JP5213305B2 - 正極活物質、その製造方法及びそれを採用した正極とリチウム電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質、その製造方法及びそれを採用した正極とリチウム電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5213305B2 JP5213305B2 JP2006037078A JP2006037078A JP5213305B2 JP 5213305 B2 JP5213305 B2 JP 5213305B2 JP 2006037078 A JP2006037078 A JP 2006037078A JP 2006037078 A JP2006037078 A JP 2006037078A JP 5213305 B2 JP5213305 B2 JP 5213305B2
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 51
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 24
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 184
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012752 LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016222 LiNi0.9Co0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910014395 LiNi1/2Mn3/2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 41
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyldioxolane Chemical compound CC1COOC1 LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical class [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical class B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RCYJPSGNXVLIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenetitanium Chemical compound [S].[Ti] RCYJPSGNXVLIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45B—WALKING STICKS; UMBRELLAS; LADIES' OR LIKE FANS
- A45B25/00—Details of umbrellas
- A45B25/22—Devices for increasing the resistance of umbrellas to wind
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45B—WALKING STICKS; UMBRELLAS; LADIES' OR LIKE FANS
- A45B2200/00—Details not otherwise provided for in A45B
- A45B2200/10—Umbrellas; Sunshades
- A45B2200/1009—Umbrellas; Sunshades combined with other objects
- A45B2200/1036—Umbrellas; Sunshades combined with other objects with means for promoting air movement, e.g. ventilation holes, fans, ventilators, special shape for ventilation, suction means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
- H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
LixCo1−yMyO2−αXα
LixCo1−y−zNiyMzO2−αXα
LixMn2−yMyO4−αXα
LixCo2−yMyO4−αXα
LixCo1−yMyO2−αXα
LixCo1−y−zNiyMzO2−αXα
LixMn2−yMyO4−αXα
LixCo2−yMyO4−αXα
実施例1
平均粒径14μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末1.4g、平均粒径2μmのLiCoO2粉末0.6g、導電材として平均直径6μmのアセチレンブラック粉末0.6g及び結着剤としてPVdF 0.045gを混合し、5mLのN−メチルピロリドンを投入した。次いで、機械式攪拌器を使用して30分間攪拌してスラリを製造した。
平均粒径14μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末、平均粒径1.3μmのLiCoO2粉末を使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径14μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末、平均粒径0.7μmのLiCoO2粉末を使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径14μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末、平均粒径0.28μmのLiCoO2粉末を使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径14μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末1.2g、平均粒径2μmのLiCoO2粉末0.8gを使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径14μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末1.4g、平均粒径2μmのLiCoO2粉末0.5gを使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径14μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末1.8g、平均粒径2μmのLiCoO2粉末0.2gを使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径12μmのLiCoO2粉末1.6g、平均粒径1μmのLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2粉末0.4gを使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径12μmのLiCoO2粉末1.6g、平均粒径1μmのLiMn2O4粉末0.4gを使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径14μmのLiCoO2粉末1.4g、平均粒径1μmのLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2粉末0.6gを使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径14μmのLiCoO2粉末1.4g、平均粒径1μmのLiNi0.5Mn0.5O2粉末0.6gを使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径7μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末1g、平均粒径1μmの黒鉛粉末1gを使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径6μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末1g、平均粒径1μmの黒鉛粉末1gを使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径7μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末1g、平均粒径0.4μmの黒鉛粉末1gを使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径14μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末、平均粒径10μmのLiCoO2粉末を使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径14μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末1g、平均粒径2μmのLiCoO2粉末1gを使用した点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径14μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末のみを2g使用し、LiCoO2粉末は使用しない点を除いては、実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径12μmのLiCoO2粉末のみを2g使用し、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2粉末は使用しない点を除いては、実施例8と同じ条件で実験した。
平均粒径7μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末のみを2g使用し、黒鉛粉末は使用しない点を除いては、実施例12と同じ条件で実験した。
前記実施例1ないし14及び比較例1ないし5で製造した正極の電極密度を測定して、下記表1に示した。
実施例8ないし14及び比較例4,5で製造したものを前記正極として、黒鉛電極を相手電極とし、PEセパレータ、1M LiPF6が炭酸エチレン(EC)+炭酸ジエチル(DEC)(3:7)に溶けている溶液を電解質として、2000mAh級の18650円筒形のリチウム電池を製造した。
前記実施例8ないし14及び比較例4,5で製造した正極を採用したリチウム電池を利用して、活物質1g当たり約70mAの電流でLi電極に対してそれぞれ4.2,4.3及び4.5Vに達するまで1000mAの電流で定電流充電した。充電が完了したセルは、約30分間の休止期間を経た後、活物質1g当たり約70mAの電流で電圧が3.0Vに達するまで定電流放電してg当たりの放電容量を求めた。前記放電容量の実験結果を下記表2に示した。
前記初期充電容量実験が終わった後、前記実施例8ないし11及び比較例4の正極を採用したリチウム電池を解体した。解体された電池で充電された正極シートを取り出して洗浄した後、電解質と共にアルミニウムカプセルに密閉した。前記カプセルに対してDSC(Differential Scanning Calorimeter)を5℃/分の速度で昇温して、発熱開始温度及び発熱量を測定した。前記実施例及び比較例の発熱開始温度を下記表3及び図3に示した。
前記実施例12ないし14及び比較例5で製造した正極を採用したリチウム電池を利用して、黒鉛電極に対してそれぞれ4.2Vに達するまで1000mAの電流で定電流充電した。充電が完了した電池は、約30分間の休止期間を経た後、1Cないし10Cの条件で定電流放電して高率放電容量を測定した。前記実施例及び比較例の高率放電容量の実験結果を下記表4に示した。
Claims (9)
- LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 、LiNiO 2 、LiNi 0.9 Co 0.1 O 2 、LiNi 0.9 Co 0.1 Al 0.1 O 2 、及びLiCoO 2 からなる群から選択される一つ以上の大粒径活物質、及びLiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 、LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 、LiCo 0.95 Mg 0.05 O 2 、LiCoPO 4 、LiNi 1/2 Mn 3/2 O 4 、及びLiCoO 2 からなる群から選択される一つ以上の小粒径活物質を含み(ただし、大粒径正極物質及び小粒径正極物質としてLiCoO 2 が同時選択される場合は除かれる)、
前記大粒径活物質と小粒径活物質とを混合した複合正極活物質のプレス密度は、3.4ないし4.0g/cm3であり、
前記大粒径活物質に対する前記小粒径活物質の平均粒径D50の比が6:1ないし100:1であることを特徴とする複合正極活物質。 - 前記大粒径活物質に対する前記小粒径活物質の平均粒径D50の比は、6:1ないし20:1であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合正極活物質。
- 前記大粒径活物質に対する前記小粒径活物質の重量比は、60:40ないし90:10であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合正極活物質。
- 前記大粒径活物質に対する前記小粒径活物質の重量比は、70:30ないし80:20であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合正極活物質。
- 前記大粒径活物質及び小粒径活物質それぞれのプレス密度は、2.5ないし4.0g/cm3及び1.0ないし4.0g/cm3であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合正極活物質。
- 前記大粒径活物質の平均粒径D50は、1ないし25μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合正極活物質。
- 前記小粒径活物質の平均粒径D50は、0.05ないし5μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合正極活物質。
- 請求項1ないし7のうちいずれか一項に記載の複合正極活物質を含むことを特徴とする正極。
- 請求項8に記載の正極を含み、下記方法で放電容量及び発熱開始温度を測定したとき、4.3V充電後の放電容量が155mAh/g以上であり、発熱開始温度が231℃以上であり、かつ4.5V充電後の放電容量が182mAh/g以上であり、発熱開始温度が218℃以上であることを特徴とするリチウム電池:
放電容量の測定方法;活物質1g当たり70mAの電流でLi電極に対して4.3V又は4.5Vに達するまで1000mAの電流で定電流充電し、充電が完了したセルに30分間の休止期間を与えた後、活物質1g当たり70mAの電流で電圧が3.0Vに達するまで定電流放電してg当たりの放電容量を求める:
発熱開始温度の測定方法;DSCを5℃/分の速度で昇温して、発熱開始温度を求める。
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US11705585B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2023-07-18 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
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US11710820B2 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2023-07-25 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
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US7608362B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 |
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US20060257745A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
KR20060091486A (ko) | 2006-08-21 |
US8663846B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 |
US20100019208A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
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