JP5258554B2 - ニッケル亜鉛電池構造 - Google Patents
ニッケル亜鉛電池構造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5258554B2 JP5258554B2 JP2008509079A JP2008509079A JP5258554B2 JP 5258554 B2 JP5258554 B2 JP 5258554B2 JP 2008509079 A JP2008509079 A JP 2008509079A JP 2008509079 A JP2008509079 A JP 2008509079A JP 5258554 B2 JP5258554 B2 JP 5258554B2
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- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 74
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 27
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 20
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 15
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229910005580 NiCd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002449 FKM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940065285 cadmium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001662 cadmium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000052 cadmium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006263 metalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AIBQNUOBCRIENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ni] AIBQNUOBCRIENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JVUYWILPYBCNNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(oxo)borane Chemical compound [K+].[O-]B=O JVUYWILPYBCNNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium borate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/244—Zinc electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/534—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the material of the leads or tabs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/06—Pressure conditions
- C02F2301/063—Underpressure, vacuum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Description
ニッケル亜鉛電池の構造に関しては、いくつかの設計指針を考慮する必要がある。そのうちの一部は、従来のNiCd電池や他の電池の構造に関しても適用されるものであるが、残りは、NiZn電池を最適化するためのものやNiZnに特有の問題を解決するためのものである。以下に、これらの設計指針を説明する。
電池構造は、電池からの腐食性電解質の漏出を最小限に抑えるものでなければならない。電解質漏出をできるだけ少なくするためには、電解質不足条件(すなわち、少量の電解質しか存在しない条件)で運転すればよい。従って、本発明の電池を電解質不足条件で運転可能な構造にしてもよい。電解質不足条件で運転するために必要な本発明のNiZn電池の構造に関しては後述する。電池を電解質不足条件で運転するかどうかにかかわらず、図10に基づき上述したように、液体不透過/気体透過性の通気口カバーを用いることにより、電解質の漏出をさらに抑えることが可能になる。
セパレータ層の全体に電解質を均一に分散させることが望ましい。電解質が均一に分散されると、電流密度が一定になり、亜鉛電極の形状変化を最小限に抑えることが可能になるため、望ましい。電解質の均一な分散は、電解質不足条件で作動する電池では、特に重要である。
亜鉛電極における亜鉛のマイナス電位により、水素の発生と負極の腐食が生じやすくなる。特に、水素の発生は、ニッケルカドミウム電池やニッケル水素電池と比べて起こりやすい。水素の発生は、電極の腐食につながり、電池内部の圧力上昇や電解質分解による電池乾燥を引き起こすため、望ましくない。さらに、ニッケル亜鉛電池では水素と酸素の再結合が困難である。ニッケルカドミウム電池の場合には、デンドライト形成が大きな問題とはならず、セパレータ内にガス透過用の経路が形成され、これによってガスが電極間を移動し、再結合反応が進む。このような従来のニッケルカドミウム電池やニッケル水素電池とは異なり、本発明のニッケル亜鉛電池では、亜鉛デンドライトの形成を抑制するために、セパレータに障壁層が備えられている。この障壁層の存在により、電池内で発生した酸素と水素が電極で再結合するための経路は形成されない。このため、ガスは、ゼリーロール型アセンブリの外側を通って再結合されることになる。
上述したように、亜鉛電極は形状変化を起こしやすい。充電/放電サイクル間に、可溶性亜鉛酸イオンの形成により電極表面への亜鉛の再分配が生じる。この形状変化によりサイクルが進むにつれて電池容量が大きく減少する。さらに、亜鉛電極は亜鉛デンドライトの影響を受けやすい。デンドライトは、蒸着金属から骨格状あるいは樹状に成長する(樹枝状成長)結晶構造体である。サイクルが進むにつれて、亜鉛電極にデンドライトが形成され、そのまま放置しておくと、セパレータに親友氏、最終的には正極に到達し、ショートを起こし、電池機能の低下を招く。
電池内に二酸化炭素が存在するとアルカリ電解質を中和し、炭酸塩を形成することにより高率放電を妨害する可能性がある。市販されている酸化亜鉛
には、多くの場合、かなりの量の炭酸塩が含まれている。負極形成に用いる亜鉛の炭酸塩含量は低いことが望ましく、例えば、約1重量%以下が望ましい。また、有機化合物を用いた湿潤処理の際に炭酸塩が形成されると考えられる。従って、乾式処理工程で正極を形成することが望ましい。炭酸塩によって溶液から失われる電解質を考慮して、電池内に含まれる電解質の量を増加する必要があるかもしれない。
亜鉛電極と共に用いる導電経路の材料として、銅あるいは銅合金が特に望ましい。銅は抵抗率が低く、比較的安価で、亜鉛電極に対する電気化学的適合性があるため望ましい。市販のニッケルカドミウム電池ではカドミウム電極用の導電性経路にはニッケルメッキしたスチールが用いられている。
Claims (19)
- 円筒形ニッケル亜鉛電池であって、
a) 亜鉛を含有する負極層と、
b) ニッケルを含有する正極層と、
c) 前記正極層と前記負極層とを隔てるセパレータ層で、障壁層と湿潤層とからなるセパレータ層と、
d) 電解質と
e) 集電体と、
f) 前記集電体と前記いずれかの電極層との非溶接性の加圧接触による電気的な接続を実現する加圧手段と
を備え、
少なくとも前記障壁層は、亜鉛デンドライト形成を抑制する
電池。 - 前記負極層が厚さ0.41から061mm(16から24ミル)の範囲で、前記正極層が厚さ0.41〜0.61mm(16から24ミル)の範囲である請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記障壁層と前記湿潤層とが異なった材料から形成される請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記セパレータ層を所定の材料により形成し、前記障壁層および前記湿潤層として機能させる請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記障壁層が厚さ0.025〜0.102ミリメートル(1から4ミル)の範囲である請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記負極層が負極集電体を備え、前記円筒形電池の一端に表面が平坦な部位を形成するように前記負極集電体の端部が湾曲される請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記円筒形電池の一端に表面が平坦な部位を形成するように湾曲される前記負極集電体の端部は、屈曲が容易になるように所定形状とされた請求項6記載の電池。
- 銅製の負極集電ディスクを集電体として備え、銅ディスクの片側がスズあるいはスズ合金で被覆される請求項1記載の電池。
- 請求項1記載の電池であって、
a) 前記正極層に電気的に接続される缶体と、
b) 前記正極層に電気的に接続される集電体としての正極集電ディスクと、
c) 前記正極集電ディスクと前記缶体の一端との間に配置される電解質ゲル供給源と
を備える電池。 - 請求項1記載の電池であって、
a) 前記正極層に電気的に接続される集電体としての正極集電ディスクで、穴あきの正極集電ディスクと、
b) 前記負極層に電気的に接続される集電体としての負極集電ディスクと
を備える電池。 - 請求項1記載の電池であって、
a) 前記正極層に電気的に接続される集電体としての正極集電ディスクで、溝つきの正極集電ディスクと、
b) 前記負極層に電気的に接続される集電体としての負極集電ディスクと
を備える電池。 - 総ACインピーダンスが3ないし5.0mΩである請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記正極集電ディスクと前記負極集電ディスクの少なくともいずれかがバネ部を備える請求項12記載の電池。
- さらに、電池缶体と電池蓋体とを備え、電池蓋体が電池のマイナス端子を有する請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記電池蓋体が、水素透過性の環状高分子領域を備える請求項14記載の電池。
- 前記負極層が、スズで被覆された穴あき銅細板を備える請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記非溶接性の加圧手段は、アルカリ性媒体に抵抗性のあるOリングである請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記セパレータ層は、2層のみからなる請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記非溶接性の加圧手段は、前記正極層および前記負極層のうち、少なくとも前記負極層に設けられた請求項1記載の電池。
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US11/116,113 | 2005-04-26 | ||
US11/116,113 US8703330B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2005-04-26 | Nickel zinc battery design |
PCT/US2006/015807 WO2006116496A2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2006-04-25 | Nickel zinc battery design |
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JP2008539559A JP2008539559A (ja) | 2008-11-13 |
JP2008539559A5 JP2008539559A5 (ja) | 2009-06-25 |
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EP (1) | EP1878072B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5258554B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101208818B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE518264T1 (ja) |
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-
2005
- 2005-04-26 US US11/116,113 patent/US8703330B2/en active Active
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2006
- 2006-04-25 AT AT06758626T patent/ATE518264T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2006-04-25 JP JP2008509079A patent/JP5258554B2/ja active Active
- 2006-04-25 WO PCT/US2006/015807 patent/WO2006116496A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-04-25 CA CA002605458A patent/CA2605458A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20060240317A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
US8703330B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
CA2605458A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
JP2008539559A (ja) | 2008-11-13 |
ATE518264T1 (de) | 2011-08-15 |
CN101208818A (zh) | 2008-06-25 |
WO2006116496A2 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
CN101208818B (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
WO2006116496A3 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
EP1878072A2 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
EP1878072B1 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
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