JP5065077B2 - Thermoelectric generator - Google Patents

Thermoelectric generator Download PDF

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JP5065077B2
JP5065077B2 JP2008035966A JP2008035966A JP5065077B2 JP 5065077 B2 JP5065077 B2 JP 5065077B2 JP 2008035966 A JP2008035966 A JP 2008035966A JP 2008035966 A JP2008035966 A JP 2008035966A JP 5065077 B2 JP5065077 B2 JP 5065077B2
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temperature side
side heat
thermoelectric conversion
heat exchanger
conversion module
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JP2009194299A (en
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仁才 儲
美香 向島
勉 畠中
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Komatsu Ltd
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本発明は、熱電変換素子を用いることにより温度差を利用して発電を行う熱電発電装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a thermoelectric power generation apparatus that generates power using a temperature difference by using a thermoelectric conversion element.

従来から、熱電変換素子を高温側熱交換器と低温側熱交換器との間に配置して発電を行う熱電発電が知られている。熱電変換素子は、ペルチェ効果、トムソン効果、又は、ゼーベック効果と呼ばれる熱電効果を応用したものであり、半導体材料を用いる場合には、Ｐ型の熱電変換素子とＮ型の熱電変換素子とを組み合わせて熱電変換モジュールが構成される。このような熱電変換モジュールは、構造が簡単かつ取り扱いが容易で安定な特性を維持できることから、自動車のエンジンや工場の炉等から排出されるガス中の熱を利用して発電を行う熱電発電への適用に向けて、広く研究が進められている。   Conventionally, thermoelectric power generation is known in which a thermoelectric conversion element is disposed between a high temperature side heat exchanger and a low temperature side heat exchanger to generate electric power. The thermoelectric conversion element applies a thermoelectric effect called the Peltier effect, Thomson effect, or Seebeck effect. When a semiconductor material is used, a P-type thermoelectric conversion element and an N-type thermoelectric conversion element are combined. Thus, a thermoelectric conversion module is configured. Such a thermoelectric conversion module has a simple structure, is easy to handle, and can maintain stable characteristics. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion module can generate heat using heat in gas discharged from an engine of an automobile or a furnace of a factory. Research is being advanced toward the application of.

熱電発電への適用においては、高温側熱交換器及び低温側熱交換器の性能向上が求められるのは勿論のこと、高温側熱交換器又は低温側熱交換器と熱電変換モジュールとの間の接触熱抵抗も、熱電変換モジュールの両側の温度差に大きく影響することが知られている。特に、熱電変換モジュールにおいて、両側の温度差によって変形が生じて接触熱抵抗が増大すると、熱電変換効率の大幅な低下が生じてしまう。   In the application to thermoelectric power generation, not only the performance improvement of the high temperature side heat exchanger and the low temperature side heat exchanger is required, but also between the high temperature side heat exchanger or the low temperature side heat exchanger and the thermoelectric conversion module. It is known that the contact thermal resistance also greatly affects the temperature difference between both sides of the thermoelectric conversion module. In particular, in a thermoelectric conversion module, when deformation occurs due to a temperature difference between the two sides and contact thermal resistance increases, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is significantly reduced.

また、熱電変換モジュールの耐久性の観点からは、熱電変換モジュールが酸素に触れない環境が望ましい。熱電変換モジュール自体を完全に封止したものも存在するが、そのような熱電変換モジュールを使用すると、高温側熱交換器又は低温側熱交換器と熱電変換モジュールとの間が多層構造になってしまうので、接触熱抵抗が増大するという欠点がある。   Further, from the viewpoint of durability of the thermoelectric conversion module, an environment where the thermoelectric conversion module does not come into contact with oxygen is desirable. Some thermoelectric conversion modules are completely sealed. However, when such a thermoelectric conversion module is used, a multilayer structure is formed between the high temperature side heat exchanger or the low temperature side heat exchanger and the thermoelectric conversion module. Therefore, there is a drawback that the contact thermal resistance increases.

関連する技術として、特許文献１には、熱発電体を加熱部と冷却部との間に適正に保持することを目的とする熱発電装置が開示されている。この熱発電装置は、それぞれ高温側と低温側との温度差によって起電力を生じる複数の熱発電モジュールと、複数の熱発電モジュールの高温側に接触する高温側熱交換器と、高温側熱交換器との間で複数の熱発電モジュールを挟むようにして複数の熱発電モジュールの低温側に接触する低温側熱交換器と、複数の熱発電モジュールを高温側熱交換器と低温側熱交換器との間に挟み込んでそれぞれ保持するための荷重を付与する皿ばねと、皿ばねによる保持荷重を複数の熱発電モジュール毎に独立して調整可能な荷重調整機構とを備えている。   As a related technique, Patent Literature 1 discloses a thermoelectric generator that aims to properly hold a thermoelectric generator between a heating unit and a cooling unit. The thermoelectric generator includes a plurality of thermoelectric modules that generate an electromotive force due to a temperature difference between a high temperature side and a low temperature side, a high temperature side heat exchanger that contacts the high temperature side of the plurality of thermoelectric modules, and a high temperature side heat exchange A low temperature side heat exchanger that is in contact with the low temperature side of the plurality of thermoelectric generation modules so that the plurality of thermoelectric generation modules are sandwiched between them, and the plurality of thermoelectric generation modules are connected to the high temperature side heat exchanger and the low temperature side heat exchanger. There are provided a disc spring for applying a load to be sandwiched between the disc springs and a load adjusting mechanism capable of independently adjusting the holding load by the disc spring for each of the plurality of thermoelectric modules.

荷重調整機構は、具体的には、共通のブラケット（筐体）に固着されたウェルドナットと、ウェルドナットに螺合されている荷重調整ボルトと、荷重調整ボルトの先端と皿ばねとの間に挟まれたばね押えプレートとを主要構成要素としている。しかしながら、このような機構は複雑であり、スタック構造とすることができないので、熱電発電装置を小型化するのには適していない。
特開２００７−１４９８４１号公報（第１、８頁、図１） Specifically, the load adjustment mechanism includes a weld nut fixed to a common bracket (housing), a load adjustment bolt screwed to the weld nut, and a tip between the load adjustment bolt and the disc spring. The sandwiched spring retainer plate is the main component. However, such a mechanism is complicated and cannot be made into a stack structure, and is not suitable for downsizing a thermoelectric generator.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-149841 (first and eighth pages, FIG. 1)

そこで、上記の点に鑑み、本発明は、熱交換器と熱電変換モジュールとの間の接触熱抵抗を低減して、熱電変換効率が高く、耐久性及び信頼性に優れ、コンパクトでスペース効率及びメインテナンス性が良好な熱電発電装置を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, in view of the above points, the present invention reduces the contact thermal resistance between the heat exchanger and the thermoelectric conversion module, and has high thermoelectric conversion efficiency, excellent durability and reliability, compact, space efficiency, and An object of the present invention is to provide a thermoelectric generator having good maintainability.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明の１つの観点に係る熱電発電装置は、高温のガスと低温の冷却液との温度差を利用して発電を行う熱電発電装置であって、対向して配置され、冷却液が導入される第１及び第２の低温側熱交換器と、第１及び第２の低温側熱交換器の対向した第１の面と第２の面との間に分散して配置された複数のバネと、第１の低温側熱交換器の第１の面と反対側の面に取り付けられた少なくとも１つの第１の熱電変換モジュールと、第２の低温側熱交換器の第２の面と反対側の面に取り付けられた少なくとも１つの第２の熱電変換モジュールと、第１の低温側熱交換器との間で少なくとも１つの第１の熱電変換モジュールを挟むように配置され、ガスが導入される第１の高温側熱交換器と、第２の低温側熱交換器との間で少なくとも１つの第２の熱電変換モジュールを挟むように配置され、ガスが導入される第２の高温側熱交換器とを具備する。   In order to solve the above problems, a thermoelectric power generation device according to one aspect of the present invention is a thermoelectric power generation device that generates power using a temperature difference between a high-temperature gas and a low-temperature coolant, and is disposed so as to face each other. And the first and second low-temperature side heat exchangers into which the coolant is introduced and the first and second low-temperature side heat exchangers that are distributed between the first and second surfaces facing each other. A plurality of springs, at least one first thermoelectric conversion module attached to a surface opposite to the first surface of the first low temperature side heat exchanger, and a second low temperature side heat exchanger And sandwiching at least one first thermoelectric conversion module between at least one second thermoelectric conversion module attached to a surface opposite to the second surface of the first heat exchanger and the first low temperature side heat exchanger. Between the first high temperature side heat exchanger arranged and gas introduced and the second low temperature side heat exchanger Without even being disposed so as to sandwich one second thermoelectric conversion module, and second high-temperature-side heat exchanger the gas is introduced.

本発明によれば、第１及び第２の低温側熱交換器の間で複数のバネを収縮させながら第１及び第２の高温側熱交換器を連結することにより、熱交換器と熱電変換モジュールとの間の接触熱抵抗を低減して、熱電変換効率が高く、耐久性及び信頼性に優れ、コンパクトでスペース効率及びメインテナンス性が良好な熱電発電装置を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, by connecting the first and second high temperature side heat exchangers while contracting a plurality of springs between the first and second low temperature side heat exchangers, the heat exchanger and the thermoelectric conversion By reducing the contact thermal resistance between the modules, a thermoelectric power generator having high thermoelectric conversion efficiency, excellent durability and reliability, compact, good space efficiency and maintainability can be provided.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について、図面を参照しながら詳しく説明する。なお、同一の構成要素には同一の参照番号を付して、説明を省略する。
図１は、本発明の第１の実施形態に係る熱電発電装置の構成単位を示す平面図である。また、図２は、図１に示す熱電発電装置の構成要素を分解して示す斜視図であり、図３は、図２に示す構成要素が結合された状態を示す斜視図である。図１〜図３に示すように、この熱電発電装置は、２つの高温側熱交換器（高温ダクト）１０と、少なくとも１つの熱電変換モジュール２０が各々に取り付けられた２つの低温側熱交換器（冷却板）３０とを含んでいる。 Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The same constituent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a structural unit of a thermoelectric generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing components of the thermoelectric generator shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the components shown in FIG. 2 are combined. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, this thermoelectric power generation apparatus includes two high temperature side heat exchangers (high temperature ducts) 10 and two low temperature side heat exchangers each having at least one thermoelectric conversion module 20 attached thereto. (Cooling plate) 30.

高温側熱交換器１０には、自動車のエンジンや工場の炉等からの高温の排ガスが導入される。また、低温側熱交換器３０には、冷却液（例えば水）が導入される。図２に示すように、各々の低温側熱交換器３０には、水を第１の方向（図２における下方）及び第２の方向（図２における上方）にそれぞれ流すための流路３０ａが設けられており、上下２つの低温側熱交換器３０の流路３０ａ同士は、シール材（例えば、Ｏリング）３０ｂを介して連結される。   High temperature exhaust gas from an automobile engine, a factory furnace, or the like is introduced into the high temperature side heat exchanger 10. In addition, a coolant (for example, water) is introduced into the low temperature side heat exchanger 30. As shown in FIG. 2, each low temperature side heat exchanger 30 has a flow path 30a for flowing water in a first direction (downward in FIG. 2) and a second direction (upward in FIG. 2). The flow paths 30a of the upper and lower two low-temperature side heat exchangers 30 are connected to each other through a sealing material (for example, an O-ring) 30b.

本実施形態においては、２つの低温側熱交換器３０が、上下２段に積み重ねられている。上下２段の内の一方の低温側熱交換器３０に固定された位置決め部材（例えば、パンチングメタル）４１の複数の開口内に、複数のバネ４０が分散して配置されており、上下２つの低温側熱交換器３０は、複数のバネ４０を挟むように対向して配置される。このように複数のバネ４０を分散して配置することにより、高温側熱交換器１０又は低温側熱交換器３０と熱電変換モジュール２０との間の接触熱抵抗を低減させることができると共に、熱電変換モジュール２０の耐振性を向上させることができる。   In this embodiment, the two low temperature side heat exchangers 30 are stacked in two upper and lower stages. A plurality of springs 40 are distributed and arranged in a plurality of openings of a positioning member (for example, punching metal) 41 fixed to one low temperature side heat exchanger 30 in the upper and lower two stages. The low temperature side heat exchanger 30 is arranged to face each other with the plurality of springs 40 interposed therebetween. By disposing the plurality of springs 40 in this manner, the contact thermal resistance between the high temperature side heat exchanger 10 or the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 and the thermoelectric conversion module 20 can be reduced, and the thermoelectric The vibration resistance of the conversion module 20 can be improved.

ここで、低温側熱交換器３０の冷却液の出入り口を、剛性を有する流路３０ａによる積層構造とすることにより、上下に連続して積み重ねられた低温側熱交換器３０の冷却液の入口及び出口の各々を１本のパイプに連結することができる。また、熱電変換モジュール２０と低温側熱交換器３０とを一体化して封止することにより、熱電変換モジュール２０を単独で封止する必要がなくなるので、熱電変換モジュール２０と低温側熱交換器３０との間の接触熱抵抗を増加させずに、熱電変換モジュール２０を完全に封止することが可能となる。   Here, the inlet / outlet of the coolant of the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 has a laminated structure by the flow path 30a having rigidity, so that the inlet of the coolant of the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 that is continuously stacked up and down and Each of the outlets can be connected to a single pipe. Moreover, since the thermoelectric conversion module 20 and the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 are integrated and sealed, there is no need to seal the thermoelectric conversion module 20 alone, so the thermoelectric conversion module 20 and the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 are sealed. It becomes possible to completely seal the thermoelectric conversion module 20 without increasing the contact thermal resistance between them.

高温側熱交換器１０は、例えば、ステンレス鋼で形成され、高い剛性を有している。一方、低温側熱交換器３０は、例えば、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金で形成され、柔軟性を有している。さらに、低温側熱交換器３０に柔軟性を持たせるために、低温側熱交換器３０の板材の肉厚を例えば１ｍｍ程度に薄くしたり、内部流路の高さを例えば２ｍｍ程度に低くしたり、図５〜図７に示すように低温側熱交換器３０自体をガスの流れ方向と直交する方向に細長く分割するようにしても良い。そのようにすれば、低温側熱交換器３０が、１枚の薄い板のように柔軟になる。   The high temperature side heat exchanger 10 is made of stainless steel, for example, and has high rigidity. On the other hand, the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 is formed of, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy and has flexibility. Further, in order to give flexibility to the low temperature side heat exchanger 30, the thickness of the plate of the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 is reduced to, for example, about 1 mm, or the height of the internal flow path is reduced to, for example, about 2 mm. Or as shown in FIGS. 5-7, you may make it divide the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 itself long and thinly in the direction orthogonal to the flow direction of gas. If it does so, the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 will become flexible like one thin board.

図３に示すように、低温側熱交換器３０を貫通する多段ボルト５０を用いて、２つの高温側熱交換器１０を上下から締め付けて連結すると、上下２段の低温側熱交換器３０の間で複数のバネ４０が収縮すると共に低温側熱交換器３０が変形して、熱電変換モジュール２０が高温側熱交換器１０に押し付けられて密着する。同時に、上下２段の低温側熱交換器３０の流路３０ａ同士が連結する。これにより、接触熱抵抗が低減するので、大幅な熱電変換効率の向上が期待できる。また、バネ４０を押すための補助部品を要しないので、熱電発電装置の構造をシンプルにすることができる。   As shown in FIG. 3, when two high-temperature side heat exchangers 10 are fastened and connected from above and below using multi-stage bolts 50 that penetrate the low-temperature side heat exchanger 30, In the meantime, the plurality of springs 40 are contracted and the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 is deformed, and the thermoelectric conversion module 20 is pressed against the high temperature side heat exchanger 10 to be in close contact therewith. At the same time, the flow paths 30a of the two low temperature side heat exchangers 30 in the upper and lower stages are connected. As a result, the contact thermal resistance is reduced, and a significant improvement in thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be expected. Further, since no auxiliary part for pushing the spring 40 is required, the structure of the thermoelectric generator can be simplified.

ここで、図４の（Ａ）に示すように、低温側熱交換器３０を貫通する多段ボルト５０と高温側熱交換器１０とを直接接触させても良いし、図４の（Ｂ）に示すように、多段ボルト５０と高温側熱交換器１０との間にカラー５１等を挟んで、高温側熱交換器１０同士の間隔を調整できるようにしても良い。なお、図３においては、各々の高温側熱交換器１０の１箇所に取り付けられた多段ボルト５０のみを示しているが、実際には、各々の高温側熱交換器１０の複数箇所（図１においては、２０箇所）に多段ボルト５０が低温側熱交換器３０を通して取り付けられる。図５に示すように、低温側熱交換器３０が細長く分割された場合には、細長く分割された低温側熱交換器３０の間を通して、多段ボルト５０が取り付けられるようにしても良い。   Here, as shown in FIG. 4A, the multi-stage bolt 50 penetrating the low-temperature side heat exchanger 30 and the high-temperature side heat exchanger 10 may be brought into direct contact with each other. As illustrated, a collar 51 or the like may be sandwiched between the multistage bolt 50 and the high temperature side heat exchanger 10 so that the distance between the high temperature side heat exchangers 10 can be adjusted. In FIG. 3, only the multi-stage bolt 50 attached to one location of each high temperature side heat exchanger 10 is shown, but actually, a plurality of locations (see FIG. 1) of each high temperature side heat exchanger 10. The multi-stage bolt 50 is attached through the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 at 20 places). As shown in FIG. 5, when the low-temperature side heat exchanger 30 is divided into elongated portions, the multi-stage bolts 50 may be attached between the elongated low-temperature side heat exchangers 30.

さらに、低温側熱交換器３０を貫通する多段ボルト５０を用いることにより、図３に示すような構成単位を積み上げてスタック構造とすることができるので、熱電発電装置のコンパクト性が向上する。その場合には、高温側熱交換器１０の層、熱電変換モジュール２０の層、低温側熱交換器３０の層、バネ４０の層、低温側熱交換器３０の層、熱電変換モジュール２０の層、高温側熱交換器１０の層、熱電変換モジュール２０の層、低温側熱交換器３０の層、・・・の順序で各層が配置される。   Furthermore, by using the multistage bolt 50 penetrating the low temperature side heat exchanger 30, the structural units as shown in FIG. 3 can be stacked to form a stack structure, so that the compactness of the thermoelectric generator is improved. In that case, the layer of the high temperature side heat exchanger 10, the layer of the thermoelectric conversion module 20, the layer of the low temperature side heat exchanger 30, the layer of the spring 40, the layer of the low temperature side heat exchanger 30, the layer of the thermoelectric conversion module 20 The layers are arranged in the order of layers of the high-temperature side heat exchanger 10, the layer of the thermoelectric conversion module 20, the layer of the low-temperature side heat exchanger 30, and so on.

図５は、本発明の第１の実施形態の変形例に係る熱電発電装置の構成単位を示す平面図である。また、図６は、図５に示す熱電発電装置の構成要素を分解して示す斜視図であり、図７は、図６に示す構成要素が結合された状態を示す斜視図である。第１の実施形態の変形例においては、低温側熱交換器３０が、ガスの流れ方向と直交する方向に細長く分割されており、水平方向において複数列（図５〜図７においては、３列）の低温側熱交換器３０が、それぞれ上下２段に積み重ねられている。その他の点に関しては、本発明の第１の実施形態と同一である。   FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a structural unit of a thermoelectric generator according to a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing the components of the thermoelectric generator shown in FIG. 5, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state in which the components shown in FIG. 6 are combined. In the modified example of the first embodiment, the low-temperature side heat exchanger 30 is elongated in a direction orthogonal to the gas flow direction, and a plurality of rows in the horizontal direction (three rows in FIGS. 5 to 7). ) Low temperature side heat exchangers 30 are stacked in two upper and lower stages. The other points are the same as those of the first embodiment of the present invention.

図２及び図６を参照すると、高温側熱交換器１０及び低温側熱交換器３０の内部において、少なくとも熱電変換モジュール２０の位置に対応する領域に、ピン形状を有する多数の伝熱フィンが設けられている。   Referring to FIGS. 2 and 6, a large number of heat transfer fins having a pin shape are provided at least in a region corresponding to the position of the thermoelectric conversion module 20 in the high temperature side heat exchanger 10 and the low temperature side heat exchanger 30. It has been.

高温側熱交換器１０に設けられる伝熱フィンは、例えば、ステンレス鋼によって形成され、フィンの断面形状は様々であるが、相当直径を例えば１ｍｍ程度に細くすることによって、ガスの流れに対する流動抵抗が抑えられて伝熱性能が向上するのみならず、すすも付着し難くなる。また、ガスの流れ方向におけるガス温度は伝熱と共に低下して行くので、ガスの流れ方向において熱電変換モジュール２０の発電出力が減って行く。これを避けて、各々の熱電変換モジュール２０の発電出力を最大限に引き出すために、排ガスの入口付近において密度を低く、排ガスの出口に近付くに従って密度を高くして、ガスの流れ方向において熱電変換モジュール２０に発生する温度差がほぼ均一となるように、排ガスが流れる方向において伝熱フィンのピッチが異なるようにしても良い。低温側熱交換器３０に設けられる伝熱フィンは、例えば、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金によって形成され、フィンの断面形状は様々であるが、相当直径が例えば１ｍｍ〜２ｍｍ程度で、ピッチが例えば２ｍｍ〜４ｍｍ程度である。   The heat transfer fin provided in the high temperature side heat exchanger 10 is made of, for example, stainless steel, and the cross-sectional shape of the fin is various. However, by reducing the equivalent diameter to, for example, about 1 mm, the flow resistance against the gas flow is reduced. Not only improves heat transfer performance but also makes it difficult for soot to adhere. Further, since the gas temperature in the gas flow direction decreases with heat transfer, the power generation output of the thermoelectric conversion module 20 decreases in the gas flow direction. In order to avoid this and maximize the power generation output of each thermoelectric conversion module 20, the density is lowered near the exhaust gas inlet and increased as it approaches the exhaust gas outlet, and the thermoelectric conversion is performed in the gas flow direction. The pitch of the heat transfer fins may be different in the direction in which the exhaust gas flows so that the temperature difference generated in the module 20 becomes substantially uniform. The heat transfer fin provided in the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 is formed of, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the cross-sectional shape of the fin is various. The equivalent diameter is, for example, about 1 mm to 2 mm, and the pitch is, for example, 2 mm to 4 mm. Degree.

図８は、図１〜図３及び図５〜図７に示す熱電変換モジュールの一例を示す斜視図である。熱電変換モジュール２０は、Ｐ型素子（Ｐ型半導体）２１及びＮ型素子（Ｎ型半導体）２２を含んでいる。Ｐ型素子２１及びＮ型素子２２の材料としては、例えば、ビスマス（Ｂｉ）−テルル（Ｔｅ）系の化合物が用いられる。また、熱電変換モジュール２０は、電極２３と、端子２４及び２５と、電気絶縁基板２６及び２７とを含んでいる。   FIG. 8 is a perspective view illustrating an example of the thermoelectric conversion module illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS. 5 to 7. The thermoelectric conversion module 20 includes a P-type element (P-type semiconductor) 21 and an N-type element (N-type semiconductor) 22. As a material of the P-type element 21 and the N-type element 22, for example, a bismuth (Bi) -tellurium (Te) -based compound is used. The thermoelectric conversion module 20 includes an electrode 23, terminals 24 and 25, and electrically insulating substrates 26 and 27.

熱電変換モジュール２０において、Ｐ型素子２１とＮ型素子２２とを、電極２３を介して接合することにより、ＰＮ素子対が形成されている。直列接続された複数のＰＮ素子対において、一方の端のＮ型素子には端子２４が接続されており、他方の端のＰ型素子には端子２５が接続されている。電気絶縁基板２６と電気絶縁基板２７との間に温度差を与えると、端子２４と端子２５との間に起電力が発生する。   In the thermoelectric conversion module 20, a PN element pair is formed by joining a P-type element 21 and an N-type element 22 via an electrode 23. In a plurality of PN element pairs connected in series, a terminal 24 is connected to the N-type element at one end, and a terminal 25 is connected to the P-type element at the other end. When a temperature difference is applied between the electrical insulating substrate 26 and the electrical insulating substrate 27, an electromotive force is generated between the terminal 24 and the terminal 25.

本実施形態においては、電極２３として金属の電極を用いているが、さらに、電極２３と素子２１又は２２との間に接合層や拡散防止層を設けても良い。電気絶縁基板２６及び２７は、例えば、アルミナ等のセラミック板、又は、窒化アルミ板であり、電極２３と高温側熱交換器１０又は低温側熱交換器３０との間の電気的絶縁を確保すると共に、低い熱抵抗を有しており、高温側熱交換器１０と熱電変換モジュール２０の高温側との間、及び、低温側熱交換器３０と熱電変換モジュール２０の低温側との間の熱抵抗が最小限に抑えられる。   In the present embodiment, a metal electrode is used as the electrode 23, but a bonding layer or a diffusion prevention layer may be provided between the electrode 23 and the element 21 or 22. The electrically insulating substrates 26 and 27 are, for example, ceramic plates such as alumina, or aluminum nitride plates, and ensure electrical insulation between the electrode 23 and the high temperature side heat exchanger 10 or the low temperature side heat exchanger 30. Moreover, it has a low thermal resistance, and heat between the high temperature side heat exchanger 10 and the high temperature side of the thermoelectric conversion module 20 and between the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 and the low temperature side of the thermoelectric conversion module 20. Resistance is minimized.

あるいは、図２又は図６に示す高温側熱交換器１０の１つの面にセラミックを溶射して絶縁領域を形成することにより、高温側熱交換器１０側に取り付けられる電気絶縁基板を省略することができる。低温側熱交換器３０の１つの面に高熱伝導樹脂を圧着し、又は、低温側熱交換器３０がアルミニウム製である場合には、低温側熱交換器３０の１つの面にアルマイト処理を施して絶縁領域を形成することにより、低温側熱交換器３０側に取り付けられる電気絶縁基板を省略しても良い。   Alternatively, by electrically spraying ceramic on one surface of the high temperature side heat exchanger 10 shown in FIG. 2 or 6 to form an insulating region, an electrical insulating substrate attached to the high temperature side heat exchanger 10 side can be omitted. Can do. A high thermal conductive resin is pressure-bonded to one surface of the low temperature side heat exchanger 30, or when the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 is made of aluminum, an alumite treatment is applied to one surface of the low temperature side heat exchanger 30. By forming the insulating region, the electrically insulating substrate attached to the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 side may be omitted.

図９は、熱電変換モジュールの配線方法の例を説明するための図である。図９においては、３列に並べられた複数の熱電変換モジュール２０が示されており、各列には３個以上（図９においては４個）の熱電変換モジュール２０が配置されている。この例においては、熱電変換モジュールの列ごとに配線が行われる。   FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of a wiring method of the thermoelectric conversion module. 9 shows a plurality of thermoelectric conversion modules 20 arranged in three rows, and three or more (four in FIG. 9) thermoelectric conversion modules 20 are arranged in each row. In this example, wiring is performed for each row of thermoelectric conversion modules.

図９に示すように、熱電変換モジュールの各列において、ビニール等で被覆された導線を有する電線２８を用いて、複数の熱電変換モジュール２０の配線が互い違いに行われる。即ち、各列において、奇数番目の熱電変換モジュールの２つの端子が、列と直交する第１の方向（図９においては前方）を向くように配置され、偶数番目の熱電変換モジュールの２つの端子が、第１の方向と反対の第２の方向（図９においては後方）を向くように配置され、１つおきの熱電変換モジュールの一方の端子同士が電気的に接続される。   As shown in FIG. 9, in each row of thermoelectric conversion modules, wiring of a plurality of thermoelectric conversion modules 20 is performed alternately using electric wires 28 having conductive wires covered with vinyl or the like. That is, in each row, the two terminals of the odd-numbered thermoelectric conversion modules are arranged to face the first direction (front in FIG. 9) orthogonal to the row, and the two terminals of the even-numbered thermoelectric conversion modules However, it arrange | positions so that it may face the 2nd direction (FIG. 9 back) opposite to a 1st direction, and one terminal of every other thermoelectric conversion module is electrically connected.

例えば、第２列の熱電変換モジュールＭ（２，１）〜Ｍ（２，４）において、熱電変換モジュールＭ（２，１）の一方の端子が、熱電変換モジュールＭ（２，３）の一方の端子に接続され、熱電変換モジュールＭ（２，２）の一方の端子が、熱電変換モジュールＭ（２，４）の一方の端子に接続される。さらに、熱電変換モジュールＭ（２，１）の他方の端子が、熱電変換モジュールＭ（２，２）の他方の端子に接続され、熱電変換モジュールＭ（２，３）の他方の端子８３が、第１の外部接続端子又は熱電変換モジュールＭ（３，４）の端子８４に接続され、熱電変換モジュールＭ（２，４）の他方の端子８２が、第２の外部接続端子又は熱電変換モジュールＭ（１，３）の端子８１に接続される。第１列の熱電変換モジュールＭ（１，１）〜Ｍ（１，４）、及び、第３列の熱電変換モジュールＭ（３，１）〜Ｍ（３，４）においても同様である。これにより、複数の熱電変換モジュール２０を、隙間を極力小さくして隣り合わせに配置することができる。   For example, in the second row of thermoelectric conversion modules M (2,1) to M (2,4), one terminal of the thermoelectric conversion module M (2,1) is one of the thermoelectric conversion modules M (2,3). And one terminal of the thermoelectric conversion module M (2, 2) is connected to one terminal of the thermoelectric conversion module M (2, 4). Furthermore, the other terminal of the thermoelectric conversion module M (2,1) is connected to the other terminal of the thermoelectric conversion module M (2,2), and the other terminal 83 of the thermoelectric conversion module M (2,3) is The first external connection terminal or the thermoelectric conversion module M (3, 4) is connected to the terminal 84, and the other terminal 82 of the thermoelectric conversion module M (2, 4) is connected to the second external connection terminal or thermoelectric conversion module M. It is connected to the terminal 81 of (1, 3). The same applies to the thermoelectric conversion modules M (1,1) to M (1,4) in the first row and the thermoelectric conversion modules M (3,1) to M (3,4) in the third row. Thereby, the several thermoelectric conversion module 20 can be arrange | positioned adjacently, making a clearance gap as small as possible.

次に、本発明の第２の実施形態について説明する。
図１０は、本発明の第２の実施形態に係る熱電発電装置を示す斜視図である。第２の実施形態においては、スタック構造の両端に剛性の高い板６０及び７０が配置される。従って、板６０、バネ４０の層、低温側熱交換器３０の層、熱電変換モジュール２０の層、高温側熱交換器１０の層、・・・、熱電変換モジュール２０の層、低温側熱交換器３０の層、バネ４０の層、板７０の順序で各層が配置される。その他の点に関しては、第１の実施形態と同様である。第２の実施形態によっても、第１の実施形態におけるのと同様の効果を奏することができる。 Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a thermoelectric generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment, highly rigid plates 60 and 70 are disposed at both ends of the stack structure. Accordingly, the plate 60, the spring 40 layer, the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 layer, the thermoelectric conversion module 20 layer, the high temperature side heat exchanger 10 layer,..., The thermoelectric conversion module 20 layer, the low temperature side heat exchange. The layers are arranged in the order of the container 30 layer, the spring 40 layer, and the plate 70. The other points are the same as in the first embodiment. According to the second embodiment, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

次に、本発明の第３の実施形態について説明する。
図１１は、本発明の第３の実施形態に係る熱電発電装置を示す斜視図である。第３の実施形態においては、スタック構造の一端に剛性の高い板６０が配置される。従って、板６０、バネ４０の層、低温側熱交換器３０の層、熱電変換モジュール２０の層、高温側熱交換器１０の層、熱電変換モジュール２０の層、低温側熱交換器３０の層、・・・、高温側熱交換器１０の層の順序で各層が配置される。その他の点に関しては、第１の実施形態と同様である。第３の実施形態によっても、第１の実施形態におけるのと同様の効果を奏することができる。 Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a thermoelectric generator according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the third embodiment, a highly rigid plate 60 is disposed at one end of the stack structure. Therefore, the layer of the plate 60, the spring 40, the layer of the low temperature side heat exchanger 30, the layer of the thermoelectric conversion module 20, the layer of the high temperature side heat exchanger 10, the layer of the thermoelectric conversion module 20, and the layer of the low temperature side heat exchanger 30 ..., each layer is arranged in the order of the layers of the high temperature side heat exchanger 10. The other points are the same as in the first embodiment. According to the third embodiment, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

本発明は、熱電変換素子を用いることにより温度差を利用して発電を行う熱電発電装置において利用することが可能である。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in a thermoelectric power generation apparatus that generates power using a temperature difference by using a thermoelectric conversion element.

本発明の第１の実施形態に係る熱電発電装置の構成単位を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the structural unit of the thermoelectric power generating apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 図１に示す熱電発電装置の構成要素を分解して示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which decomposes | disassembles and shows the component of the thermoelectric power generator shown in FIG. 図２に示す構成要素が結合された状態を示す斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the components shown in FIG. 2 are combined. 多段ボルトと高温側熱交換器との接続構造を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the connection structure of a multistage volt | bolt and a high temperature side heat exchanger. 本発明の第１の実施形態の変形例に係る熱電発電装置の構成単位を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the structural unit of the thermoelectric generator which concerns on the modification of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 図５に示す熱電発電装置の構成要素を分解して示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which decomposes | disassembles and shows the component of the thermoelectric power generator shown in FIG. 図６に示す構成要素が結合された状態を示す斜視図である。FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state where the components shown in FIG. 6 are combined. 図１〜図３及び図５〜図７に示す熱電変換モジュールの一例を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows an example of the thermoelectric conversion module shown in FIGS. 1-3 and FIGS. 熱電変換モジュールの配線方法の例を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the example of the wiring method of a thermoelectric conversion module. 本発明の第２の実施形態に係る熱電発電装置を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the thermoelectric power generator which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施形態に係る熱電発電装置を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the thermoelectric generator which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０…高温側熱交換器、 ２０…熱電変換モジュール、 ２１…Ｐ型素子、 ２２…Ｎ型素子、 ２３…電極、 ２４、２５…端子、 ２６、２７…電気絶縁基板、 ２８…電線、 ３０…低温側熱交換器、 ３０ａ…流路、 ３０ｂ…シール材、 ４０…バネ、 ４１…位置決め部材、 ５０…多段ボルト、 ６０、７０…板、 ８０〜８５…端子   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... High temperature side heat exchanger, 20 ... Thermoelectric conversion module, 21 ... P-type element, 22 ... N-type element, 23 ... Electrode, 24, 25 ... Terminal, 26, 27 ... Electrical insulation board, 28 ... Electric wire, 30 ... Low temperature side heat exchanger, 30a ... flow path, 30b ... sealing material, 40 ... spring, 41 ... positioning member, 50 ... multi-stage bolt, 60, 70 ... plate, 80-85 ... terminal

Claims (7)

高温のガスと低温の冷却液との温度差を利用して発電を行う熱電発電装置であって、
対向して配置され、冷却液が導入される第１及び第２の低温側熱交換器と、
前記第１及び第２の低温側熱交換器の対向した第１の面と第２の面との間に分散して配置された複数のバネと、
前記第１の低温側熱交換器の前記第１の面と反対側の面に取り付けられた少なくとも１つの第１の熱電変換モジュールと、
前記第２の低温側熱交換器の前記第２の面と反対側の面に取り付けられた少なくとも１つの第２の熱電変換モジュールと、
前記第１の低温側熱交換器との間で前記少なくとも１つの第１の熱電変換モジュールを挟むように配置され、ガスが導入される第１の高温側熱交換器と、
前記第２の低温側熱交換器との間で前記少なくとも１つの第２の熱電変換モジュールを挟むように配置され、ガスが導入される第２の高温側熱交換器と、
を具備する熱電発電装置。 A thermoelectric power generator that generates power using a temperature difference between a high-temperature gas and a low-temperature coolant,
First and second low temperature side heat exchangers disposed oppositely and into which a coolant is introduced;
A plurality of springs arranged in a distributed manner between the first and second opposed surfaces of the first and second low temperature side heat exchangers;
At least one first thermoelectric conversion module attached to a surface opposite to the first surface of the first low temperature side heat exchanger;
At least one second thermoelectric conversion module attached to a surface opposite to the second surface of the second low temperature side heat exchanger;
A first high temperature side heat exchanger arranged to sandwich the at least one first thermoelectric conversion module between the first low temperature side heat exchanger and a gas to be introduced;
A second high temperature side heat exchanger arranged to sandwich the at least one second thermoelectric conversion module with the second low temperature side heat exchanger, and gas is introduced;
A thermoelectric generator comprising: 前記第１及び第２の高温側熱交換器が、前記第１及び第２の低温側熱交換器よりも高い剛性を有する、請求項１記載の熱電発電装置。   The thermoelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the first and second high temperature side heat exchangers have higher rigidity than the first and second low temperature side heat exchangers. 前記複数のバネが、前記少なくとも１つの第１の熱電変換モジュールの位置及び前記少なくとも１つの第２の熱電変換モジュールの位置に対応する位置に配置されている、請求項２記載の熱電発電装置。   The thermoelectric generator according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of springs are arranged at positions corresponding to positions of the at least one first thermoelectric conversion module and positions of the at least one second thermoelectric conversion module. 前記第１及び第２の高温側熱交換器の内部において、ピン形状を有する複数の伝熱フィンが、前記少なくとも１つの第１の熱電変換モジュールの位置及び前記少なくとも１つの第２の熱電変換モジュールの位置に対応する領域に、ガスが流れる方向においてピッチが異なるように設けられている、請求項１〜３のいずれか１項記載の熱電発電装置。   Inside the first and second high temperature side heat exchangers, a plurality of heat transfer fins having a pin shape are positioned at the position of the at least one first thermoelectric conversion module and the at least one second thermoelectric conversion module. The thermoelectric power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the region corresponding to the position of the thermoelectric generator is provided so as to have a different pitch in a gas flow direction. 前記少なくとも１つの第１の熱電変換モジュールが、１列に配置された３個以上の熱電変換モジュールを含むと共に、前記少なくとも１つの第２の熱電変換モジュールが、１列に配置された３個以上の熱電変換モジュールを含み、各列において、奇数番目の熱電変換モジュールの２つの端子が、列と直交する第１の方向を向くように配置され、偶数番目の熱電変換モジュールの２つの端子が、第１の方向と反対の第２の方向を向くように配置され、１つおきの熱電変換モジュールの一方の端子同士が電気的に接続されている、請求項１〜４のいずれか１項記載の熱電発電装置。   The at least one first thermoelectric conversion module includes three or more thermoelectric conversion modules arranged in one row, and the at least one second thermoelectric conversion module is three or more arranged in one row. In each row, the two terminals of the odd-numbered thermoelectric conversion modules are arranged to face the first direction orthogonal to the row, and the two terminals of the even-numbered thermoelectric conversion modules are It arrange | positions so that it may face the 2nd direction opposite to a 1st direction, and one terminal of every other thermoelectric conversion module is electrically connected. Thermoelectric generator. 前記複数のバネを前記第１又は第２の低温側熱交換器に固定するために前記第１又は第２の低温側熱交換器に取り付けられた位置決め部材をさらに具備する、請求項１〜５のいずれか１項記載の熱電発電装置。   A positioning member attached to the first or second low temperature side heat exchanger is further provided to fix the plurality of springs to the first or second low temperature side heat exchanger. The thermoelectric generator according to any one of the above. 前記第１及び第２の低温側熱交換器の間で前記複数のバネを収縮させながら前記第１及び第２の高温側熱交換器を連結するための複数の多段ボルトをさらに具備する、請求項１〜６のいずれか１項記載の熱電発電装置。   A plurality of multi-stage bolts for connecting the first and second high temperature side heat exchangers while contracting the plurality of springs between the first and second low temperature side heat exchangers. Item 7. The thermoelectric generator according to any one of items 1 to 6.
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