JP4702869B2 - Waste treatment method and treatment equipment - Google Patents

Waste treatment method and treatment equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4702869B2
JP4702869B2 JP2001137156A JP2001137156A JP4702869B2 JP 4702869 B2 JP4702869 B2 JP 4702869B2 JP 2001137156 A JP2001137156 A JP 2001137156A JP 2001137156 A JP2001137156 A JP 2001137156A JP 4702869 B2 JP4702869 B2 JP 4702869B2
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heating
organic waste
system zone
fly ash
temperature
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JP2002326077A (en
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昌道 浅野
公利 小瀬
裕姫 本多
範明 仙波
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental and Chemical Engineering Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental and Chemical Engineering Co Ltd
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術の分野】
本発明は有機性廃棄物と有機ハロゲン化化合物を含む飛灰を対象とした有機性廃棄物の処理方法及び同装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
有毒なハロゲン化化合物の発生を抑えた、有機性廃棄物の焼却の技術は近年益々進歩しているが、対策の遅れた焼却炉で発生した飛灰や図らずも異常な燃焼条件に陥った操業で発生した飛灰には、規制値を超えたダイオキシンなど有毒なハロゲン化化合物若しくは、容易に該有毒化合物に変化しうるハロゲン化化合物を含有している場合がある。また、有機性廃棄物の燃焼工程で、意図的に、飛灰側に前記したハロゲン化化合物の含有を許容して、排ガス側のクリーン度を優先する場合もある。このような状況で発生した、飛灰は別途再処理をして、安全な物質に変換しなければならない。
【0003】
従来、このような場合、灰熔融炉方式や加熱脱塩素方式などの別に独立した工程を設けて対処していた。このような従来の方法では、該工程にエネルギ、設備、時間などのコスト要因が追加的に必要となり不経済である。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明はかかる従来の問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、有毒なハロゲン化化合物、該前駆体を含む飛灰を処理コストの増大を伴わずに処理し、同時に有機性廃棄物も処理し、さらに資源として有効利用できる固形残渣を取得する方法及び同装置の提供を目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するため、本発明は、有機ハロゲン化化合物を含有する飛灰を対象とした有機性廃棄物の処理方法であって、飛灰を有機性廃棄物と共に混合して、外部より加熱する外部加熱手段を有する加熱流通系ゾーン廃棄物供給し、該外部加熱手段で前記加熱流通系ゾーン内部を昇温し、該昇温途上の十分に低温の間に窒素若しくは水蒸気で該加熱流通系ゾーン内部をフラッシュして、内部の空気の一部を置換し、酸素濃度を5%以下に抑えた状態で該加熱流通系ゾーン内を温度300〜800℃に維持し、前記飛灰から発生する揮発成分と前記有機性廃棄物より発生する熱分解ガスからなるガス混合物と固形残渣を該加熱流通系ゾーンに終端側より分離しながら抜きだして行うことにより、有機ハロゲン化化合物を抑制しつつ分解処理することを特徴とする。
【0006】
本発明では、火格子式焼却炉や流動層式焼却炉などで、有機性廃棄物を焼却して排出した、有機ハロゲン化化合物を含有する飛灰の処理方法であるが、別に本発明者等が出願した、未公開同時出願技術を利用する。当該未公開同時出願技術は、有機性廃棄物を、従来技術のような燃焼をさせるという概念から離れて、酸素を制限して、発熱を伴う酸化燃焼ではなく、緩やかな条件で起こる化学結合の切断を主体とする熱分解が支配的な反応とする処理をして、有毒な有機ハロゲン化物への転換を避ける方法であった。そして、該反応が行われているゾーンは常に原料系を供給し、生成系を取り出すことを可能とする、加熱流通系ゾーンであって、該主体とする吸熱反応である熱分解に必要な熱を外部から供給するものであった。
【0007】
5%以下という若干の酸素は、酸化反応に関与するが、このように酸素分圧の低い条件での酸化は燃焼とまでは行かず、発熱反応によって内部から熱を与える面では寄与するものの、局部的な高温状態はとても現出しえないので、前記毒性のある有機ハロゲン化物質の生成には至らない。また、ダイオキシン類などの有機ハロゲン化物質は一旦生成すると難分解性であるので、また、炭化物の収量を上げる意味においても全体の温度を300〜800℃に制限するのが同時に重要な要素であった。
【0008】
かかる条件下で、有機性廃棄物とともに問題の飛灰を、前記ゾーンに供給して加熱処理するとき、驚くべきことに、飛灰中に含有する前記毒性のある有機ハロゲン化化合物は、前記条件に曝した後の、分離抜き出しした固形残渣からは見出せなくなる。しかも、前記条件に曝した後のガス混合物からも、前記毒性のある有機ハロゲン化物質は検出されない。これは、未だ詳らかではないが、飛灰中に吸着含有する前記ハロゲン化化合物は、前記熱条件、及び酸素不足で、炭素、有機物及び、分解炭化水素の豊富な極めて還元性な雰囲気下に曝されることによって、吸着面から揮発するとともに、還元的化学変化によって別物質に変化したものと思われる。しかも、ハロゲン源を含有した前記有機性廃棄物は、この条件では有毒有機ハロゲン化化合物を生成しないことは、前記したとおりである。
【0009】
更に本発明の有機性廃棄物の処理方法は、混合した前記飛灰と有機性廃棄物を、金属の炭酸塩、酸化物、硫酸塩、ケイ酸塩、水酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも一つの化合物とともに、前記加熱流通系ゾーンに供給した後、該加熱流通系ゾーンの内部を300〜800℃に加熱することを特徴とする。
【0010】
水蒸気の添加は、系の酸素分圧を低下することによって、激しい酸化反応を抑制し、更に水が系内の炭素と反応して、一酸化炭素や水素を生成して、益々、還元性ガス雰囲気となり、飛灰の有毒ハロゲン化化合物の還元揮発を助け、有機性廃棄物からの有毒な有機ハロゲン化化合物の生成を抑制し、有機物中の炭素分の固定に寄与する。
【0011】
また、金属の炭酸塩、酸化物、硫酸塩、ケイ酸塩、水酸化物は有機物の炭素鎖の切断を助長する触媒作用や、反応系内の遊離ハロゲンを無機物(金属塩)として固定する作用があることがわかり、本発明の方法を低温で速やかに進行させるのに有効である。これら化合物の例としては、炭酸ソーダ、酸化鉄、水酸化カルシウム、などがあげられる。
【0012】
更に本発明の有機性廃棄物の処理方法は、前記加熱流通系ゾーンから抜き出すガス混合物を850〜1100℃で高温燃焼させることを特徴とする。このガス混合物は、未だ、ハロゲン源を持っているため、潜在的に前記有毒な有機ハロゲン化化合物を生成する原因物質を含んでいるので、これら化合物を生成しない、また、たとえ生成していたとしても分解する前記高温域で燃焼させる。これにより、系内に含有しているハロゲンはハロゲン化水素となるので、排気経路でアルカリ性物質などで中和して容易且つ低コストで除去することが可能となる。また得られた高温の排ガスは前記流通ゾーンを外部から加熱する熱源として有効に利用することができる。
【0013】
更に本発明の有機性廃棄物の処理方法は、前記加熱流通系ゾーンから抜き出す固形残渣を250℃以下に急冷して抜きだすことを特徴とする。
【0014】
これは、前記熱分解で固相の方に移行した残存ハロゲン化物質があった場合、ダイオキシン等有毒ハロゲン化化合物に転化させないための手段である。高温状態で抜き出し空気中の酸素と触れさせないためには、本発明のこの操作が必要となる。
【0015】
そして本発明は、有機ハロゲン化化合物を含有する飛灰を対象とした有機性廃棄物の処理方法であって、飛灰を有機性廃棄物と共に混合して、外部より加熱する外部加熱手段を有する加熱流通系ゾーン廃棄物供給し、該外部加熱手段で前記加熱流通系ゾーン内部を昇温し、該昇温途上の十分に低温の間に窒素若しくは水蒸気で該加熱流通系ゾーン内部をフラッシュして、内部の空気の一部を置換し、酸素濃度を5%以下に抑えた状態で該加熱流通系ゾーン内を温度300〜800℃に維持し、前記飛灰から発生する揮発成分と前記有機性廃棄物より発生する熱分解ガスからなるガス混合物と固形残渣を該加熱流通系ゾーンに終端側より分離しながら抜きだして行うことにより、有機ハロゲン化化合物を抑制しつつ分解処理することを特徴とする。
又本発明の改良発明として、混合した前記飛灰と有機性廃棄物を、金属の炭酸塩、酸化物、硫酸塩、ケイ酸塩、水酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも一つの化合物とともに、加熱流通系ゾーンに供給する供給手段と、攪拌手段及び外部加熱手段を有する加熱流通系ゾーンと、
該外部加熱手段で前記加熱流通系ゾーン内部を昇温し、該昇温途上の十分に低温の間に窒素若しくは水蒸気で該加熱流通系ゾーン内部をフラッシュして、、内部の空気の一部を置換し、酸素濃度を5%以下に抑える酸素抑制手段と、
該加熱流通系ゾーンの終端側に飛灰から発生する揮発成分と有機性廃棄物より発生する熱分解ガスからなるガス混合物及び固形残渣の分離抜き出し手段とを有し、前記混合した前記飛灰と有機性廃棄物を前記少なくとも一つの化合物とともに前記加熱流通系ゾーンに供給し、300〜800℃の設定温度範囲に維持することにより前記飛灰から発生する揮発成分と有機性廃棄物より発生する熱分解ガスからなるガス混合物と固形残渣を該加熱流通系ゾーンの終端側より分離しながら抜きだすことを可能にして、有機ハロゲン化化合物を抑制しつつ分解処理を行うことを特徴とする。
【0016】
飛灰と有機性廃棄物の混合物の供給手段は、本発明の性格上、該加熱流通系ゾーンと外気との間がシール性よく保たれる構造のもので、供給速度が自在に調節可能なものが好ましい。供給手段に付帯する原料貯留ピットは、飛灰と有機性廃棄物が別々に貯留できる形態のものでも、あらかじめ混合状態で貯留できるもの何れであっても差支えない。ただし、飛灰と有機性廃棄物との供給量比を制御する必要のある場合は、適切な計量手段などを備えることが好ましい。そして、有機性廃棄物の原料系の形態が雑多であるので、破砕、粉砕などの手段を含むことも好ましい。そして、従って、これら好ましい態様の組み合わせとしては、該加熱流通系ゾーンの入り口とを接続したスクリューフィーダなどがあげられる。
【0017】
そして、前記加熱流通系ゾーンは供給手段と接続された、原料の供給される入口があり、熱分解ガス及び固形残渣を抜き出す出口のある、確定した、一定容積の反応ゾーンであり、攪拌手段及び外部加熱手段を付帯する。攪拌手段は反応ゾーンそのものが揺動、回転などして滞留物が攪拌されてもよいし、攪拌機などで滞留物が攪拌されるタイプてもよい。また、外部加熱手段とは熱を外から供給する意味であって、例えば高温ガス源に接続された該加熱流通系ゾーンを取り巻くジャケットであってもよい、また同様に高温ガス源に接続された該加熱流通系ゾーン内部にコイル状に配置された管であってもよい。
【0018】
前記抜き出し手段は、例えば、該加熱流通系ゾーン終端側出口付近に設けられた固気分離ポートに接続された、分解ガス排出配管、及び固形残渣排出口である。固形残渣排出口には排出用のスクリューコンベヤが付帯していてもよい。
【0019】
更に本発明の有機性廃棄物の処理装置は、前記加熱流通系ゾーンより抜き出すガス混合物を高温燃焼させることのできる高温燃焼炉を更に備えたことを特徴とする。
【0020】
この高温燃焼炉は例えば、前記加熱流通系ゾーンより抜き出す熱分解ガスを導入する配管及び空気若しくは酸素富化空気送入配管に接続して、該熱分解ガスを高温で燃焼させるバーナーを備え、燃焼排ガスを排出する出口を有する燃焼炉である。例えば、高温の燃焼排ガスの用途によっては、若しくはバーナ閉塞防止の目的から、燃焼炉入り口の経路に除塵器を設け分解ガスに随伴する固体粒子を排除してから、高温燃焼炉に供給することも可能である。
【0021】
更に本発明の有機性廃棄物の処理装置は、前記加熱流通系ゾーンより抜き出す固形残渣を急冷して抜きだすことのできる固形残渣急冷手段を更に備えたことを特徴とする。
【0022】
該急冷手段は、固形残渣抜き出し経路に設けた例えば熱交換器で、抜き出し途上の固形残渣が熱交換器の伝熱面に接触して冷却されるよう構成すればよい。該伝熱面の他方の面は水などの低温媒体で冷却して、除熱する。
【0023】
冷却効率の点から、熱交換器の伝熱面積は限られた空間の中で大きい方がよい。したがって、例えば、管路の径を拡大して、その外部を囲繞した冷却ジャケットや、経路に挿入した多管式熱交換器、若しくはフィン付きチューブ等とすることができる。
【0024】
更に本発明の有機性廃棄物の処理装置は、前記加熱流通系ゾーンが外熱式キルンであることを特徴とする。
【0025】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照しながら、例示的に説明する。但し本実施の形態に記載される製品の寸法、形状、材質、その相対配置等は特に特定的な記載がない限りは、本発明の範囲をそれのみに限定する趣旨ではなく、単なる説明例に過ぎない。
【0026】
図1は本発明の一例を示すプロセスフロー図である。図1において、貯留された飛灰と有機性廃棄物混合物101は破砕機及びスクリューフィーダにより構成された供給手段により、破砕された後、加熱流通ゾーンである外熱式キルン112中に連続的に供給される。また破砕機の投入口から、有機性廃棄物の0.3%ほどの炭酸ソーダを触媒として、同時に連続的に供給した。そして外熱式キルン112の加熱ジャケット113中に高温排ガス104を流通して内部を加熱する。昇温途上の十分低温の間に、キルン内部は窒素若しくは水蒸気でフラッシュして、内部の空気の一部を置換し、酸素濃度を5%以下に抑える。外熱式キルンの内温は300〜800℃に制御し、固形残渣を抜き出し手段114の下部に導き、前記揮発成分と熱分解ガスとのガス混合物102を上部から取り出す。抜き出し手段114の下部からは、飛灰と有機性廃棄物との混合物の供給量とバランスしてキルン内容量が定常状態になるよう、固形残渣を抜き出す。抜き出し手段の下部には急冷手段として熱交換器115を備え、抜き出し時に急冷する。
【0027】
ガス混合物102は飛散粒子を含んでいるので、バグフィルタ116で除塵した後に高温燃焼炉117で燃焼させる。高温焼却炉117での燃焼用空気若しくは酸素富化空気106は別の経路で該炉117まで導く。
【0028】
高温燃焼炉117で得られた高温排ガスの一部104は、外熱式キルン112の加熱ジャケット113に導き、分解に必要な熱供給に用い、加熱ジャケット113出口から排出する未だ温度の高い、熱供給後のガス107は高温燃焼炉117から排出する高温ガスの一部と合流させてボイラ加熱用ガス105とする。
【0029】
高温のボイラ加熱用ガス105はボイラ122に導かれ、ここで蒸気を発生する熱源として使用され、発生した蒸気は蒸気タービン式発電機119を駆動し、復水機120により凝縮した水を再びボイラに戻し、循環せしめる。
【0030】
ボイラ加熱用ガス105はボイラ122で熱交換してボイラからの排ガスとなり、バグフィルタ121で除塵後、煙突118から排出される。
【0031】
以上本例のプロセスにより、有毒な有機ハロゲン化化合物若しくはその前駆物質を含有する飛灰と有機性廃棄物とを、有毒な有機ハロゲン化化合物の生成を抑制して処理し、資源として有効利用の出来る固形残渣を取得し、発生する熱源によりボイラを稼動しタービン発電機を運転してエネルギーを有効に回収できる。しかも、装置としてコンパクトで、特に特殊な材料を必要としないプラントとすることができ、コストも低廉であった。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明により、有毒なハロゲン化化合物、該前駆体を含む飛灰を処理コストの増大を伴わずに処理し、同時に有機性廃棄物も処理し、さらに資源として有効利用できる固形残渣を取得する方法及び同装置の提供が可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の一例を示すプロセスフロー図。
【符号の説明】
101 飛灰+有機性廃棄物
102 ガス混合物
103 固形残渣
104 高温排ガス
105 ボイラ加熱用ガス
106 空気若しくは酸素富化空気
107 熱供給後のガス
111 供給手段(破砕機+スクリューフィーダ)
112 加熱流通系ゾーン(外熱式キルン)
113 加熱ジャケット
114 分離抜き出し手段
115 急冷手段(熱交換器)
116 バグフィルタ
117 高温燃焼炉
118 煙突
119 蒸気タービン発電機
120 複水器
121 バグフィルタ
122 ボイラ
[0001]
[Field of the Invention]
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating organic waste targeting fly ash containing organic waste and an organic halogenated compound.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The technology for incineration of organic waste, which suppresses the generation of toxic halogenated compounds, has become more and more advanced in recent years, but it has fallen into abnormal combustion conditions, such as fly ash generated in incinerators with delayed measures. In some cases, fly ash generated during operation contains a toxic halogenated compound such as dioxin exceeding the regulation value, or a halogenated compound that can be easily converted into the toxic compound. Moreover, in the combustion process of organic waste, the inclusion of the halogenated compound described above is intentionally allowed on the fly ash side, and the cleanliness on the exhaust gas side may be given priority. The fly ash generated in this situation must be reprocessed separately to convert it into a safe substance.
[0003]
Conventionally, such cases have been dealt with by providing separate processes such as an ash melting furnace method and a heat dechlorination method. In such a conventional method, cost factors such as energy, equipment, and time are additionally required for the process, which is uneconomical.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and treats toxic halogenated compounds and fly ash containing the precursors without increasing the treatment cost, and at the same time, treats organic waste, Furthermore, it aims at provision of the method and apparatus which acquire the solid residue which can be utilized effectively as a resource.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for treating organic waste intended for fly ash containing an organic halide compound, wherein the fly ash is mixed with organic waste and heated from the outside. Waste is supplied to a heating and circulation system zone having external heating means for heating, the inside of the heating and circulation system zone is heated by the external heating means, and the heating and circulation is performed with nitrogen or water vapor during a sufficiently low temperature during the temperature increase The inside of the system zone is flushed, a part of the air inside is replaced, and the inside of the heating flow system zone is maintained at a temperature of 300 to 800 ° C. with the oxygen concentration kept at 5% or less, and is generated from the fly ash. The organic halogenated compound is suppressed by removing the gas mixture consisting of the volatile component and the pyrolysis gas generated from the organic waste and separating the solid residue from the terminal end side while separating it from the terminal side. Disassembly Characterized in that it.
[0006]
The present invention is a method for treating fly ash containing organic halogenated compounds discharged from incinerated organic waste in a grate type incinerator or fluidized bed type incinerator. Will use the unpublished simultaneous filing technology. The unpublished simultaneous application technology is different from the concept of burning organic wastes as in the prior art, limiting oxygen and not chemical oxidation that occurs under mild conditions rather than oxidative combustion with exotherm. It was a method of avoiding the conversion to toxic organic halides by performing a treatment in which thermal decomposition, mainly cutting, was the dominant reaction. The zone in which the reaction is carried out is a heating flow system zone that always supplies the raw material system and allows the production system to be taken out, and the heat necessary for the pyrolysis that is the main endothermic reaction. Was supplied from the outside.
[0007]
Although some oxygen of 5% or less is involved in the oxidation reaction, the oxidation under such a low oxygen partial pressure does not go to combustion, but contributes in terms of giving heat from the inside by an exothermic reaction, Since local high temperature conditions cannot be manifested very much, it does not lead to the production of the toxic organic halides. In addition, since organic halides such as dioxins are hardly decomposed once formed, limiting the overall temperature to 300 to 800 ° C. is also an important factor at the same time in terms of increasing the yield of carbides. It was.
[0008]
Under such conditions, when the problem fly ash together with organic waste is supplied to the zone and heat-treated, surprisingly, the toxic organic halogenated compound contained in the fly ash contains the above-mentioned conditions. It cannot be found from the separated solid residue after exposure to. Moreover, the toxic organic halide is not detected from the gas mixture after being exposed to the above conditions. Although this is not yet clear, the halogenated compounds adsorbed and contained in fly ash are exposed to a highly reducing atmosphere rich in carbon, organic matter, and cracked hydrocarbons under the thermal conditions and lack of oxygen. As a result, it is thought that it volatilized from the adsorption surface and changed to another substance by reductive chemical change. Moreover, as described above, the organic waste containing a halogen source does not produce a toxic organic halogenated compound under these conditions.
[0009]
Furthermore, in the method for treating organic waste according to the present invention, the mixed fly ash and the organic waste are mixed with at least one compound selected from metal carbonate, oxide, sulfate, silicate, and hydroxide. And after supplying to the said heating distribution system zone, the inside of this heating distribution system zone is heated at 300-800 degreeC, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0010]
The addition of water vapor suppresses the violent oxidation reaction by lowering the oxygen partial pressure of the system, and further, water reacts with carbon in the system to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It helps to reduce and volatilize toxic halogenated compounds in fly ash, suppress the production of toxic organic halogenated compounds from organic waste, and contribute to fixing carbon in organic matter.
[0011]
Metal carbonates, oxides, sulfates, silicates, and hydroxides also catalyze the breakage of organic carbon chains and fix free halogens in the reaction system as inorganic substances (metal salts) This is effective for allowing the process of the present invention to proceed rapidly at low temperatures. Examples of these compounds include sodium carbonate, iron oxide, calcium hydroxide, and the like.
[0012]
Furthermore, the organic waste processing method of the present invention is characterized in that the gas mixture withdrawn from the heated circulation zone is burned at a high temperature at 850 to 1100 ° C. This gas mixture still has a halogen source and therefore contains the causative agent that potentially produces the toxic organic halogenated compounds, so that these compounds are not produced, even if they were produced. Is also burned in the high temperature range where it decomposes. Thereby, since the halogen contained in the system becomes hydrogen halide, it can be easily and inexpensively removed by neutralization with an alkaline substance or the like in the exhaust path. The obtained high-temperature exhaust gas can be effectively used as a heat source for heating the circulation zone from the outside.
[0013]
Furthermore, the organic waste processing method of the present invention is characterized in that the solid residue extracted from the heating flow system zone is rapidly cooled to 250 ° C. or less and extracted.
[0014]
This is a means for preventing the conversion to a toxic halogenated compound such as dioxin when there is a residual halogenated substance transferred to the solid phase by the thermal decomposition. This operation of the present invention is necessary to prevent contact with oxygen in the extracted air at a high temperature.
[0015]
And this invention is the processing method of the organic waste for fly ash containing the organic halide compound, Comprising: It has an external heating means which mixes fly ash with organic waste and heats it from the outside Heating circulation system zone waste is supplied, the inside of the heating circulation system zone is heated with the external heating means, and the inside of the heating circulation system zone is flushed with nitrogen or water vapor while the temperature is sufficiently low during the temperature rising. The inside of the heating flow system zone is maintained at a temperature of 300 to 800 ° C. in a state in which a part of the air inside is replaced and the oxygen concentration is suppressed to 5% or less, and the volatile components generated from the fly ash and the organic It is characterized by carrying out decomposition treatment while suppressing organic halogenated compounds by removing the gas mixture consisting of pyrolysis gas generated from waste and solid residue while separating it from the terminal side into the heating flow system zone. You .
Also, as an improved invention of the present invention, the mixed fly ash and organic waste, together with at least one compound selected from metal carbonates, oxides, sulfates, silicates and hydroxides, are heated and distributed. A supply means for supplying to the zone, a heating flow system zone having a stirring means and an external heating means,
The inside of the heating and circulation system zone is heated by the external heating means, and the inside of the heating and circulation system zone is flushed with nitrogen or water vapor while the temperature is sufficiently low during the heating, so that a part of the air inside Oxygen suppressing means for replacing and suppressing the oxygen concentration to 5% or less;
A gas mixture comprising a volatile component generated from fly ash and a pyrolysis gas generated from organic waste and means for separating and extracting solid residue on the terminal side of the heating flow system zone; and the mixed fly ash Heat supplied from the volatile components generated from the fly ash and the organic waste by supplying the organic waste together with the at least one compound to the heating circulation zone and maintaining it in a set temperature range of 300 to 800 ° C. The gas mixture and the solid residue composed of the cracked gas can be extracted while being separated from the end side of the heating flow system zone, and the cracking treatment is performed while suppressing the organic halide compound.
[0016]
The supply means of the mixture of fly ash and organic waste has a structure in which the space between the heating and circulation system zone and the outside air is maintained with a good sealing property due to the nature of the present invention, and the supply speed can be freely adjusted. Those are preferred. The raw material storage pit incidental to the supply means may be either in a form in which fly ash and organic waste can be stored separately, or in a form that can be stored in a mixed state in advance. However, when it is necessary to control the supply amount ratio between the fly ash and the organic waste, it is preferable to provide an appropriate measuring means. And since the form of the raw material system of an organic waste is miscellaneous, it is also preferable to include means, such as crushing and crushing. Therefore, as a combination of these preferable embodiments, a screw feeder connected to the entrance of the heating flow system zone can be cited.
[0017]
The heating flow system zone is a fixed, constant volume reaction zone connected to a supply means, having an inlet for supplying raw materials, and having an outlet for extracting pyrolysis gas and solid residue, and stirring means and An external heating means is attached. The stirrer may be a type in which the stagnant is stirred by the reaction zone itself swinging or rotating, or the stagnant may be stirred by a stirrer or the like. Further, the external heating means means to supply heat from the outside, and for example, it may be a jacket surrounding the heating flow system zone connected to the high temperature gas source, and similarly connected to the high temperature gas source. The pipe | tube arrange | positioned in the coil shape inside this heating distribution system zone may be sufficient.
[0018]
The extraction means is, for example, a cracked gas discharge pipe and a solid residue discharge port connected to a solid-gas separation port provided in the vicinity of the outlet end of the heating flow system zone. A screw conveyor for discharge may be attached to the solid residue discharge port.
[0019]
Furthermore, the organic waste processing apparatus of the present invention further includes a high-temperature combustion furnace capable of high-temperature combustion of the gas mixture extracted from the heating and circulation system zone.
[0020]
This high-temperature combustion furnace includes, for example, a pipe for introducing pyrolysis gas extracted from the heating flow system zone and an air or oxygen-enriched air feed pipe, and a burner for burning the pyrolysis gas at a high temperature. A combustion furnace having an outlet for discharging exhaust gas. For example, depending on the use of high-temperature combustion exhaust gas, or for the purpose of preventing burner clogging, a dust remover may be provided in the path of the combustion furnace entrance to remove solid particles accompanying cracked gas and then supplied to the high-temperature combustion furnace. Is possible.
[0021]
Furthermore, the organic waste processing apparatus of the present invention is characterized by further comprising solid residue quenching means capable of quenching and extracting the solid residue extracted from the heating and circulation system zone.
[0022]
The rapid cooling means may be configured, for example, by a heat exchanger provided in the solid residue extraction path so that the solid residue being extracted contacts the heat transfer surface of the heat exchanger and is cooled. The other surface of the heat transfer surface is cooled by a low-temperature medium such as water to remove heat.
[0023]
From the viewpoint of cooling efficiency, the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger should be large in a limited space. Therefore, for example, the diameter of the pipe line can be enlarged to provide a cooling jacket surrounding the outside, a multi-tube heat exchanger inserted into the path, a finned tube, or the like.
[0024]
Furthermore, the organic waste processing apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the heating and circulation system zone is an external heating kiln.
[0025]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, shapes, materials, relative arrangements, etc. of the products described in the present embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention only to specific examples unless otherwise specified. Not too much.
[0026]
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram showing an example of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the stored fly ash and the organic waste mixture 101 are crushed by a supply means constituted by a crusher and a screw feeder, and then continuously in an external heating kiln 112 which is a heating distribution zone. Supplied. Further, sodium carbonate of about 0.3% of the organic waste was continuously supplied simultaneously from the crusher inlet as a catalyst. Then, the high temperature exhaust gas 104 is circulated in the heating jacket 113 of the external heating kiln 112 to heat the inside. While the temperature inside the kiln is sufficiently low, the inside of the kiln is flushed with nitrogen or water vapor to replace a part of the air inside and keep the oxygen concentration to 5% or less. The internal temperature of the external heating kiln is controlled to 300 to 800 ° C., the solid residue is extracted to the lower part of the means 114, and the gas mixture 102 of the volatile component and the pyrolysis gas is extracted from the upper part. From the lower part of the extraction means 114, solid residues are extracted so that the kiln content becomes a steady state in balance with the supply amount of the mixture of fly ash and organic waste. A heat exchanger 115 is provided as a rapid cooling means at the lower part of the extraction means, and is rapidly cooled at the time of extraction.
[0027]
Since the gas mixture 102 contains scattered particles, the dust is removed by the bag filter 116 and then burned in the high temperature combustion furnace 117. Combustion air or oxygen-enriched air 106 in the high temperature incinerator 117 is led to the furnace 117 by another route.
[0028]
A part of the high-temperature exhaust gas 104 obtained in the high-temperature combustion furnace 117 is led to the heating jacket 113 of the external heating kiln 112, used for supplying heat necessary for decomposition, and discharged from the outlet of the heating jacket 113 with a high temperature. The supplied gas 107 is combined with a part of the high-temperature gas discharged from the high-temperature combustion furnace 117 to form a boiler heating gas 105.
[0029]
The high-temperature boiler heating gas 105 is guided to the boiler 122, where it is used as a heat source for generating steam. The generated steam drives the steam turbine generator 119, and the water condensed by the condenser 120 is again boiler. Return to circulate.
[0030]
The boiler heating gas 105 is heat exchanged by the boiler 122 to become exhaust gas from the boiler, and is removed from the chimney 118 after dust removal by the bag filter 121.
[0031]
As described above, the process of this example treats fly ash containing toxic organic halogenated compounds or their precursors and organic waste while suppressing the production of toxic organic halogenated compounds, and effectively uses them as resources. The solid residue that can be obtained is obtained, and the boiler is operated by the generated heat source and the turbine generator is operated to effectively recover the energy. In addition, the apparatus is compact as a device, and can be a plant that does not require any special material, and the cost is low.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, toxic halogenated compounds and fly ash containing the precursors can be processed without increasing processing costs, and organic waste can be processed at the same time, and can be effectively used as resources. It has become possible to provide a method and apparatus for obtaining a solid residue.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram showing an example of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
101 Fly Ash + Organic Waste 102 Gas Mixture 103 Solid Residue 104 High Temperature Exhaust Gas 105 Boiler Heating Gas 106 Air or Oxygen-Enriched Air 107 Gas 111 after Heat Supply Supply Unit (Crusher + Screw Feeder)
112 Heating distribution zone (external heat kiln)
113 Heating jacket 114 Separating / extracting means 115 Rapid cooling means (heat exchanger)
116 Bag filter 117 High-temperature combustion furnace 118 Chimney 119 Steam turbine generator 120 Duplexer 121 Bag filter 122 Boiler

Claims (9)

有機ハロゲン化化合物を含有する飛灰を対象とした有機性廃棄物の処理方法であって、飛灰を有機性廃棄物と共に混合して、外部より加熱する外部加熱手段を有する加熱流通系ゾーン廃棄物供給し、該外部加熱手段で前記加熱流通系ゾーン内部を昇温し、該昇温途上の十分に低温の間に窒素若しくは水蒸気で該加熱流通系ゾーン内部をフラッシュして、内部の空気の一部を置換し、酸素濃度を5%以下に抑えた状態で該加熱流通系ゾーン内を温度300〜800℃に維持し、前記飛灰から発生する揮発成分と前記有機性廃棄物より発生する熱分解ガスからなるガス混合物と固形残渣を該加熱流通系ゾーンに終端側より分離しながら抜きだして行うことにより、有機ハロゲン化化合物を抑制しつつ分解処理することを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理方法。A method of processing organic waste intended for fly ash containing organic halide compound, is mixed with organic waste fly ash, the heat distribution system zone having an external heating means for heating from the outside Supplying waste, heating the inside of the heating circulation system zone with the external heating means, flushing the inside of the heating circulation system zone with nitrogen or water vapor while the temperature is sufficiently low during the temperature rising, Is generated from the volatile components generated from the fly ash and the organic waste while maintaining the temperature in the heating flow system zone at a temperature of 300 to 800 ° C. with the oxygen concentration suppressed to 5% or less. The organic waste is characterized in that it decomposes while suppressing organic halogenated compounds by removing the gas mixture consisting of pyrolysis gas and solid residue from the terminal side while separating it from the heating flow system zone. object Processing method. 混合した前記飛灰と有機性廃棄物を、炭酸ソーダ、酸化鉄、水酸化カルシウムから選ばれる少なくとも一つの化合物とともに、前記加熱流通系ゾーンに供給した後、該加熱流通系ゾーンの内部を300〜800℃に加熱することを特徴とする請求項1記載の有機性廃棄物の処理方法。After supplying the mixed fly ash and organic waste together with at least one compound selected from sodium carbonate, iron oxide, and calcium hydroxide to the heating circulation system zone, the inside of the heating circulation system zone is 300 to 300- The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste is heated to 800 ° C. 前記加熱流通系ゾーンから抜き出すガス混合物を850〜1100℃で高温燃焼させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の有機性廃棄物の処理方法。  The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the gas mixture extracted from the heating flow system zone is burned at a high temperature at 850 to 1100 ° C. 前記加熱流通系ゾーンから抜き出す固形残渣を250℃以下に急冷して抜きだすことを特徴とする請求項1記載の有機性廃棄物の処理方法。  2. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the solid residue extracted from the heating flow system zone is rapidly cooled to 250 ° C. or less and extracted. 有機ハロゲン化化合物を含有する飛灰を対象とした有機性廃棄物の処理装置であって、混合した前記飛灰と有機性廃棄物を加熱流通系ゾーンに供給する供給手段と、攪拌手段及び外部加熱手段を有する加熱流通系ゾーンと、
該外部加熱手段で前記加熱流通系ゾーン内部を昇温し、該昇温途上の十分に低温の間に窒素若しくは水蒸気で該加熱流通系ゾーン内部をフラッシュして、内部の空気の一部を置換し、酸素濃度を5%以下に抑える酸素抑制手段と、
該加熱流通系ゾーンの終端側に飛灰から発生する揮発成分と有機性廃棄物より発生する熱分解ガスからなるガス混合物及び固形残渣の分離抜き出し手段とを有し、前記混合した前記飛灰と有機性廃棄物を前記加熱流通系ゾーンに供給し、300〜800℃の設定温度範囲に維持することにより前記飛灰から発生する揮発成分と有機性廃棄物より発生する熱分解ガスからなるガス混合物と固形残渣を該加熱流通系ゾーンの終端側より分離しながら抜きだすことを可能にして、有機ハロゲン化化合物を抑制しつつ分解処理を行うことを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理装置。
An organic waste treatment apparatus for fly ash containing an organic halogenated compound, the supply means for supplying the mixed fly ash and organic waste to the heating flow system zone, a stirring means, and an external A heating distribution zone having a heating means;
The inside of the heating and circulation system zone is heated by the external heating means, and the inside of the heating and circulation system zone is flushed with nitrogen or water vapor while the temperature is sufficiently low during the temperature rising, so that a part of the air inside is replaced. And oxygen suppressing means for suppressing the oxygen concentration to 5% or less,
A gas mixture comprising a volatile component generated from fly ash and a pyrolysis gas generated from organic waste and means for separating and extracting solid residue on the terminal side of the heating flow system zone; and the mixed fly ash A gas mixture composed of volatile components generated from the fly ash and pyrolysis gas generated from the organic waste by supplying the organic waste to the heating circulation system zone and maintaining it within a set temperature range of 300 to 800 ° C. And a solid residue can be extracted while being separated from the terminal side of the heating flow system zone, and a decomposition treatment is performed while suppressing organic halogenated compounds.
請求項5記載の有機性廃棄物の処理装置であって、
前記供給手段は、混合した前記飛灰と有機性廃棄物を、炭酸ソーダ、酸化鉄、水酸化カルシウムから選ばれる少なくとも一つの化合物とともに、加熱流通系ゾーンに供給することを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理装置。
An organic waste treatment apparatus according to claim 5,
The supply means supplies the mixed fly ash and organic waste, together with at least one compound selected from sodium carbonate, iron oxide, and calcium hydroxide , to a heating and circulation system zone. Material processing equipment.
前記加熱流通系ゾーンより抜き出すガス混合物を高温燃焼させることのできる高温燃焼炉を更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項5若しくは6記載の有機性廃棄物の処理装置。  The organic waste treatment apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising a high-temperature combustion furnace capable of high-temperature combustion of a gas mixture extracted from the heating flow system zone. 前記加熱流通系ゾーンより抜き出す固形残渣を急冷して抜きだすことのできる固形残渣急冷手段を更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項5若しくは6記載の有機性廃棄物の処理装置。  The organic waste processing apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising solid residue quenching means capable of rapidly cooling and extracting a solid residue extracted from the heating and circulation system zone. 前記加熱流通系ゾーンが外熱式キルンであることを特徴とする請求項5乃至8いずれかの項記載の有機性廃棄物の処理装置。  The organic waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the heating flow system zone is an external heating kiln.
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