JP5347782B2

JP5347782B2 - Coupling device

Info

Publication number: JP5347782B2
Application number: JP2009162548A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 治明小澤
Original assignee: Murata Machinery Ltd
Current assignee: Murata Machinery Ltd
Priority date: 2009-07-09
Filing date: 2009-07-09
Publication date: 2013-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 2029-07-09
Also published as: JP2011016196A

Description

この発明は、軸方向に並ぶ２つの部材を互いの円周方向位置および軸方向位置を位置決め可能に連結するカップリング装置、例えば旋盤の主軸とチャックとを連結するカップリング装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a coupling device that connects two members arranged in the axial direction so that their circumferential positions and axial positions can be positioned, for example, a coupling device that connects a main spindle of a lathe and a chuck.

チャックの交換を容易にするために、主軸とチャックとをカップリングを介して着脱自在に連結した旋盤がある（例えば特許文献１）。例えば工作機械のタレットの取付に用いられるカップリングとして、カービックカップリングやハースカップリングと称される形式のものが知られている。これらは、軸方向に並ぶ２つの部材の対向面に円周方向に並ぶ複数の歯をそれぞれ設け、両部材の歯を互いに噛み合わせることにより、両部材を連結および円周方向の位置決めをする形式であり、復元精度、自動調心性に優れ、かつ高力伝達機能を有する特長がある。 In order to facilitate the replacement of the chuck, there is a lathe in which the main shaft and the chuck are detachably connected via a coupling (for example, Patent Document 1). For example, as a coupling used for attaching a turret of a machine tool, a type called a Kirbic coupling or a hearth coupling is known. These are a type in which a plurality of teeth arranged in the circumferential direction are provided on opposite surfaces of two members arranged in the axial direction, and the teeth of both members are engaged with each other, thereby connecting both members and positioning in the circumferential direction. It is excellent in restoration accuracy and self-alignment, and has a high force transmission function.

実開昭６３−５７０１０号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-57010

そこで、旋盤における主軸とチャックの連結にハースカップリング形式を採用することにした。図９の例で示すように、ハースカップリングでは、２つの部材１０１，１０２の歯１０１ａ，１０２ａは共に断面台形状であり、両部材１０１，１０２の歯１０１ａ，１０２ａはテーパ状の側面で互いに接触する。２つの部材１０１，１０２の円周方向位置および軸方向位置の位置決め精度を保つためには、両部材１０１，１０２の歯１０１ａ，１０２ａの噛み合い部に切粉等の異物が咬み込まれないようにすることが求められる。 Therefore, we decided to use the Hearth coupling type to connect the spindle and chuck in the lathe. As shown in the example of FIG. 9, in the hearth coupling, the teeth 101a and 102a of the two members 101 and 102 are both trapezoidal in cross section, and the teeth 101a and 102a of both the members 101 and 102 are tapered side surfaces. Contact. In order to maintain the positioning accuracy of the circumferential position and the axial position of the two members 101, 102, foreign matters such as chips should not be caught in the meshing portions of the teeth 101a, 102a of both the members 101, 102. It is required to do.

この発明の目的は、軸方向に並ぶ２つの部材の歯の噛み合い部に切粉等の異物が侵入するのを防いで、両部材の円周方向位置および軸方向位置を正確に位置決めすることができるカップリング装置を提供することである。
この発明の他の目的は、高精度の回転伝達を可能にし、かつ回転伝達部の剛性向上を図ることである。
この発明のさらに他の目的は、旋盤のチャックの交換作業の効率化を得ながら、上記両部材間の軸方向の剛性、並びに軸方向の位置決め精度の向上を可能にすることである。 The object of the present invention is to prevent foreign matter such as chips from entering the meshing portions of the teeth of two members arranged in the axial direction, and to accurately position the circumferential position and the axial position of both members. It is to provide a coupling device that can be used.
Another object of the present invention is to enable highly accurate rotation transmission and to improve the rigidity of the rotation transmission portion.
Still another object of the present invention is to make it possible to improve the axial rigidity between the two members and the axial positioning accuracy while improving the efficiency of exchanging the lathe chuck.

この発明のカップリング装置は、軸方向に並んで対向し相対的に軸方向に移動させて互いに連結および分離させる第１部材および第２部材を備え、これら両部材の対向面に、互いに噛み合って両部材の円周方向の位置決めをする歯の列を同心の円周上にそれぞれ設け、かつ両部材が前記歯の列の噛み合いにより連結された状態において互いに軸方向に向き合う当接面で当接して両部材の軸方向の位置決めをする当接部をそれぞれ設け、前記当接部は、前記歯の列の外周側にあって全周にわたって設けた。
この構成によれば、第１部材および第２部材の対向面にそれぞれ設けた歯を互いに噛み合わせることで、両部材の円周方向の位置決めがなされる。また、第１部材および第２部材の対向面にそれぞれ設けた当接部を互いに軸方向に向き合わせて当接させることで、両部材の軸方向の位置決めがなされる。これにより、軸方向に並ぶ第１部材および第２部材を、互いの円周方向位置および軸方向位置を位置決めして連結することができる。当接部の当接面は軸方向に向き合う面であるため、大きな軸方向荷重を受けることができる。また、軸方向偏荷重の分布が円周方向に偏っている場合でも、当接部の当接面が互いに当接した状態に維持されることにより、両部材が互いに適正な位置関係に保たれる。
前記当接部は、前記歯の列の外周側にあって全周にわたって設けたため、この当接部が２つの部材の歯の外周を覆って歯の噛み合い部に切粉等の異物が侵入するのを防ぐ。そのため、両部材の円周方向位置および軸方向位置を正確に位置決めすることができる。 The coupling device according to the present invention includes a first member and a second member that face each other in the axial direction and move relative to each other in the axial direction to be connected and separated from each other. The tooth rows for positioning both members in the circumferential direction are provided on concentric circumferences, and the two members are in contact with each other in contact with each other in the axial direction in a state of being connected by meshing of the tooth rows. A contact portion for positioning both members in the axial direction is provided, and the contact portion is provided on the outer peripheral side of the row of teeth and is provided over the entire circumference.
According to this configuration, the circumferential positioning of the two members is achieved by meshing the teeth provided on the opposing surfaces of the first member and the second member, respectively. Further, the abutting portions provided on the opposing surfaces of the first member and the second member are brought into contact with each other while facing each other in the axial direction, whereby the axial positioning of both the members is performed. Thereby, the 1st member and 2nd member which are located in a line in the axial direction can be connected by positioning their circumferential positions and axial positions. Since the contact surface of the contact portion is a surface facing in the axial direction, a large axial load can be received. Further, even when the distribution of the axially offset load is biased in the circumferential direction, both members are kept in an appropriate positional relationship by maintaining the contact surfaces of the contact portions in contact with each other. It is.
Since the contact portion is provided on the outer peripheral side of the row of teeth and is provided over the entire circumference, the contact portion covers the outer periphery of the teeth of the two members, and foreign matters such as chips enter the meshing portion of the teeth. To prevent. Therefore, the circumferential position and the axial position of both members can be accurately positioned.

この発明において、前記第１部材および第２部材が、それぞれ回転自在に支持された部材であってよい。
第１部材および第２部材がそれぞれ回転自在に支持された部材、すなわち回転体である場合、両部材の円周方向位置を正確に位置決めすることにより、回転時における両部材の位相のずれを無くして、回転精度を向上させることができ、かつ回転伝達部の剛性向上を図ることができる。 In the present invention, the first member and the second member may be members that are rotatably supported.
When the first member and the second member are members that are rotatably supported, i.e., rotating bodies, the circumferential position of both members is accurately positioned to eliminate the phase shift between the two members during rotation. Thus, the rotation accuracy can be improved and the rigidity of the rotation transmission portion can be improved.

この発明において、前記第１部材および第２部材は、旋盤の主軸とチャックとにそれぞれ取付けられ、これら主軸をチャックとを分離可能に連結する連結部を構成していても良い。
このように、旋盤の主軸とチャックとの連結部にこの発明のカップリング装置を適用すれば、主軸とチャックとの分離および連結が簡単になり、チャックの交換作業の効率化を図れる。 In the present invention, the first member and the second member may be attached to a lathe spindle and a chuck, respectively, and may constitute a connecting portion that detachably connects the spindle to the chuck.
As described above, when the coupling device of the present invention is applied to the connecting portion between the main spindle of the lathe and the chuck, the separation and connection between the main spindle and the chuck can be simplified, and the efficiency of chuck replacement work can be improved.

この発明のカップリング装置は、軸方向に並んで対向し相対的に軸方向に移動させて互いに連結および分離させる第１部材および第２部材を備え、これら両部材の対向面に、互いに噛み合って両部材の円周方向の位置決めをする歯の列を同心の円周上にそれぞれ設け、かつ両部材が前記歯の列の噛み合いにより連結された状態において互いに軸方向に向き合う当接面で当接して両部材の軸方向の位置決めをする当接部をそれぞれ設け、前記当接部は、前記歯の列の外周側にあって全周にわたって設けたため、軸方向に並ぶ２つの部材の歯の噛み合い部に切粉等の異物が侵入するのを防いで、両部材の円周方向位置および軸方向位置を正確に位置決めすることができる。 The coupling device according to the present invention includes a first member and a second member that face each other in the axial direction and move relative to each other in the axial direction to be connected and separated from each other. The tooth rows for positioning both members in the circumferential direction are provided on concentric circumferences, and the two members are in contact with each other in contact with each other in the axial direction in a state of being connected by meshing of the tooth rows. Since the abutting portions for axial positioning of both members are provided, and the abutting portions are provided on the outer peripheral side of the tooth row and over the entire circumference, the meshing of the teeth of the two members arranged in the axial direction is provided. It is possible to prevent foreign matters such as chips from entering the portion, and to accurately position the circumferential position and the axial position of both members.

前記第１部材および第２部材が、それぞれ回転自在に支持された部材である場合は、回転時における両部材の位相のずれを無くして、回転精度を向上させることができ、かつ回転伝達部の剛性向上を図ることができる。 When the first member and the second member are members that are rotatably supported, the rotational accuracy can be improved by eliminating the phase shift between the two members during rotation, and the rotation transmitting portion. The rigidity can be improved.

前記第１部材および第２部材は、旋盤の主軸とチャックとにそれぞれ取付けられ、これら主軸をチャックとを分離可能に連結する連結部を構成する場合は、旋盤のチャックの交換作業の効率化を得ながら、上記両部材間の軸方向の剛性、並びに軸方向の位置決め精度の向上が可能になる。 The first member and the second member are attached to a lathe main shaft and a chuck, respectively, and in the case of constituting a connecting portion that detachably connects the main shaft to the chuck, the lathe chuck replacement operation can be made more efficient. While obtaining, the axial rigidity between the two members and the positioning accuracy in the axial direction can be improved.

（Ａ）はこの発明の一実施形態にかかるカップリング装置を備えた旋盤におけるカップリング装置の周辺部の一状態を示す破断側面図、（Ｂ）はそのＩＢ−ＩＢ面の矢視図、（Ｃ）はそのＩＣ−ＩＣ面の矢視図である。(A) is a fractured side view showing one state of the peripheral part of the coupling device in a lathe equipped with the coupling device according to one embodiment of the present invention, (B) is a view as viewed from the arrow on the IB-IB surface, C) is an arrow view of the IC-IC surface. 同カップリング装置の第１部材および第２部材の歯の形状を示す展開図である。It is an expanded view which shows the shape of the tooth | gear of the 1st member of the same coupling apparatus, and a 2nd member. 同カップリング装置のカップリング操作機構およびチャック爪開閉機構の駆動部を示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows the drive part of the coupling operation mechanism and chuck | zipper claw opening / closing mechanism of the same coupling apparatus. 同カップリング装置の周辺部の異なる状態を示す破断側面図である。It is a fracture | rupture side view which shows the different state of the peripheral part of the same coupling apparatus. 同カップリング装置の周辺部のさらに異なる状態を示す破断側面図である。It is a fracture | rupture side view which shows the further different state of the peripheral part of the same coupling apparatus. （Ａ）は同カップリング装置の周辺部のさらに異なる状態を示す破断側面図、（Ｂ）はそのVIＢ部拡大図である。(A) is a fractured side view showing a further different state of the peripheral part of the coupling device, and (B) is an enlarged view of the VIB part. （Ａ）はカップリング装置の第２部材に設けた肉取り部の異なる形状を示す平面図、（Ｂ）はその展開断面図である。(A) is a top view which shows the different shape of the meat removal part provided in the 2nd member of the coupling apparatus, (B) is the expanded sectional view. （Ａ）はカップリング装置の第２部材に設けた肉取り部のさらに異なる形状を示す平面図、（Ｂ）はその展開断面図である。(A) is a top view which shows the further different shape of the meat removal part provided in the 2nd member of the coupling apparatus, (B) is the expanded sectional view. ハースカップリングの歯の噛み合い部を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the meshing part of the tooth | gear of Hearth coupling.

この発明の一実施形態を図面と共に説明する。このカップリング装置１は、旋盤の主軸２とチャック３との連結部に用いられたものである。図１において、旋盤は、ベッド（図示せず）に設置された主軸台４を有し、この主軸台４に複数の転がり軸受５，６によって主軸２が回転自在に支持されている。そして、主軸２の前端の大径となった軸頭部２ａに、カップリング装置１を介して、チャック３が着脱自在に連結される。図１は、主軸２とチャック３が分離された状態を表している。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This coupling device 1 is used in a connecting portion between a lathe spindle 2 and a chuck 3. In FIG. 1, the lathe has a spindle stock 4 installed on a bed (not shown), and the spindle 2 is rotatably supported on the spindle stock 4 by a plurality of rolling bearings 5 and 6. Then, the chuck 3 is detachably connected to the shaft head 2 a having a large diameter at the front end of the main shaft 2 via the coupling device 1. FIG. 1 shows a state where the main shaft 2 and the chuck 3 are separated.

主軸２は中空軸であって、その中空孔２ｂに、カップリング装置１の連結および分離操作を行うカップリング操作機構７と、チャック３のチャック爪１１の開閉操作を行うチャック爪開閉機構８とが設けられている。これらカップリング操作機構７およびチャック爪開閉機構８については後で説明する。 The main shaft 2 is a hollow shaft, and a coupling operation mechanism 7 for connecting and separating the coupling device 1 to the hollow hole 2b, and a chuck claw opening / closing mechanism 8 for opening / closing the chuck claw 11 of the chuck 3; Is provided. The coupling operation mechanism 7 and the chuck claw opening / closing mechanism 8 will be described later.

チャック３は、チャック本体１０に、互いに連動して半径方向に移動して開閉動作を行う複数のチャック爪１１を設けたものである。複数のチャック爪１１は、円周方向に等間隔で並んでいる。チャック本体１０の中央部に軸方向に移動可能な開閉操作部材１２が設けられ、この開閉操作部材１２の軸方向の移動動作が動作変換機構１３によりチャック爪１１の互いに連動する半径方向の移動動作に変換される。具体的には、開閉操作部材１２が前進すると各チャック爪１１が開き動作し、後退すると各チャック爪１１が閉じ動作する。開閉操作部材１２の背面から、係合突起１４が後方に突出している。係合突起１４は、後端部に外周側へ膨らむ膨らみ部１４ａを有し、かつ後端面の中央部に凹部１４ｂを有する。この係合突起１４に前記チャック爪開閉機構８が作用することで、開閉操作部材１２が進退動作する。 The chuck 3 is provided with a plurality of chuck claws 11 that are opened and closed by moving in the radial direction in conjunction with each other on the chuck body 10. The plurality of chuck claws 11 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. An opening / closing operation member 12 that is movable in the axial direction is provided at the center of the chuck body 10, and the movement operation in the axial direction of the opening / closing operation member 12 is performed by the operation converting mechanism 13 in the radial movement direction in which the chuck claws 11 are interlocked with each other. Is converted to Specifically, when the opening / closing operation member 12 moves forward, each chuck claw 11 opens, and when it moves backward, each chuck claw 11 closes. An engagement protrusion 14 protrudes rearward from the back surface of the opening / closing operation member 12. The engaging protrusion 14 has a bulging portion 14a that bulges toward the outer peripheral side at the rear end portion, and a concave portion 14b at the center portion of the rear end surface. When the chuck claw opening / closing mechanism 8 acts on the engaging projection 14, the opening / closing operation member 12 moves forward and backward.

また、チャック本体１０には、開閉操作部材１２の動作に関係無く各チャック爪１１を閉じる側に付勢するチャック爪付勢手段１５が設けられている。チャック爪付勢手段１５は、例えば圧縮コイルばねからなる。このチャック爪付勢手段１５は、チャック３が主軸２から分離されてチャック爪開閉機構８の作用が開閉操作部材１２に及ばないときでも、チャック爪１１がワークＷを把持した状態に維持可能とするものである。 The chuck body 10 is provided with a chuck claw urging means 15 that urges each chuck claw 11 toward the closing side regardless of the operation of the opening / closing operation member 12. The chuck claw urging means 15 is made of, for example, a compression coil spring. The chuck claw biasing means 15 can maintain the chuck claw 11 in the state of gripping the workpiece W even when the chuck 3 is separated from the main shaft 2 and the action of the chuck claw opening / closing mechanism 8 does not reach the opening / closing operation member 12. To do.

カップリング装置１は、主軸２の軸頭部２ａの前端面にボルト１６で固定された環状の第１部材２１と、チャック本体１０の背面にボルト１７で固定された環状の第２部材２２とでなる。第１部材２１の内周縁部には、前方すなわち第１、第２両部材２１，２２が連結した状態における第２部材２２の側に突出する円筒状の突出縁２３が設けられ、この突出縁２３の円周方向複数箇所に半径方向に貫通する貫通孔２４が開けられている。貫通孔２４には、半径方向に移動自在にボール２５が収容されている。ボール２５の一部は貫通孔２４から外周側へ突出可能ではあるが、ボール２５が完全に貫通孔２４から逸脱することがないように、貫通孔２４は外端側が先狭まり形状とされている。 The coupling device 1 includes an annular first member 21 fixed to the front end surface of the shaft head 2a of the main shaft 2 with a bolt 16, and an annular second member 22 fixed to the back surface of the chuck body 10 with a bolt 17. It becomes. The inner peripheral edge of the first member 21 is provided with a cylindrical protruding edge 23 that protrudes forward, that is, toward the second member 22 when both the first and second members 21 and 22 are connected. Through holes 24 penetrating in the radial direction are formed at a plurality of circumferential positions of 23. A ball 25 is accommodated in the through hole 24 so as to be movable in the radial direction. Although a part of the ball 25 can protrude from the through hole 24 to the outer peripheral side, the outer end side of the through hole 24 is tapered so that the ball 25 does not completely deviate from the through hole 24. .

一方、第２部材２２は、内周面に環状の突出部分からなる最小内径部２６を有し、この最小内径部２６の内径である最小内径が前記突出縁２３の外径と同じか、または若干大きい寸法とされ、突出縁２３の外周に嵌合可能である。第２部材２２の最小内径部２６は、後端部すなわち第１、第２両部材２１，２２が連結した状態における第１部材２１の側の端部に位置する。最小内径部２６から後端面にかけての内周面は、断面円弧状の面取り部２７になっている。最小内径部２６よりも前側の内周面は、最小内径部２６の前方側の段面を構成し前方へ行くほど大径となるテーパ状部２８と、このテーパ状部２８に続く一定内径の大径部２９とでなる。 On the other hand, the second member 22 has a minimum inner diameter portion 26 formed of an annular protruding portion on the inner peripheral surface, and the minimum inner diameter that is the inner diameter of the minimum inner diameter portion 26 is the same as the outer diameter of the protruding edge 23, or The size is slightly larger and can be fitted to the outer periphery of the protruding edge 23. The minimum inner diameter portion 26 of the second member 22 is located at the rear end portion, that is, the end portion on the first member 21 side in a state where the first and second members 21 and 22 are connected. An inner peripheral surface from the minimum inner diameter portion 26 to the rear end surface is a chamfered portion 27 having an arcuate cross section. The inner peripheral surface on the front side of the minimum inner diameter portion 26 constitutes a stepped surface on the front side of the minimum inner diameter portion 26, and has a tapered portion 28 that increases in diameter toward the front, and has a constant inner diameter following the tapered portion 28. It consists of a large diameter portion 29.

第１部材２１および第２部材２２の対向面には、それぞれ複数の歯３１，３２が同心の円周上に設けられている。図１（Ｂ），（Ｃ）にそれぞれ示すように、第１部材２１の歯３１は軸方向と直交する面から見て扇形であり、第２部材２２の歯３２は軸方向と直交する面から見て略長方形である。また、図２に示すように、第１、第２両部材２１，２２の歯３１，３２は、円周方向の断面形状が略台形状をしており、台形の斜辺となる側面３１ａ，３２ａが互いに接して噛み合う。歯３１，３２が互いに噛み合うことで、第１、第２両部材２１，２２の円周方向の位置決めがなされる。 On the opposing surfaces of the first member 21 and the second member 22, a plurality of teeth 31 and 32 are provided on a concentric circumference, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, the teeth 31 of the first member 21 are fan-shaped when viewed from a plane orthogonal to the axial direction, and the teeth 32 of the second member 22 are planes orthogonal to the axial direction. It is a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the top. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the teeth 31 and 32 of the first and second members 21 and 22 have a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape in the circumferential direction, and side surfaces 31a and 32a serving as hypotenuses of the trapezoid. Mesh with each other. Since the teeth 31 and 32 are engaged with each other, the first and second members 21 and 22 are positioned in the circumferential direction.

この例では、加工上の都合から、第１、第２両部材２１，２２共に、歯３１，３２の列を構成する環状の歯列構成部２１ａ，２２ａが環状の本体部２１ｂ，２２ｂと別体で形成されており、これら歯列構成部２１ａ，２２ａおよび本体部２１ｂ，２２ｂはボルト１６，１７で締結されている。歯列構成部２１ａ，２２ａは、本体部２１ｂ，２２ｂに設けられた環状溝に嵌合し、上記ボルト１６，１７で締結される。ボルト１６，１７は、歯列構成部２１ａ，２２ａにおける歯３１，３２と歯３１，３２の間の歯底部分に設けてある。ボルト１６は、第１部材２１を主軸２の軸頭部２ａに固定する役目も有する。第１、第２両部材２１，２２は、それぞれ全体を一体に形成したものであってもよい。 In this example, for the sake of processing, the first and second members 21 and 22 are configured such that the annular tooth row constituting portions 21a and 22a constituting the rows of the teeth 31 and 32 are separated from the annular main body portions 21b and 22b. The dentition component parts 21 a and 22 a and the main body parts 21 b and 22 b are fastened by bolts 16 and 17. The dentition component parts 21a, 22a are fitted into annular grooves provided in the main body parts 21b, 22b and fastened by the bolts 16, 17. The bolts 16 and 17 are provided at the root portion between the teeth 31 and 32 and the teeth 31 and 32 in the dentition component portions 21a and 22a. The bolt 16 also has a function of fixing the first member 21 to the shaft head 2 a of the main shaft 2. The first and second members 21 and 22 may be integrally formed as a whole.

また、第１部材２１および第２部材２２の対向面における歯３１，３２の列の外周側の本体部２１ｂ，２２ｂには、互いに軸方向に向き合う当接面３３ａ，３４ａを有する当接部３３，３４がそれぞれ設けられている。当接部３３，３４は、全周にわたって設けられている。第１、第２両部材２１，２２が前記歯３１，３２の列の噛み合いにより連結された状態において、それぞれの当接部３３，３４が当接面３３ａ，３４ａで当接することにより、第１、第２両部材２１，２２の軸方向の位置決めがなされる。 Further, the abutment portion 33 having abutment surfaces 33a and 34a facing each other in the axial direction on the body portions 21b and 22b on the outer peripheral side of the row of teeth 31 and 32 on the opposing surfaces of the first member 21 and the second member 22. , 34 are provided. The contact portions 33 and 34 are provided over the entire circumference. In a state where the first and second members 21 and 22 are connected by the meshing of the rows of the teeth 31 and 32, the contact portions 33 and 34 abut on the contact surfaces 33a and 34a, respectively. The second both members 21 and 22 are positioned in the axial direction.

第１部材２１の歯３１には、歯３１の剛性を低下させる肉取り部３５が設けられている。この実施形態の肉取り部３５は、歯３１の先端面３１ｂの中央部に形成された半径方向に沿うＶ字状の溝である。溝の深さは、歯３１の根元の深さよりも少し深い程度とされている。肉取り部３５を設けて歯３１の剛性を低下させることにより、第１、第２両部材２１，２２の歯３１，３２が互いに噛み合って歯の側面３１ａに荷重がかかったときに、歯３１が周方向に弾性変形しやすくなる。歯３１，３２は略台形の断面形状であるため、変形分だけ歯３１，３２の噛み合いが深くなって第１、第２両部材２１，２２の軸方向距離が接近し、第１、第２両部材２１，２２の当接部３３，３４を確実に接触させることができる。それにより、第１、第２両部材２１，２２間で大きな軸方向荷重を受けることができ、また軸方向の位置決めが確実なものとなる。この実施形態では、第１部材２１の歯３１にだけ肉取り部３５が設けられているが、第２部材２２の歯３２にも肉取り部３５を設けてもよい。 The teeth 31 of the first member 21 are provided with a meat removal portion 35 that reduces the rigidity of the teeth 31. The meat removal portion 35 of this embodiment is a V-shaped groove formed in the center portion of the tip surface 31 b of the tooth 31 along the radial direction. The depth of the groove is a little deeper than the depth of the root of the tooth 31. By providing the meat removal portion 35 to reduce the rigidity of the tooth 31, when the teeth 31 and 32 of the first and second members 21 and 22 mesh with each other and a load is applied to the side surface 31a of the tooth 31, the tooth 31 Becomes easily elastically deformed in the circumferential direction. Since the teeth 31 and 32 have a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, the meshing of the teeth 31 and 32 is deepened by the amount of deformation, and the axial distance between the first and second members 21 and 22 approaches, and the first and second The contact portions 33 and 34 of both members 21 and 22 can be reliably brought into contact with each other. Thereby, a large axial load can be received between the first and second members 21 and 22, and the axial positioning is ensured. In this embodiment, the meat removal portion 35 is provided only on the teeth 31 of the first member 21, but the meat removal portion 35 may be provided also on the teeth 32 of the second member 22.

肉取り部３５は、図７に示すようなスリット状の溝としてもよい。その場合も、半径方向の溝とすれば、歯３１の剛性を効果的に低下させられる。溝の数は複数であってもよい。また、図８に示すように、肉取り部３５を、歯３１の内部に設けた半径方向の貫通孔としても、歯３１の剛性を低下させることができる。 The meat removal part 35 is good also as a slit-shaped groove | channel as shown in FIG. Even in this case, the rigidity of the teeth 31 can be effectively reduced by using a radial groove. There may be a plurality of grooves. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the rigidity of the tooth 31 can be reduced even if the meat removing portion 35 is a radial through hole provided inside the tooth 31.

図１において、カップリング操作機構７は、摺動ガイド４０を介して主軸２の内周面に対し軸方向に進退自在でカップリング操作駆動源４１（図３）により進退駆動させられる筒状のカップリング用進退部材４２を有する。このカップリング用進退部材４２の前端外周のねじ部４２ａに、ボール係脱部材４３が螺着されている。ボール係脱部材４３も筒状で、その外周面における第１部材２１の前記貫通孔２４に対応する周方向位置に、前記ボール２５が嵌り込む半球状の凹部４４が形成されている。また、ボール係脱部材４３の内周面は、軸方向中央部の小径部４５と、小径部４５よりも先端側の大径部４６とを有する。小径部４５の内径は、カップリング用進退部材４２の内径とほぼ同じである。 In FIG. 1, a coupling operation mechanism 7 has a cylindrical shape that can be moved forward and backward in the axial direction with respect to the inner peripheral surface of the main shaft 2 via a sliding guide 40 and driven forward and backward by a coupling operation drive source 41 (FIG. 3). A coupling advance / retreat member 42 is provided. A ball engagement / disengagement member 43 is screwed to a screw portion 42a on the outer periphery of the front end of the coupling advance / retreat member 42. The ball engagement / disengagement member 43 is also cylindrical, and a hemispherical recess 44 into which the ball 25 is fitted is formed at a circumferential position corresponding to the through hole 24 of the first member 21 on the outer peripheral surface thereof. Further, the inner peripheral surface of the ball engagement / disengagement member 43 has a small diameter portion 45 at the central portion in the axial direction and a large diameter portion 46 on the tip side of the small diameter portion 45. The inner diameter of the small diameter portion 45 is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the coupling advance / retreat member 42.

図１に示す、主軸２に対してチャック３が分離された状態では、ボール係脱部材４３の凹部４４が第１部材２１の貫通孔２４と軸方向同位置にある。そのため、貫通孔２４内のボール２５の内周側の一部が凹部４４に嵌まり込むことが可能である。ボール２５が凹部４４に嵌まり込めば、第１部材２１の突出縁２３の内側に第２部材２２が嵌合する際にボール２５が障害にならないため、図４に示すように、第１、第２両部材２１，２２の歯３１，３２が互いに噛み合い、かつ当接部３３，３４が互いに当接するまで、第１、第２両部材２１，２２を嵌合させることができる。第２部材２２の最小内径部２６から後端面にかけての内周面は面取り部２７になっているため、第１、第２両部材２１，２２の嵌合は円滑に行われる。 In the state shown in FIG. 1 where the chuck 3 is separated from the main shaft 2, the concave portion 44 of the ball engagement / disengagement member 43 is in the same axial position as the through hole 24 of the first member 21. Therefore, a part of the inner peripheral side of the ball 25 in the through hole 24 can be fitted into the recess 44. If the ball 25 fits into the recess 44, the ball 25 does not become an obstacle when the second member 22 is fitted inside the protruding edge 23 of the first member 21, so as shown in FIG. The first and second members 21 and 22 can be fitted until the teeth 31 and 32 of the second members 21 and 22 are engaged with each other and the contact portions 33 and 34 are in contact with each other. Since the inner peripheral surface from the minimum inner diameter portion 26 to the rear end surface of the second member 22 is a chamfered portion 27, the first and second members 21 and 22 are smoothly fitted.

図４の状態から、カップリング用進退部材４２を後方へ後退させると、ボール係脱部材４３の凹部４４からボール２５が押し出されて、ボール２５の一部が第１部材２１の貫通孔２４から外周側へ突出する。図５および図６に示すように、このボール２５の突出部分は、第２部材２２の内周面のテーパ状部２８に係合する。それにより、第１、第２両部材２１，２２の相対的な軸方向移動が拘束されて、カップリング装置１が一体化される。 When the coupling advance / retreat member 42 is moved backward from the state of FIG. 4, the ball 25 is pushed out from the recess 44 of the ball engagement / disengagement member 43, and a part of the ball 25 is removed from the through hole 24 of the first member 21. Projects to the outer periphery. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the protruding portion of the ball 25 engages with the tapered portion 28 on the inner peripheral surface of the second member 22. Thereby, the relative axial movement of the first and second members 21 and 22 is restricted, and the coupling device 1 is integrated.

チャック爪開閉機構８は、チャック爪閉じ操作駆動源５０（図３）により軸方向に進退駆動させられるチャック爪用進退部材５１と、このチャック爪用進退部材５１の前端外周のねじ部５１ａに螺着され、外周面が前記カップリング用進退部材４２の内周面に摺動自在に接する摺動部材５２と、この摺動部材５２の先端寄りの小径部５２ａとカップリング用進退部材４２との間に設けたチャックドローバ先端部材５３とを備える。チャック爪用進退部材５１と摺動部材５２とチャックドローバ先端部材５３とで、チャックドローバを構成する。チャックドローバ先端部材５３は、円周方向に並べて配置された複数のドローバ分割体５４からなり、各ドローバ分割体５４の基部５４ａを結束部材５５によって結束してある。ドローバ分割体５４の基部５４ａは摺動部材５２の小径部５２ａの前後両側の段面に挟まれており、チャックドローバ先端部材５３は軸方向の移動が拘束されている。ドローバ分割体５４は、基部５４ａから前方に延び、その先端部に内外両方に膨らんだ膨らみ部５４ｂが設けられている。ドローバ分割体５４は、全体的に弾性を有する。 The chuck claw opening / closing mechanism 8 is screwed into a chuck claw advance / retreat member 51 that is advanced / retracted in the axial direction by a chuck claw closing operation drive source 50 (FIG. 3), and a threaded portion 51a on the outer periphery of the front end of the chuck claw advance / retreat member 51. A sliding member 52, the outer peripheral surface of which is slidably in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the coupling advance / retreat member 42; a small diameter portion 52a near the tip of the slide member 52; and the coupling advance / retreat member 42 And a chuck drawbar tip member 53 provided therebetween. The chuck claw advance / retreat member 51, the sliding member 52, and the chuck draw bar tip member 53 constitute a chuck draw bar. The chuck drawbar tip member 53 includes a plurality of drawbar divided bodies 54 arranged side by side in the circumferential direction, and a base portion 54 a of each drawbar divided body 54 is bound by a binding member 55. The base portion 54a of the draw bar divided body 54 is sandwiched between the front and rear step surfaces of the small diameter portion 52a of the sliding member 52, and the chuck draw bar tip member 53 is restrained from moving in the axial direction. The drawbar divided body 54 extends forward from the base portion 54a, and a bulging portion 54b bulging both inside and outside is provided at a tip portion thereof. The drawbar divided body 54 has elasticity as a whole.

また、前記チャック爪用進退部材５１の内部にはシリンダ室５６が形成され、このシリンダ室５６内にピストン５７が軸方向に摺動自在に設けられている。シリンダ室５６とピストン５７とで、チャック爪開動作用駆動源を構成する。ピストン５７にはロッド５８が取付けられ、このロッド５８は摺動部材５２を貫通して前方に突出している。ピストン５７は、ピストン付勢ばね５９により前方に付勢されている。シリンダ室５６内にオイル等の流体を供給する流体供給路６０は、チャック爪用進退部材５１の内部を軸方向に貫通させて設けられている。 A cylinder chamber 56 is formed inside the chuck claw advance / retreat member 51, and a piston 57 is slidably provided in the cylinder chamber 56 in the axial direction. The cylinder chamber 56 and the piston 57 constitute a chuck pawl opening drive source. A rod 58 is attached to the piston 57, and this rod 58 passes through the sliding member 52 and projects forward. The piston 57 is biased forward by a piston biasing spring 59. A fluid supply path 60 for supplying a fluid such as oil into the cylinder chamber 56 is provided so as to penetrate the inside of the chuck claw advance / retreat member 51 in the axial direction.

図１に示す、主軸２に対してチャック３が分離された状態では、チャックドローバ先端部材５３のドローバ分割体５４の膨らみ部５４ｂが前記ボール係脱部材４３の大径部４６と同じ軸方向位置にあり、各ドローバ分割体５４は真っ直ぐに前方へ延びている。そのため、図４および図５に示すようにカップリング装置１の第１部材２１と第２部材２２とを連結する過程で、チャック３の係合突起１４がチャックドローバ先端部材５３に当たらない。第１、第２両部材２１，２２の連結に伴い、係合突起１４の凹部１４ｂにロッド５８の先端が係合する。
図１の状態では、ピストン５７が、ピストン付勢ばね５９により前方に付勢されて、シリンダ室５６内の移動範囲の前端に位置している。このときのロッド５８の先端は、カップリング装置１の第１部材２１の歯３１における第２部材２２の歯３２との噛み合い中心の軸方向位置よりも、Δｚだけ前方に位置する。 In a state where the chuck 3 is separated from the main shaft 2 shown in FIG. Each drawbar divided body 54 extends straight forward. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the engaging protrusion 14 of the chuck 3 does not hit the chuck drawbar tip member 53 in the process of connecting the first member 21 and the second member 22 of the coupling device 1. As the first and second members 21 and 22 are connected, the tip of the rod 58 is engaged with the recess 14b of the engagement protrusion 14.
In the state of FIG. 1, the piston 57 is biased forward by the piston biasing spring 59 and is located at the front end of the moving range in the cylinder chamber 56. The tip of the rod 58 at this time is positioned forward by Δz with respect to the axial position of the tooth 31 of the first member 21 of the coupling device 1 at the center of engagement with the tooth 32 of the second member 22.

図５の状態から、チャック爪用進退部材５１を後退させると、チャックドローバ先端部材５３の各ドローバ分割体５４の膨らみ部５４ｂがボール係脱部材４３の小径部４５によって内側に押されて、ドローバ分割体５４の先端側が内側に撓む。それにより、図６に示すように、ドローバ分割体５４の膨らみ部５４ｂが係合突起１４の膨らみ部１４ａに係合する。さらに、チャック爪用進退部材５１を後退させると、チャックドローバ先端部材５３が係合突起１４を後方へ引っ張ることで、開閉操作部材１２が後退し、各チャック爪１１が閉じ動作をする。それにより、チャック爪付勢手段１５による把持力に加えて、チャック爪閉じ操作駆動源５０（図３）の流体圧による強い把持力で、各チャック爪１１がワークＷを把持する。なお、チャック爪用進退部材５１を後退させると、その後退分だけピストン５７がピストン付勢ばね５９の弾性反発力で前進するため、係合突起１４の凹部１４ｂにロッド５８の先端が係合した状態に保たれる。 When the chuck claw advance / retreat member 51 is retracted from the state of FIG. 5, the bulging portions 54 b of the draw bar divided bodies 54 of the chuck draw bar tip member 53 are pushed inward by the small diameter portion 45 of the ball engagement / disengagement member 43. The distal end side of the divided body 54 bends inward. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 6, the bulging portion 54 b of the draw bar divided body 54 engages with the bulging portion 14 a of the engaging protrusion 14. Further, when the chuck claw advance / retreat member 51 is retracted, the chuck draw bar tip member 53 pulls the engagement protrusion 14 backward, whereby the opening / closing operation member 12 is retracted, and each chuck claw 11 is closed. Thereby, in addition to the gripping force by the chuck pawl urging means 15, each chuck pawl 11 grips the workpiece W with a strong gripping force due to the fluid pressure of the chuck pawl closing operation drive source 50 (FIG. 3). When the chuck claw advance / retreat member 51 is retracted, the piston 57 is advanced by the elastic repulsive force of the piston urging spring 59 by the retracted amount, so that the tip of the rod 58 is engaged with the recess 14b of the engagement protrusion 14. Kept in a state.

図６の状態からチャック爪用進退部材５１を前進させることで、チャック爪閉じ操作駆動源５０による各チャック爪１１の閉じ動作が解除されて、図５の状態に戻る。その状態でピストン５７を前方へ移動させると、ロッド５８が係合突起１４を前方に押すことで、開閉操作部材１２が前進し、チャック爪付勢手段１５の付勢力に抗して各チャック爪１１が開き動作をする。 By advancing the chuck claw advance / retreat member 51 from the state of FIG. 6, the closing operation of each chuck claw 11 by the chuck claw closing operation drive source 50 is released, and the state returns to the state of FIG. When the piston 57 is moved forward in this state, the rod 58 pushes the engagement protrusion 14 forward, whereby the opening / closing operation member 12 moves forward, and each chuck claw is resisted against the urging force of the chuck claw urging means 15. 11 opens.

図３は、カップリング操作機構７およびチャック爪開閉機構８の駆動部の１例を示す概略構成図である。カップリング操作駆動源４１は、例えば油圧シリンダ等の流体圧シリンダであり、固定して設けられたシリンダ本体４１ａのシリンダ室内に、前記カップリング用進退部材４２の後端に固定されたピストン４１ｂが軸方向に摺動自在かつ軸回りに回転自在に嵌合している。シリンダ室へは流体供給路４１ｃより流体が供給される。チャック爪閉じ操作駆動源５０も、例えば油圧シリンダ等の流体圧シリンダであり、固定して設けられたシリンダ本体５０ａのシリンダ室内に、前記チャック爪用進退部材５１に固定されたピストン５０ｂが軸方向に摺動自在かつ軸回りに回転自在に嵌合している。シリンダ室へは流体供給路５０ｃより流体が供給される。 FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of the drive unit of the coupling operation mechanism 7 and the chuck pawl opening / closing mechanism 8. The coupling operation drive source 41 is a fluid pressure cylinder such as a hydraulic cylinder, for example, and a piston 41b fixed to the rear end of the coupling advance / retreat member 42 is provided in a cylinder chamber of a cylinder body 41a fixedly provided. It is fitted so as to be slidable in the axial direction and rotatable about the axis. Fluid is supplied to the cylinder chamber from the fluid supply path 41c. The chuck claw closing operation drive source 50 is also a fluid pressure cylinder such as a hydraulic cylinder, for example, and a piston 50b fixed to the chuck claw advance / retreat member 51 is axially disposed in a cylinder chamber of a fixed cylinder body 50a. Are slidable and rotatable about an axis. Fluid is supplied to the cylinder chamber from the fluid supply path 50c.

ワークＷの加工は、各チャック爪１１でワークＷを把持した状態で行う。このとき、図６（Ｂ）の部分拡大図に示すように、カップリング装置１の第１部材２１と第２部材２２のそれぞれ外周に位置する当接部３３，３４が、全周にわたって設けた当接面３３ａ，３４ａで互いに接するため、当接部３３，３４の内周側に位置する第１、第２両部材２１，２２の歯３１，３２が外部から完全に遮蔽された状態となる。このため、加工時に生じる切粉等の異物が歯３１，３２の噛み合い部に侵入することを防ぐことができ、第１、第２両部材２１，２２の円周方向位置および軸方向位置が正確に位置決めされた状態を維持できる。また、第１部材２１および第２部材２２は回転自在に支持された部材すなわち回転体であり、この回転体である第１部材２１および第２部材２２の円周方向位置を正確に位置決めすることにより、回転時における第１、第２両部材２１，２２の位相のずれを無くして、回転精度を向上させることができる。 The workpiece W is processed in a state in which the workpiece W is gripped by each chuck claw 11. At this time, as shown in the partially enlarged view of FIG. 6B, the contact portions 33 and 34 located on the outer circumferences of the first member 21 and the second member 22 of the coupling device 1 are provided over the entire circumference. Since the contact surfaces 33a and 34a contact each other, the teeth 31 and 32 of the first and second members 21 and 22 located on the inner peripheral side of the contact portions 33 and 34 are completely shielded from the outside. . For this reason, foreign matter such as chips generated during processing can be prevented from entering the meshing portions of the teeth 31 and 32, and the circumferential position and the axial position of the first and second members 21 and 22 are accurate. It is possible to maintain the state of positioning. The first member 21 and the second member 22 are rotatably supported members, that is, rotating bodies, and the circumferential positions of the first member 21 and the second member 22 that are the rotating bodies are accurately positioned. Thus, the phase difference between the first and second members 21 and 22 during rotation can be eliminated, and the rotation accuracy can be improved.

このカップリング装置１を備えた旋盤は、主軸２からのチャック３の分離および連結が容易であるため、ワークＷに応じてチャック３を交換するのに限らず、以下に示す運用が可能となる。すなわち、ワークＷを把持したままチャック３を交換することにより、１つのチャック３を主軸２に装着してワークＷの加工作業を行う間に、他のチャック３に対してワークＷの着脱およびチャック３の洗浄作業等を行うことができる。それにより、加工能率の向上が図れる。主軸２からチャック３が外れた状態にあるときは、各チャック爪１１を閉じる側に付勢するチャック爪付勢手段１５の力でワークＷが保持される。 Since the lathe equipped with this coupling device 1 can easily separate and connect the chuck 3 from the main shaft 2, the lathe is not limited to replacing the chuck 3 in accordance with the workpiece W, and can be operated as described below. . That is, by exchanging the chuck 3 while holding the workpiece W, the workpiece W can be attached to and detached from other chucks 3 while the one chuck 3 is mounted on the spindle 2 and the workpiece W is processed. 3 cleaning operations and the like can be performed. As a result, the processing efficiency can be improved. When the chuck 3 is detached from the main shaft 2, the workpiece W is held by the force of the chuck claw urging means 15 that urges each chuck claw 11 toward the closing side.

上記各実施形態は、この発明のカップリング装置１を旋盤の主軸２とチャック３を連結する連結部に用いた例を示したが、この発明のカップリング装置１は、他の工作機械またはそれ以外の機械にも適用できる。また、カップリング装置１の第１部材２１および第２部材２２は、回転体でなくてもよい。 Although each said embodiment showed the example which used the coupling apparatus 1 of this invention for the connection part which connects the spindle 2 and the chuck | zipper 3 of a lathe, the coupling apparatus 1 of this invention is another machine tool or it. It can be applied to other machines. Moreover, the 1st member 21 and the 2nd member 22 of the coupling apparatus 1 may not be a rotary body.

１…カップリング装置
２…主軸
３…チャック
２１…第１部材
２２…第２部材
３１，３２…歯
３３，３４…当接部
３３ａ，３４ａ…当接面
３５…肉取り部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Coupling apparatus 2 ... Main shaft 3 ... Chuck 21 ... 1st member 22 ... 2nd member 31, 32 ... Teeth 33, 34 ... Contact part 33a, 34a ... Contact surface 35 ... Meat removal part

Claims

軸方向に並んで対向し相対的に軸方向に移動させて互いに連結および分離させる第１部材および第２部材を備え、これら両部材の対向面に、互いに噛み合って両部材の円周方向の位置決めをする歯の列を同心の円周上にそれぞれ設け、かつ両部材が前記歯の列の噛み合いにより連結された状態において互いに軸方向に向き合う当接面で当接して両部材の軸方向の位置決めをする当接部をそれぞれ設け、前記当接部は、前記歯の列の外周側にあって全周にわたって設けたカップリング装置。 A first member and a second member, which are arranged side by side in the axial direction and are relatively moved in the axial direction to be connected to and separated from each other, are engaged with each other on the opposing surfaces of these members and positioned in the circumferential direction. In the state where both teeth are arranged on concentric circumferences, and both members are connected by the meshing of the teeth, the two abutting surfaces are in contact with each other in the axial direction, and the two members are positioned in the axial direction. The coupling device is provided over the entire circumference on the outer peripheral side of the row of teeth.

前記第１部材および第２部材が、それぞれ回転自在に支持された部材である請求項１記載のカップリング装置。 The coupling device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first member and the second member is a member that is rotatably supported.

前記第１部材および第２部材は、旋盤の主軸とチャックとにそれぞれ取付けられ、これら主軸をチャックとを分離可能に連結する連結部を構成する請求項１または請求項２記載のカップリング装置。 3. The coupling device according to claim 1, wherein the first member and the second member are respectively attached to a main shaft and a chuck of a lathe and constitute a connecting portion that detachably connects the main shaft to the chuck.