JP5186734B2 - Azo compound, composition for photo-alignment film, photo-alignment film and liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Azo compound, composition for photo-alignment film, photo-alignment film and liquid crystal display element Download PDF

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JP5186734B2
JP5186734B2 JP2006170001A JP2006170001A JP5186734B2 JP 5186734 B2 JP5186734 B2 JP 5186734B2 JP 2006170001 A JP2006170001 A JP 2006170001A JP 2006170001 A JP2006170001 A JP 2006170001A JP 5186734 B2 JP5186734 B2 JP 5186734B2
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直也 生島
康弘 桑名
宏和 高田
仁 近藤
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本発明は液晶配向膜に関し、更に詳しくは、異方性を有する光を基板上に設けた塗膜に照射して液晶配向性を付与する、光配向法により得た液晶配向膜に関する。   The present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment film, and more particularly to a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by a photo-alignment method that imparts liquid crystal alignment properties by irradiating a coating film provided on a substrate with anisotropic light.

通常、液晶表示素子は、内面に配向処理が行われた二枚の基板の間隙に液晶を注入することで液晶を特定の方向に配向させた状態で、基板間に電場を印加し、液晶の分子配列を変化させて表示を行う。この配向処理としては、従来、ポリイミド等の膜に対してラビングを行う方法が用いられてきた。
しかしラビング法は、製造工程において静電気や埃が発生するため、配向処理後の洗浄工程が必要となる。また、特に近年多く用いられているTFT方式の液晶セルでは、ラビング時の摩擦により静電気が 発生し、あらかじめ基板に設けられたTFT素子が破壊されることもあり、これが製造における歩留まり低下の原因にもなっている。
In general, a liquid crystal display element applies an electric field between substrates in a state in which the liquid crystal is aligned in a specific direction by injecting liquid crystal into a gap between two substrates whose inner surfaces are aligned. Display by changing the molecular arrangement. Conventionally, as this alignment treatment, a method of rubbing a film such as polyimide has been used.
However, since the rubbing method generates static electricity and dust in the manufacturing process, a cleaning process after the alignment process is required. In particular, in TFT-type liquid crystal cells that have been widely used in recent years, static electricity is generated due to friction during rubbing, and the TFT elements previously provided on the substrate may be destroyed, which causes a decrease in manufacturing yield. It is also.

ラビング法に代わる配向処理法としては、斜方蒸着法、LB(ラングミュアー−ブロジェット)膜法、フォトリソグラフィ法、光配向法等が知られている。中でも光配向法は、配向処理後の洗浄工程が不必要であることから盛んに研究が行われている。   As an orientation treatment method that replaces the rubbing method, an oblique deposition method, an LB (Langmuir-Blodget) film method, a photolithography method, a photo-alignment method, and the like are known. In particular, the photo-alignment method has been actively studied because a cleaning step after the alignment treatment is unnecessary.

光配向法は、異方性を有する光を、光配向機能を発現させる光配向性基(例えばアゾ基、シンナモイル基、クマリン基、カルコン基、ベンゾフェノン基、ポリイミド樹脂等)を有する光配向性層に照射することで、液晶配向性を生じさせる方法である(以下、光配向法により得た液晶配向膜を、光配向膜と略す)。中でもアゾ化合物を使用する光配向膜は、高感度でかつ大きなアンカリング力が得られることから実用化が期待されている。
光配向膜材料として知られているアゾ化合物は、例えば、式(A)で表されるアゾ化合物が知られている(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。また、アゾ化合物の分子の配列状態を固定しより安定性の高い光配向膜を得る目的で、アゾ化合物に重合性官能基を付加した、例えば式(B)で表されるアゾ化合物も知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
The photo-alignment method is a photo-alignment layer having a photo-alignment group (for example, an azo group, a cinnamoyl group, a coumarin group, a chalcone group, a benzophenone group, a polyimide resin, etc.) that develops a photo-alignment function with anisotropic light. Is a method for producing liquid crystal alignment properties (hereinafter, a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by a photo-alignment method is abbreviated as a photo-alignment film). Among them, a photo-alignment film using an azo compound is expected to be put to practical use because it has high sensitivity and a large anchoring force.
As an azo compound known as a photo-alignment film material, for example, an azo compound represented by the formula (A) is known (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). Also known is an azo compound represented by the formula (B), for example, in which a polymerizable functional group is added to the azo compound for the purpose of obtaining a more stable photo-alignment film by fixing the molecular alignment of the azo compound. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

これらのアゾ化合物は、基板に対する成膜性や密着性を考慮して、ガラス基板やITO等の酸化物透明電極に対し高い親和性を示すような、カルボキシ基やスルホ基、もしくはこれらのアルカリ金属塩等の極性基を有している。しかし、これらのアゾ化合物による配向膜を用いた液晶表示素子は、初期は高い電圧保持率など良好な電気特性が得られるものの、長期間使用していると次第に電気特性が劣化する場合があるということが判明した。   These azo compounds are a carboxy group, a sulfo group, or an alkali metal thereof that has a high affinity for a glass substrate or an oxide transparent electrode such as ITO in consideration of the film formability and adhesion to the substrate. It has a polar group such as salt. However, liquid crystal display elements using alignment films of these azo compounds can obtain good electrical characteristics such as a high voltage holding ratio at the beginning, but the electrical characteristics may gradually deteriorate when used for a long period of time. It has been found.

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734


Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2000 (352), p27, 同誌 2001 (360), p81及びliquid Crystals, 2002(29), p1321Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2000 (352), p27, ibid 2001 (360), p81 and liquid Crystals, 2002 (29), p1321 特開2002−250924号公報JP 2002-250924 A

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、良好な液晶配向性を示すと同時に、液晶表示素子を長期間使用しても電圧保持率などの電気特性の劣化のない配向膜を得るためのアゾ化合物、及び、該アゾ化合物を使用した光配向膜用組成物、液晶表示素子を提供することにある。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is an azo compound for obtaining an alignment film that exhibits good liquid crystal orientation and at the same time has no deterioration in electrical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio even when the liquid crystal display element is used for a long period of time. Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition for a photo-alignment film and a liquid crystal display element using the azo compound.

本発明者らは、前記アゾ化合物からなる配向膜を用いた液晶表示素子は、長期間使用中に外部から水分が侵入することで、前記カルボキシ基やスルホ基、もしくはこれらのアルカリ金属塩等の極性基からイオンが生じ、これが液晶中に溶出するために電気特性劣化が生じることを見いだした。しかしこれらの極性基は液晶配向性に寄与しており、極性基のないアゾ化合物では高い液晶配向性が得られない。
本発明者らは、アゾ化合物の置換基として、カルバモイル基、スルファモイル基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基を導入すると、長時間使用しても電気特性の劣化のない液晶表示素子が得られることを見いだし、上記課題を解決した。
The liquid crystal display device using the alignment film made of the azo compound has a liquid content such as the carboxy group, the sulfo group, or an alkali metal salt thereof when moisture enters from outside during long-term use. It was found that ions were generated from the polar group and eluted into the liquid crystal, resulting in deterioration of electrical characteristics. However, these polar groups contribute to liquid crystal alignment, and high liquid crystal alignment cannot be obtained with an azo compound having no polar group.
The present inventors have found that when a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group is introduced as a substituent of an azo compound, a liquid crystal display device having no deterioration in electrical characteristics even when used for a long time is obtained. Solved the problem.

即ち、本発明は一般式(1)で示されるアゾ化合物を提供する。   That is, the present invention provides an azo compound represented by the general formula (1).

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

(式中、R、Rは、各々独立して、ヒドロキシル基、又は(メタ)アクリロイル基、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基、(メタ)アクリルアミド基、ビニル基、ビニルオキシ基、及びマレイミド基からなる群から選ばれる重合性官能基を表す。
はRがヒドロキシル基の場合、単結合を表し、Rが(メタ)アクリロイル基、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基、(メタ)アクリルアミド基、ビニル基、ビニルオキシ基、及びマレイミド基からなる群から選ばれる重合性官能基の場合、−(A−B−で表される連結基を表し、Xは、Rがヒドロキシル基の場合、単結合を表し、Rが重合性官能基の場合、−(A−B−で表される連結基を表す。なお、BはRと結合し、BはRと結合するものとする。ここで、A及びAは各々独立して単結合、又は二価の炭化水素基を表し、B及びBは各々独立して単結合、−O−、−CO−O−、−O−CO−、−CO−NH−、−NH−CO−、−NH−CO−O−、又は−O−CO−NH−を表すが、R及びRの結合において、−O−O−結合を形成することはない。
m及びnは各々独立して0〜4の整数を表す。但し、m又はnが2以上のとき、複数あるA、B、A、及びBは同じであっても異なっていても良い。但し、二つのB又はBの間に挟まれたA又はAは、単結合でないものとする。RおよびRは各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ハロゲン化メチル基、ハロゲン化メトキシ基、シアノ基又は水酸基、−OR(但し、Rは、炭素原子数2〜6のアルキル基、炭素原子数3〜6のシクロアルキル基、または炭素原子数1〜6の低級アルコキシ基で置換された炭素原子数1〜6のアルキル基を表す)、炭素原子数1〜4のヒドロキシアルキル基、または−CONR(R及びRは、各々独立して水素原子または炭素原子数1〜6の低級アルキル基を表す)、またはメトキシカルボニル基を表す。
およびRは各々独立して、カルバモイル基、スルファモイル基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基を表す。)
(Wherein R 1 and R 2 each independently comprise a hydroxyl group, or a (meth) acryloyl group, a (meth) acryloyloxy group, a (meth) acrylamide group, a vinyl group, a vinyloxy group, and a maleimide group. Represents a polymerizable functional group selected from the group;
X 1 represents a single bond when R 1 is a hydroxyl group, and R 1 is a group consisting of (meth) acryloyl group, (meth) acryloyloxy group, (meth) acrylamide group, vinyl group, vinyloxy group, and maleimide group In the case of a polymerizable functional group selected from the above, a linking group represented by-(A 1 -B 1 ) m- is represented, X 2 represents a single bond when R 2 is a hydroxyl group, and R 2 is polymerized. when sexual function, - represents a linking group represented - (a 2 -B 2) n . B 1 is bonded to R 1 and B 2 is bonded to R 2 . Here, A 1 and A 2 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group, and B 1 and B 2 each independently represent a single bond, —O—, —CO—O—, — Represents O—CO—, —CO—NH—, —NH—CO—, —NH—CO—O—, or —O—CO—NH—, but in the bond of R 1 and R 2 , —O—O -It does not form a bond.
m and n each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4. However, when m or n is 2 or more, a plurality of A 1 , B 1 , A 2 , and B 2 may be the same or different. However, A 1 or A 2 interposed between two B 1 or B 2 shall not a single bond. R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a halogenated methyl group, a halogenated methoxy group, a cyano group or a hydroxyl group, —OR 7 (where R 7 is an alkyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms) Group, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with a lower alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms A group, or -CONR 8 R 9 (R 8 and R 9 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or a methoxycarbonyl group.
R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group. )

また本発明は、前記一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物を含有する光配向膜用組成物を提供する。   Moreover, this invention provides the composition for photo-alignment films containing the azo compound represented by the said General formula (1).

また本発明は、前記記載の光配向膜用組成物を基板上に塗布した後、異方性を有する光により一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物を配向させて得る光配向膜を提供する。   The present invention also provides a photo-alignment film obtained by orienting the azo compound represented by the general formula (1) with anisotropic light after coating the above-described composition for a photo-alignment film on a substrate. To do.

また本発明は、前記記載の光配向膜を使用する液晶表示素子を提供する。   The present invention also provides a liquid crystal display device using the photo-alignment film described above.

本発明のアゾ化合物は、置換基としてカルバモイル基、スルファモイル基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基を有する。これらの基は極性基であるので、ガラス基板やITO等の酸化物透明電極に対し高い親和性を示し、塗布法により均一な塗膜を得ることができ、得られた光配向膜は良好な液晶配向性を示す。しかもこれらの基は、水分等でイオンを生じないため、本発明のアゾ化合物を材料とした光配向膜を用いた液晶表示素子は、長期間使用しても電圧保持率などの電気特性の劣化がない。   The azo compound of the present invention has a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group as a substituent. Since these groups are polar groups, they have a high affinity for oxide transparent electrodes such as glass substrates and ITO, and a uniform coating film can be obtained by a coating method. The resulting photo-alignment film is good Shows liquid crystal alignment. In addition, since these groups do not generate ions due to moisture or the like, the liquid crystal display element using the photo-alignment film made of the azo compound of the present invention is deteriorated in electrical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio even if used for a long time. There is no.

前記一般式(1)において、R及びRは、各々独立して、ヒドロキシル基、又は(メタ)アクリロイル基、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基、(メタ)アクリルアミド基、ビニル基、ビニルオキシ基、及びマレイミド基からなる群から選ばれる重合性官能基を表す。R、Rは重合性官能基であると、光配向膜への光照射により液晶配向性を付与した後に重合を行うことで得られる配向膜は、光や熱に対する配向安定性が優れるため好ましい。重合性官能基の中では(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基が特に好ましい。 In the general formula (1), R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydroxyl group, a (meth) acryloyl group, a (meth) acryloyloxy group, a (meth) acrylamide group, a vinyl group, a vinyloxy group, and It represents a polymerizable functional group selected from the group consisting of maleimide groups. When R 1 and R 2 are polymerizable functional groups, the alignment film obtained by polymerization after imparting liquid crystal alignment by light irradiation to the photo-alignment film has excellent alignment stability against light and heat. preferable. Among the polymerizable functional groups, a (meth) acryloyloxy group is particularly preferable.

はRがヒドロキシル基の場合、単結合を表し、Rがヒドロキシル基、又は(メタ)アクリロイル基、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基、(メタ)アクリルアミド基、ビニル基、ビニルオキシ基、及びマレイミド基からなる群から選ばれる重合性官能基の場合、−(A−B−で表される連結基を表し、Xは、Rがヒドロキシル基の場合、単結合を表し、Rが重合性官能基の場合、−(A−B−で表される連結基を表す。なお、BはRと結合し、BはRと結合するものとする。
ここで、A及びAは各々独立して単結合、又は二価の炭化水素基を表す。A及びAで表される二価の炭化水素基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基、トリメチレン基、テトラメチレン基、ペンタメチレン基、ヘキサメチレン基、ヘプタメチレン基、オクタメチレン基、ノナメチレン基、デカメチレン基、ウンデカメチレン基、ドデカメチレン基の如き炭素数1〜18の直鎖状アルキレン基;1−メチルエチレン基、1−メチルトリエチレン基、2−メチルトリエチレン基、1−メチルテトラエチレン基、2−メチルテトラエチレン基、1−メチルペンタメチレン基、2−メチルペンタメチレン基、3メチルペンタメチレン基の如き炭素数1〜18の分枝状アルキレン基;p−フェニレン基の如きフェニレン基;2−メトキシ−1,4−フェニレン基、3−メトキシ−1,4−フェニレン基、2−エトキシ1,4−フェニレン基、3−エトキシ−1,4−フェニレン基、2,3,5−トリメトキシ−1,4−フェニレン基の如き炭素数1〜18の直鎖状又は分枝状アルコキシ基を有するフェニレン基;2,6−ナフタレンジイル基の如きアリーレン基が挙げられる。
X 1 is when R 1 is a hydroxyl group, represents a single bond, R 1 is a hydroxyl group, or (meth) acryloyl group, (meth) acryloyloxy group, (meth) acrylamide group, a vinyl group, vinyloxy group, and maleimide for polymerizable functional group selected from the group consisting of groups, - (a 1 -B 1) m - represents a linking group represented by, X 2, when R 2 is a hydroxyl group, represents a single bond, when R 2 is a polymerizable functional group, - represents a linking group represented - (a 2 -B 2) n . B 1 is bonded to R 1 and B 2 is bonded to R 2 .
Here, A 1 and A 2 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group. Examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group represented by A 1 and A 2 include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, a heptamethylene group, an octamethylene group, a nonamethylene group, C1-C18 linear alkylene group such as decamethylene group, undecamethylene group, dodecamethylene group; 1-methylethylene group, 1-methyltriethylene group, 2-methyltriethylene group, 1-methyltetraethylene A branched alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms such as 2-methyltetraethylene group, 1-methylpentamethylene group, 2-methylpentamethylene group and 3-methylpentamethylene group; phenylene group such as p-phenylene group 2-methoxy-1,4-phenylene group, 3-methoxy-1,4-phenylene group, 2-ethoxy1, A phenylene group having a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms such as a phenylene group, a 3-ethoxy-1,4-phenylene group, or a 2,3,5-trimethoxy-1,4-phenylene group; An arylene group such as a 2,6-naphthalenediyl group;

及びBは各々独立して単結合、−O−、−CO−O−、−O−CO−、−CO−NH−、−NH−CO−、−NH−CO−O−、又は−O−CO−NH−を表すが、R及びRの結合において、−O−O−結合を形成することはない。
m及びnは各々独立して0〜4の整数を表す。但し、m又はnが2以上のとき、複数あるA、B、A、及びBは同じであっても異なっていても良い。但し、二つのB又はBの間に挟まれたA又はAは、単結合でないものとする。
B 1 and B 2 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CO—NH—, —NH—CO—, —NH—CO—O—, or represents an -O-CO-NH-, in the binding of R 1 and R 2, it does not form a -O-O- bond.
m and n each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4. However, when m or n is 2 or more, a plurality of A 1 , B 1 , A 2 , and B 2 may be the same or different. However, A 1 or A 2 interposed between two B 1 or B 2 shall not a single bond.

一般式(1)におけるX及びXは下記式(1a)で表される構造が、高いアンカリング力を得るために、より好ましい。 X 1 and X 2 in the general formula (1) are more preferably a structure represented by the following formula (1a) in order to obtain a high anchoring force.

Figure 0005186734
(式中、pは1〜18の整数を示す)
Figure 0005186734
(Wherein p represents an integer of 1 to 18)

前記一般式(1)において、RおよびRは各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ハロゲン化メチル基、ハロゲン化メトキシ基、シアノ基又は水酸基、−OR(但し、Rは、炭素原子数2〜6のアルキル基、炭素原子数3〜6のシクロアルキル基、または炭素原子数1〜6の低級アルコキシ基で置換された炭素原子数1〜6のアルキル基を表す)、炭素原子数1〜4のヒドロキシアルキル基、−CONR(R及びRは、各々独立して水素原子または炭素原子数1〜6の低級アルキル基を表す)、またはメトキシカルボニル基を表す。 In the general formula (1), R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a halogenated methyl group, a halogenated methoxy group, a cyano group or a hydroxyl group, —OR 7 (where R 7 is An alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with a lower alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), carbon A hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 atoms, —CONR 8 R 9 (R 8 and R 9 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), or a methoxycarbonyl group .

ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子や塩素原子が挙げられる。ハロゲン化メチル基としては、トリクロロメチル基やトリフルオロメチル基が挙げられる。ハロゲン化メトキシ基としては、クロロメトキシ基やトリフルオロメトキシ基が挙げられる。
の炭素原子数1〜6の低級アルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、1−メチルエチル基等が挙げられる。Rで表される炭素原子数1〜6の低級アルコキシ基で置換された炭素原子数1〜6の低級アルキル基としては、メトキシメチル基、1−エトキシエチル基、テトラヒドロピラニル基等が挙げられる。
Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom. Examples of the halogenated methyl group include a trichloromethyl group and a trifluoromethyl group. Examples of the halogenated methoxy group include a chloromethoxy group and a trifluoromethoxy group.
Examples of the lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of R 7 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and a 1-methylethyl group. Examples of the lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted by the lower alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 7 include a methoxymethyl group, a 1-ethoxyethyl group, and a tetrahydropyranyl group. It is done.

炭素原子数1〜4のヒドロキシアルキル基としては、ヒドロキシメチル基、1−ヒドロキシエチル基、2−ヒドロキシエチル基、1−ヒドロキシプロピル基、2−ヒドロキシプロピル基、3−ヒドロキシプロピル基、1−ヒドロキシブチル基等が挙げられる。
、及びRで表される炭素原子数1〜6のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、1−メチルエチル基等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、ハロゲン原子、ハロゲン化メチル基、ハロゲン化メトキシ基、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、ヒドロキシメチル基、カルバモイル基、ジメチルカルバモイル基、シアノ基が好ましく、ヒドロキシメチル基、またはトリフルオロメチル基は良好な配向性が得られる点で特に好ましい。
また、R及びRは、4,4’−ビス(フェニルアゾ)ビフェニル骨格の両端のフェニレン基のメタ位に置換していると、アンカリング力の大きな光配向膜が得られ、特に好ましい。
Examples of the hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include hydroxymethyl group, 1-hydroxyethyl group, 2-hydroxyethyl group, 1-hydroxypropyl group, 2-hydroxypropyl group, 3-hydroxypropyl group, 1-hydroxy A butyl group etc. are mentioned.
Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 8 and R 9 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and a 1-methylethyl group.
Among these, a halogen atom, a halogenated methyl group, a halogenated methoxy group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a hydroxymethyl group, a carbamoyl group, a dimethylcarbamoyl group, and a cyano group are preferable, and a hydroxymethyl group or a trifluoromethyl group The group is particularly preferable in that good orientation can be obtained.
Further, it is particularly preferable that R 3 and R 4 are substituted at the meta positions of the phenylene group at both ends of the 4,4′-bis (phenylazo) biphenyl skeleton because a photoalignment film having a large anchoring force can be obtained.

前記一般式(1)において、R及びRは各々独立して、カルバモイル基、スルファモイル基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基を表す。これらの基は極性基であるので、ガラス基板やITO等の酸化物透明電極に対し高い親和性を示し、塗布法により均一な塗膜を得ることができ、得られた光配向膜は良好な液晶配向性を示す。しかもこれらの基は、水分等でイオンを生じないため、本発明のアゾ化合物を材料とした光配向膜を用いた液晶表示素子は、長期間使用しても電圧保持率などの電気特性の劣化がない。R及びRで表されるカルバモイル基、スルファモイル基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基は、4,4’−ビス(フェニルアゾ)ビフェニル骨格の2,2’位に置換していると、アンカリング力の大きな光配向膜が得られ、特に好ましい。 In the general formula (1), R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group. Since these groups are polar groups, they have a high affinity for oxide transparent electrodes such as glass substrates and ITO, and a uniform coating film can be obtained by a coating method. The resulting photo-alignment film is good Shows liquid crystal alignment. In addition, since these groups do not generate ions due to moisture or the like, the liquid crystal display element using the photo-alignment film made of the azo compound of the present invention is deteriorated in electrical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio even if used for a long time. There is no. When the carbamoyl group, sulfamoyl group or alkoxycarbonyl group represented by R 5 and R 6 is substituted at the 2,2′-position of the 4,4′-bis (phenylazo) biphenyl skeleton, the anchoring force is large. A photo-alignment film is obtained and is particularly preferred.

(製造法)
前記一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物は、後述のスキームに代表されるような、公知の方法で合成することが出来る。例えば、R及びRで表されるカルバモイル基、スルファモイル基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基を有する一般式(2)で表されるベンジジン誘導体と亜硝酸ナトリウムとのジアゾ化反応により、R及びRで表されるカルバモイル基、スルファモイル基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基を有する一般式(3)で表されるジアゾニウム塩を合成する。次いで前工程で得られたジアゾニウム塩混合物を一般式(4)で表されるフェノール誘導体と反応させて、R及びRで表されるカルバモイル基、スルファモイル基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基を有し、両末端にヒドロキシル基を有する、一般式(5)で表されるアゾ化合物を得ることができる。
必要に応じて、一般式(5)で表されるアゾ化合物のヒドロキシル基に、公知の方法により、一般式(6)で表される重合性官能基を有するカルボン酸無水物、などを反応させることにより、一般式(7)で表されるような、R及びRで表されるカルバモイル基、スルファモイル基、又はアルコキシカルボニル基を有し、且つ重合性官能基を有するアゾ化合物を得ることが可能である。
(Production method)
The azo compound represented by the general formula (1) can be synthesized by a known method as represented by a scheme described later. For example, a carbamoyl group represented by R 5 and R 6, by diazotization reaction between benzidine derivative and sodium nitrite of the general formula (2) having a sulfamoyl group, or alkoxycarbonyl group, R 5 and R 6 A diazonium salt represented by the general formula (3) having a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group represented by Next, the diazonium salt mixture obtained in the previous step is reacted with a phenol derivative represented by the general formula (4) to have a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group represented by R 5 and R 6 , An azo compound represented by the general formula (5) having hydroxyl groups at both ends can be obtained.
As necessary, the hydroxyl group of the azo compound represented by the general formula (5) is reacted with a carboxylic acid anhydride having a polymerizable functional group represented by the general formula (6) by a known method. To obtain an azo compound having a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group represented by R 5 and R 6 and having a polymerizable functional group, as represented by the general formula (7). Is possible.

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

(式中、R〜Rは一般式(1)における定義と同様であり、pは1〜18の整数を示し、Lは水酸基、塩素原子、ピバロイル基等を表す。) (Wherein R 3 to R 6 are the same as defined in the general formula (1), p represents an integer of 1 to 18, and L 1 represents a hydroxyl group, a chlorine atom, a pivaloyl group, etc.)

(光配向膜用組成物)
本発明の光配向膜用組成物は、一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物を含有すること以外は特に限定はなく、一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物のみからなるものであってもよく、または組成物として、例えば、基板に対する塗布性を上げるための溶剤や、重合開始剤、該組成物の粘度を調整するための高分子材料や重合性モノマー等を含有するものであってもよい。
本発明の光配向膜用組成物に使用できる溶剤は、一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物を溶解するものであれば特に限定はないが、中でも、N−メチルピロリドン、2−ブトキシエタノール、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、γ−ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、2−ピロリドン、メトキシエトキシエタノール、フェノキシエタノール、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、水などが好適に用いられる。中でもN−メチルピロリドン、2−ブトキシエタノール、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドの溶液はガラスやITO成膜基板等への塗れ性が良好で、塗布、乾燥後に均一な膜が得られることから好ましい。これらの溶剤は、基板への塗れ性、乾燥時の揮発速度や均一性を考慮して選択することが好ましく、2種類以上を混合して使用することもできる。
溶剤は基板への塗工後、加熱等により揮発除去されるので、乾燥後の光配向膜の膜厚を考慮すると、使用の際は一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物の濃度は少なくとも0.2質量%以上となることが必要である。特に、0.5〜10質量%の範囲が特に好ましい。
一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物がR又はRとして重合性官能基を有する場合は、効率的に重合を行う目的で、少量の熱重合開始剤や光重合開始剤を添加することが好ましい。これらの重合開始剤としては公知のものを使用することができる。添加量は多すぎると液晶表示素子としての性能が劣化する可能性があるため、溶液中の固形分濃度に対して5%以下にとどめておくことが好ましい。
(Composition for photo-alignment film)
The composition for photo-alignment films of the present invention is not particularly limited except that it contains the azo compound represented by the general formula (1), and is composed only of the azo compound represented by the general formula (1). Alternatively, the composition may contain, for example, a solvent for improving applicability to the substrate, a polymerization initiator, a polymer material or a polymerizable monomer for adjusting the viscosity of the composition, and the like. May be.
The solvent that can be used in the composition for a photoalignment film of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the azo compound represented by the general formula (1). Among them, N-methylpyrrolidone, 2-butoxyethanol N, N-dimethylformamide, γ-butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 2-pyrrolidone, methoxyethoxyethanol, phenoxyethanol, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, water and the like are preferably used. Among these, a solution of N-methylpyrrolidone, 2-butoxyethanol, N, N-dimethylformamide is preferable because it has good coatability to glass, an ITO film-formed substrate, and the like, and a uniform film can be obtained after coating and drying. These solvents are preferably selected in consideration of the coatability to the substrate, the volatilization rate and uniformity during drying, and two or more types can be mixed and used.
Since the solvent is volatilized and removed by heating or the like after coating on the substrate, the concentration of the azo compound represented by the general formula (1) is at least at the time of use in consideration of the thickness of the photo-alignment film after drying. It is necessary to be 0.2% by mass or more. The range of 0.5 to 10% by mass is particularly preferable.
When the azo compound represented by the general formula (1) has a polymerizable functional group as R 1 or R 2 , a small amount of thermal polymerization initiator or photopolymerization initiator is added for the purpose of efficient polymerization. It is preferable. As these polymerization initiators, known ones can be used. If the amount added is too large, the performance as a liquid crystal display element may be deteriorated, so it is preferable to keep it at 5% or less with respect to the solid content concentration in the solution.

(光配向膜の製造方法)
本発明の光配向膜は、前記光配向膜組成物を、必要に応じて前述の溶剤や高分子材料等で粘度を調整した後、基板上に塗布、製膜後、異方性を有する光を照射し、一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物を配向させることで、光配向膜を得ることを特徴とする。また、重合性基を有する場合や、重合性モノマーを併用する場合には、光配向処理後、加熱又は光照射により重合性基を重合させる。
(Method for producing photo-alignment film)
The photo-alignment film of the present invention is an optical film having anisotropy after the viscosity of the photo-alignment film composition is adjusted with the above-described solvent or polymer material as necessary, and after coating on a substrate and film formation. The photo-alignment film is obtained by orienting and orienting the azo compound represented by the general formula (1). Moreover, when it has a polymeric group or when using a polymerizable monomer together, a polymeric group is polymerized by heating or light irradiation after a photo-alignment treatment.

本発明に使用する基板は、液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子に通常使用する基板であって、特に液晶表示素子製造時の加熱に耐えうる耐熱性を有するものが好ましい。このような基板としてはガラスや耐熱性のポリマーからなる基板が挙げられる。多くの場合、これらの基板にはITO等からなる透明電極を設けて使用される。   The substrate used in the present invention is a substrate usually used for a liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal alignment film, and particularly preferably has a heat resistance capable of withstanding heating during the production of the liquid crystal display element. Examples of such a substrate include a substrate made of glass or a heat resistant polymer. In many cases, these substrates are used with a transparent electrode made of ITO or the like.

本発明においては、まず基板上に、スピンコーティング、印刷、ダイコーティング、ディッピング、ロールコート、インクジェット等の方法によって本発明の光配向膜用組成物を塗布し、加熱などによる乾燥を行って得られた塗膜に配向処理のための光照射を行う。中でも印刷法、インクジェット法は量産性に優れており、特に好ましい。
膜厚は、乾燥後の膜厚として、少なくとも5nm以上であれば、液晶配向能を発現できる。好ましくは10nm以上である。一方、上限としては特に限定はないが、200nmを越えてくると、着色する場合があるので、あまり厚膜としないことが好ましい。
In the present invention, it is first obtained by applying the composition for photo-alignment film of the present invention on a substrate by a method such as spin coating, printing, die coating, dipping, roll coating, ink jet, and drying by heating. The coated film is irradiated with light for orientation treatment. Among these, the printing method and the ink jet method are particularly preferable because they are excellent in mass productivity.
If the film thickness is at least 5 nm as the film thickness after drying, the liquid crystal alignment ability can be expressed. Preferably it is 10 nm or more. On the other hand, the upper limit is not particularly limited, but if it exceeds 200 nm, it may be colored, so it is preferable not to make it too thick.

次いで、本発明の光配向膜用組成物を基板上に塗布、乾燥して得られる塗膜について光配向処理を行う。具体的には、塗膜面に直線偏光や楕円偏光等の偏光、もしくは膜面に対して斜め方向から入射する非偏光である平行光を照射する。
偏光は直線偏光、楕円偏光のいずれでもよいが、効率よく光配向を行うためには消光比の高い直線偏光を用いることが好ましい。
また光照射装置で偏光を生成する際には、偏光フィルタを使用するので、光配向膜面での光強度が減衰するが、膜面に対して斜め方向から非偏光を照射する方法では、偏光フィルタを必要とせず、比較的大きな照射強度が得られ、光配向のための照射時間を短縮できるという利点がある。このときの非偏光の入射角は、基板面法線に対し、10°〜80°の範囲が好ましく、照射面における照射エネルギーの均一性、得られるプレチルト角、配向効率を考慮すると、30°〜60°の範囲が最も好ましい。
Subsequently, a photo-alignment process is performed about the coating film obtained by apply | coating and drying the composition for photo-alignment films of this invention on a board | substrate. Specifically, the coating film surface is irradiated with polarized light such as linearly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, or non-polarized parallel light that is incident on the film surface from an oblique direction.
The polarized light may be either linearly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, but it is preferable to use linearly polarized light having a high extinction ratio in order to perform photoalignment efficiently.
In addition, when the polarized light is generated by the light irradiation device, the polarization filter is used, so the light intensity on the surface of the photo-alignment film is attenuated. There is an advantage that a relatively large irradiation intensity can be obtained without using a filter, and the irradiation time for photo-alignment can be shortened. In this case, the incident angle of non-polarized light is preferably in the range of 10 ° to 80 ° with respect to the normal to the substrate surface. In consideration of the uniformity of irradiation energy on the irradiated surface, the pretilt angle obtained, and the alignment efficiency, 30 ° to A range of 60 ° is most preferred.

照射する光は、一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物が吸収帯を有する波長領域の光であり、具体的にはアゾベンゼンのπ→π遷移による強い吸収がある波長300〜500nmの範囲の紫外線もしくは可視光線が好ましい。
照射光の光源としては、キセノンランプ、高圧水銀ランプ、超高圧水銀ランプ、メタルハライドランプ、He−Cdレーザー、YAGレーザー等の紫外線レーザー等が挙げられる。特に超高圧水銀ランプは、一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物の吸収極大波長に近い365nmの紫外線の発光強度が大きいことから特に好ましい。
The light to be irradiated is light in a wavelength region in which the azo compound represented by the general formula (1) has an absorption band, and specifically, a wavelength range of 300 to 500 nm where strong absorption is caused by π → π * transition of azobenzene. UV or visible light is preferred.
Examples of the light source for irradiation light include xenon lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, ultrahigh-pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, ultraviolet lasers such as He-Cd lasers and YAG lasers. In particular, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp is particularly preferable because it has a high emission intensity of 365 nm near the absorption maximum wavelength of the azo compound represented by the general formula (1).

一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物のRおよびRが重合性基である場合、前記光配向処理のあと、重合処理を行う。
重合処理を熱重合により行う場合は、前記のように光配向膜組成物を塗布、光配向処理を行った基板を加熱することで行われる。加熱温度は100〜300℃の範囲が好ましく、100〜200℃の範囲がより好ましい。
一方、重合処理を光照射で行う場合は、既に光配向処理を行った光配向膜の分子配列状態を乱さないようにアゾベンゼン骨格が吸収しない波長、具体的には200〜320nmの波長の紫外光を照射するか、もしくは非偏光、かつ拡散光である紫外光を照射することが好ましい。
このように、重合処理を行うことによって更に安定な光配向膜が得られるため、該光配向膜を使用することで高い電圧保持率を有する液晶表示素子を得ることができる。
When R 1 and R 2 of the azo compound represented by the general formula (1) are polymerizable groups, polymerization treatment is performed after the photo-alignment treatment.
When the polymerization treatment is performed by thermal polymerization, the photo-alignment film composition is applied as described above and the substrate subjected to the photo-alignment treatment is heated. The heating temperature is preferably in the range of 100 to 300 ° C, more preferably in the range of 100 to 200 ° C.
On the other hand, when the polymerization treatment is performed by light irradiation, the wavelength at which the azobenzene skeleton does not absorb so as not to disturb the molecular alignment state of the photo-alignment film that has already been subjected to the photo-alignment treatment, specifically, ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 200 to 320 nm. It is preferable to irradiate UV light that is non-polarized and diffused light.
Thus, since a more stable photo-alignment film is obtained by performing the polymerization treatment, a liquid crystal display element having a high voltage holding ratio can be obtained by using the photo-alignment film.

以下に、本発明の製造方法を用いて光配向膜を作製し、該光配向膜を使用して液晶表示素子を得る方法の一例を示す。例えば、偏光膜、位相差膜、反射膜、ITO等を設けた透明基板上の電極面に、本発明の光配向膜用組成物である有機溶媒溶液を塗布し、乾燥させた後に光配向処理を行う。続いて、必要に応じて重合性官能基の重合を行うことで光配向膜を作製する。次に、このようにして得られた基板の光配向膜を設けた面を内側にし、光配向のために照射した偏光または非偏光の、偏光面又は入射面が互いに直行するように対向させ、スペーサーを介して公知の方法により貼り合わせることで液晶セルを作製する。このようにして得られた液晶セルの二枚の基板の間隙に液晶を注入するとこで液晶表示素子を製造することができる。   Below, an example of the method of producing a liquid crystal display element using this photo-alignment film | membrane is produced using the manufacturing method of this invention. For example, an organic solvent solution that is a composition for a photo-alignment film of the present invention is applied to an electrode surface on a transparent substrate provided with a polarizing film, a retardation film, a reflective film, ITO, etc. I do. Then, a photo-alignment film is produced by polymerizing a polymerizable functional group as necessary. Next, the surface provided with the photo-alignment film of the substrate thus obtained is set inside, and the polarized or non-polarized polarized light or incident surface irradiated for photo-alignment is opposed so that they are orthogonal to each other, A liquid crystal cell is produced by bonding by a known method through a spacer. A liquid crystal display element can be manufactured by injecting liquid crystal into the gap between the two substrates of the liquid crystal cell thus obtained.

次に本発明を実施例及び比較例によって説明するが、もとより本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
(合成例1)
化合物(a)の合成
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example and a comparative example demonstrate this invention, this invention is not limited to these from the first.
(Synthesis Example 1)
Synthesis of compound (a)

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

200gのTHFに溶解した3−ニトロベンゼンスルホン酸クロライド110.7g(0.5mol)の溶液を、26%アンモニア水272g(4.16mol)に滴下し、2時間反応させた。その後反応溶液に1200mlの純水を加え、4時間撹拌し78.2gのm−スルファモイルニトロベンゼンの白色固体を得た。
このようにして得たm−スルファモイルニトロベンゼンと100.0gの亜鉛粉末(1.53mol)の混合物に351.9gの蒸留水を加え、さらに405.5gの26%アンモニア水を加えて84℃に加熱し、30分間反応を行った。反応終了後、少量の水及びTHFで希釈し、溶液が透明になるまで酢酸を添加した。不要の亜鉛粉末を濾別後、濾液より目的物を抽出して得た粗生成物をエタノールから再結晶することで、淡黄色の固形物を得た。
上記の淡黄色の固形物24.8gと濃塩酸120mlを混合し、22時間0℃に保持することで、反応を行った。反応終了後、反応容器に多量の水を加えて濾過した後、乾固し、得られた固体をTHFにて洗浄することで白色の固形物を得た。これを再結晶することで、2,2’−ジスルファモイルベンジジンの淡紫色の結晶8gを得た。
8.5gの濃塩酸(83.8mmol)を68gの水で希釈し、ここへ上記の2,2’−ジスルファモイルベンジジン5.2g(12.5mmol)添加した。この混合物を一旦40℃に加熱することで混合溶解し、次に氷浴を用いて0〜5℃に冷却した。この混合液を5℃以下に保ちながら、5〜10gの水に溶解した1.82gの亜硝酸ナトリウムを10分かけて滴下し、さらに1時間撹拌下反応し黄色の溶液を得た。ここに、アミド硫酸0.4gを6gの水に溶解した溶液を添加し、過剰の亜硝酸ナトリウムを分解し、ジアゾニウム塩溶液を得た。このようにして得られたジアゾニウム塩混合物を9.9gの炭酸ナトリウム(93.4mmol)、90gの水、および4.8gの2−トリフルオロメチルフェノール(29.6mmol)からなる混合溶液に15〜20℃の温度を保ちつつ、2時間かけて滴下した。反応後、酸析で得られた沈殿物をエタノール及び水で再結晶を行い、6.2gの化合物(a)の黄色粉末を得た。
A solution of 110.7 g (0.5 mol) of 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid chloride dissolved in 200 g of THF was dropped into 272 g (4.16 mol) of 26% aqueous ammonia and reacted for 2 hours. Thereafter, 1200 ml of pure water was added to the reaction solution and stirred for 4 hours to obtain 78.2 g of m-sulfamoylnitrobenzene white solid.
351.9 g of distilled water was added to the mixture of m-sulfamoylnitrobenzene thus obtained and 100.0 g of zinc powder (1.53 mol), and then 405.5 g of 26% aqueous ammonia was added to the mixture at 84 ° C. And reacted for 30 minutes. After completion of the reaction, it was diluted with a small amount of water and THF, and acetic acid was added until the solution became clear. Unnecessary zinc powder was separated by filtration, and the crude product obtained by extracting the target product from the filtrate was recrystallized from ethanol to obtain a pale yellow solid.
The reaction was carried out by mixing 24.8 g of the above pale yellow solid and 120 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and maintaining at 0 ° C. for 22 hours. After completion of the reaction, a large amount of water was added to the reaction vessel, filtered, and then dried, and the obtained solid was washed with THF to obtain a white solid. This was recrystallized to obtain 8 g of light purple crystals of 2,2′-disulfamoylbenzidine.
8.5 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid (83.8 mmol) was diluted with 68 g of water, and 5.2 g (12.5 mmol) of the above 2,2′-disulfamoylbenzidine was added thereto. This mixture was once mixed and dissolved by heating to 40 ° C., and then cooled to 0 to 5 ° C. using an ice bath. While maintaining this mixed solution at 5 ° C. or lower, 1.82 g of sodium nitrite dissolved in 5 to 10 g of water was added dropwise over 10 minutes, and the mixture was further reacted with stirring for 1 hour to obtain a yellow solution. A solution prepared by dissolving 0.4 g of amidosulfuric acid in 6 g of water was added thereto to decompose excess sodium nitrite to obtain a diazonium salt solution. The diazonium salt mixture thus obtained was added to a mixed solution consisting of 9.9 g of sodium carbonate (93.4 mmol), 90 g of water, and 4.8 g of 2-trifluoromethylphenol (29.6 mmol). The solution was added dropwise over 2 hours while maintaining a temperature of 20 ° C. After the reaction, the precipitate obtained by acid precipitation was recrystallized with ethanol and water to obtain 6.2 g of a yellow powder of compound (a).

1H-NMR (Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6) δppm
11.74(2H, w), 8.50(2H,s), 8.14(4H,s), 8.06(2H,d), 7.56(2H,d), 7.36(2H,s), 7.28(2H,d), LC-MS : m/z=688
1H-NMR (Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6) δppm
11.74 (2H, w), 8.50 (2H, s), 8.14 (4H, s), 8.06 (2H, d), 7.56 (2H, d), 7.36 (2H, s), 7.28 (2H, d), LC -MS: m / z = 688

(合成例2)
化合物(b)の合成
(Synthesis Example 2)
Synthesis of compound (b)

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

2,2’−ビフェニルジカルボン酸に30.5gに400gの濃硫酸を加え、反応液を氷浴で−5〜0℃に冷却した。次に30mlの濃硝酸を55分かけて滴下し、続いて10℃以下で2時間撹拌下反応した。その後、反応混合物を2000mlの氷水に注ぐことで得た沈殿物を濾過することで4,4’−ジニトロ−ビフェニル−2,2’―ジカルボン酸の淡黄色の固体51.3gを得た。
次に、13.8gの4,4’−ジニトロ−ビフェニル−2,2’―ジカルボン酸、12.0gの塩化チオニル、200mlのTHF、および0.56gのDMFを混合し、2時間環流し、黄色の溶液を得た。過剰の塩化チオニルとTHFは減圧蒸留で除き、残留物を500gの25%アンモニア水に0±2℃に保ちながら40分かけて滴下し、2時間後に白色沈殿物を得た。濾別、乾燥によって12.0g、HPLC純度90%の4,4’−ジニトロ−2,2’―ジベンズアミドを得た。
次にこの4,4’−ジニトロ−2,2’―ジベンズアミド12.0g、還元鉄13.0g、塩化アンモニウム1.3g、エタノール40mlおよび水220mlを混合し、100℃で2時間反応を行った。得られた反応混合物から不要物を濾別して得られた濾液を濃塩酸でpHを1〜2に調整した。減圧濃縮した後、大量のTHFを沈殿物に加え、これを濾過することで、12.5gの4,4’−ジアミノ−2,2’−ジベンズアミドの塩酸塩を得た。
37.63gの濃塩酸を400mlの水に希釈し、これに19.0gの4,4’−ジアミノ−2,2’−ジベンズアミド塩酸塩を加え、氷浴で0〜5℃に冷却した。ここへ、8.026gの亜硝酸ナトリウムを100mlの水に溶かした水溶液を10分間で滴下し、その後1時間撹拌することでジアゾニウム反応を行った。次に、このジアゾニウム塩溶液を140gの炭酸ナトリウム、600mlの水、および21.55gの2−トリフルオロメチルフェノールからなる溶液に滴下し、カップリング反応を10℃で1時間かけて行った。その後、温度を室温にまで2時間かけて戻し、0.1Nの希塩酸を加え、pH=7とした。濾過することで24gの粗生成物を得た。これを2N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に溶解し、酢酸エチルで洗浄後、再度pH7に調整し溶媒を留去した。さらに、THFに溶解後トルエンを加えて再沈殿を行い、化合物(b)の赤褐色の固体を得た。
400 g of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to 30.5 g of 2,2′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, and the reaction solution was cooled to −5 to 0 ° C. in an ice bath. Next, 30 ml of concentrated nitric acid was added dropwise over 55 minutes, followed by reaction at 10 ° C. or lower for 2 hours with stirring. Thereafter, the precipitate obtained by pouring the reaction mixture into 2000 ml of ice water was filtered to obtain 51.3 g of a light yellow solid of 4,4′-dinitro-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid.
Next, 13.8 g 4,4′-dinitro-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid, 12.0 g thionyl chloride, 200 ml THF, and 0.56 g DMF were mixed and refluxed for 2 hours, A yellow solution was obtained. Excess thionyl chloride and THF were removed by distillation under reduced pressure, and the residue was added dropwise to 500 g of 25% aqueous ammonia over 40 minutes while maintaining 0 ± 2 ° C., and a white precipitate was obtained after 2 hours. By filtration and drying, 4,4′-dinitro-2,2′-dibenzamide having 12.0 g and HPLC purity of 90% was obtained.
Next, 12.0 g of this 4,4′-dinitro-2,2′-dibenzamide, 13.0 g of reduced iron, 1.3 g of ammonium chloride, 40 ml of ethanol and 220 ml of water were mixed and reacted at 100 ° C. for 2 hours. It was. Unnecessary substances were filtered off from the obtained reaction mixture, and the filtrate was adjusted to pH 1-2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid. After concentration under reduced pressure, a large amount of THF was added to the precipitate, which was filtered to obtain 12.5 g of 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-dibenzamide hydrochloride.
37.63 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid was diluted in 400 ml of water, and 19.0 g of 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-dibenzamide hydrochloride was added thereto, and the mixture was cooled to 0 to 5 ° C. in an ice bath. The diazonium reaction was performed by dripping the aqueous solution which melt | dissolved 8.026g sodium nitrite in 100 ml water here for 10 minutes, and stirring for 1 hour after that. Next, this diazonium salt solution was added dropwise to a solution consisting of 140 g of sodium carbonate, 600 ml of water, and 21.55 g of 2-trifluoromethylphenol, and the coupling reaction was carried out at 10 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the temperature was returned to room temperature over 2 hours, and 0.1N diluted hydrochloric acid was added to adjust pH = 7. Filtration gave 24 g of crude product. This was dissolved in 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, washed with ethyl acetate, adjusted to pH 7 again, and the solvent was distilled off. Furthermore, after dissolving in THF, toluene was added and reprecipitation was performed to obtain a reddish brown solid of compound (b).

1H-NMR (Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6) δppm
8.120 (s, 4H), 8.108 (d, 2H), 7.997 (s, 2H), 7.954 (dd, 2H), 7.550 (s, 2H), 7.352 (d, 2H), 7.236 (d, 2H)
1H-NMR (Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6) δppm
8.120 (s, 4H), 8.108 (d, 2H), 7.997 (s, 2H), 7.954 (dd, 2H), 7.550 (s, 2H), 7.352 (d, 2H), 7.236 (d, 2H)

(合成例3)
化合物(c)の合成
(Synthesis Example 3)
Synthesis of compound (c)

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

4−ヒドロキシ安息香酸13.8g、ヨウ化カリウム2.5gに、44mlのエタノールと8.4gの水酸化ナトリウムを溶解させた水44mlを加え撹拌し溶解させた。これに6−クロロ−1−ヘキサノール13.6gを徐々に滴下し、16時間環流した。冷却後、撹拌しながら希塩酸を加えて中和し、得られた沈殿物を濾別し、水で洗浄、乾燥することで、4−(6−ヒドロキシヘキシルオキシ)安息香酸22gを得た。
次に、4−(6−ヒドロキシヘキシルオキシ)安息香酸11g、アクリル酸13.3g、トルエン42ml、n−ヘキサン18ml、テトラヒドロフラン26ml、ヒドロキノン0.6g、p−トルエンスルホン酸2.7gを仕込み、撹拌しながら加熱し、生成する水を分離しながら、5時間環流させた。室温まで冷却後、水100mlで洗浄し、酢酸エチル50mlを加えた。次に飽和炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄した後、水相が中性になるまで水で洗浄し、最後に有機溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた粗生成物をトルエンとヘキサンの混合溶媒で再結晶することにより、4−(6−アクリロイルオキシヘキシルオキシ)安息香酸11gを得た。
化合物(a)1g、0.09gのジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)、2gの1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−カルボイミド塩酸塩(WSC)、および0.85gの4−(6−アクリロイルオキシヘキシルオキシ)安息香酸を50mlの塩化メチレンに溶解し、室温で3時間の反応を行った。反応終了後、40mlの飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液および水で有機層を洗浄し、濃縮した。得られた反応生成物はクロロホルム90体積%、アセトニトリル10体積%の混合溶媒を溶離液として、カラムクロマトグラフィにて精製を行い、0.5gの化合物(c)を得た。HPLCによる純度は85%であった。
To 13.8 g of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2.5 g of potassium iodide, 44 ml of water in which 44 ml of ethanol and 8.4 g of sodium hydroxide were dissolved was added and stirred to dissolve. To this, 13.6 g of 6-chloro-1-hexanol was gradually added dropwise and refluxed for 16 hours. After cooling, the mixture was neutralized with dilute hydrochloric acid while stirring, and the resulting precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried to obtain 22 g of 4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid.
Next, 11 g of 4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid, 13.3 g of acrylic acid, 42 ml of toluene, 18 ml of n-hexane, 26 ml of tetrahydrofuran, 0.6 g of hydroquinone, and 2.7 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid were charged and stirred. The mixture was heated while refluxing, and the resulting water was separated and refluxed for 5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, it was washed with 100 ml of water, and 50 ml of ethyl acetate was added. Next, after washing with a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution, washing was carried out with water until the aqueous phase became neutral, and finally the organic solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The obtained crude product was recrystallized with a mixed solvent of toluene and hexane to obtain 11 g of 4- (6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid.
1 g of compound (a), 0.09 g dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 2 g 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -carbimide hydrochloride (WSC), and 0.85 g 4- (6- (Acryloyloxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid was dissolved in 50 ml of methylene chloride and reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, the organic layer was washed with 40 ml of saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and water, and concentrated. The obtained reaction product was purified by column chromatography using a mixed solvent of 90% by volume of chloroform and 10% by volume of acetonitrile as an eluent to obtain 0.5 g of compound (c). The purity by HPLC was 85%.

1H-NMR (Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6) δppm
8.609 (s, 2H), 8.394 (d, 2H), 8.357 (s, 2H), 8.169 (dd, 2H), 8.106 (d, 4H), 7.923 (d, 2H), 7.628 (d, 2H), 7.419 (s, 4H), 7.184 (d, 4H), 6.331 (dd, 2H), 6.178 (dd, 2H), 5.937 (dd, 2H), 4.130 (t, 8H), 1.781 (m, 4H), 1.659 (m, 4H), 1.446 (m, 8H)
1H-NMR (Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6) δppm
8.609 (s, 2H), 8.394 (d, 2H), 8.357 (s, 2H), 8.169 (dd, 2H), 8.106 (d, 4H), 7.923 (d, 2H), 7.628 (d, 2H), 7.419 (s, 4H), 7.184 (d, 4H), 6.331 (dd, 2H), 6.178 (dd, 2H), 5.937 (dd, 2H), 4.130 (t, 8H), 1.781 (m, 4H), 1.659 ( m, 4H), 1.446 (m, 8H)

(合成例4)
化合物(d)の合成
(Synthesis Example 4)
Synthesis of compound (d)

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

化合物(b)1.0g、0.1gのDMAP、2.17gのWSC、および1.0gの4−(6−アクリロイルオキシヘキシルオキシ)安息香酸を50mlの塩化メチレンに溶解し、室温で3時間の反応を行った。反応終了後、飽和炭酸ナトリウム及び水で洗浄後、有機層を濃縮乾固し、30mlのメタノールで洗浄した。得られた粗生成物はクロロホルム80%、アセトニトリル20%の混合溶媒を移動層として、カラムクロマトグラフィにて精製を行い、0.8gの化合物(d)を得た。HPLCによる純度は87%であった。   Compound (b) 1.0 g, 0.1 g DMAP, 2.17 g WSC, and 1.0 g 4- (6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid are dissolved in 50 ml methylene chloride and allowed to reach room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was performed. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was washed with saturated sodium carbonate and water, and the organic layer was concentrated to dryness and washed with 30 ml of methanol. The resulting crude product was purified by column chromatography using a mixed solvent of 80% chloroform and 20% acetonitrile as a moving bed to obtain 0.8 g of compound (d). The purity by HPLC was 87%.

1H-NMR (Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6) δppm
8.367(d, 2H), 8.353 (s, 2H), 8.171 (s, 2H), 8.127 (s, 2H), 8.103 (d, 4H), 8.098 (dd, 2H), 7.898 (d, 2H), 7.615 (s, 2H), 7.437 (d, 2H), 7.179 (d, 4H), 6.331 (dd, 2H), 6.178 (dd, 2H), 5.937 (dd, 2H), 4.129 (t, 8H), 1.781 (m, 4H), 1.659 (m, 4H), 1.445 (m, 8H)
1H-NMR (Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6) δppm
8.367 (d, 2H), 8.353 (s, 2H), 8.171 (s, 2H), 8.127 (s, 2H), 8.103 (d, 4H), 8.098 (dd, 2H), 7.898 (d, 2H), 7.615 (s, 2H), 7.437 (d, 2H), 7.179 (d, 4H), 6.331 (dd, 2H), 6.178 (dd, 2H), 5.937 (dd, 2H), 4.129 (t, 8H), 1.781 ( m, 4H), 1.659 (m, 4H), 1.445 (m, 8H)

参考合成例5
化合物(e)の合成
( Reference Synthesis Example 5 )
Synthesis of compound (e)

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

3−ニトロ安息香酸メチル69.4gと100.0gの亜鉛粉末(1.53mol)の混合物に351.9gの蒸留水を加え、さらに405.5gの26%アンモニア水を加え、84℃に加熱し、30分間反応を行った。その後、溶媒を留去することで、淡黄色の固形物を得た。
上記の淡黄色の固形物21.8gと濃塩酸120mlを混合し、0℃で22時間保持し、反応を行った。反応終了後、反応容器に多量の水を加えて濾過した後、乾固し、得られた固体をTHFにて洗浄することで白色の固形物を得た。これを再結晶することで、2,2’−ジメトキシカルボニルベンジジンの淡紫色の結晶7.0gを得た。
8.5gの濃塩酸(83.8mmol)を68gの水で希釈し、ここへ上記の2,2’−ジメトキシカルボニルベンジジン4.6g(12.5mmol)添加した。この混合物を一旦40℃に加熱することで混合溶解し、次に氷浴を用いて0〜5℃に冷却した。この混合液を5℃以下に保ちながら、5〜10gの水に溶解した1.82gの亜硝酸ナトリウムを10分かけて滴下しすることで黄色の溶液を得た。このようにして得られたジアゾニウム塩混合物を9.9gの炭酸ナトリウム(93.4mmol)、90gの水、および4.8gの2−トリフルオロメチルフェノール(29.6mmol)からなる混合溶液に15〜20℃の温度を保ちつつ、2時間かけて滴下した。沈殿物を濾別することで5.8gの化合物(e)の黄色粉末を得た。
To a mixture of 69.4 g of methyl 3-nitrobenzoate and 100.0 g of zinc powder (1.53 mol), 351.9 g of distilled water was added, and 405.5 g of 26% aqueous ammonia was added, followed by heating to 84 ° C. The reaction was performed for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the solvent was distilled off to obtain a pale yellow solid.
21.8 g of the above pale yellow solid and 120 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid were mixed and held at 0 ° C. for 22 hours to carry out the reaction. After completion of the reaction, a large amount of water was added to the reaction vessel, filtered, and then dried, and the obtained solid was washed with THF to obtain a white solid. This was recrystallized to obtain 7.0 g of light purple crystals of 2,2′-dimethoxycarbonylbenzidine.
8.5 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid (83.8 mmol) was diluted with 68 g of water, and 4.6 g (12.5 mmol) of the above 2,2′-dimethoxycarbonylbenzidine was added thereto. This mixture was once mixed and dissolved by heating to 40 ° C., and then cooled to 0 to 5 ° C. using an ice bath. While maintaining this mixed liquid at 5 ° C. or lower, 1.82 g of sodium nitrite dissolved in 5 to 10 g of water was dropped over 10 minutes to obtain a yellow solution. The diazonium salt mixture thus obtained was added to a mixed solution consisting of 9.9 g of sodium carbonate (93.4 mmol), 90 g of water, and 4.8 g of 2-trifluoromethylphenol (29.6 mmol). The solution was added dropwise over 2 hours while maintaining a temperature of 20 ° C. The precipitate was filtered off to obtain 5.8 g of a yellow powder of compound (e).

(合成例6)
化合物(f)の合成
(Synthesis Example 6)
Synthesis of compound (f)

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

合成例1に記載されている方法で合成した2,2’−ジスルファモイルベンジジン1gを、1.6g塩酸を40gの水に溶かして得られた希塩酸に加え、この溶液を氷浴で0〜5℃に冷却した。0.45gの亜硝酸ナトリウムを10gの水に溶かした水溶液を上記の溶液に滴下し、5℃以下で30分間ジアゾ化反応を行った。得られたジアゾニウム塩混合液を、3.5gの炭酸カリウム、80mlの水、および0.9gの2−ヒドロキシベンジルアルコールからなる溶液に滴下、10℃で1時間、さらに室温に上げ、2時間カップリング反応を行った。その後、0.1Nの塩酸でpH=3に調整し、濾過に続き20mlのアセトニトリルで洗浄することで1.2gの淡赤色の化合物(f)(HPLCによる純度95.6%)を得た。   1 g of 2,2′-disulfamoylbenzidine synthesized by the method described in Synthesis Example 1 was added to dilute hydrochloric acid obtained by dissolving 1.6 g hydrochloric acid in 40 g water, and this solution was added in an ice bath to 0 to 0. Cooled to 5 ° C. An aqueous solution obtained by dissolving 0.45 g of sodium nitrite in 10 g of water was dropped into the above solution, and a diazotization reaction was performed at 5 ° C. or lower for 30 minutes. The obtained diazonium salt mixed solution was dropped into a solution consisting of 3.5 g of potassium carbonate, 80 ml of water, and 0.9 g of 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. A ring reaction was performed. Thereafter, the pH was adjusted to 3 with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, and the filtrate was washed with 20 ml of acetonitrile following filtration to obtain 1.2 g of a pale red compound (f) (purity by HPLC: 95.6%).

(比較合成例1)
化合物(g)の合成
(Comparative Synthesis Example 1)
Synthesis of compound (g)

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

2,2’−ベンジジンジスルホン酸5.17g(15.0mmol)を3.3%(w/v)水酸化ナトリウム水溶液75mlに溶解し、0〜5℃で撹拌した。この温度を保ちつつ、水65mlに溶解した亜硝酸ナトリウム2.28g(33.0mmol)を加え、次いで8N塩酸水溶液22.5mlをゆっくり滴下した。滴下反応後、反応液温度を保ちつつ3時間撹拌を続け、ジアゾニウム塩を調整した。次にo−トリフルオロメチルフェノール4.87g(30.0mmol)を3.3%(w/v)水酸化ナトリウム水溶液150mmolに溶解し、0〜5℃に冷却し、撹拌しつつ上記方法で得られたジアゾニウム塩混合物を徐々に滴下した。滴下終了後、反応駅温度を保ちつつ一晩撹拌を続けた。反応液に、塩化ナトリウム75gを加え、室温でしばらく撹拌し、生じた沈殿を濾別して粗生成物を得た。得られた粗生成物は減圧下乾燥後、熱したアセトンで洗浄し、6.1gの式(g)で表されるアゾ化合物を得た。次いでエタノールと酢酸エチルの混合溶剤より再結晶を行った。   2.2 g (15.0 mmol) of 2,2'-benzidine disulfonic acid was dissolved in 75 ml of 3.3% (w / v) aqueous sodium hydroxide and stirred at 0 to 5 ° C. While maintaining this temperature, 2.28 g (33.0 mmol) of sodium nitrite dissolved in 65 ml of water was added, and then 22.5 ml of 8N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was slowly added dropwise. After the dropping reaction, stirring was continued for 3 hours while maintaining the reaction solution temperature to prepare a diazonium salt. Next, 4.87 g (30.0 mmol) of o-trifluoromethylphenol was dissolved in 150 mmol of 3.3% (w / v) aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, cooled to 0 to 5 ° C., and obtained by the above method with stirring. The resulting diazonium salt mixture was slowly added dropwise. After completion of the dropwise addition, stirring was continued overnight while maintaining the reaction station temperature. To the reaction solution, 75 g of sodium chloride was added, stirred for a while at room temperature, and the resulting precipitate was separated by filtration to obtain a crude product. The obtained crude product was dried under reduced pressure and then washed with heated acetone to obtain 6.1 g of an azo compound represented by the formula (g). Subsequently, recrystallization was performed from a mixed solvent of ethanol and ethyl acetate.

(比較合成例2)
化合物(h)の合成
(Comparative Synthesis Example 2)
Synthesis of compound (h)

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

式(g)で表される化合物2.00g(2.70mmol)、4−(6−アクリロイルオキシヘキシルオキシ)安息香酸1.74g(5.94mmol)、1−エチル−3−(3’−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩1.30g(6.77mmol)をN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド20mlに溶解し、氷浴で冷却しながら撹拌し、4−(N,N−ジメチルアミノ)ピリジン230mg(1.89mmol)をN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド4mlに溶かした溶液をゆっくり加えた。氷浴を外し、室温で3時間撹拌後、反応液を氷−1N塩酸水に注ぎ、ジクロロメタンで抽出した。有機層は水、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水、次いで飽和食塩水で順次洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。有機層を濾過し、濾液を減圧か濃縮して得られた残部をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液 ジクロロメタン/メタノール/酢酸=40/1/1/〜20/1/1)で精製し、目的物を含むフラクションを集め、水、次いで飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水で洗浄後、溶剤を減圧留去した。残部をn−ヘキサンで洗浄し、式(h)で表されるアゾ化合物1.6gを得た。   2.00 g (2.70 mmol) of the compound represented by the formula (g), 1.74 g (5.94 mmol) of 4- (6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid, 1-ethyl-3- (3′-dimethyl) 1.30 g (6.77 mmol) of aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride was dissolved in 20 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide, stirred while cooling in an ice bath, and 230 mg of 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) pyridine (1. 89 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide 4 ml was slowly added. After removing the ice bath and stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, the reaction solution was poured into ice-lN hydrochloric acid and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed successively with water, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate and then saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The organic layer was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure or concentrated, and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent dichloromethane / methanol / acetic acid = 40/1/1 / to 20/1/1) to obtain the desired product. The fractions containing were collected, washed with water and then with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The remainder was washed with n-hexane to obtain 1.6 g of an azo compound represented by the formula (h).

実施例1、2、4、参考例3、比較例1)
実施例1、2、参考例3、実施例4および比較例1はそれぞれ化合物(a)、(b)、(e)、(f)、(g)を用い、以下の方法で光配向膜を作製した。
化合物1.0重量部にN−メチル−ピロリドン49.5重量部、2−ブトキシエタノール49.5重量部を加え、溶解させた。得られた溶液を0.45μmのメンブランフィルターで加圧濾過して、光配向膜用溶液を得た。次に得られた光配向膜用溶液をスピンコーターでITO電極付きのガラス基板に塗布し、100℃で1分間乾燥した。次に超高圧水銀ランプの光からバンドパスフィルターにより中心波長365nmの光を得、球面ミラーを用いて平行光とした後に、偏光フィルターを通すことで得た偏光紫外線を得られた塗膜面に垂直に照射した。この時の積算露光量は1J/cmであった。
上記作製方法にて得られた光配向膜付きガラス基板の周囲に直径10μmのシリカビーズを含んだエポキシ系接着剤で液晶注入口を残して塗布し、80℃で30分間予備硬化した後、接着剤が塗布されていない光配向膜付きガラス基板と配向面を対向させ、配向方向が上下で直交する用に重ね合わせて圧着し、150℃で90分保持することで接着剤を硬化させた。続いて、TFT−LCD用液晶組成物を真空下で液晶注入口より注入充填し、液晶注入口を封孔することで、評価用のTN液晶セルを得た。
( Examples 1, 2, 4, Reference Example 3 , Comparative Example 1)
Examples 1, 2, Reference Example 3, Example 4, and Comparative Example 1 use compounds (a), (b), (e), (f), and (g), respectively. Produced.
To 1.0 part by weight of the compound, 49.5 parts by weight of N-methyl-pyrrolidone and 49.5 parts by weight of 2-butoxyethanol were added and dissolved. The obtained solution was subjected to pressure filtration with a 0.45 μm membrane filter to obtain a photoalignment film solution. Next, the obtained optical alignment film solution was applied to a glass substrate with an ITO electrode by a spin coater and dried at 100 ° C. for 1 minute. Next, light with a central wavelength of 365 nm is obtained from the light of the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp by a bandpass filter, converted into parallel light by using a spherical mirror, and then polarized ultraviolet light obtained by passing through a polarizing filter is obtained on the coating film surface. Irradiated vertically. The integrated exposure amount at this time was 1 J / cm 2 .
A glass substrate with a photo-alignment film obtained by the above production method was applied around an epoxy adhesive containing silica beads having a diameter of 10 μm, leaving a liquid crystal injection port, precured at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then bonded. The glass substrate with a photo-alignment film to which the agent was not applied and the alignment surface were opposed to each other, and the adhesive was cured by overlapping and pressing the layers so that the alignment directions were perpendicular to each other at 150 ° C. for 90 minutes. Subsequently, a TN liquid crystal cell for evaluation was obtained by injecting and filling a liquid crystal composition for TFT-LCD from a liquid crystal inlet under vacuum and sealing the liquid crystal inlet.

(実施例5,6、比較例2)
実施例5、6および比較例2には、それぞれ化合物(c)、(d)、(h)を用い、以下の方法で光配向膜を作製した。
化合物1.0重量部にN−メチル−ピロリドン49.5重量部、2−ブトキシエタノール49.5重量部を加え、さらに、0.04重量部の熱重合開始剤を加えて溶解させた。得られた溶液を0.45μmのメンブランフィルターで加圧濾過して、光配向膜用溶液を得た。次に得られた光配向膜用溶液をスピンコーターでITO電極付きのガラス基板に塗布し、100℃で1分間乾燥した。次に超高圧水銀ランプの光からバンドパスフィルターにより中心波長365nmの光を得、球面ミラーを用いて平行光とした後に、偏光フィルターを通すことで得た偏光紫外線を得られた塗膜面に垂直に照射した。この時の積算露光量は1J/cmであった。次に得られた光配向膜を窒素雰囲気下、150℃で1時間加熱することによって熱重合を行った。
このようにして得られた光配向膜付きガラス基板を用いて、実施例1〜3および比較例1と同様の方法で評価用のTN液晶セルを得た。
(Examples 5 and 6, Comparative Example 2)
In Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Example 2, compounds (c), (d), and (h) were used, and photoalignment films were prepared by the following method.
To 1.0 part by weight of the compound, 49.5 parts by weight of N-methyl-pyrrolidone and 49.5 parts by weight of 2-butoxyethanol were added, and 0.04 part by weight of a thermal polymerization initiator was further added and dissolved. The obtained solution was subjected to pressure filtration with a 0.45 μm membrane filter to obtain a photoalignment film solution. Next, the obtained optical alignment film solution was applied to a glass substrate with an ITO electrode by a spin coater and dried at 100 ° C. for 1 minute. Next, light with a central wavelength of 365 nm is obtained from the light of the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp by a bandpass filter, converted into parallel light by using a spherical mirror, and then polarized ultraviolet light obtained by passing through a polarizing filter is obtained on the coating film surface. Irradiated vertically. The integrated exposure amount at this time was 1 J / cm 2 . Next, thermal polymerization was performed by heating the obtained photo-alignment film at 150 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere.
A TN liquid crystal cell for evaluation was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 using the thus obtained glass substrate with a photo-alignment film.

(光配向膜の評価方法)
(液晶配向性)
液晶配向性は、CCDセンサーを取り付けた偏光顕微鏡を使用し、コントラスト比によって評価を行った。ここで、偏光顕微鏡のタングステンランプ光源からの光を完全に遮断した時の透過率を0%、偏光子と検光子の偏光方向を平行とし、評価用試料を置かない状態での透過率を100%となるようCCDセンサーからの出力を換算した。上記で作製したTN液晶表示素子を、電圧を印加しない状態で最も透過率が大きくなるような方向に配置し、TN液晶表示素子の電極間に0Vから5Vの電圧を印加、掃引することで、電圧−透過率(V−T)曲線を測定した。なお、コントラスト比は次式で表した。
(Evaluation method of photo-alignment film)
(Liquid crystal orientation)
The liquid crystal orientation was evaluated by contrast ratio using a polarizing microscope equipped with a CCD sensor. Here, the transmittance when the light from the tungsten lamp light source of the polarizing microscope is completely cut off is 0%, the polarization directions of the polarizer and the analyzer are parallel, and the transmittance when no sample for evaluation is placed is 100. The output from the CCD sensor was converted to be%. By arranging the TN liquid crystal display element produced as described above in the direction in which the transmittance is maximized without applying a voltage, and applying and sweeping a voltage of 0 V to 5 V between the electrodes of the TN liquid crystal display element, A voltage-transmittance (V-T) curve was measured. The contrast ratio was expressed by the following formula.

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734

(電圧保持率)
作製したTN液晶表示素子に64μsec、5Vの電圧パルスを印加し、200msec後における電極間の電圧と印加電圧の比によって表した。
(Voltage holding ratio)
A voltage pulse of 64 μsec and 5 V was applied to the manufactured TN liquid crystal display element, and the voltage was expressed by the ratio between the voltage between the electrodes and the applied voltage after 200 msec.

(高温高湿度耐久性試験)
作製したTN液晶表示素子を温度60℃、湿度90%の条件下で1000時間放置した後の電圧保持率を測定した。電圧保持率の測定は、上記の評価方法に従った。高温高湿度試験前後の電圧保持率の差から、初期値に対する変化率を計算した。
(High temperature and high humidity durability test)
The voltage holding ratio after the produced TN liquid crystal display element was allowed to stand for 1000 hours at a temperature of 60 ° C. and a humidity of 90% was measured. The voltage holding ratio was measured according to the above evaluation method. The rate of change relative to the initial value was calculated from the difference in voltage holding ratio before and after the high temperature and high humidity test.

(評価結果)
表に各化合物による光配向膜のコントラスト比、電圧保持率、及び高温高湿度耐久性の
評価結果を示す。表から、実施例1、2、4〜6のTN液晶表示素子はコントラスト比が高く良好な配向性、約98%以上の高い電圧保持率を示すとともに、高温高湿度耐久性試験後も95%以上の高い電圧保持率を維持していることが分かる。
(Evaluation results)
The table shows the evaluation results of the contrast ratio, voltage holding ratio, and high-temperature and high-humidity durability of the photo-alignment film by each compound. From the table, the TN liquid crystal display elements of Examples 1, 2, and 4 to 6 have a high contrast ratio, good orientation, a high voltage holding ratio of about 98% or more, and 95% after the high temperature and high humidity durability test. It can be seen that the above high voltage holding ratio is maintained.

Figure 0005186734
Figure 0005186734




Claims (4)

一般式(1)で表されることを特徴とするアゾ化合物。
Figure 0005186734
(式中、R、Rは、各々独立して、ヒドロキシル基、又は(メタ)アクリロイル基、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基、(メタ)アクリルアミド基、ビニル基及びマレイミド基からなる群から選ばれる重合性官能基を表す。
はRがヒドロキシル基の場合、単結合を表し、Rが(メタ)アクリロイル基、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基、(メタ)アクリルアミド基、ビニル基及びマレイミド基からなる群から選ばれる重合性官能基の場合、−(A−B−で表される連結基を表し、Xは、Rがヒドロキシル基の場合、単結合を表し、Rが重合性官能基の場合、−(A−B−で表される連結基を表す。なお、BはRと結合し、BはRと結合するものとする。ここで、A及びAは各々独立して単結合、炭素数1〜18の直鎖状アルキレン基、炭素数1〜18の分枝状アルキレン基、フェニレン基、炭素数1〜18の直鎖状若しくは分枝状アルコキシ基を有するフェニレン基、又はアリーレン基を表し、
及びBは各々独立して単結合、−O−、−CO−O−、−O−CO−、−CO−NH−、−NH−CO−、−NH−CO−O−、又は−O−CO−NH−を表すが、R及びRの結合において、−O−O−結合を形成することはない。
m及びnは各々独立して0〜4の整数を表す。但し、m又はnが2以上のとき、複数あるA、B、A、及びBは同じであっても異なっていても良い。但し、二つのB又はBの間に挟まれたA又はAは、単結合でないものとする。RおよびRは各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ハロゲン化メチル基、ハロゲン化メトキシ基、シアノ基又は水酸基、−OR(但し、Rは、炭素原子数2〜6のアルキル基、炭素原子数3〜6のシクロアルキル基、または炭素原子数1〜6の低級アルコキシ基で置換された炭素原子数1〜6のアルキル基を表す)、炭素原子数1〜4のヒドロキシアルキル基、または−CONR(R及びRは、各々独立して水素原子または炭素原子数1〜6の低級アルキル基を表す)、またはメトキシカルボニル基を表す。
およびRは各々独立して、カルバモイル基又はスルファモイル基を表す。
An azo compound represented by the general formula (1).
Figure 0005186734
(Wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, or (meth) acryloyl group, (meth) acryloyloxy group, (meth) acrylamide group, vinyl group and maleimide group). Represents a polymerizable functional group.
X 1 represents a single bond when R 1 is a hydroxyl group, and R 1 is a polymerization selected from the group consisting of a (meth) acryloyl group, a (meth) acryloyloxy group, a (meth) acrylamide group, a vinyl group, and a maleimide group. In the case of a functional group, it represents a linking group represented by-(A 1 -B 1 ) m- , X 2 represents a single bond when R 2 is a hydroxyl group, and R 2 represents a polymerizable functional group If, - it represents a linking group represented - (a 2 -B 2) n . B 1 is bonded to R 1 and B 2 is bonded to R 2 . Here, A 1 and A 2 are each independently a single bond, a linear alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a branched alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenylene group, or a straight chain having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Represents a phenylene group having a chain or branched alkoxy group, or an arylene group ,
B 1 and B 2 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CO—NH—, —NH—CO—, —NH—CO—O—, or represents an -O-CO-NH-, in the binding of R 1 and R 2, it does not form a -O-O- bond.
m and n each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4. However, when m or n is 2 or more, a plurality of A 1 , B 1 , A 2 , and B 2 may be the same or different. However, A 1 or A 2 interposed between two B 1 or B 2 shall not a single bond. R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a halogenated methyl group, a halogenated methoxy group, a cyano group or a hydroxyl group, —OR 7 (where R 7 is an alkyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms) Group, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with a lower alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms A group, or -CONR 8 R 9 (R 8 and R 9 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or a methoxycarbonyl group.
R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a carbamoyl group or a sulfamoyl group. )
前記一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物を含有することを特徴とする光配向膜用組成物。 A composition for photo-alignment films, comprising an azo compound represented by the general formula (1). 請求項2に記載の光配向膜用組成物を基板上に塗布した後、異方性を有する光により一般式(1)で表されるアゾ化合物を配向させて得ることを特徴とする光配向膜。 A photo-alignment obtained by orienting the azo compound represented by the general formula (1) with light having anisotropy after coating the composition for a photo-alignment film according to claim 2 on a substrate. film. 請求項3に記載の光配向膜を使用することを特徴とする液晶表示素子。 A liquid crystal display element using the photo-alignment film according to claim 3.
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JP4506333B2 (en) * 2003-07-31 2010-07-21 Dic株式会社 Manufacturing method of optical anisotropic body
JP5145660B2 (en) * 2005-10-18 2013-02-20 Dic株式会社 Composition for photo-alignment film, method for producing photo-alignment film, optical anisotropic body using the same, optical element, and method for producing the same
JP4935982B2 (en) * 2005-11-10 2012-05-23 Dic株式会社 Composition for photo-alignment film, optical anisotropic body and method for producing the same

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