JP4880148B2 - Fluid machinery - Google Patents
Fluid machinery Download PDFInfo
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- JP4880148B2 JP4880148B2 JP2001290556A JP2001290556A JP4880148B2 JP 4880148 B2 JP4880148 B2 JP 4880148B2 JP 2001290556 A JP2001290556 A JP 2001290556A JP 2001290556 A JP2001290556 A JP 2001290556A JP 4880148 B2 JP4880148 B2 JP 4880148B2
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- Prior art keywords
- impeller
- wall portion
- hub
- spiral
- spiral chamber
- Prior art date
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009658 destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/04—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
- F01D21/045—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position special arrangements in stators or in rotors dealing with breaking-off of part of rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/026—Scrolls for radial machines or engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
- F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
- F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
- F05B2260/3011—Retaining bolts or nuts of the frangible or shear type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、複数の壁部分から成りうず巻き状流路を備えたうず巻室内に半径流羽根車が配置され、この羽根車が軸受ハウジング内に駆動回転可能に支持された軸上に置かれたハブを有し、ハブの外側輪郭とハブに対向位置するうず巻室の内側壁部分の外側輪郭とが、軸線方向から半径方向に転向された流路を形成し、うず巻室が軸受ハウジングに固定されている流体機械に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
例えばターボ過給機の半径流圧縮機あるいはラジアルターボ過給機の半径流タービンのような流体機械の基本的な構成および作用は、既に知られているので、ここでは詳細に説明しない。即ち例えばドイツ特許第19502808号明細書に、ターボ過給機の半径流圧縮機の形をした流体機械が記載されている。その場合、うず巻室の内部において、ハブと羽根との直径は流れ方向に増大し、羽根の外側輪郭は弓形をし、それに隣接しトーラス状に外側に湾曲したうず巻き流路壁の輪郭に相応している。そのうず巻室の通路壁はハブと共に、外側に転向された通路部分を画成し、この通路部分に羽根が組み入れられている。この半径方向外側に転向された通路部分に、うず巻き通路に開口する環状通路部分が連通している。
【0003】
そのようにして通路幅にわたって異なった流れ方向が生ずる。その原因は、流れ通路の転向範囲において作用する遠心力にある。この遠心力により、流れはハブ側通路壁に、反対側のハウジング壁よりも強く接し、このために、空間的に異なった流れ分布が生じ、それに応じて、ハブ側に、その反対側よりも急角度の入口角が生ずる。非対称的な圧縮機流の反作用のために、周期的な横力が発生され、この横力は運転を荒くし、共振作用の際に、羽根車を破壊してしまう。羽根車が破壊すると、その破片がうず巻室から飛び出す。これは絶対に防止されなければならず、そのような破片からの防護は、今日においても実証されねばならない。このために今日において、羽根車を収容するうず巻室の外側に、補助防護装置を設けることが普通に行なわれている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、冒頭に述べた形式の流体機械を、破壊した羽根車の破片がうず巻室から飛び出ることを単純且つ安価な手段で防止し、うず巻室の外側に補助破壊防護装置を設ける必要がないように改良することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この課題は本発明に基づいて請求項1の特徴部分に記載の手段によって解決される。
【0006】
羽根車のハブの外側輪郭に対向位置するうず巻室の壁部分が、羽根車の総合最大運動エネルギを吸収するために、破壊した羽根車のために生ずる力により、うず巻室の内部で軸線方向に変位できるように形成されていることによって、“衝撃緩衝領域”を備えたうず巻室が形成される。従って、破壊した羽根車の破片がそこからもはや飛び出ることはなくなる。
【0007】
うず巻室の外側における補助破壊防止装置は省かれる。
【0008】
羽根車のハブの外側輪郭に対向位置するうず巻室の内側壁部分が、うず巻室の外側壁部分に破壊設定個所を介して結合され、その破壊設定個所が、エネルギ吸収中にうず巻室と軸受ハウジングとの固定部が壊れる前に破壊するように設定されているか、及び/又は、内側壁部分が、うず巻室の外側壁部分に大きく変形可能な軟らかいねじによって結合されていることによって、損傷のないうず巻室が、破壊エネルギに由来する力に基づいて、軸受ハウジングから外れ、破片がうず巻室と軸受ハウジングとの間に生ずる隙間を通って飛び出すことが防止される。
【0009】
特に、うず巻室の内部における内側壁部分の軸線方向変位距離が、破壊エネルギを求める計算式で定められ、その計算式によって、壁部分の破壊エネルギが、羽根車の吸収すべき最大運動エネルギと予め定められた安全係数との積と同じかそれより大きく定められていることによって、羽根車が破壊した際の流体機械の安全性は計算で求められ、従って完全な流体機械を破壊する経費のかかる破壊試験はもはや不要となる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下において図に示した実施例を参照して本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0011】
図1には、半径流圧縮機の形をした本発明に基づく流体機械が部分縦断面図で示されている。
【0012】
図1に示された形式の排気駆動過給機は、その長手方向中央部が軸受ハウジング1に支持されている軸2を有している。この軸2はその軸受から突出する片側軸端にタービンランナ(図示せず)を有し、反対側軸端に半径流圧縮機の羽根車3(概略的に図示)を有している。
【0013】
この羽根車3は、タービンランナによって駆動される軸2上に固く結合されたハブ4を有している。このハブ4は外周面に半径方向に突出する羽根5が付けられている。ハブ4の外側輪郭6は、うず巻室8の内側壁部分7と共に、軸線方向から半径方向に転向され外側に向けて狭まる流路9を画成している。この流路9の横断面は羽根5の構成に相応している。羽根車3の中央横断面に対して非対称的な縦断面およびそれに応じて羽根車3の長さに関して増加する質量分布が生ずるように、ハブ4と羽根5との直径は入口から出口まで増加している。
【0014】
半径方向外側に転向され、うず巻室8の内側壁部分7によって画成された流路9は、うず巻室8の外側壁部分11によって画成されうず巻き通路10に開口する環状通路12に連通している。この環状通路12には固定案内羽根車が設けられている。この案内羽根車の案内羽根13はうず巻室8の外側壁部分11に固定されている。
【0015】
うず巻室8の内側壁部分7は、一方では大きく変形できる軟らかいねじ14によって、他方では破壊設定個所15によって、うず巻室8の外側壁部分11に結合されている。この外側壁部分11は、うず巻き通路10および案内羽根13付き環状通路12を画成している。
【0016】
うず巻室8自身は固定結合部16によって軸受ハウジング1に固定されている。
【0017】
うず巻室8、ないしはうず巻室8の外側壁部分11に対して内側壁部分7を変位可能にする、変形可能なねじ14、破壊設定個所15および固定結合部16は、要約すれば次の観点に基づいて実施されねばならない。
【0018】
羽根車3を包囲する内側壁部分7ないしはその軸線方向変位性は、最大回転運転中における最大運動エネルギ、即ち、好適には1.2以上の安全係数を乗算した値を超える羽根車3の運動エネルギを、“衝撃緩衝領域”として吸収でき、即ち破壊するまでに吸収できるように設定されている。
【0019】
そのために、うず巻室8の内側壁部分7は、羽根車3の破片によって与えられる軸線方向力Fの作用下において羽根車3の運動エネルギを吸収しながら軸線方向aに変位できるように、外側壁部分11に固定されている。
【0020】
その場合、軸線方向に変位する材料の単位容積当たりの破壊エネルギEbspは次式で計算される。
【数1】
ここで、σは材料の応力、εは材料の伸びである。
【0021】
羽根車の最大運動エネルギEkinは次式で表される。
Ekin=IP・(ω2/2)
ここで、I P は回転軸に関する羽根車の質量慣性モーメント、ωは羽根車の最大角速度である。
【0022】
従って、破壊エネルギEBは次式で得られる。
EB≧安全係数・Ekin(安全係数≧1.2)
EB=容積・Ebsp
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に基づく流体機械の部分縦断面図。
【符号の説明】
1 軸受ハウジング
2 軸
3 羽根車
4 ハブ
5 羽根車の羽根
6 ハブの外側輪郭
7 内側壁部分
8 うず巻室
9 流路
10 うず巻き通路
11 外側壁部分
12 環状通路
13 案内羽根
14 変形可能なねじ
15 破壊設定個所
16 固定継手
F 力
a 変位方向[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a radial flow impeller is disposed in a spiral chamber having a spiral flow path composed of a plurality of wall portions, and the impeller is placed on a shaft that is rotatably supported in a bearing housing. A hub has an outer contour of the hub and an outer contour of the inner wall portion of the spiral chamber positioned opposite the hub to form a flow path that is turned radially from the axial direction, and the spiral chamber is formed in the bearing housing. The present invention relates to a fluid machine that is fixed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The basic construction and operation of a fluid machine, such as a turbocharger radial flow compressor or a radial turbocharger radial flow turbine, is already known and will not be described in detail here. Thus, for example, DE 19502808 describes a fluid machine in the form of a turbocharger radial flow compressor. In that case, the diameter of the hub and the blades increases in the flow direction inside the spiral chamber, and the outer contour of the blade has an arcuate shape and corresponds to the contour of the spiral channel wall curved outwardly adjacent to it. is doing. The spiral chamber passage wall, together with the hub, defines an outwardly redirected passage portion into which vanes are incorporated. An annular passage portion that opens to the spiral passage communicates with the passage portion that is turned outward in the radial direction.
[0003]
In this way different flow directions occur across the passage width. The cause lies in the centrifugal force acting in the turning range of the flow passage. This centrifugal force causes the flow to contact the hub-side passage wall more strongly than the opposite housing wall, resulting in a spatially different flow distribution and correspondingly on the hub side than on the opposite side. A steep entrance angle results. Due to the reaction of the asymmetric compressor flow, a periodic lateral force is generated, which causes rough operation and destroys the impeller during resonance. When the impeller breaks, the debris pops out of the spiral chamber. This must be prevented absolutely, and protection from such debris must be demonstrated today. For this reason, it is common practice today to provide an auxiliary protective device outside the spiral chamber that houses the impeller.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to prevent the broken impeller fragments from jumping out of the spiral chamber with simple and inexpensive means, and to provide an auxiliary destruction protection device outside the spiral chamber. It is to improve so that it is not necessary to provide.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
This problem is solved according to the invention by the measures described in the characterizing part of
[0006]
The wall portion of the spiral chamber facing the outer contour of the hub of the impeller absorbs the total maximum kinetic energy of the impeller, so that the axis generated inside the spiral chamber is due to the force generated by the broken impeller. By being formed so as to be displaceable in the direction, a spiral chamber having an “impact buffer region” is formed. Therefore, the broken impeller fragments will no longer jump out of it.
[0007]
The auxiliary destruction prevention device outside the spiral chamber is omitted.
[0008]
The inner wall portion of the spiral chamber facing the outer contour of the hub of the impeller is coupled to the outer wall portion of the spiral chamber via a fracture setting location, and the fracture setting location is the spiral chamber during energy absorption. And / or the bearing housing is fixed to break before breaking, and / or the inner wall portion is connected to the outer wall portion of the spiral chamber by a softly deformable soft screw. The spiral chamber without damage is prevented from coming off the bearing housing based on the force derived from the fracture energy, and the fragments are prevented from jumping out through the gap formed between the spiral chamber and the bearing housing.
[0009]
In particular, the axial displacement distance of the inner wall portion in the spiral chamber is determined by a calculation formula for determining the breaking energy, and the breaking energy of the wall portion is determined by the maximum kinetic energy to be absorbed by the impeller. By being set to be equal to or greater than the product of the predetermined safety factor, the safety of the fluid machine when the impeller breaks down is calculated and therefore the cost of destroying the complete fluid machine Such destructive testing is no longer necessary.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the figures.
[0011]
FIG. 1 shows in partial longitudinal section a fluid machine according to the invention in the form of a radial compressor.
[0012]
The exhaust-drive supercharger of the type shown in FIG. 1 has a
[0013]
The impeller 3 has a hub 4 which is rigidly connected on a
[0014]
The flow path 9 that is turned radially outward and defined by the inner wall portion 7 of the
[0015]
The inner wall portion 7 of the
[0016]
The
[0017]
The
[0018]
The inner wall portion 7 that surrounds the impeller 3 or the axial displacement of the impeller 3 exceeds the maximum kinetic energy during maximum rotational operation, that is, preferably a value multiplied by a safety factor of 1.2 or more. It is set so that energy can be absorbed as an “impact buffer region”, that is, absorbed before breaking.
[0019]
For this purpose, the inner wall portion 7 of the
[0020]
In that case, the fracture energy E bsp per unit volume of the material displaced in the axial direction is calculated by the following equation.
[Expression 1]
Where σ is the stress of the material and ε is the elongation of the material.
[0021]
The maximum kinetic energy E kin of the impeller is expressed by the following equation.
E kin = I P · (ω 2/2)
Here, I P is the mass moment of inertia of the impeller with respect to the rotation axis, and ω is the maximum angular velocity of the impeller.
[0022]
Thus, breaking energy E B is obtained by the following equation.
E B ≧ safety factor ・ E kin (safety factor ≧ 1.2)
E B = Volume · E bsp
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a fluid machine according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2000150931 DE10050931C5 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2000-10-13 | Turbomachine with radial impeller |
DE10050931.2 | 2000-10-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2002147397A JP2002147397A (en) | 2002-05-22 |
JP4880148B2 true JP4880148B2 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
Family
ID=7659767
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001290556A Expired - Fee Related JP4880148B2 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2001-09-25 | Fluid machinery |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4880148B2 (en) |
CH (1) | CH695741A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10050931C5 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
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DE102004028133C5 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2017-10-26 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Turbomachine, in particular exhaust gas turbocharger |
DE502005002724D1 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2008-03-20 | Abb Turbo Systems Ag | Burst protection device for centrifugal compressors |
DE102005039820B4 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2007-06-28 | Man Diesel Se | Containment safety device for turbomachinery with radial flow compressor wheel |
US7568338B2 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2009-08-04 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multi-piece compressor housing |
DE102006028553B4 (en) | 2006-06-22 | 2018-05-24 | Daimler Ag | Exhaust gas turbocharger and internal combustion engine with such an exhaust gas turbocharger |
WO2008055717A1 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-15 | Abb Turbo Systems Ag | Housing connection of an exhaust gas turbocharger |
EP2216516A1 (en) * | 2009-02-04 | 2010-08-11 | ABB Turbo Systems AG | Burst protection device for radial compressor |
GB2499627A (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2013-08-28 | Napier Turbochargers Ltd | Turbocharger casing |
JP6037906B2 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2016-12-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Centrifugal fluid machine |
DE102013107134A1 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-08 | Abb Turbo Systems Ag | Air inlet of a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger |
JP6391970B2 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2018-09-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Centrifugal compressor, supercharger, centrifugal compressor manufacturing method, and silencer |
DE102014009504A1 (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2015-12-31 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Compressor housing for a turbine |
JP6486648B2 (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2019-03-20 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Centrifugal compressor and supercharger provided with the same |
JP6404082B2 (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2018-10-10 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Centrifugal compressor and supercharger provided with the same |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE2607776C2 (en) * | 1976-02-26 | 1982-05-27 | MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München | Cover disk split in the meridian plane for radial impellers of turbo machines, in particular gas turbine engines |
JPH066240Y2 (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1994-02-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Centrifugal compressor |
JP2526316Y2 (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1997-02-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Gas compressor |
US5601406A (en) * | 1994-12-21 | 1997-02-11 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Centrifugal compressor hub containment assembly |
DE19640654A1 (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 1998-04-09 | Asea Brown Boveri | Burst protection device for radial turbines of turbochargers |
GB9721434D0 (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1997-12-10 | Holset Engineering Co | Improvements in or relating to compressors and turbines |
DE69819654T2 (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 2004-10-07 | Holset Engineering Co | Compressor or turbine |
-
2000
- 2000-10-13 DE DE2000150931 patent/DE10050931C5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-08-20 CH CH15332001A patent/CH695741A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-09-25 JP JP2001290556A patent/JP4880148B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CH695741A5 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
DE10050931C5 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
DE10050931C1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
JP2002147397A (en) | 2002-05-22 |
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