20部未満では濃度が薄く、凝結が悪いため固まらない場合があり、200部を超えると水ガラス水溶液の粘度が高くなり、硬化剤との混合性や注入作業時の圧送性が悪くなり、また、硬化体の収縮が大きくなり著しく耐久性が落ちる場合がある。 20-200 parts are preferable with respect to 100 parts of water, and, as for the quantity of the water glass in water glass aqueous solution, 30-100 parts is more preferable. If the amount is less than 20 parts, the concentration may be thin and may not solidify due to poor setting. In some cases, the shrinkage of the cured body increases and the durability significantly decreases.
本発明で使用する硬化剤は、カルシウムアルミネートと硫酸カルシウムの含有物を水と混練りしスラリーとして使用するが、この際に混練り水に予め硬化調整剤を溶解して使用する。 As the curing agent used in the present invention, a calcium aluminate and calcium sulfate content is kneaded with water and used as a slurry. At this time, a curing regulator is previously dissolved in the kneading water and used.
本発明で使用するカルシウムアルミネートとは、カルシアを含む原料と、アルミナを含む原料とを混合して、キルンでの焼成や、電気炉での溶融等の熱処理をして得られる、CaOとAl2O3を主たる成分とする水和活性を有する物質の総称であり、CaO及び/又はAl2O3の一部が、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ土類金属酸化物、酸化ケイ素、酸化チタン、酸化鉄、アルカリ金属ハロゲン化物、アルカリ土類金属ハロゲン化物、アルカリ金属硫酸塩、及びアルカリ土類金属硫酸塩等と置換した化合物、あるいは、CaOとAl2O3とを主成分とするものに、これらが少量固溶した物質である。鉱物形態としては、結晶質、非晶質いずれであってもよい。 The calcium aluminate used in the present invention is a mixture of a raw material containing calcia and a raw material containing alumina, and is obtained by heat treatment such as firing in a kiln or melting in an electric furnace. 2 O 3 is a generic name for substances having hydration activity as a main component, and a part of CaO and / or Al 2 O 3 is an alkali metal oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, To compounds containing iron oxide, alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, alkali metal sulfates, alkaline earth metal sulfates, etc., or those containing CaO and Al 2 O 3 as main components, These are substances dissolved in a small amount. The mineral form may be either crystalline or amorphous.
これらの中では、反応活性の面で、12CaO・7Al2O3(以下、C12A7という)組成に対応する熱処理物を急冷した非晶質カルシウムアルミネートが好ましい。
カルシウムアルミネートの粒度は、初期強度発現性及び地盤への浸透性の面で、ブレーン値で4,000cm2/g以上が好ましく、6,000cm2/g以上がより好ましい。4,000cm2/g未満では初期強度発現性が低下したり、浸透性能が著しく悪くなる場合がある。
Among these, amorphous calcium aluminate obtained by quenching a heat-treated product corresponding to a composition of 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3 (hereinafter referred to as C 12 A 7 ) is preferable in terms of reaction activity.
The particle size of the calcium aluminate is in terms of permeability to the initial strength development and ground, preferably 4,000 cm 2 / g or more in Blaine value, 6,000 2 / g or more is more preferable. If it is less than 4,000 cm < 2 > / g, initial strength development property may fall, or the osmosis | permeation performance may deteriorate remarkably.
本発明で使用する硫酸カルシウムとしては、石膏が挙げられる。石膏の中では強度発現性が大きい面で、II型無水石膏や天然石膏が好ましい。硫酸カルシウムの粒度は、ブレーン値で4,000cm2/g以上が好ましく、6,000cm2/g以上がより好ましい。4,000cm2/g未満では初期強度発現性が低下する場合がある。
硫酸カルシウムの使用量は、カルシウムアルミネート100部に対して、70〜150部が好ましく、90〜110部がより好ましい。70部未満では初期強度発現性が低下する場合があり、150部を越えると短期強度発現性が悪くなる場合がある。
Examples of the calcium sulfate used in the present invention include gypsum. Among the gypsum, type II anhydrous gypsum and natural gypsum are preferable in terms of high strength development. The particle size of the calcium sulfate is preferably 4,000 cm 2 / g or more in Blaine value, 6,000 2 / g or more is more preferable. If it is less than 4,000 cm 2 / g, the initial strength development may be lowered.
The amount of calcium sulfate used is preferably 70 to 150 parts, more preferably 90 to 110 parts, relative to 100 parts of calcium aluminate. If it is less than 70 parts, the initial strength development may be lowered, and if it exceeds 150 parts, the short-term strength development may be deteriorated.
本発明で使用する硬化剤は、水100部に対して、20〜300部が好ましく、50〜200部がより好ましい。20部未満では硬化時間が長く、目的のゲルタイムが得られず、また、硬化体の強度発現も不十分となる場合があり、300部を超えると硬化剤をスラリー化するのが困難となり、スラリー化したとしても、通常の施工機械では施工が困難
となる場合がある。
本発明における硬化剤スラリーの使用量は、水ガラス水溶液100部に対して、10〜200部が好ましく、50〜150部がより好ましい。10部未満では添加効果が無く、凝結又は初期強度発現性が低下する場合があり、また200部を越えるとスラリーの分散性が悪く混練りが困難になったり、スラリーを圧送ができないなどの施工不能となることがある。
20-300 parts are preferable with respect to 100 parts of water, and, as for the hardening | curing agent used by this invention, 50-200 parts are more preferable. If it is less than 20 parts, the curing time is long, the desired gel time cannot be obtained, and the strength expression of the cured product may be insufficient. If it exceeds 300 parts, it becomes difficult to slurry the curing agent. Even if it is changed, it may be difficult to construct with ordinary construction machines.
10-200 parts is preferable with respect to 100 parts of water glass aqueous solution, and, as for the usage-amount of the hardening | curing agent slurry in this invention, 50-150 parts is more preferable. If it is less than 10 parts, there is no effect of addition, and there is a case where condensation or initial strength developability may be reduced. If it exceeds 200 parts, the dispersibility of the slurry is poor and kneading becomes difficult, and the slurry cannot be pumped. It may become impossible.
本発明で使用する硬化調整剤とは、硬化剤をスラリーとした場合、それ自身でも水和反応し固まってしまうため硬化剤の硬化時間を調節する役割があり、また、それ自体も水ガラス水溶液を硬化させる機能があるため、硬化剤を混合させたときの反応時間を安定化させる効果もある。 The curing modifier used in the present invention has a role of adjusting the curing time of the curing agent because the curing agent itself becomes a hydration reaction and solidifies when the curing agent is made into a slurry. Therefore, there is an effect of stabilizing the reaction time when the curing agent is mixed.
本発明で使用する硬化調整剤は、グルコン酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸及び乳酸等の有機酸類及び該有機酸類の塩類から選ばれる1種又は2種以上からなり、これらの中では、スラリーの練り置き性状が良好で、初期強度発現性が良い面から、クエン酸やその塩類が好ましい。 The curing modifier used in the present invention comprises one or more selected from organic acids such as gluconic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid and lactic acid, and salts of the organic acids. Citric acid and its salts are preferred from the viewpoint of good kneading properties and good initial strength development.
硬化調整剤の使用量は、水ガラス水溶液100部に対して、0.5〜30部が好ましく、5〜15部がより好ましい。0.5部未満では硬化剤スラリーの練り置き時間の確保が困難となり、また、30部を越えると硬化剤スラリーの練り置き時間は長くなるが、硬化時間が極端に短かくなって作業性が低下するし、また、硬化体の耐久性が低下する場合がある。 0.5-30 parts are preferable with respect to 100 parts of water glass aqueous solution, and, as for the usage-amount of a hardening regulator, 5-15 parts are more preferable. If it is less than 0.5 part, it will be difficult to ensure the kneading time of the curing agent slurry, and if it exceeds 30 parts, the kneading time of the curing agent slurry will be long, but the curing time will be extremely short and workability will be reduced. In addition, the durability of the cured product may be reduced.
本発明の注入剤の混合調製及び使用方法としては、練り水に予め所定の硬化調整剤を入れ、これにカルシウムアルミネートと硫酸カルシウムの混合物を入れて調製した硬化剤スラリーをA液とし、練り水に所定の水ガラスを入れて調製したものをB液とし、それぞれを混練りした後、別々に圧送し、地盤注入前又は地盤注入後に混合する方法を用いる(1.5ショット注入方法)が望ましく、また、硬化時間が短い場合はA液とB液を別々に送り地盤中で混合する2ショット注入方法でも可能である。 As the mixing preparation and use method of the injectable of the present invention, a predetermined curing adjusting agent is previously added to kneading water, and a curing agent slurry prepared by adding a mixture of calcium aluminate and calcium sulfate to this is designated as A liquid. A solution prepared by putting predetermined water glass into water is used as B liquid, and after kneading each, it is separately pumped and used before or after ground injection (1.5 shot injection method) In addition, when the curing time is short, a two-shot injection method in which the liquid A and the liquid B are separately fed in the ground is also possible.
以下、実験例により本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実験例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by experimental examples, but the present invention is not limited to these experimental examples.
実験例1
JIS3号珪酸ナトリウムを水で希釈して表1記載の種々の濃度の珪酸ナトリウム水溶液200mlをつくりA液とした。
一方、硬化剤はカルシウムアルミネート100部と無水石膏100部を混合したもの200部と予め硬化剤を希釈する練り水に硬化調整剤を5部溶解して混合したスラリー溶液200mlをつくりこれをB液とした。
A液とB液を、20℃、相対湿度80%の室内で混合し、20℃の水中養生を行い硬化させ、そのゲルタイムと圧縮強度を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
Experimental example 1
JIS No. 3 sodium silicate was diluted with water to prepare 200 ml of sodium silicate aqueous solutions having various concentrations shown in Table 1, and designated as solution A.
On the other hand, 200 parts of a mixture of 100 parts of calcium aluminate and 100 parts of anhydrous gypsum and 200 parts of a slurry solution prepared by dissolving 5 parts of a hardening modifier in kneading water for diluting the hardening agent in advance were prepared and used as B. Liquid.
Liquid A and liquid B were mixed in a room at 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%, cured at 20 ° C. in water, and the gel time and compressive strength were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
実験例2
JIS3号珪酸ナトリウムを水で希釈して50%濃度の珪酸ナトリウム水溶液200mlをつくり、A液とした。
一方、硬化剤と硬化調整剤を表2記載の濃度にそれぞれ調整したスラリー溶液200m1をつくり、これをB液とした。
A液とB液を、20℃、相対湿度80%の室内で混合し、20℃の水中養生を行い硬化させ、そのゲルタイムと圧縮強度を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
Experimental example 2
JIS No. 3 sodium silicate was diluted with water to prepare 200 ml of a 50% strength aqueous sodium silicate solution.
On the other hand, a slurry solution 200m1 was prepared by adjusting the curing agent and the curing regulator to the concentrations shown in Table 2, and this was designated as B solution.
Liquid A and liquid B were mixed in a room at 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%, cured at 20 ° C. in water, and the gel time and compressive strength were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
実験例3
表1中の実験No.1−4の配合の注入剤スラリーのpHと硬化体からの六価クロムの溶出量を測定した。比較例として、実験No.1−4と同様の硬化剤を普通セメントと用いた場合を実施した。
Experimental example 3
Experiment No. 1 in Table 1 The pH of the injectable slurry having the composition of 1-4 and the elution amount of hexavalent chromium from the cured product were measured. As a comparative example, Experiment No. The case where the same hardening agent as 1-4 was used with normal cement was implemented.
〔使用材料〕
水ガラス:JIS珪酸ナトリウム3号品
カルシウムアルミネート:主成分C12A7、非晶質、ブレーン値6,000cm2/g
無水石膏:II型無水石膏、ブレーン値6,050cm2/g
硬化調整剤:市販の粉末状クエン酸
水:水道水
[Materials used]
Water glass: JIS sodium silicate No. 3 calcium aluminate: Main component C 12 A 7 , amorphous, Blaine value 6,000 cm 2 / g
Anhydrous gypsum: type II anhydrous gypsum, brain value 6,050 cm 2 / g
Curing modifier: Commercially available powdered citric acid water: Tap water
測定方法
ゲルタイム.:水ガラス水溶液と硬化剤を混合後、少量をカップに移し、そのカップを傾けても流動しなくなった時点の時間
圧縮強度:所定材齢の硬化体を、JIS A5201に準じ測定
pH測定:カロリーメーターにより測定
六価クロム溶出量測定:タンクリーチング試験を実施。材齢7日の硬化体を水中に28日間浸漬し、JIS K0102に準じ濃度測定を行なった。
Measuring method Gel time. : After mixing a water glass aqueous solution and a curing agent, transfer a small amount to a cup, time compressive strength at the time when the cup stops tilting, compressive strength: Measure a cured material of a predetermined age according to JIS A5201 pH measurement: calories Measured with a meter Hexavalent chromium elution amount: Tank leaching test. A 7 day old cured body was immersed in water for 28 days, and the concentration was measured according to JIS K0102.
本発明の水ガラスの硬化剤は、中性であるため従来の硬化剤より安全であり、普通ポルトランドセメントと比較して六価クロムの含有量も少ないため、人体や環境に対しても安全性が高いので、今後、環境へ与える制約条件の厳しい注入現場などでの活用が期待される。 The water glass hardener of the present invention is safer than conventional hardeners because of its neutrality, and it has less hexavalent chromium content than ordinary Portland cement, so it is safe for the human body and the environment. Therefore, it is expected to be used at injection sites with severe restrictions on the environment.
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