JP5297109B2 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5297109B2 JP5297109B2 JP2008181713A JP2008181713A JP5297109B2 JP 5297109 B2 JP5297109 B2 JP 5297109B2 JP 2008181713 A JP2008181713 A JP 2008181713A JP 2008181713 A JP2008181713 A JP 2008181713A JP 5297109 B2 JP5297109 B2 JP 5297109B2
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- negative electrode
- separator
- layer
- nonaqueous electrolyte
- electrolyte secondary
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Description
P=100−(Σai/ρi)×(m/t)
ここで、上記式中、ai:質量%で表した成分iの比率、ρi:成分iの密度(g/cm3)、m:セパレータの単位面積あたりの質量(g/cm2)、t:セパレータの厚み(cm)である。
以下に示すようにして電極の作製と非水電解液の調製を行い、非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質LiCoO2を96質量%(固形分全量中の含有量、以下同じ)と、導電助剤としてケッチェンブラック(平均粒径0.05μm)2質量%と、バインダとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)2質量%と、脱水N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)とを混合して得たスラリーを、アルミニウム箔からなる集電体に塗布し、乾燥後プレスして、集電体の一方の面に厚み85μmの正極合剤層を形成した。
SiO(平均粒径1.0μm)を原料とし、撹拌式の転動造粒機(ホソカワミクロン社製「アグロマスタ」)を用いて複合粒子を作製した。その複合粒子の平均粒径は20μmであった。続いて、前記複合粒子10gを沸騰床反応器中で約1000℃に加熱し、加熱された複合粒子にベンゼンと窒素ガスとからなる25℃の混合ガスを接触させ、1000℃で60分間CVD処理を行った。このようにして、前記混合ガスが熱分解して生じた炭素(以下「CVD炭素」ともいう)を複合粒子に堆積させて被覆層を形成し、負極材料を得た。被覆層形成前後の質量変化から前記負極材料の組成を算出したところ、SiO:CVD炭素=70:30(質量比)であった。
次に、前記負極材料を用いて、コイン形の非水電解質二次電池を作製した。まず、前記負極材料60質量%(固形分全量中の含有量、以下同じ)と、黒鉛30質量%と、導電助剤としてケッチェンブラック(平均粒径0.05μm)2質量%と、バインダとしてポリアミドイミド8質量%と、脱水N−メチルピロリドンとを混合して得たスラリーを、銅箔からなる集電体に塗布し、乾燥後プレスして、集電体の一方の面に厚み35μmの負極合剤層を形成した。前記の負極合剤層を形成した集電体を、真空中100℃で15時間乾燥させた後、遠赤外線ヒーターを用いて160℃で15時間熱処理を施した。
シロキサン誘導体とその量を表1に示すように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして電解液を調製し、これらの電解液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてコイン形非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
シロキサン誘導体を添加しない以外は実施例1と同様にして電解液を調製し、この電解液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてコイン形非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
シロキサン誘導体を、分子量が300〜400の直鎖状ポリシロキサンに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして電解液を調製し、この電解液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてコイン形非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
〔正極の作製〕
正極活物質であるLiCoO2:85質量部、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック:10質量部、およびバインダであるPVDF:5質量部を、NMPを溶剤として均一になるように混合して、正極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。このペーストを、集電体となる厚さ15μmのアルミニウム箔の両面に、活物質塗布長が表面500mm、裏面425mmとなるように間欠塗布し、乾燥した後、カレンダー処理を行い、全厚が150μmとなるように正極合剤層の厚みを調整し、幅43mmになるように切断して、長さ520mm、幅43mmの正極を作製した。さらにこの正極のアルミニウム箔の露出部にタブを溶接してリード線を形成した。
SiO(平均粒径1.0μm)を原料とし、攪拌式の転動造粒機(ホソカワミクロン社製「アグロマスタ」)を用いて複合粒子を作製した。前記複合粒子の平均粒径は20μmであった。続いて前記複合粒子10gを沸騰床反器中で約1000℃に加熱し、過熱された複合粒子にベンゼンと窒素ガスとからなる25℃の混合ガスを接触させ、1000℃で60分間CVD処理を行った。このようにして、前記混合ガスが熱分解して生じた炭素(以下「CVD炭素」ともいう)を複合粒子に堆積させて被覆層を形成し、負極材料を得た。被覆層形成前後の質量変化から前記負極材料の組成を算出したところ、SiO:CVD炭素=70:30であった。
有機バインダであるSBRのエマルジョン(固形分比率40質量%):100gと、水:4000gとを容器に入れ、均一に分散するまで室温で攪拌した。この分散液に耐熱性微粒子であるベーマイト粉末(板状、平均粒径1μm、アスペクト比10):4000gを4回に分けて加え、ディスパーにより2800rpmで5時間攪拌して、均一なスラリーを調製した。ポリエチレン製多孔質膜(セパレータ層(I):厚み16μm、空孔率40%、平均孔径0.02μm、融点135℃)上に、前記のスラリーをマイクログラビアコーターによって塗布し、乾燥して耐熱多孔質層(セパレータ層(II))を形成することで、厚みが22μmのセパレータを得た。このセパレータの耐熱多孔質層における耐熱性微粒子の体積比率は91体積%、耐熱多孔質層の空孔率は48%であった。
前記のようにして得たセパレータを、樹脂多孔質膜(セパレータ層(I))が負極側に向くように前記正極と前記負極との間に介在させつつ重ね、渦巻状に巻回して巻回体電極群を作製した。得られた巻回体電極群を押しつぶして扁平状にし、厚み6mm、高さ50mm、幅34mmでのアルミニウム製外装缶に入れ、実施例1と同様の電解液(非水電解質)を注入した後に封止を行って、非水電解質二次電池を作製した。なお、この非水電解質二次電池は、缶の上部に、内圧が上昇した場合に圧力を逃がすための開裂ベントを備えている。
セパレータとしてPE製微多孔膜(厚み22μm、空孔率49%、平均孔径0.09μm、融点135℃)を用いた以外は実施例11と同様にして、非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
2 Liと反応しない絶縁性の材料を含有する多孔質層(コート層)
3 負極合剤層
4 集電体
Claims (7)
- 層状構造を有するリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を正極活物質として含有する正極、負極および非水電解質を備えた非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記負極は、SiとOを構成元素に含む化合物(ただし、Siに対するOの原子比xは、0.5≦x≦1.5である)と導電性材料とを含有しており、
前記非水電解質に、下記一般式(1)で表されるシロキサン誘導体の少なくとも1種を含有するものを使用し、
非水電解質中の一般式(1)で表わされるシロキサン誘導体の含有量は、3〜10質量%であることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。
- 負極合剤層が、導電性材料として炭素材料を含有している請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- SiとOを構成元素に含む化合物と炭素材料とが複合体を形成している請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記複合体の表面が、更に炭素材料で被覆されている請求項3に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 負極合剤層の含有する炭素材料が、炭化水素系ガスを気相中で加熱した際に、前記炭化水素系ガスの熱分解により生じたものである請求項2〜4のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 正極における正極活物質の質量Pと負極における負極活物質の質量Nとの比P/Nが、3.7〜6.8である請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記正極と前記負極との間にセパレータを備え、前記セパレータは、融点が80〜140℃である熱可塑性樹脂を主成分とする微多孔膜からなるセパレータ層(I)と耐熱温度が150℃以上の無機粒子を主体として含む多孔質のセパレータ層(II)とを有する積層セパレータであることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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