JP4782679B2 - 水素捕捉化合物、その製造方法および使用 - Google Patents
水素捕捉化合物、その製造方法および使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4782679B2 JP4782679B2 JP2006524402A JP2006524402A JP4782679B2 JP 4782679 B2 JP4782679 B2 JP 4782679B2 JP 2006524402 A JP2006524402 A JP 2006524402A JP 2006524402 A JP2006524402 A JP 2006524402A JP 4782679 B2 JP4782679 B2 JP 4782679B2
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 title description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000003000 inclusion body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims 12
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000003608 radiolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 palladium hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002900 solid radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052977 alkali metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000011712 cell development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012954 risk control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/115—Tritium recovery
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
- G21F9/36—Disposal of solid waste by packaging; by baling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J7/00—Details not provided for in the preceding groups and common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J7/14—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01J7/18—Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S588/901—Compositions
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
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Description
通常の温度および圧力条件下に、遊離ガスの状態にあるか、例えば、放射性分解により材料内で生じた水素を不可逆的かつ定量的に捕捉することができ;
製造が簡単で、取扱いが容易で、
低コストで、
長期にわたって安定で、
放射性分解に対して耐性があり、かつ
幅広い利用を有する
化合物を提供する必要性を満たすことである。
MX(OH)
の無機化合物である
[上式中、
Mは、二価の遷移元素を表し、
Oは、酸素原子を表し、
Xは、Oを除く元素周期表の16族の原子を表し、かつ
Hは、水素原子を表す]。
MX(OH)の還元:
MX(OH)+e− <=> MX+OH−
H2の酸化:
1/2H2+OH− <=> H2O+e−
または
全式:
MX(OH)+1/2H2→MX+H2O
CoS(OH)の還元:
CoS(OH)+e− <=> CoS+OH−
H2の酸化:
1/2H2+OH− <=> H2O+e−
または
全式:
CoS(OH)+1/2H2→CoS+H2O
a)加熱することにより予め液化しておいた有機封入材料を使用して、封入されるべき固体廃棄物および本発明の水素捕捉化合物を封入するステップと;
b)ステップa)で得られた封入体を冷却および固化するステップとを含む。
水素ガスを、空気から遮断された粉末化合物と直接接触させる;
発泡により導入されたか、その場で生じた水素を、非酸化溶液中の本発明の化合物により生じた懸濁液と接触させる;
捕捉されるべき水素または水素含有ガスが、それを通して拡散する2枚の多孔性プレートの間に粉末化合物を保持する;
本発明の化合物を、生成物に対して化学的に不活性な材料に導入する。これは、水素がそれを介して拡散するか、水素がその中で、例えば放射生分解により生じる有機または無機固体材料もしくは粘稠な状態のものであってよい;
水素ガスを生じる化学系の外部表面の全てまたは一部の上に、適切な厚さで、空気から遮断された層として水素捕捉化合物を表面沈着させる;
本発明の化合物の1つまたは複数の連続層を、水素ガスを生じる化学系内に重ね合わせて導入する。
放射性核種汚染除去および水素トラップの二重の化学的特性を有する;
放射性流出物で実施される予備処理方法の場合には、汚染除去反応成分として使用され、本発明の化合物は、ビチューメンに封入される処理スラッジに普通は存在し、このスラッジ中で、化合物は、化学的に安定である;
流出物処理法の状況内で本発明の化合物を日常的に使用することにより、再処理スラッジ内でのその化学的安定性をなお証明すべきであり、スラッジの量、したがってパッケージの数の増大を伴うので、その使用は、経済的に有利ではない他の水素捕捉反応成分を使用する必要がなくなる;
ビチューメンマトリックスに対して化学的に不活性であり、本発明の化合物は、スラッジをビチューメンに熱封入する処理の後でも、その水素捕捉可能性を保持する;
照射に対して不感受性であり、ビチューメンマトリックス内での酸化から守られており、本発明の化合物は、水素に対するその反応性を永続的に保持する;
本発明の化合物は、通常の温度および圧力条件下の水素ガスと、ビチューメンマトリックス内で特には放射性分解により生じた水素との両方に対して、反応性である。
この実施例では、磁気攪拌を用いて、2種の水溶液、即ち、硫酸コバルト(純度97重量%)溶液および硫化ナトリウム(純度35重量%)溶液をS/Co比1.5で混合することにより、CoS(OH)形態の化合物を実験室で合成した。
前記の実施例1にその合成が記載されている懸濁液中の化合物の一部に、不活性な硫酸バリウム無機充填剤を加え、水が完全に蒸発し、コバルト0.8%(重量%/封入体)を含む塩10%(重量%/封入体)を含有する均一な混合物が生じるまで、140℃で溶融しているビチューメンと十分に混合した。
Claims (23)
- 一般式
MX(OH)
の少なくとも1種の水素捕捉能を有する無機化合物を含むことを特徴とする、水素捕捉剤
[上式中、
Mは、二価の遷移元素を表し、
Oは、酸素原子を表し、
Xは、Oを除く元素周期表の16族の原子を表し、かつ
Hは、水素原子を表す]。 - Mは、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、CuおよびZnからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の水素捕捉剤。
- Xは、S、Se、TeおよびPoからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の水素捕捉剤。
- Mは、CoまたはNiである、請求項1に記載の水素捕捉剤。
- Xは、Sである、請求項1または4に記載の水素捕捉剤。
- 少なくとも1種の溶解されるX 2− 塩、およびMの少なくとも1種の溶解される金属塩を水溶液の形態で混合して、請求項1の式MX(OH)の少なくとも1種の無機化合物の沈殿物を生じさせることを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の水素捕捉剤を製造する方法。
- 前記X2−塩を、Na2 X、(NH4)2 X、Li2 X、K2 Xまたはこれらの混合物から選択する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記Mの金属塩を、MSO4・xH2O、M(NO3)2、M(ClO4)2・xH2O、およびMCl2(ここで、Mは、請求項1と同様に定義され、xは0以上の数である)からなる群から選択する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- Mは、CoまたはNiである、請求項6〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- Xは、Sである、請求項6〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 水溶液の形態での前記の混合を、pH4から12で実施する、請求項6〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 濃度[X2−]/[M2+]のモル比は、7/8から1.5である、請求項6〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種の前記沈殿物を、濾過により調製溶液から取り出し、水で洗浄し、次いで、乾燥させる、請求項6〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 固体廃棄物を封入する方法において、
a)加熱により予め液化しておいた有機封入材料を使用して、封入されるべき固体廃棄物および請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の水素捕捉剤を封入して封入体を得るステップと;
b)ステップa)で得られた封入体を冷却および固化するステップとを含む方法。 - 前記有機封入材料は、ビチューメンである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記固体廃棄物は、放射性または非放射性である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記固体廃棄物は、放射性である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記水素捕捉化合剤を、ビチューメンの質量に対する該捕捉剤の質量として表して、全部で1.5から82%の量でビチューメンと混合する、請求項14〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 硬化の後の放射性廃棄物は、前記有機封入材料で封入された前記固体廃棄物の全質量に対して少なくとも45重量%である、請求項14〜18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 固体の形態の放射性廃棄物を化学的に共沈させ、前記無機化合物を合成して、放射性固体廃棄物および前記無機化合物との混合物からなる、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の水素捕捉剤を含む固相を得る予備ステップをさらに含み、次いで、請求項14の方法のステップa)で前記固相を、加熱により予め液化されている前記有機封入材料に導入する、請求項14〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 有機封入材料および請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の少なくとも1種の水素捕捉剤を含有する、放射性廃棄物を封入するための有機材料。
- 有機封入材料は、ビチューメンである、請求項21に記載の放射性廃棄物を封入するための有機材料。
- 前記水素捕捉剤は、ビチューメンの質量に対する前記水素捕捉剤の質量として表して全部で1.5から82%である、請求項21または22に記載の放射性廃棄物を封入するための有機材料。
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FR0350475A FR2859202B1 (fr) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | Compose piegeur de l'hydrogene, procede de fabrication et utilisations |
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PCT/FR2004/050394 WO2005024884A1 (fr) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-25 | Compose piegeur de l’hydrogene, procede de fabrication et utilisations |
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US7244965B2 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2007-07-17 | Cree Inc, | Power surface mount light emitting die package |
US7775685B2 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2010-08-17 | Cree, Inc. | Power surface mount light emitting die package |
US7980743B2 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2011-07-19 | Cree, Inc. | LED backlighting for displays |
US20060292747A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2006-12-28 | Loh Ban P | Top-surface-mount power light emitter with integral heat sink |
FR2909657B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-12 | 2009-03-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Composition minerale apte a pieger l'hydrogene, procede de preparation et utilisations |
US8551396B2 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2013-10-08 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | Hydrogen storage material with intermediate bond strength and process for making the same |
US7925708B2 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2011-04-12 | Yahoo! Inc. | System and method for delivery of augmented messages |
FR2984003B1 (fr) * | 2011-12-12 | 2014-01-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de reduction du degazage de dechets trities issus de l'industrie nucleaire |
JP6371936B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-13 | 2018-08-08 | 古屋仲 秀樹 | トリチウム吸着材、水中からのトリチウムの分離方法及びトリチウム吸着材の再生方法 |
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JPH054809A (ja) * | 1990-09-14 | 1993-01-14 | Japan Pionics Co Ltd | 希ガスの精製方法 |
WO1997026082A1 (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1997-07-24 | Catalytic Materials Limited | Storage of hydrogen in layered nanostructures |
US5888665A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1999-03-30 | California Institute Of Technology | LaNi5 is-based metal hydride electrode in Ni-MH rechargeable cells |
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JP2004505463A (ja) * | 2000-07-28 | 2004-02-19 | サエス ゲッターズ ソチエタ ペル アツィオニ | ゲッター層により保護された水素劣化性誘電体層を備えた集積容量型デバイス |
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KR101113462B1 (ko) | 2012-03-07 |
EP1658630B1 (fr) | 2009-10-07 |
JP2007504075A (ja) | 2007-03-01 |
EP1658630B8 (fr) | 2009-11-18 |
CN1748281A (zh) | 2006-03-15 |
WO2005024884A1 (fr) | 2005-03-17 |
US20060043333A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
FR2859202A1 (fr) | 2005-03-04 |
DE602004023522D1 (de) | 2009-11-19 |
US7329399B2 (en) | 2008-02-12 |
RU2338290C2 (ru) | 2008-11-10 |
FR2859202B1 (fr) | 2005-10-14 |
CN100565753C (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
EP1658630A1 (fr) | 2006-05-24 |
ATE445224T1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
ES2334444T3 (es) | 2010-03-10 |
RU2006106743A (ru) | 2007-10-10 |
KR20060057535A (ko) | 2006-05-26 |
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