JP5345095B2 - Contact switch - Google Patents

Contact switch Download PDF

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JP5345095B2
JP5345095B2 JP2010078528A JP2010078528A JP5345095B2 JP 5345095 B2 JP5345095 B2 JP 5345095B2 JP 2010078528 A JP2010078528 A JP 2010078528A JP 2010078528 A JP2010078528 A JP 2010078528A JP 5345095 B2 JP5345095 B2 JP 5345095B2
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contact
movable
tip
movable contact
fixed
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JP2011210611A (en
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秀明 大久保
直樹 伊藤
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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本発明は、電源と負荷の間を閉路および開路することに使用される接点開閉器に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a contact switch used for closing and opening a power source and a load.

従来、接点開閉器の接触信頼性を向上させる手段として、接点の先端に尖った凸部を設け、接触面積を小さくする方法が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   Conventionally, as a means for improving the contact reliability of a contact switch, a method of providing a pointed protrusion at the tip of a contact to reduce the contact area is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).

一定の接触力が加えられる場合において、接触面積が小さいほど接触圧力が大きくなるため接触時の信頼性が向上する。また、接触面積が小さいほど絶縁体で形成された異物を可動接点−固定接点間に噛み込む確率が低減するため、接触不良を起こし難くなる。   When a constant contact force is applied, the smaller the contact area, the greater the contact pressure, so the reliability during contact is improved. In addition, the smaller the contact area, the lower the probability that a foreign object formed of an insulator will be caught between the movable contact and the fixed contact, so that contact failure is less likely to occur.

図６は、従来の可動接点の横断面図である。図６に示す可動接点１１Ａの断面形状は、なるべく接触面積を小さくすべく略三角形の突起形状になっている。そして、三角形の突起形状の頂点は約２ｍｍの曲率半径の湾曲面に形成されている。また、接点材質は純度９９．９％以上のＡｇが用いられている。これは、低電圧低電流領域で使用する場合、接点開閉時に発生するアークエネルギーが弱く接点表面に発生する酸化皮膜を十分に破壊できない場合があり接触不良の原因となるため、これを抑制すべく、なるべくイオン化傾向が小さく錆び難いＡｇを採用していたためである。   FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional movable contact. The cross-sectional shape of the movable contact 11A shown in FIG. 6 is a substantially triangular protrusion shape so as to make the contact area as small as possible. The apex of the triangular protrusion is formed on a curved surface having a radius of curvature of about 2 mm. Further, Ag having a purity of 99.9% or more is used as the contact material. This is because, when used in a low voltage, low current region, the arc energy generated at the time of opening and closing the contact may be weak, and the oxide film generated on the contact surface may not be sufficiently destroyed. This is because Ag, which has a small ionization tendency and is difficult to rust, is used.

特開昭５８−１２２１９号公報JP 58-12219 A

しかしながら、従来の可動接点の断面形状における略三角形の突起の頂点が約２ｍｍの曲率半径の湾曲面に形成されていたことから、突起先端が広くなだらかな形状となっており、接触面積を小さくするという目的を十分に果たせていないという課題があった。   However, since the apex of the substantially triangular projection in the cross-sectional shape of the conventional movable contact is formed on a curved surface having a radius of curvature of about 2 mm, the tip of the projection has a wide and gentle shape, reducing the contact area. There was a problem that the purpose of not fulfilling enough.

また、材質が純度９９．９％以上のＡｇであり軟らかいため、接点の開閉回数が増えるにつれて頂点がつぶれ、さらに突起先端の平滑化が進み、接触面積が徐々に大となってしまうという課題があった。   In addition, since the material is Ag with a purity of 99.9% or more and is soft, the apex collapses as the number of times the contacts are opened and closed, and further, the tip of the protrusion is further smoothed, and the contact area gradually increases. there were.

また、材質が軟らかいことから、硬い絶縁体で形成された異物を可動接点−固定接点間に噛み込んでしまうと、接点内に異物が埋まり込み外れず、その部分が接触点となることで接触不良を頻発させてしまうことがあるという課題があった。   In addition, since the material is soft, if a foreign object formed of a hard insulator is caught between the movable contact and the fixed contact, the foreign object will not be embedded in the contact and the contact will become a contact point. There has been a problem that defects may occur frequently.

そこで、上記課題を解決すべく、可動接点の断面形状における略三角形の突起の頂点を鋭角化し接点材質を十分硬度の高い金属にすると、接触面積が小さくかつ小さな接触面積を維持することができるため、一般的には従来の可動接点よりも接触信頼性が向上する。しかしながら、所定以下の低い電圧・電流で使用する場合においては、逆に従来の可動接点よりも接触信頼性が低下する領域が存在するという問題があった。   Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, if the apex of the substantially triangular protrusion in the cross-sectional shape of the movable contact is sharpened and the contact material is made of a sufficiently hard metal, the contact area can be reduced and a small contact area can be maintained. Generally, the contact reliability is improved as compared with the conventional movable contact. However, when used at a voltage or current lower than a predetermined value, there is a problem that there is a region where the contact reliability is lower than that of a conventional movable contact.

つまり、低電圧低電流領域での使用においては、図７に示すように、従来は硬い絶縁体の異物Ｚを噛み込んでも、軟らかい材質（Ａｇ）で作成された可動接点１１Ｂ凹むことで、可動接点１１Ｂ−固定接点５間の空間距離Ｄ１が小さくなり、絶縁破壊が発生することにより導通を確保できる場合があった。しかし、単純に突起頂点の鋭角化かつ材質硬度化を図った接点は、図８に示すように、突起頂点を鋭角化しているため接触点以外の可動接点１１Ｃ−固定接点５間の空間距離Ｄ２が従来よりも大であり、なおかつ硬い絶縁体の異物Ｚを噛みこんでも接点の凹む量は少ないため、絶縁破壊による導通確保が得られ難い。そのため、従来の可動接点よりも接触信頼性が低下してしまうという課題があった。   In other words, when used in a low voltage, low current region, as shown in FIG. 7, the movable contact 11B made of a soft material (Ag) is recessed even if the foreign object Z, which has been a hard insulator, is bitten in the past. In some cases, the space distance D1 between the contact 11B and the fixed contact 5 is reduced, and electrical conduction can be ensured by the occurrence of dielectric breakdown. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the contact point that is simply sharpened at the protrusion apex and made of material hardness has an acute apex at the protrusion apex, so that the spatial distance D2 between the movable contact 11C and the fixed contact 5 other than the contact point is as shown in FIG. However, even when a foreign object Z of a hard insulator is bitten, the amount of contact dent is small, and it is difficult to ensure conduction by dielectric breakdown. Therefore, the subject that contact reliability fell rather than the conventional movable contact occurred.

本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであって、固定接点と可動接点との接触信頼性の向上を図ることができる接点開閉器を提供することを目的とする。   This invention is made | formed in view of the above, Comprising: It aims at providing the contact switch which can aim at the improvement of the contact reliability of a fixed contact and a movable contact.

上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するために、本発明にかかる接点開閉器は、固定接点が設けられた固定接触子と、固定接点と対向し固定接点と接離する可動接点が設けられた可動接触子とを備えた接点開閉器において、可動接点は、固定接点と接触する先端部が、先端角を構成する２辺の成す角度が１５６°から１６６°の範囲で且つ頂部先端が曲率半径０．１ｍｍ以下の円弧の概略三角形の断面形状の有する柱状を成し、少なくとも先端部側に、硬質材にて形成された硬質本体層を有する接点本体と、硬質本体層の先端側の表面に、軟質材にて硬質本体層より薄く且つ接点本体の厚さの約１割の厚さに形成された軟質表面層と、を備えたことを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, a contact switch according to the present invention is provided with a fixed contact provided with a fixed contact and a movable contact facing the fixed contact and contacting and leaving the fixed contact. In the contact switch provided with the movable contact, the movable contact is such that the tip that contacts the fixed contact is in the range of 156 ° to 166 ° between the two sides constituting the tip angle, and the top tip is curved. A contact body having a hard body layer formed of a hard material at least on the tip side, and a surface on the tip side of the hard body layer. And a soft surface layer made of a soft material and thinner than the hard main body layer and about 10% of the thickness of the contact main body.

また、本発明にかかる接点開閉器は、固定接点が設けられた固定接触子と、固定接点と対向し固定接点と接離する可動接点が設けられた可動接触子とを備えた接点開閉器において、可動接触子は、先端側から形成されたスリットにより先端部が二叉状に分割された可動端子板と、分割された可動端子板の先端部に各々搭載された可動接点とを有し、スリットは、第１の幅で可動端子板の基部を分割し、第１の幅より大きい第２の幅で可動端子板の先端部を分割することを特徴とする。   The contact switch according to the present invention is a contact switch provided with a fixed contact provided with a fixed contact and a movable contact provided with a movable contact facing the fixed contact and contacting and leaving the fixed contact. The movable contact has a movable terminal plate whose tip is divided into two forks by a slit formed from the tip side, and a movable contact mounted on each tip of the divided movable terminal plate, The slit is characterized in that the base portion of the movable terminal plate is divided by a first width and the tip portion of the movable terminal plate is divided by a second width larger than the first width.

本発明によれば、固定接点と可動接点との接触信頼性の向上を図ることができるという効果を奏する。   According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the contact reliability between the fixed contact and the movable contact.

図１は、本発明にかかる接点開閉器の基礎的な構造を示す横断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of a contact switch according to the present invention. 図２は、図１の接点開閉器の可動接触子及び固定接触子の斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the movable contact and the fixed contact of the contact switch of FIG. 図３は、図２の可動接触子が固定接触子に接触する様子を示す側面図である。FIG. 3 is a side view showing a state where the movable contact shown in FIG. 2 contacts the fixed contact. 図４は、実施の形態１の可動接点の断面形状を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional shape of the movable contact according to the first embodiment. 図５は、本発明にかかる接点開閉器の実施の形態２の可動接触子の構造を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of the movable contact according to the second embodiment of the contact switch according to the present invention. 図６は、従来の可動接点の断面形状を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of a conventional movable contact. 図７は、従来の可動接点と固定接点との間に異物を噛み込んだ状態を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a state in which a foreign object is caught between a conventional movable contact and a fixed contact. 図８は、単純に突起頂点の鋭角化かつ材質硬度化を図った可動接点と固定接点との間に異物を噛み込んだ状態を示す図である。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state in which a foreign object is caught between a movable contact and a fixed contact which are simply made to have a sharpened apex and a material hardness. 図９は、実施の形態１の可動接点に対して比較のために用意した軟質表面層を削除した可動接点の断面形状を示す図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of the movable contact obtained by deleting the soft surface layer prepared for comparison with the movable contact of the first embodiment. 図１０は、実施の形態２の可動接触子の構造と比較の為に示す従来の可動接触子の構造を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a view showing a structure of a conventional movable contact shown for comparison with the structure of the movable contact of the second embodiment.

以下に、本発明にかかる接点開閉器の実施の形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なお、この実施の形態によりこの発明が限定されるものではない。   Embodiments of a contact switch according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

実施の形態１．
図１は、本発明にかかる接点開閉器の基礎的な構造を示す横断面図である。図２は、図１の接点開閉器の可動接触子及び固定接触子の斜視図である。図３は、図２の可動接触子が固定接触子に接触する様子を示す側面図である。 Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of a contact switch according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the movable contact and the fixed contact of the contact switch of FIG. FIG. 3 is a side view showing a state where the movable contact shown in FIG. 2 contacts the fixed contact.

図１に示すように、接点開閉器１００のケースは、固定鉄心１及び電磁コイル２などを設置する背面側ケース３と、接触子などを収容し背面側ケース３に被せる正面側ケース４とから成る。正面側ケース４の中段には、内側端に固定接点５、５が固着され、外側端に端子ねじ６、６を備えて外部接続端子となる一対の固定接触子７、７が、所定距離離間して固定されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the contact switch 100 includes a rear case 3 on which the fixed iron core 1 and the electromagnetic coil 2 are installed, and a front case 4 that houses contacts and covers the rear case 3. Become. In the middle of the front case 4, fixed contacts 5, 5 are fixed to the inner end, and a pair of fixed contacts 7, 7 having terminal screws 6, 6 on the outer end and serving as external connection terminals are separated by a predetermined distance. And fixed.

一対の固定接触子７、７の間、すなわち接点開閉器１００の中央には、可動接触子支持体８が設置されている。可動接触子支持体８は、その外側端が正面側ケース４のガイド孔４ａにガイドされ、図の上下方向に移動可能となっている。可動接触子支持体８の内側端には、可動鉄心９が取付けられている。   A movable contact support 8 is installed between the pair of fixed contacts 7, 7, that is, in the center of the contact switch 100. The outer end of the movable contact support 8 is guided in the guide hole 4a of the front case 4 and can move in the vertical direction in the figure. A movable iron core 9 is attached to the inner end of the movable contact support 8.

また、電磁コイル２が巻かれた巻枠２ａが中央磁極１ａに嵌挿された固定鉄心１が、背面側ケース３内に設置されている。巻枠２ａの正面側の鍔と可動鉄心９の凹部との間には、電磁コイル２の非通電時（固定鉄心１の非励磁時）に固定鉄心１と可動鉄心９とを離間させ、可動鉄心９を復帰させるための円錐状に巻かれた復帰ばね１０が装着されている。   A fixed iron core 1 in which a winding frame 2 a around which an electromagnetic coil 2 is wound is fitted and inserted into the central magnetic pole 1 a is installed in the back side case 3. Between the flange on the front side of the reel 2a and the concave portion of the movable iron core 9, the fixed iron core 1 and the movable iron core 9 are moved away from each other when the electromagnetic coil 2 is not energized (when the fixed iron core 1 is not energized). A return spring 10 wound in a conical shape for returning the iron core 9 is mounted.

可動接触子支持体８の図示左右方向を向く四角孔８ａには、固定接点５、５のそれぞれに接触、離間する可動接点１１、１１を両端に設けた可動接触子２０が、その中央部を四角孔８ａに位置させるようにして挿入され支持されている。   A movable contact 20 provided with movable contacts 11, 11 that come in contact with and separate from the fixed contacts 5, 11 at both ends is provided in a square hole 8 a facing the illustrated left-right direction of the movable contact support 8. It is inserted and supported so as to be positioned in the square hole 8a.

図２に示すように、可動接触子２０は、細長板状の可動端子板１２と、この可動端子板１２の両端部に搭載された可動接点１１、１１とから構成され、所定の間隔だけ離れて配置された固定接点５、５に可動接点１１、１１を対向させるように配置されている。可動端子板１２は、固定接点５、５間に凸を向けるように弓型に折り曲げられ、両端部の固定接点５、５側面に可動接点１１、１１を固定している。図３に示すように、可動接点１１は、断面が偏平五角形の短尺柱状を成し断面三角形の先端部を固定接点５、５方向に向けて頂部稜線が可動端子板１２の短手方向に延びるように配設されている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the movable contact 20 includes an elongated plate-like movable terminal plate 12 and movable contacts 11 and 11 mounted on both ends of the movable terminal plate 12, and is separated by a predetermined distance. The movable contacts 11 and 11 are arranged so as to face the fixed contacts 5 and 5 arranged in this manner. The movable terminal plate 12 is bent into an arcuate shape so that a convex portion is directed between the fixed contacts 5 and 5, and the movable contacts 11 and 11 are fixed to the side surfaces of the fixed contacts 5 and 5 at both ends. As shown in FIG. 3, the movable contact 11 has a short pentagonal cross section, and the top edge of the movable contact 11 extends in the short direction of the movable terminal plate 12 with the tip of the triangular section directed toward the fixed contacts 5 and 5. It is arranged like this.

図１に戻り、可動接触子２０の中央部正面側には、ばね受け２０ａが固定され、可動接触子２０は、ばね受け２０ａを介して接点ばね１３の一端に係合し接点ばね１３に支持されている。接点ばね１３は少し圧縮され、その他端が四角孔８ａの正面側の面に支持されている。このようにして、接点ばね１３の他端及び可動接触子２０の中央部は、可動接触子支持体８に支持されている。   Returning to FIG. 1, a spring receiver 20 a is fixed to the front side of the central portion of the movable contact 20. The movable contact 20 engages with one end of the contact spring 13 through the spring receiver 20 a and is supported by the contact spring 13. Has been. The contact spring 13 is slightly compressed, and the other end is supported on the front surface of the square hole 8a. In this way, the other end of the contact spring 13 and the central portion of the movable contact 20 are supported by the movable contact support 8.

固定鉄心１及び可動鉄心９は、三叉状に形成され、それぞれ対向する中央磁極１ａ、９ａ及び二つの側部磁極１ｂ、１ｂ、９ｂ、９ｂを有している。固定鉄心１の側部磁極１ｂ、１ｂの吸引面には、くま取りコイル１ｃ、１ｃが装着されている。   The fixed iron core 1 and the movable iron core 9 are formed in a trifurcated shape, and each have a central magnetic pole 1a, 9a and two side magnetic poles 1b, 1b, 9b, 9b facing each other. Bearer coils 1c and 1c are mounted on the attracting surfaces of the side magnetic poles 1b and 1b of the fixed iron core 1, respectively.

電磁コイル２が非通電の非励磁状態では、可動接触子２０は、接点ばね１３により四角孔８ａの背面側の面に押付けられている。また、復帰ばね１０の復帰力により、可動接触子支持体８の当接面８ｂが、正面側ケース４の当接面４ｂに当接している。   When the electromagnetic coil 2 is not energized, the movable contact 20 is pressed against the back surface of the square hole 8a by the contact spring 13. Further, the contact surface 8 b of the movable contact support 8 is in contact with the contact surface 4 b of the front case 4 by the return force of the return spring 10.

また、電磁コイル２が通電されて固定鉄心１が励磁され、可動鉄心９が固定鉄心１に吸引されて可動接触子支持体８が駆動され、可動接点１１、１１が固定接点５、５に接触した後、可動鉄心９の対向面が固定鉄心１の吸引面に吸着される。   In addition, the electromagnetic coil 2 is energized to excite the fixed iron core 1, the movable iron core 9 is attracted to the fixed iron core 1, and the movable contact support 8 is driven, and the movable contacts 11 and 11 come into contact with the fixed contacts 5 and 5. After that, the facing surface of the movable iron core 9 is adsorbed to the suction surface of the fixed iron core 1.

図４は、実施の形態１の可動接点１１の断面形状を示す図である。すなわち、図４は、可動接点１１を、可動端子板１２の長手方向に平行な面で切った断面形状を示したものである。上記のように、可動接点１１は、断面が偏平五角形の短尺柱状を成し断面三角形の先端部を固定接点５、５方向に向けて頂部稜線が可動端子板１２の短手方向に延びるように配設されており、固定接点５と接触する先端部形状が、断面において先端角度θが１５６°から１６６°の範囲で且つ頂部先端Ｔが曲率半径０．１ｍｍ以下の円弧となる三角形状を成している。   FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional shape of the movable contact 11 according to the first embodiment. That is, FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional shape of the movable contact 11 cut by a plane parallel to the longitudinal direction of the movable terminal plate 12. As described above, the movable contact 11 has a short pentagonal cross section, the tip of the triangular section faces the fixed contacts 5 and 5, and the top ridge extends in the short direction of the movable terminal plate 12. The tip shape of the tip contacted with the fixed contact 5 has a triangular shape in which the tip angle θ is in the range of 156 ° to 166 ° and the top tip T is an arc having a curvature radius of 0.1 mm or less. doing.

可動接点１１は、三層構造を成しており、硬い材質であるＮｉ含有量約１５％のＡｇＮｉで形成され、先端角度θが１５６°から１６６°の範囲の断面三角形状を成す硬質本体層（以降、ＡｇＮｉ層と言う）１１ａと、ＡｇＮｉ層１１ａとともにコンタクトメタル部を構成し、ＡｇＮｉ層１１ａの先端側を覆うように、軟らかい材質である純度９９．９％以上のＡｇで皮膜状に形成された軟質表面層（以降、Ａｇ層と言う）１１ｂと、ＡｇＮｉ層１１ａと可動端子板１２との間に設けられ、ＡｇＮｉ層１１ａとともに接点本体を構成し、ＡｇＮｉ層１１ａとＡｇ層１１ｂとから成るコンタクトメタル部を可動端子板１２上に支持するベースメタル部１１ｃとから構成されている。   The movable contact 11 has a three-layer structure, is formed of AgNi having a Ni content of about 15%, which is a hard material, and has a triangular shape with a tip angle θ ranging from 156 ° to 166 °. (Hereinafter referred to as the AgNi layer) 11a and the contact metal part together with the AgNi layer 11a, and formed into a film with a soft material of 99.9% or more of Ag so as to cover the tip side of the AgNi layer 11a The soft surface layer (hereinafter referred to as Ag layer) 11b is provided between the AgNi layer 11a and the movable terminal plate 12, and constitutes a contact body together with the AgNi layer 11a. The base metal part 11c which supports the contact metal part which consists of on the movable terminal board 12 is comprised.

ＡｇＮｉ層１１ａとＡｇ層１１ｂとから成るコンタクトメタル部とベースメタル部１１ｃを合わせた部分、すなわち、接点本体の厚さＨが０．８ｍｍであるのに対し、Ａｇ層１１ｂの厚さは０．０７５ｍｍであり、Ａｇ層１１ｂの厚さは接点本体の厚さの約１割の厚さとなっている。同一形状の接点における材質ごとの硬さの参考比較を、下表に示す。   Where the contact metal portion consisting of the AgNi layer 11a and the Ag layer 11b and the base metal portion 11c are combined, that is, the thickness H of the contact body is 0.8 mm, the thickness of the Ag layer 11b is 0.2 mm. The thickness of the Ag layer 11b is about 10% of the thickness of the contact body. The following table shows a reference comparison of the hardness of each material for contacts of the same shape.

Figure 0005345095
Figure 0005345095

接点は、接点を構成する粒子径の細かさ（密度の大小）によっても硬さが変化するため一概には言えないが、一般的にはＮｉ含有量約１５％のＡｇＮｉであれば、純度９９．９％以上のＡｇよりも十分に硬い材質であると考えられる。   The contact cannot be generally described because the hardness changes depending on the fineness (density) of the particle diameter constituting the contact. Generally, however, the purity is 99 if the Ni content is about 15%. It is considered that the material is sufficiently harder than Ag of 9% or more.

このＡｇ層１１ｂによって、低電圧低電流領域での使用において硬い絶縁体で形成された異物が噛みこんでも、軟らかい材質のＡｇが凹むことで、可動接点−固定接点間の空間距離が小さくなり、絶縁破壊がおきることにより導通を確保しやすくなる。またＡｇ層１１ｂは厚さが小さい（本実施の形態では厚さ０．０７５ｍｍ）ため、絶縁体で形成された異物は、Ａｇ層１１ｂが凹むだけで接点の内部へ完全に埋まり込んでしまうことも少なく、また仮に薄いＡｇ層１１ｂ内部に異物が埋まったとしても、開閉衝撃により異物が取れ易い構造となっている。   With this Ag layer 11b, even if a foreign object formed of a hard insulator is caught in use in a low voltage low current region, the soft material of Ag is recessed, so that the spatial distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact is reduced. It becomes easy to ensure conduction by dielectric breakdown. In addition, since the Ag layer 11b is thin (thickness 0.075 mm in the present embodiment), the foreign matter formed of an insulator is completely buried in the contacts only by the depression of the Ag layer 11b. Even if foreign matter is buried inside the thin Ag layer 11b, the structure is such that the foreign matter can be easily removed by the opening / closing impact.

また、前記略三角形の突起の頂点が成す角度θは、１５６°〜１６６°程度かつ頂点は半径０．１ｍｍ以下で形成されており、突起が十分に鋭い形状であるため、接触面積が小さい。また、Ａｇ層１１ｂの下層には、Ａｇ層１１ｂに対し十分に硬くかつ厚いＡｇＮｉ（Ｎｉ：１５％）層であるコンタクトメタル部が存在しているため、接点開閉によって頂点がつぶれることによる突起先端の平滑化が起こり難く、小さな接触面積を維持しやすい。   Further, the angle θ formed by the apex of the substantially triangular projection is about 156 ° to 166 °, the apex is formed with a radius of 0.1 mm or less, and since the projection has a sufficiently sharp shape, the contact area is small. In addition, since there is a contact metal portion which is a sufficiently hard and thick AgNi (Ni: 15%) layer with respect to the Ag layer 11b in the lower layer of the Ag layer 11b, the tip of the protrusion due to the crushing of the vertex due to contact opening / closing Is less likely to occur and it is easy to maintain a small contact area.

接触面積を小さくするためには前記略三角形の突起の頂点をなるべく鋭角にしたい。しかしながら、鋭角にしすぎると、接触点以外の可動接点−固定接点間の空間距離が大きいため、絶縁破壊による導通確保が難しくなる。この両者はトレードオフの関係にあるが、この両者をどちらも満足するべく適当な角度として、前記略三角形の突起の頂点が成す角度は１５６°〜１６６°に構成されている。   In order to reduce the contact area, it is desirable to make the apex of the substantially triangular protrusion as acute as possible. However, if the angle is too sharp, the spatial distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact other than the contact point is large, and it is difficult to ensure conduction by dielectric breakdown. The two are in a trade-off relationship, and the angle formed by the apexes of the substantially triangular protrusions is set to 156 ° to 166 ° as an appropriate angle to satisfy both.

ここで、本実施の形態の効果の一例として、図４に示す本実施の形態の可動接点１１と、図６に示す従来の可動接点１１Ａと、図９に示す本実施の形態の可動接点からＡｇ層１１ｂを除いた可動接点１１Ｄの３種の可動接点にて行った接触信頼性試験（ある検出抵抗値を上回ったら故障）の結果を示す。なお、可動接点の厚さＨは、すべて０．８ｍｍとして比較した。同一の接点開閉器１０台に可動接点を各４接点ずつ（計４０接点）備え付け、それを一定の開閉頻度により下記接点電圧・電流にて下記回数まで開閉した場合の、信頼水準６０％における接触不良発生率（故障率）の比較を示す。   Here, as an example of the effect of the present embodiment, from the movable contact 11 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the conventional movable contact 11A shown in FIG. 6, and the movable contact of the present embodiment shown in FIG. The result of the contact reliability test (failure when it exceeds a certain detection resistance value) performed at three types of movable contacts of the movable contact 11D excluding the Ag layer 11b is shown. Note that the thickness H of the movable contacts was all 0.8 mm for comparison. Contact at a reliability level of 60% when the same contact switch is equipped with four movable contacts (40 contacts in total) and is opened and closed at the following contact voltage and current with the constant switching frequency up to the following number of times. The comparison of defect occurrence rate (failure rate) is shown.

Figure 0005345095
Figure 0005345095

表中（１）の条件では、上記３種の可動接点において、故障率に差は無い。ただし一般的には、開閉回数がより多くなると、従来の可動接点（図６）の故障率は、本実施の形態の可動接点（図４）および本実施の形態の可動接点と形状は等しいがＡｇ層１１ｂは無い可動接点（図９）よりも悪くなる傾向にある。   Under the condition (1) in the table, there is no difference in the failure rate among the three types of movable contacts. However, generally, when the number of times of opening and closing is increased, the failure rate of the conventional movable contact (FIG. 6) is the same as that of the movable contact (FIG. 4) of the present embodiment and the movable contact of the present embodiment. The Ag layer 11b tends to be worse than the movable contact without the Ag layer 11 (FIG. 9).

一方、より低電圧低電流域での使用となる表中（２）の条件になると、５万回および１２５万回の開閉時でも上記３種の可動接点において故障率に差が生じ、本実施の形態の可動接点（図４）が最も故障率が低く、一方で、単に突起頂点の鋭角化かつ材質硬度化を図った接点である本実施の形態の可動接点と形状は等しいがＡｇ層１１ｂは無い可動接点（図９）は、従来の可動接点（図６）よりも故障率が高くなってしまうことがわかる。   On the other hand, under the condition (2) in the table for use in a lower voltage and lower current region, the failure rate differs in the above three types of movable contacts even when opening and closing 50,000 times and 1.25 million times. The movable contact (FIG. 4) having the lowest failure rate has the same shape as the movable contact of the present embodiment, which is a contact with a sharpened protrusion apex and a material hardness, but has the same shape as the Ag layer 11b. It can be seen that the movable contact (FIG. 9) with no contact has a higher failure rate than the conventional movable contact (FIG. 6).

低電圧低電流での使用の場合、可動接点−固定接点間に発生するアークエネルギーは極微量であるため、接点本体の厚さの約１割程度の厚さ（本実施の形態では厚さ０．０７５ｍｍ）のＡｇ層１１ｂがあれば、アークによってＡｇ層１１ｂがすべて消耗して無くなってしまうことも無く、絶縁体で形成された異物がかみ込んでも軟らかい材質のＡｇ層１１ｂが凹むことで、可動接点−固定接点間の空間距離が小さくなり、絶縁破壊がおきることにより導通を確保しやすくなる。また接点表面がイオン化傾向の小さいＡｇであるため、接点表面に酸化被膜が発生し難く、接触信頼性の高い良好な状態を保ち易い。   In the case of use at a low voltage and a low current, the arc energy generated between the movable contact and the fixed contact is extremely small. Therefore, the thickness is about 10% of the thickness of the contact body (thickness 0 in this embodiment). 0.075 mm) Ag layer 11b is not consumed by the arc, and the Ag layer 11b made of a soft material is recessed even if a foreign object formed by an insulator is caught. The space distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact becomes small, and it becomes easy to ensure conduction by causing dielectric breakdown. Further, since the contact surface is made of Ag having a small ionization tendency, an oxide film is hardly generated on the contact surface, and it is easy to maintain a good state with high contact reliability.

高電圧高電流での使用の場合は、接点本体の厚さの約１割程度の厚さしかないＡｇ層１１ｂは可動接点−固定接点間に発生するアークエネルギーによって消耗し無くなってしまうこともあるが、Ａｇ層１１ｂの下層であるＡｇＮｉ層１１ａは十分に硬い金属であるため、鋭角な突起頂点形状を維持し易く開閉回数が増えても接触面積が小さいままであるから、高い接触信頼性を継続することができる。Ａｇ層１１ｂがすべて消耗して無くなってしまうとＡｇ層１１ｂが凹むことによる可動接点−固定接点間の空間距離縮小効果が得られなくなるが、そもそも高電圧高電流である場合は、低電圧低電流に比べて絶縁破壊しやすいため、従来の接点よりも突起頂点が鋭角化されて可動接点−固定接点間の空間距離が大きくなったとしても、接触面積を小さいまま維持できる効果の方が影響は大きく接触信頼性は向上する。   In the case of use at high voltage and high current, the Ag layer 11b having a thickness of about 10% of the thickness of the contact body may not be consumed by arc energy generated between the movable contact and the fixed contact. However, since the AgNi layer 11a, which is the lower layer of the Ag layer 11b, is a sufficiently hard metal, the contact area remains small even when the number of times of opening and closing is increased, so that it is easy to maintain an acute protrusion vertex shape. Can continue. If the Ag layer 11b is completely consumed and disappears, the effect of reducing the spatial distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact due to the depression of the Ag layer 11b cannot be obtained. Compared with conventional contacts, even if the apex of the protrusion is sharpened and the spatial distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact is larger than the conventional contact, the effect of maintaining the contact area small is more affected. The contact reliability is greatly improved.

本実施の形態においては、軟質表面層の材質としてＡｇ、またその下層の硬質本体層の材質としてＮｉ含有量１５％のＡｇＮｉを用いているが、これに限らず、硬度に差があり、かつ接点の導通と回路の閉路および遮断の動作に問題の無い材質の組合せであれば、どのような材質を用いてもよい。   In the present embodiment, Ag is used as the material of the soft surface layer, and AgNi with a Ni content of 15% is used as the material of the hard body layer therebelow. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and there is a difference in hardness. Any material may be used as long as it is a combination of materials that does not cause any problem in contact conduction and circuit closing and breaking operations.

また、本実施の形態では、可動端子板１２の長手方向と平行に切った可動接点１１の断面形状を図４に示したが、接点の摺動方向によっては、可動接点１１は、可動端子板１２の短手方向の断面形状が図４の形状を成すものであってもよい。   In the present embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the movable contact 11 cut parallel to the longitudinal direction of the movable terminal plate 12 is shown in FIG. 4, but depending on the sliding direction of the contact, the movable contact 11 may be a movable terminal plate. The cross-sectional shape of 12 in the short direction may form the shape of FIG.

実施の形態２．
図５は、本発明にかかる接点開閉器の実施の形態２の可動接触子の構造を示す図である。図５においては、可動接触子を上方から見た様子と側方から見た様子を関連づけて示している。本実施の形態の可動接触子においては、可動端子板２２の両先端部が、先端側から形成されたスリットにより、それぞれ二叉状に分割されたいわゆるツイン構造の可動接触子とされている。可動端子板２２を分割するスリットは、基部側２２ａで小さく先端側２２ｂで大きい幅となっている。すなわち、スリットは、第１の幅Ｗ１で可動端子板２２の基部を分割し、第１の幅Ｗ１より大きい第２の幅Ｗ２で可動端子板２２の先端部を分割する。分割されたそれぞれの先端部には、各々可動接点１１が搭載されている。 Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of the movable contact according to the second embodiment of the contact switch according to the present invention. FIG. 5 shows the state of the movable contact viewed from above and the state viewed from the side in association with each other. In the movable contact according to the present embodiment, both distal ends of the movable terminal plate 22 are so-called twin-structure movable contacts that are divided into two forks by slits formed from the distal end side. The slit that divides the movable terminal plate 22 has a small width on the base side 22a and a large width on the tip side 22b. That is, the slit divides the base portion of the movable terminal plate 22 by the first width W1, and divides the distal end portion of the movable terminal plate 22 by the second width W2 that is larger than the first width W1. A movable contact 11 is mounted on each of the divided tip portions.

図１０は、実施の形態２の可動接触子の構造と比較の為に示す従来の可動接触子の構造を示す図である。従来のツイン構造の可動接触子においては、可動端子板２２Ａは、基部から先端部に均一な幅Ｗ１のスリット２２Ａａにより二叉状に分割されており、それぞれの先端部に各々可動接点１１Ａが搭載されていた。   FIG. 10 is a view showing a structure of a conventional movable contact shown for comparison with the structure of the movable contact of the second embodiment. In the conventional movable contact with a twin structure, the movable terminal plate 22A is divided into two forks by a slit 22Aa having a uniform width W1 from the base portion to the tip portion, and the movable contact 11A is mounted on each tip portion. It had been.

本実施の形態の可動接触子によれば、基部側で小さく先端側で大きい幅となったスリットにより分割されているので、可動接点１１、１１間の距離が従来のものより大きい。これは、長い繊維状の異物に対して接触信頼性を確保すべく、可動接点１１、１１間距離を従来よりも大きく確保しつつ、機械的開閉による可動端子板２２の折損が従来よりも増加しないように、接点近辺以外のスリット幅は従来と等しく構成しているためである。そして、本実施の形態の可動端子板２２に、図４に示す実施の形態１の可動接点１１を搭載することで、さらに接触信頼性を向上させることができる。   According to the movable contact of the present embodiment, the distance between the movable contacts 11 and 11 is larger than that of the conventional one because it is divided by the slit having a small width on the base side and a large width on the tip side. This is because the distance between the movable contacts 11 and 11 is ensured to be larger than the conventional one to ensure the contact reliability with respect to the long fibrous foreign matter, and the breakage of the movable terminal plate 22 due to the mechanical opening / closing is increased as compared with the conventional one. This is because the slit width other than the vicinity of the contact is configured to be equal to the conventional one. Further, by mounting the movable contact 11 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4 on the movable terminal plate 22 of the present embodiment, the contact reliability can be further improved.

以上のように、本実施の形態によれば、接触面積が小さくかつその接触面積を維持しやすく、さらに接点表面のＡｇ層により、低電圧低電流領域での使用において硬い絶縁体で形成された異物が噛み込んでも、軟らかい材質のＡｇが凹むことで、可動接点−固定接点間の空間距離が小さくなり、絶縁破壊がおきることにより導通を確保しやすいため、接触信頼性が向上する。   As described above, according to the present embodiment, the contact area is small and the contact area can be easily maintained, and the contact layer has an Ag layer formed of a hard insulator for use in a low voltage low current region. Even if a foreign object is caught, the soft material Ag is dented, so that the spatial distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact is reduced, and since electrical breakdown is easily secured due to dielectric breakdown, contact reliability is improved.

また、ツイン構造の可動接触子において、隣り合う可動接点間距離は大きく確保されつつ、先端部以外のスリット幅は従来と同等であるため、従来の可動接触子構造よりも長い繊維状の異物に対する接触信頼性を向上させつつ可動端子板の折損は増加することがない。   Moreover, in the movable contact of the twin structure, the distance between the adjacent movable contacts is ensured large, and the slit width other than the tip is equal to that of the conventional structure. The breakage of the movable terminal plate does not increase while improving the contact reliability.

以上のように、本発明にかかる接点開閉器は、例えば電源と負荷の間を閉路および開路することに使用される接点開閉器に有用である。   As described above, the contact switch according to the present invention is useful for, for example, a contact switch used for closing and opening between a power source and a load.

１ 固定鉄心
１ａ 中央磁極
１ｂ 側部磁極
１ｃ くま取りコイル
２ 電磁コイル
２ａ 巻枠
３ 背面側ケース
４ 正面側ケース
４ａ ガイド孔
４ｂ 当接面
５ 固定接点
６ 端子ねじ
７ 固定接触子
８ 可動接触子支持体
８ａ 四角孔
８ｂ 当接面
９ 可動鉄心
９ａ 中央磁極
９ｂ 側部磁極
１０ 復帰ばね
１１ 可動接点
１１ａ ＡｇＮｉ（Ｎｉ：１５％）層（硬質本体層）
１１ｂ Ａｇ層（軟質表面層）
１１ｃ ベースメタル部
１２ 可動端子板
１３ 接点ばね
２０ 可動接触子
２０ａ ばね受け
１００ 接点開閉器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fixed iron core 1a Center magnetic pole 1b Side part magnetic pole 1c Bear coil 2 Electromagnetic coil 2a Winding frame 3 Back side case 4 Front side case 4a Guide hole 4b Contact surface 5 Fixed contact 6 Terminal screw 7 Fixed contact 8 Movable contact support Body 8a Square hole 8b Contact surface 9 Movable iron core 9a Central magnetic pole 9b Side magnetic pole 10 Return spring 11 Movable contact 11a AgNi (Ni: 15%) layer (hard main body layer)
11b Ag layer (soft surface layer)
11c Base metal part 12 Movable terminal board 13 Contact spring 20 Movable contact 20a Spring receiver 100 Contact switch

Claims (4)

固定接点が設けられた固定接触子と、前記固定接点と対向し前記固定接点と接離する可動接点が設けられた可動接触子とを備えた接点開閉器において、
前記可動接点は、前記固定接点と接触する先端部が、先端角を構成する２辺の成す角度が１５６°から１６６°の範囲で且つ頂部先端が曲率半径０．１ｍｍ以下の円弧の概略三角形の断面形状の有する柱状を成し、
少なくとも先端部側に、硬質材にて形成された硬質本体層を有する接点本体と、
前記硬質本体層の先端側の表面に、軟質材にて前記硬質本体層より薄く且つ前記接点本体の厚さの約１割の厚さに形成された軟質表面層と、を備えた
ことを特徴とする接点開閉器。 In a contact switch comprising a fixed contact provided with a fixed contact, and a movable contact provided with a movable contact facing the fixed contact and contacting and leaving the fixed contact,
The movable contact has a substantially triangular shape in which a tip portion in contact with the fixed contact is in a range of an angle formed by two sides constituting a tip angle in a range of 156 ° to 166 ° and a tip tip is a radius of curvature of 0.1 mm or less. It has a columnar shape with a cross-sectional shape,
A contact main body having a hard main body layer formed of a hard material at least on the tip end side; and
A soft surface layer formed on the surface of the distal end side of the hard main body layer with a soft material that is thinner than the hard main body layer and about 10% of the thickness of the contact main body. Contact switch. 前記硬質本体層を形成する硬質材がＡｇ合金であり、前記軟質表面層を形成する軟質材がＡｇである
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の接点開閉器。 The contact switch according to claim 1, wherein the hard material forming the hard main body layer is an Ag alloy, and the soft material forming the soft surface layer is Ag. 前記Ａｇ合金が、Ｎｉ含有量約１５％のＡｇＮｉである
ことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の接点開閉器。 The contact switch according to claim 2, wherein the Ag alloy is AgNi having a Ni content of about 15%. 前記可動接触子は、先端側から形成されたスリットにより先端部が二叉状に分割された可動端子板と、前記分割された可動端子板の先端部に各々搭載された前記可動接点とを有し、
前記スリットは、第１の幅で前記可動端子板の基部を分割し、前記第１の幅より大きい第２の幅で前記可動端子板の先端部を分割する
ことを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか１項に記載の接点開閉器。 The movable contact has a movable terminal plate whose tip is divided into two forks by a slit formed from the tip side, and the movable contact mounted on the tip of the divided movable terminal plate. And
The slit is configured to divide a base portion of the movable terminal plate by a first width and divide a distal end portion of the movable terminal plate by a second width larger than the first width. 4. The contact switch according to any one of 3 above.
JP2010078528A 2010-03-30 2010-03-30 Contact switch Expired - Fee Related JP5345095B2 (en)

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